RESUMO
Aflatoxins are carcinogenic compounds produced by some species of Aspergillus, especially those belonging to Aspergillus section Flavi. Their occurrence in food may start in the field, in the post-harvest, or during storage due to inadequate handling and storage. Because cassava is a staple food for a high percentage of the Brazilian population, we evaluated the presence of aflatoxin-producing species in cassava tubers, cassava products (cassava flour, cassava starch, sour starch, and tapioca flour), and in soil samples collected from cassava fields. In addition, the levels of aflatoxin contamination in cassava products were quantified. A total of 101 samples were analyzed, and 45 strains of Aspergillus section Flavi were isolated. Among the identified species, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus arachidicola, Aspergillus novoparasiticus, and Aspergillus parasiticus were found. The majority of strains (73.3%) tested for their aflatoxin-producing ability in synthetic media was positive. Despite that, cassava and cassava products were essentially free of aflatoxins, and only one sample of cassava flour contained traces of AFB1 (0.35 µg/kg).
Assuntos
Aflatoxinas/análise , Aspergillus flavus/isolamento & purificação , Aspergillus/isolamento & purificação , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Manihot/microbiologia , Aflatoxinas/classificação , Aspergillus/classificação , Brasil , Farinha/análise , Farinha/microbiologia , Solo/químicaRESUMO
Metacercárias são larvas de trematódeos digenéticos comumente encontradas encapsuladas em brânquias, pele, músculos e órgãos internos. Geralmente não são prejudiciais aos animais quando em baixo número, porém, em altas infestações podem levar a óbito. O presente estudo relata infecções por metacercárias em 58 peixes ornamentais de água doce, provenientes de produtores de dois municípios do estado de São Paulo (Iguape e Jacareí), sudeste do Brasil. Após a análise, 13% dos animais (8/58) apresentaram metacercárias encistadas no tecido subcutâneo e 43% (25/58) apresentaram metacercárias encapsuladas em brânquias. Estes resultados destacam a importância do controle sanitário de peixes e na realização de diagnósticos que possam desenvolver programas de biosseguridade no cultivo de peixes ornamentais. É discutida a importância de assegurar a sanidade de peixes ornamentais de forma a tornar a atividade economicamente viável e reduzir perdas econômicas na produção.(AU)
Metacercariae are digenetic trematode larvae commonly encapsulated in gills, skin, muscles and internal organs and are generally not harmful to animals when in low numbers, but in high infestations can lead to death. The present study reports metacercariae infections in 58 freshwater ornamental fishes from producers in two municipalities of the state of São Paulo (Iguape and Jacareí), Southeastern Brazil. After analysis, 13% of the animals (8/58) had metacercariae encysted in subcutaneous tissue and 43% (25/58) presented metacercariae encapsulated in gills. These results highlight the importance of the Veterinary in the sanitary control of fish, with the ability to identify agents, establish diagnoses and from there develop biosecurity control programs in the production systems of ornamental aquatic organisms, in order to ensure the viability of the fish business, promote animal welfare, reduce manageable losses and contribute to its role for animal and environmental health as a whole.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Peixes/parasitologia , Metacercárias/parasitologiaRESUMO
Metacercárias são larvas de trematódeos digenéticos comumente encontradas encapsuladas em brânquias, pele, músculos e órgãos internos. Geralmente não são prejudiciais aos animais quando em baixo número, porém, em altas infestações podem levar a óbito. O presente estudo relata infecções por metacercárias em 58 peixes ornamentais de água doce, provenientes de produtores de dois municípios do estado de São Paulo (Iguape e Jacareí), sudeste do Brasil. Após a análise, 13% dos animais (8/58) apresentaram metacercárias encistadas no tecido subcutâneo e 43% (25/58) apresentaram metacercárias encapsuladas em brânquias. Estes resultados destacam a importância do controle sanitário de peixes e na realização de diagnósticos que possam desenvolver programas de biosseguridade no cultivo de peixes ornamentais. É discutida a importância de assegurar a sanidade de peixes ornamentais de forma a tornar a atividade economicamente viável e reduzir perdas econômicas na produção.
Metacercariae are digenetic trematode larvae commonly encapsulated in gills, skin, muscles and internal organs and are generally not harmful to animals when in low numbers, but in high infestations can lead to death. The present study reports metacercariae infections in 58 freshwater ornamental fishes from producers in two municipalities of the state of São Paulo (Iguape and Jacareí), Southeastern Brazil. After analysis, 13% of the animals (8/58) had metacercariae encysted in subcutaneous tissue and 43% (25/58) presented metacercariae encapsulated in gills. These results highlight the importance of the Veterinary in the sanitary control of fish, with the ability to identify agents, establish diagnoses and from there develop biosecurity control programs in the production systems of ornamental aquatic organisms, in order to ensure the viability of the fish business, promote animal welfare, reduce manageable losses and contribute to its role for animal and environmental health as a whole.
Assuntos
Animais , Metacercárias/parasitologia , Peixes/parasitologiaRESUMO
Malaria transmission in South America is overwhelmingly located in the Amazon region with limited cases outside that biome. A key factor in the mitigation of malaria transmission is the determination of vector diversity and bionomics in endemic areas. Anopheles mosquitoes were collected in four different landscapes of Cruzeiro do Sul-Acre, the current area with highest malaria transmission in Brazil. We performed adult mosquito collections every three months over two years and associated vector occurrence with local abiotic factors. A total of 1,754 Anopheles belonging to nine species were collected, but only four of them (An. albitarsis s.l. Lynch-Arribalzaga, An. braziliensis Chagas, An. peryassui Dyar and Knab, and An. triannulatus Neiva and Pinto) represented 77.1% of the total. Vector density and diversity was uneven across field sites and collection periods. Higher Anopheles abundance (54.8%) and richness were observed in a deforested palm tree area (IFC), with An. braziliensis the most frequent mosquito (40.5%). Only 7.3% of mosquitoes were collected in the SAB village, but 66.4% of them were An. darlingi and An. oswaldoi, species often regarded as primary and secondary vectors of malaria in the Amazon region. A distinct biting preference was observed between 18:00-19:40. The distance from the nearest breeding site and minimum temperature explained 41.6% of the Anopheles community composition. Our data show that the Anopheles species composition may present great variation on a microgeographic scale.
Assuntos
Anopheles/fisiologia , Biodiversidade , Malária/transmissão , Mosquitos Vetores/fisiologia , Plasmodium/fisiologia , Animais , Anopheles/parasitologia , Brasil , Geografia , Malária/parasitologia , Mosquitos Vetores/parasitologia , Densidade DemográficaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the bleaching efficacy and tooth sensitivity (TS) of a 38% hydrogen peroxide bleaching agent used for in-office bleaching, applied under different time protocols: a 40-minute application or two 20-minute applications. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Forty-four patients from Brazil and Colombia, with right superior canines darker than C2, were selected for this multicenter, single-blind, randomized trial. The teeth were bleached in two sessions, with a one-week interval between them, in a split-mouth design. The bleaching agent was applied in two 20-minute (2×20) applications or one 40-minute (1×40) application in each session according to the manufacturer's instructions. The color changes were evaluated by using subjective (Vita Classical and Vita Bleachedguide) and objective (Easyshade Spectrophotometer) methods at baseline and 30 days after the second session. Tooth sensitivity was recorded up to 48 hours with a 0-10 visual analog scale. Also, the pH values during the application of bleaching were recorded. Color change in shade guide units and ΔE were analyzed by using the Student t-test (α=0.05). The absolute risk and intensity of TS were evaluated with the McNemar test, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and the Friedman test, respectively (α= 0.05). RESULTS: Significant whitening was observed in both groups after 30 days of clinical evaluation. The use of a 40-minute application did not significantly influence the absolute risk of TS (68%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 53-80) as well as the intensity of TS compared with the acid bleaching gel (absolute risk of 82%, 95% CI = 68-91). The pH values did not differ significantly between groups and at the different assessment periods ( p=0.42). CONCLUSION: The use of a 40-minute in-office bleaching agent gel application produced the same whitening degree and TS that the two 20-minute bleaching agent applications did. The former preferably should be applied because one 40-minute application does not require gel refreshing.
Assuntos
Peróxido de Hidrogênio/administração & dosagem , Clareadores Dentários/administração & dosagem , Clareamento Dental/métodos , Adulto , Brasil , Colômbia , Consultórios Odontológicos , Sensibilidade da Dentina/induzido quimicamente , Humanos , Método Simples-Cego , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Pertussis is a worldwide acute respiratory disease caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. Despite high vaccine coverage, the bacterium continues to circulate in populations and is still one of the most common vaccine-preventable diseases. In Brazil, pertussis incidence has presented a significant decrease since 1990 but since 2011 a sudden increase in incidence has been observed. Thus, the aim of this study was to perform a molecular epidemiological characterization of B. pertussis strains isolated in the Central-Western region (specifically in Distrito Federal) of Brazil from August 2012 to August 2014. During this period, 92 B. pertussis strains were isolated from the outbreaks. All strains were characterized by serotyping and XbaI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles. From August to December 2012, the most prevalent serotype observed was 1,3 (13/17). During 2013 the prevalence of serotype 1,3 decreased (13/30) and from January 2014 to August 2014 the most prevalent serotype was 1,2 (33/45). Fourteen PFGE profiles were identified. Of these, BP-XbaI0039 prevalence increased from 3/17 in 2012 to 10/30 in 2013, and 35/45 in 2014. These results evidence the selection of a specific genetic profile during this period, suggesting the occurrence of a bacterial genomic profile with high circulation potential.
Assuntos
Bordetella pertussis/genética , Surtos de Doenças , Genótipo , Coqueluche/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Prevalência , Sorogrupo , Sorotipagem , Coqueluche/microbiologiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a malleable membrane composed of hydroxyapatite (60%) and polycaprolactone (40%) as treatment of periodontal disease experimentally induced in dogs. A bone defect of standardized dimensions was created between the roots of the third and fourth premolar of 12 dogs for periodontal disease induction. Six dogs had the defect covered by the membrane and six dogs received only standard treatment for periodontal disease, also applied to dogs in the treated group. The animals were clinically monitored during the experiment. Radiographs were taken after surgery and at 60 days after treatment initiation. Clinical attachment level was also assessed in those moments. On the 60th day, dental sample of all animals, containing tooth, defect and periodontal tissues, were harvested, fixed in formalin and analyzed by microtomography and histology. During the experimental period, the animals showed no pain and purulent discharge, however, there was dehiscence in 50% of animals and membrane exposure in five out of six animals in the treated group. Clinical attachment level showed no difference between groups. Radiographs showed radiopacity equal to the alveolar bone in both groups. The microtomography revealed that the control group had higher bone volume in the defect compared to the treated group; however, the furcation was not filled by new alveolar bone in any animal. Histological analysis revealed that junctional epithelium invasion was lighter in the control group. New bone was only observed in the apical edge of the defect in both groups. Although the composite is biocompatible and able to keep the space of the defect, it did not promote periodontal tissue regeneration within 60 days of observation.(AU)
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a utilização de membrana moldável constituída por hidroxiapatita (60%) e policaprolactona (40%) como tratamento da doença periodontal, induzida experimentalmente em cães. Um defeito ósseo de dimensões padronizadas foi realizado entre as raízes do terceiro e do quarto pré-molares de 12 cães para indução da doença periodontal. Todos os cães receberam tratamento padrão para doença periodontal, e seis desses animais foram tratados também com a aplicação da membrana sobre o defeito. Os animais foram acompanhados clinicamente durante o experimento. Radiografias foram realizadas no pós-operatório e aos 60 dias após o início do tratamento. O nível clínico de inserção também foi avaliado nesses momentos. Aos 60 dias, a amostra dental de todos os animais contendo o dente, o defeito e os tecidos periodontais foi coletada, fixada em formol e analisada por microtomografia e histologia. Durante o período experimental, os animais não apresentaram dor e secreção purulenta, entretanto houve deiscência em 50% dos animais e exposição de membrana em cinco dos seis animais do grupo tratado. Nível clínico de inserção não apresentou diferença entre os grupos. As imagens radiográficas mostraram radiopacidade igual ao osso alveolar em ambos os grupos. A microtomografia revelou que o grupo controle apresentou maior volume ósseo no defeito em relação ao grupo tratado, no entanto, em todos os animais, a região de furca não foi preenchida por novo osso alveolar. A análise histológica revelou que a invasão por epitélio juncional foi mais discreta no grupo controle. Osso novo foi apenas observado na borda apical do defeito em ambos os grupos. Embora o compósito seja biocompatível e tenha sido capaz de manter o espaço do defeito, ele não promoveu a regeneração dos tecidos periodontais no período de 60 dias de observação.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Materiais Biocompatíveis/uso terapêutico , Doenças Periodontais/veterinária , Hidroxiapatitas/uso terapêutico , Regeneração Tecidual Guiada/veterinária , Poliésteres , Modelos AnimaisRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a malleable membrane composed of hydroxyapatite (60%) and polycaprolactone (40%) as treatment of periodontal disease experimentally induced in dogs. A bone defect of standardized dimensions was created between the roots of the third and fourth premolar of 12 dogs for periodontal disease induction. Six dogs had the defect covered by the membrane and six dogs received only standard treatment for periodontal disease, also applied to dogs in the treated group. The animals were clinically monitored during the experiment. Radiographs were taken after surgery and at 60 days after treatment initiation. Clinical attachment level was also assessed in those moments. On the 60th day, dental sample of all animals, containing tooth, defect and periodontal tissues, were harvested, fixed in formalin and analyzed by microtomography and histology. During the experimental period, the animals showed no pain and purulent discharge, however, there was dehiscence in 50% of animals and membrane exposure in five out of six animals in the treated group. Clinical attachment level showed no difference between groups. Radiographs showed radiopacity equal to the alveolar bone in both groups. The microtomography revealed that the control group had higher bone volume in the defect compared to the treated group; however, the furcation was not filled by new alveolar bone in any animal. Histological analysis revealed that junctional epithelium invasion was lighter in the control group. New bone was only observed in the apical edge of the defect in both groups. Although the composite is biocompatible and able to keep the space of the defect, it did not promote periodontal tissue regeneration within 60 days of observation.(AU)
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a utilização de membrana moldável constituída por hidroxiapatita (60%) e policaprolactona (40%) como tratamento da doença periodontal, induzida experimentalmente em cães. Um defeito ósseo de dimensões padronizadas foi realizado entre as raízes do terceiro e do quarto pré-molares de 12 cães para indução da doença periodontal. Todos os cães receberam tratamento padrão para doença periodontal, e seis desses animais foram tratados também com a aplicação da membrana sobre o defeito. Os animais foram acompanhados clinicamente durante o experimento. Radiografias foram realizadas no pós-operatório e aos 60 dias após o início do tratamento. O nível clínico de inserção também foi avaliado nesses momentos. Aos 60 dias, a amostra dental de todos os animais contendo o dente, o defeito e os tecidos periodontais foi coletada, fixada em formol e analisada por microtomografia e histologia. Durante o período experimental, os animais não apresentaram dor e secreção purulenta, entretanto houve deiscência em 50% dos animais e exposição de membrana em cinco dos seis animais do grupo tratado. Nível clínico de inserção não apresentou diferença entre os grupos. As imagens radiográficas mostraram radiopacidade igual ao osso alveolar em ambos os grupos. A microtomografia revelou que o grupo controle apresentou maior volume ósseo no defeito em relação ao grupo tratado, no entanto, em todos os animais, a região de furca não foi preenchida por novo osso alveolar. A análise histológica revelou que a invasão por epitélio juncional foi mais discreta no grupo controle. Osso novo foi apenas observado na borda apical do defeito em ambos os grupos. Embora o compósito seja biocompatível e tenha sido capaz de manter o espaço do defeito, ele não promoveu a regeneração dos tecidos periodontais no período de 60 dias de observação.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Materiais Biocompatíveis/uso terapêutico , Regeneração Tecidual Guiada/veterinária , Hidroxiapatitas/uso terapêutico , Doenças Periodontais/veterinária , Modelos Animais , PoliésteresRESUMO
In Brazil, the blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva) is a common pet. The faecal microbiota of these birds include a wide variety of bacterial species, the majority of which belong to the Gram-positive lactic acid bacteria (LAB) clade. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in the diversity and abundance of LAB and Bifidobacterium spp. in the cloacae between wild and captive birds and to select, identify and characterise LAB for consideration as a parrot probiotic. Cloacal swabs were collected from 26 wild and 26 captive birds. Bacterial DNA was extracted, and the 16S rRNA genes were amplified. The numbers of PCR-positive Enterococcus, Pediococcus, and Lactobacillus species isolated from wild and captive birds were significantly different (P<0.05). Enterococcus was the most frequently isolated genus, followed by Pediococcus, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus and Bifidobacterium. Enterococcus faecium, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus coryniformis, Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis and Bifidobacterium bifidum were the most frequently isolated species from all birds. This study increases our understanding of the faecal microbiota, and may help to improve the nutrition and habitat management of captive and wild parrots. The bacterial population identified in the faecal microbiota of clinically healthy wild and captive parrots can serve as a database to analyse variations in the gut microbiota of pathogen-infected parrots and to develop probiotics specific to these genera.
Assuntos
Bifidobacterium/isolamento & purificação , Biodiversidade , Fezes/microbiologia , Lactobacillales/isolamento & purificação , Papagaios , Animais , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Bifidobacterium/classificação , Bifidobacterium/genética , Bifidobacterium/fisiologia , Brasil , DNA Bacteriano/química , DNA Bacteriano/genética , DNA Ribossômico/química , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Lactobacillales/classificação , Lactobacillales/genética , Lactobacillales/fisiologia , Probióticos/isolamento & purificação , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
AIM: To assess the immediate influence of dentine bonding systems (DBS) associated with 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) on glass-fibre post-bond strength to root dentine, in terms of coronal, middle and apical thirds. METHODOLOGY: Sixty bovine roots were root filled and randomly assigned to 1 of 6 groups (n = 10): SBMP (3-step etch-and-rinse system, Scotchbond Multi-Purpose), SB (2-step etch-and-rinse system, Single Bond 2), SE (2-step self-etching system, Clearfil SE Bond) and SBMP-CHX, SB-CHX and SE-CHX, respectively, associated with CHX. For all groups, a glass-fibre post was luted with a dual-cure resin cement, RelyX ARC. After 7-day storage, specimens were subjected to the push-out test. Failure modes were analysed under optical microscopy (40x). Bond strength values were statistically analysed by two-way anova and Bonferroni tests (P < 0.05). RESULTS: The effect of DBS was significant (P < 0.05), and SE reached higher bond strength in comparison with the other DBS tested. CHX association did not show improvement with any DBS (P > 0.05); rather, it negatively affected SE, which was detected for all thirds. There was no difference between thirds (P > 0.05), except for the SE-CHX, which presented lower values for the apical third (P < 0.05). Adhesive cement/dentine adhesive failure was predominant for all groups. CHX did not influence the failure mode for any DBS (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The performance of the dentine bonding systems was material dependent. CHX did not improve immediate bond strength; however, CHX negatively affected the bond strength of the self-etching system, especially in the third apical.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos Locais/química , Clorexidina/análogos & derivados , Colagem Dentária , Materiais Dentários/química , Cavidade Pulpar/ultraestrutura , Dentina/ultraestrutura , Vidro/química , Técnica para Retentor Intrarradicular/instrumentação , Condicionamento Ácido do Dente/métodos , Animais , Bis-Fenol A-Glicidil Metacrilato/química , Bovinos , Clorexidina/química , Cimentos Dentários/química , Análise do Estresse Dentário/instrumentação , Adesivos Dentinários/química , Polietilenoglicóis/química , Ácidos Polimetacrílicos/química , Distribuição Aleatória , Cimentos de Resina/química , Autocura de Resinas Dentárias , Estresse Mecânico , Fatores de Tempo , Ápice Dentário/ultraestruturaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the effect of an alkaline solution and two 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP)-based primer agents on bond strength to zirconia (yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconium polycrystal [Y-TZP]) through the shear bond strength (SBS) test. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty square-shaped Y-TZP samples were embedded in an acrylic resin mold, polished, and randomly assigned to one of six groups (n=10) according to treatment surface: group CR, no treatment (control); group NaOH, 0.5 M NaOH; group AP, Alloy Primer; group ZP, Z-Primer Plus; group NaOH-AP, 0.5 M NaOH + Alloy Primer; and group NaOH-ZP, 0.5 M NaOH + Z-Primer Plus. The resin cement (Rely X U100) was applied inside a matrix directly onto the Y-TZP surface, and it was light-cured for 40 seconds. The samples were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours prior to the test, which was performed in a universal machine at a crosshead-speed of 0.5 mm/min. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests (p<0.05). Light stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to assess the surface topography and failure mode. RESULTS: The SBS was significantly affected by the chemical treatment (p<0.0001). The AP group displayed the best results, and the use of NaOH did not improve SBS results relative to either AP or ZP. The samples treated with Alloy Primer displayed mainly mixed failures, whereas those conditioned with Z-Primer Plus or with 0.5 M NaOH presented a balanced distribution of adhesive and mixed failure modes. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a NaOH solution may have modified the reactivity of the Y-TZP surface, whereas the employment of a MDP/6-4-vinylbenzyl-n-propyl amino-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-dithione-based primer enhanced the Y-TZP bond strength.
Assuntos
Álcalis/química , Materiais Dentários/química , Metacrilatos/química , Cimentos de Resina/química , Ítrio/química , Zircônio/química , Compostos Inorgânicos de Carbono/química , Polimento Dentário/métodos , Análise do Estresse Dentário/instrumentação , Humanos , Cura Luminosa de Adesivos Dentários/métodos , Teste de Materiais , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Resistência ao Cisalhamento , Compostos de Silício/química , Hidróxido de Sódio/química , Estresse Mecânico , Propriedades de Superfície , Temperatura , Tionas/química , Fatores de Tempo , Triazinas/química , Água/químicaRESUMO
The control of viral infections, mainly those caused by influenza viruses, is of great interest in Public Health. Several studies have shown the presence of active properties in the hemolymph of arthropods, some of which are of interest for the development of new pharmacological drugs. Recently, we have demonstrated the existence of a potent antiviral property in the hemolymph of Lonomia obliqua caterpillars. The aim of this study was to produce an antiviral protein in a baculovirus/Sf9 cell system. The resulting bacmid contains the sequence coding for the antiviral protein previously described by our group. Total RNA from L. obliqua caterpillars was extracted with Trizol and used in the reverse transcription assay with oligo(d)T primer followed by polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) with specific primers for the cDNA coding for the antiviral protein, based on the sequence deposited in the GenBank database. Restriction sites were inserted in the cDNA for ligation in the donor plasmid pFastBac1™. The recombinant plasmid was selected in Escherichia coli DH5α and subsequently used in the transformation of E. coli DH10Bac for the construction of the recombinant bacmid. This bacmid was used for the expression of the antiviral protein in the baculovirus/Sf9 cell system. After identifying the protein by western blot, activity tests were performed, showing that the purified recombinant protein was able to significantly reduce viral replication (about 4 logs). Studies on the optimization of the expression system for the production of this antiviral protein in insect cells are in progress.
Assuntos
Antivirais/farmacologia , Produtos Biológicos/farmacologia , Hemolinfa/química , Hemolinfa/imunologia , Proteínas de Insetos/biossíntese , Proteínas de Insetos/farmacologia , Lepidópteros/imunologia , Animais , Antivirais/isolamento & purificação , Baculoviridae/genética , Produtos Biológicos/isolamento & purificação , Linhagem Celular , Clonagem Molecular , Escherichia coli/genética , Expressão Gênica , Vetores Genéticos , Proteínas de Insetos/genética , Lepidópteros/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacologiaRESUMO
Gangliosides have been extensively described to be involved in the proliferation and differentiation of various cell types, such including hematopoietic cells. Our previous studies on murine models of stroma-mediated myelopoiesis have shown that gangliosides are required for optimal capacity of stromal cells to support proliferation of myeloid precursor cells, being shed to the supernatant and selectively incorporated into myeloid cell membranes. Here we describe the effect of gangliosides on the specific granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-induced proliferation. For that, we used the monocytic FDC-P1 cell line, which is dependent upon GM-CSF for survival and proliferation. Cells were cultured in the presence of GM-CSF and exogenous gangliosides (GM3, GD1a or GM1) or in the absence of endogenous ganglioside synthesis by the use of a ceramide-synthase inhibitor, D-PDMP. We observed that exogenous addition of GD1a enhanced the GM-CSF-induced proliferation of the FDC-P1 cells. Also, we detected an increase in the expression of the α isoform of the GM-CSF receptor (GMRα) as well as of the transcription factor C/EBPα. On the contrary, inhibition of glucosylceramide synthesis was accompanied by a decrease in cell proliferation, which was restored upon the addition of exogenous GD1a. We also show a co-localization of GD1a and GMR by immunocytochemistry. Taken together, our results suggest for the first time that ganglioside GD1a play a role on the modulation of GM-CSF-mediated proliferative response, which might be of great interest not only in hematopoiesis, but also in other immunological processes, Alzheimer disease, alveolar proteinosis and wherever GM-CSF exerts its effects.
Assuntos
Gangliosídeos/farmacologia , Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Granulócitos e Macrófagos/farmacologia , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Membrana Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Densitometria , Imunofluorescência , Gangliosídeo G(M3)/farmacologia , Gangliosídeos/biossíntese , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Microscopia Confocal , Morfolinas/farmacologia , Isoformas de Proteínas/genética , Isoformas de Proteínas/metabolismo , Receptores de Fator Estimulador das Colônias de Granulócitos e Macrófagos/genética , Receptores de Fator Estimulador das Colônias de Granulócitos e Macrófagos/metabolismo , Solubilidade/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
PURPOSE: Breast cancer is one of the major health problems of the Western world. Although the survival rate has improved with progress in screening and adjuvant systemic therapies, one-third of the patients with initial breast tumor have recurrence of the disease 10 years after the diagnosis, demonstrating the presence of micrometastasis. The underlying molecular mechanism of the disease needs to be better understood. Allied to genomics, proteomics technologies promise to be valuable for identifying new markers that improve screening, early diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of therapeutic response or toxicity, as well as the identification of new therapeutic targets. In this review, we present features of proteomic technology and its main implications, focusing on the protein profile in tumor tissues/cells through MALDI/SELDI, as well as on the current proteomic challenges in the breast cancer study. METHODS: We performed a research of protein profiling studies using mass spectrometry in breast cancer to identify potential biomarkers. RESULTS: Many protein peaks have been reported to bear significant diagnostic, prognostic or predictive value; however, the candidate biomarkers have not been validated for use in clinical patient care. CONCLUSIONS: Proteomics is under development and, despite technical barriers that precede the use of proteomics analysis in clinical practice and breast cancer complexity, MALDI-TOF/SELDI-TOF MS proteomic platforms with their innovations are powerful analytical tools for the detection of better protein biomarkers, since the studies are conducted with adequate statistical power and analytical rigor. In the near future, they will be able to fulfill their role in personalized medicine.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/química , Proteínas de Neoplasias/análise , Proteômica/métodos , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Eletroforese em Gel Bidimensional , Feminino , Humanos , Prognóstico , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por MatrizRESUMO
Herein we compared the biological activities of Bothrops insularis and Bothrops jararaca venoms as well as their neutralization by polyspecific Bothrops antivenom (PBA). On account of that, we investigated their antigenic cross-reactivity and the neutralization of lethal, myotoxic and defibrinating activities by polyspecific and species-specific antivenoms. Silver-stained SDS-PAGE gels evidenced many common bands particularly above 47 kDa between B. jararaca and B. insularis venoms. However, some protein bands between 46 and 28 kDa were observed exclusively in B. jararaca venom. Both venoms presented gelatinolytic, caseinolytic, fibrinogenolytic and phospholipase A(2) activities. No hyaluronidase activity was detected in both venoms by zymography. Polyspecific and species-specific antivenoms showed similar titers to B. jararaca and B. insularis venoms by ELISA, and recognized similar components by immunoblotting. The PBA was effective in neutralizing the lethal, myotoxic and defibrinating activities of both venoms as well as to abrogate microcirculatory disturbances induced by B. insularis venom. No statistically significant difference was observed for minimal hemorrhagic doses between both venoms. Antigenic cross-reactivity was evident between both venoms. Since toxic and enzymatic activities were similar, we speculate that B. insularis venoms can induce a local damage in humans comparable to that observed in other Bothrops venoms. Besides, the PBA was effective in neutralizing the toxic activities of B. insularis venom.
Assuntos
Antivenenos/farmacologia , Bothrops , Venenos de Crotalídeos/antagonistas & inibidores , Venenos de Crotalídeos/química , Animais , Western Blotting , Venenos de Crotalídeos/enzimologia , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Masculino , Camundongos , Microcirculação/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Natural infection of armadillos with Coccidioides immitis was studied in the state of Piauí, northeast of Brazil, endemic for coccidioidomycosis. In 1998, 26 nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) were captured in 4 different counties. The animals were sacrificed under deep anesthesia with ether. At necropsy fragments of spleen, liver, lungs and heart were homogenized and seeded onto Sabouraud dextrose agar with and without cycloheximide (BBL, USA). Part of each organ was also processed for histological examination. Suspected colonies of filamentous fungi observed after the second week of incubation at room temperature, exhibiting barrel-shaped arthroconidia alternating with empty spaces, were inoculated intraperitoneally into mice. Three armadillos proved to be infected with C. immitis. Mice inoculated with suspected colonies obtained from homogenized spleen of three and liver of two armadillos developed disseminated coccidioidomycosis and immature and mature spherules of C. immitis were disclosed in several organs. For the first time armadillos (D. novemcinctus) were found naturally infected with C. immitis, adding new data on the ecology and on a possible role of these ancestral mammals in the evolutionary life cycle of this fungus.
Assuntos
Tatus/microbiologia , Coccidioides/isolamento & purificação , Coccidioidomicose/veterinária , Doenças Endêmicas/veterinária , Animais , Brasil , Coccidioidomicose/epidemiologia , Coccidioidomicose/microbiologia , Coração/microbiologia , Histocitoquímica/veterinária , Fígado/microbiologia , Fígado/patologia , Pulmão/microbiologia , Pulmão/patologia , Camundongos , Baço/microbiologia , Baço/patologiaRESUMO
The pain is a frequent symptom during the postoperative period and results in suffering and unnecessary risks for the patient. Studies show the inadequate pain relief after surgery and the relationship with erroneous assessment and non-acquaintance about analgesics methods. The article discuss the postoperative pain management which includes the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, opioids, cognitive-behavior interventions and high-tech like epidural catheter and patient-controlled analgesia systems. Besides the adequate pain control includes the discussion about ethical and economic aspects.
Assuntos
Dor Pós-Operatória/terapia , Humanos , Dor Pós-Operatória/fisiopatologia , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios/éticaRESUMO
The work overload, relationship and communication problems, institution's characteristics and ambiental pollution were the stressing organization agents with the greatest punctuation in this study composed by 30 nurses. The work planning, work humanization, suitable human resources, improving communication and continued education were the suggestions given by nurses to minimize these stressing organizational agents. Analysing the stressing extra organizational agents, economic and familiar problems, work distance and transportation to work, were the most pointed.
Assuntos
Educação de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem , Exposição Ocupacional/prevenção & controle , Estresse Psicológico/prevenção & controle , Adulto , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
This paper is report of an experience, while graduation student during the Psychiatric Nursing Discipline, where I accompanied a patient carrier of Bipolar Disorder of fasting changing. The nurse-patient interaction is very important because it is through a good relationship that we a trust entail, capable to help the patient in the two different phases, with plans of individualized cares. I comment the depressives and maniacs behaviors of the patient in this study and the therapeutic techniques used in each phase. My feelings during the interaction were analyzed front to the behaviors presented by the patient.
Assuntos
Transtorno Bipolar/enfermagem , Relações Enfermeiro-Paciente , Estudantes de Enfermagem/psicologia , Transtorno Bipolar/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Cuidados de Enfermagem , Enfermagem PsiquiátricaRESUMO
Caring the patient with Hickman-Broviac catheter: a case study. The authors make a short literature review about the Hickman-Broviac catheter and after they analyse and comment about the nursing staff's knowledge and patient's self care related to this catheter.