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Stroke represents one of the main causes of death and disability in the world; despite this, pharmacological therapies against stroke remain insufficient. Ischemic stroke is the leading etiology of stroke. Different molecular mechanisms, such as excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation, participate in cell death and tissue damage. At a preclinical level, different garlic compounds have been evaluated against these mechanisms. Additionally, there is evidence supporting the participation of garlic compounds in other mechanisms that contribute to brain tissue recovery, such as neuroplasticity. After ischemia, neuroplasticity is activated to recover cognitive and motor function. Some garlic-derived compounds and preparations have shown the ability to promote neuroplasticity under physiological conditions and, more importantly, in cerebral damage models. This work describes damage/repair mechanisms and the importance of garlic as a source of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents against damage. Moreover, we examine the less-explored neurotrophic properties of garlic, culminating in proposals and observations based on our review of the available information. The aim of the present study is to propose that garlic compounds and preparations could contribute to the treatment of ischemic stroke through their neurotrophic effects.
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A molecularly imprinted polymer was synthesized and characterized to be used as solid-phase extraction sorbent for simultaneous chlorpyrifos and diazinon and their oxon derivatives. Several imprinted polymers were prepared and evaluated in a retention study of these analytes compared with a non-printed polymer. Several parameters affecting the extraction of imprinted polymer such as washing solvent, composition and volume of the eluting solvent and sample volume, were also investigated. Under the optimum conditions, the developed method provided satisfactory limits of detection ranging between 0.07 µg L-1 to 0.12 µg L-1 and the material showed an excellent reusability (> 50 reuses). The method was applied to the extraction and preconcentration of these analytes in water samples. The average recoveries ranged from 79 ± 6 to 104 ± 3 %.
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Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Impressão Molecular , Praguicidas/análise , Clorpirifos/análise , Clorpirifos/isolamento & purificação , Diazinon/análise , Diazinon/isolamento & purificação , Água Doce/análise , Limite de Detecção , Praguicidas/isolamento & purificação , Polímeros/química , Extração em Fase Sólida , Espectrofotometria UltravioletaRESUMO
The global challenges caused by socio-economic inequalities, climate change and environmental damage caused to ecosystems, require changes in human behavior at all organizational levels, including companies, governments, communities, and individuals. In this context, it is important to analyse how social and creative companies that work in the fashion and industrial design recycling sector can address sustainable social change. In this paper, we propose an analysis in the countries of the global South. To learn how grassroots innovations can contribute to the development of sustainable strategies, we perform the framework of Technical transitions. We analyze the three main areas of activity that constitute an effective niche construction: social networks, expectations and visions, and learning. A qualitative methodology is used, a video case study with six grassroots organizations in South Africa, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and Brazil. The results reflect the important role played by these grassroots innovations, contributing to the development of social and creative recycling companies that address socio-economic and environmental problems.
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Indústrias/tendências , Reciclagem , Mudança Social , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Brasil , Ecossistema , Humanos , Malásia , África do Sul , Sri LankaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Acute respiratory infections are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in older adults and patients with chronic diseases. Among the responsible etiological agents are human respiratory viruses, such as: respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus and metapneumovirus. OBJECTIVE: To carry out a differential diagnostic study of respiratory viruses circulating and co-circulating in an adult population. METHODS: A pilot study was conducted in patients older than 18 years, who presented signs and symptoms suggestive of acute respiratory infection and whose clinical picture did not exceed 15 days of evolution; end-point polymerase chain reaction assays were performed with the use of specific oligonucleotides for molecular diagnosis. RESULTS: 72 specimens of patients with an age of 51.33 ± 19.33 years, with a predominance of females (4.5:1); original inhabitants of Mexico City; only 22 were positive for respiratory viruses, being mostly metapneumovirus infections. CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge of the circulating viral strains in the population will allow to determine changes that can declare an epidemiological alert leading to the best decision making for the benefit of the patients.
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Metapneumovirus/isolamento & purificação , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/métodos , Vírus Sincicial Respiratório Humano/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , Respirovirus/isolamento & purificação , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Coleta de Dados , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Projetos Piloto , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Acute respiratory infections are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in older adults and patients with chronic diseases. Among the responsible etiological agents are human respiratory viruses, such as: respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus and metapneumovirus. OBJECTIVE: To carry out a differential diagnostic study of respiratory viruses circulating and co-circulating in an adult population. METHODS: A pilot study was conducted in patients older than 18 years, who presented signs and symptoms suggestive of acute respiratory infection and whose clinical picture did not exceed 15 days of evolution; end-point polymerase chain reaction assays were performed with the use of specific oligonucleotides for molecular diagnosis. RESULTS: 72 specimens of patients with an age of 51.33 ± 19.33 years, with a predominance of females (4.5:1); original inhabitants of Mexico City; only 22 were positive for respiratory viruses, being mostly metapneumovirus infections. CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge of the circulating viral strains in the population will allow to determine changes that can declare an epidemiological alert leading to the best decision making for the benefit of the patients.
INTRODUCCIÓN: Las infecciones respiratorias agudas son una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad en adultos mayores y pacientes con enfermedades crónicas. Dentro de los agentes etiológicos responsables se encuentran los virus respiratorios humanos, tales como: virus sincitial respiratorio, virus parainfluenza y metapneumovirus. OBJETIVO: Realizar un estudio de diagnóstico diferencial de virus respiratorios que circulan y cocirculan en una población adulta. MÉTODO: Se realizó un estudio tipo piloto en pacientes mayores de 18 años, que presentaron signos y síntomas sugestivos de infección respiratoria aguda y cuyo cuadro clínico no sobrepasara los 15 días de evolución; se realizaron ensayos de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa de punto final con el uso de oligonucleótidos específicos para el diagnóstico molecular. RESULTADOS: Se tipificaron 72 especímenes de pacientes con una edad de 51.33 ± 19.33 años, con predominio del sexo femenino (4.5:1); originarios en su totalidad de la Ciudad de México; solo 22 fueron positivos para virus respiratorios, siendo en su mayoría infecciones por metapneumovirus. CONCLUSIONES: El conocimiento de las cepas virales circulantes en la población permitirá determinar cambios que puedan declarar una alerta epidemiológica llevando a la mejor toma de decisiones en beneficio de los pacientes.
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Infecções Respiratórias/diagnóstico , Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , Doença Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular , Projetos Piloto , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Este artigo trata da adaptação transcultural para o português do Cuestionario de Investigación sobre Prácticas Sexuales de Hombres que Practican Sexo con Hombres - CIPRASEX HSH. O instrumento parte da Teoria do Comportamento Planejado, apresentando como dimensões: fator atitudinal, norma subjetiva e controle comportamental, associados ao não uso de preservativos de HSH. A adaptação envolveu quatro fases: tradução e tradução reversa do questionário; avaliação por juízes e público-alvo; estudo piloto com 20 participantes; elaboração da versão brasileira. Constatou-se boa equivalência conceitual e semântica entre a versão final em português e o original, bem como caráter inovador do instrumento no contexto brasileiro. O CIPRASEX HSH poderá auxiliar no desenvolvimento de intervenções específicas no âmbito da saúde e prevenção do HIV.
This article deals with the cross-cultural adaptation to Portuguese of the Cuestionario de Investigación sobre Prácticas Sexuales de Hombres que Practican Sexo con Hombres - CIPRASEX MSM. Instrument based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, introduces as dimensions: attitudinal factor, subjective norm and behavior control, associated with the no use of condoms of MSM. The adaptation involved four phases: survey translation and reverse translation; judegs and target public evaluation; pilot study with 20 participants; elaboration of the Brazilian version. There is good semantics and conceptual equivalence between the Portuguese version and the original one, and the innovative profile of the instrument in the Brazilian context. CIPRASEX MSM may assist in the development of specific interventions in health and HIV prevention.
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RESUMEN Por lo general, los schwannomas del sistema nervioso central se originan en los nervios periféricos dentro de una estructura venosa. Son extremadamente raros y la literatura carece de publicaciones al respecto. Presentamos el reporte del 1er caso de schwannoma dentro de la vena cava inferior y que invade, a través de esta, la aurícula y ventrículo derecho. En el servicio de Cirugía Cardiovascular del Hospital Saturnino Lora, de Santiago de Cuba, se presentó una mujer de 50 años, con antecedentes de salud y síntomas progresivos de insuficiencia cardíaca derecha. La paciente fue intervenida quirúrgicamente con circulación extracorpórea y una evolución satisfactoria. Este tipo de lesiones deberán de ser abordadas por un personal calificado, con un amplio conocimiento de las técnicas de cirugía y de la anatomía vascular.
ABSTRACT Usually, a central nervous system schwannomas originates in the peripheral nerves inside a venous structure. They are extremely rare and there is a lack of literature or publications about it. We present the first case report of a schwannoma inside the inferior cava vein, invading the atrium and right ventricle, at the Cardiovascular Surgery Service of "Saturnino Lora" Hospital, in Santiago de Cuba. It was presented in a 50-year-old woman, with a health history of right heart failure progressive symptoms. The patient underwent surgery with extracorporeal circulation and a satisfactory evolution. This type of injuries should be managed by trained personnel, with extensive knowledge of surgical techniques and vascular anatomy.
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We piloted a health navigation strategy to promote timely linkage to care among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TW) recently diagnosed with HIV in Guatemala City. We used a mixed-methods approach, integrating quantitative data collected during clinic visits and qualitative data from in-depth interviews, to characterize acceptability of navigation and time to linkage, defined as having the first clinical care visit. Out of 54 participants who enrolled in the pilot (n = 52 MSM; n = 2 TW), 50 (92.6%) accepted navigation and all were linked to care. Median time to linkage was 3 days (Interquartile Range 2-5 days). In qualitative interviews, participants expressed feeling scared and alone following their diagnosis and appreciated the support of a navigator, especially when they did not feel they could access their existing support networks. Future research and evaluation should continue to assess how to best use health navigation to support key populations recently diagnosed with HIV.
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Continuidade da Assistência ao Paciente , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Homossexualidade Masculina/psicologia , Navegação de Pacientes , Transexualidade/psicologia , Adulto , Feminino , Guatemala/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Masculino , Projetos Piloto , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero , Pessoas Transgênero/psicologiaRESUMO
Resumen Introducción: Las infecciones respiratorias agudas son una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad en adultos mayores y pacientes con enfermedades crónicas. Dentro de los agentes etiológicos responsables se encuentran los virus respiratorios humanos, tales como: virus sincitial respiratorio, virus parainfluenza y metapneumovirus. Objetivo: Realizar un estudio de diagnóstico diferencial de virus respiratorios que circulan y cocirculan en una población adulta. Método: Se realizó un estudio tipo piloto en pacientes mayores de 18 años, que presentaron signos y síntomas sugestivos de infección respiratoria aguda y cuyo cuadro clínico no sobrepasara los 15 días de evolución; se realizaron ensayos de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa de punto final con el uso de oligonucleótidos específicos para el diagnóstico molecular. Resultados: Se tipificaron 72 especímenes de pacientes con una edad de 51.33 ± 19.33 años, con predominio del sexo femenino (4.5:1); originarios en su totalidad de la Ciudad de México; solo 22 fueron positivos para virus respiratorios, siendo en su mayoría infecciones por metapneumovirus. Conclusiones: El conocimiento de las cepas virales circulantes en la población permitirá determinar cambios que puedan declarar una alerta epidemiológica llevando a la mejor toma de decisiones en beneficio de los pacientes.
Abstract Introduction: Acute respiratory infections are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in older adults and patients with chronic diseases. Among the responsible etiological agents are human respiratory viruses, such as: respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus and metapneumovirus. Objective: To carry out a differential diagnostic study of respiratory viruses circulating and co-circulating in an adult population. Methods: A pilot study was conducted in patients older than 18 years, who presented signs and symptoms suggestive of acute respiratory infection and whose clinical picture did not exceed 15 days of evolution; end-point polymerase chain reaction assays were performed with the use of specific oligonucleotides for molecular diagnosis. Results: 72 specimens of patients with an age of 51.33 ± 19.33 years, with a predominance of females (4.5:1); original inhabitants of Mexico City; only 22 were positive for respiratory viruses, being mostly metapneumovirus infections. Conclusions: The knowledge of the circulating viral strains in the population will allow to determine changes that can declare an epidemiological alert leading to the best decision making for the benefit of the patients.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto Jovem , Infecções Respiratórias/diagnóstico , Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , Projetos Piloto , Doença Aguda , Estudos Transversais , Técnicas de Diagnóstico MolecularRESUMO
The key feature in correlations established by multi-party quantum entangled states is nonlocality. A quantity to measure the average nonlocality, distinguishing it from shared randomness and in a direct relation with no-signaling stochastic processes (which provide an operational interpretation of quantum correlations, without involving information transmission between the parties as to sustain causality), is proposed and resolved exhaustively for the quantum correlations established by a Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt setup (or CHSH box). The amount of nonlocality that is available in a CHSH box is measured by its proximity to the nearest Popescu-Rohrlich set of causal stochastic processes (aka a PR box) in the no-signaling polytope, related by polyhedral duality to Bell's correlation function. The proposed amount of average nonlocality is an entanglement monotone with a simple relation to concurrence. We provide the optimal setup vectors of a maximally nonlocal CHSH box for any entangled pair. The strongest nonlocality is the fraction [Formula: see text] of a PR box, attained by maximally entangled qubit pairs. The most economical causal stochastic process reproducing any maximally nonlocal CHSH box is developed. Data produced by a computer implementation of the simulator agrees with the quantum mechanical formulas.
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A chiral capillary monolithic column for enantiomer separation in capillary electrochromatography was prepared by coating cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) on porous glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate monolith in capillary format grafted with chains of [2(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride. The surface modification of the monolith by the photografting of [2(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride monomer as well as the coating conditions of cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) onto the grafted monolithic scaffold were optimized to obtain a stable and reproducible chiral stationary phase for capillary electrochromatography. The effect of organic modifier (acetonitrile) in aqueous mobile phase for the enantiomer separation by capillary electrochromatography was also investigated. Several pairs of enantiomers including acidic, neutral, and basic analytes were tested and most of them were partially or completely resolved under aqueous mobile phases. The prepared monolithic chiral stationary phases exhibited a good stability, repeatability, and column-to-column reproducibility, with relative standard deviations below 11% in the studied electrochromatographic parameters.
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Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal de 51 pacientes portadores de prótesis valvulares, ingresados en el Cardiocentro del Hospital Provincial Docente Clinicoquirúrgico Saturnino Lora Torres de Santiago de Cuba por presentar trombosis valvular o episodios hemorrágicos, desde enero del 2012 hasta diciembre del 2014, a fin de estimar las variaciones en los valores de la Razón Normalizada Internacional y su asociación con estos eventos. Se aplicó la prueba de Ji al cuadrado. Preponderaron los afectados con trombosis valvular (60,4 por ciento) y Razón Normalizada Internacional menor de 2,5; mientras que esta última en las hemorragias fue superior a 3,5. Aquellos con más de un factor de riesgo asociado presentaron mayor cantidad de episodios trombóticos; eventos que tuvieron menor incidencia cuando se integraron warfarina y aspirina al tratamiento
An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study of 51 patients with valve prosthesis was carried out. They were admitted to the Cardiology Center of Saturnino Lora Torres Teaching Clinical Surgical Provincial Hospital due to valve thrombosis or bleeding episodes, from January, 2012 to December, 2014, with the purpose of estimating the variations in the International Standard Ratio values and their association with these events. The chi-square test was carried out. Those patients affected with valve thrombosis (60.4 percent) and International Standard Ratio under 2.5 were predominant; while the latter in bleedings was over 3.5. The patients with more than one associated risk factor presented higher quantity of thrombosis episodes; events that had less incidence when warfarin and aspirin were included in the treatment
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/complicações , Trombose Coronária , Razão de Chances , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , Estudo Observacional , AnticoagulantesRESUMO
Introducción: El sistema cráneo-cervico- mandibular necesita de factores genéticos, ambientales y funcionales para su desarro- llo. La ausencia de estímulos funcionales genera alteración en el crecimiento y mal oclusiones. Objetivo: Evaluar los cambios en las di- mensiones de los arcos en pacientes con dentición primaria y mordida profunda entre 3 y 5 años, como resultado del trata - miento temprano con ortopedia funcional. Materiales y Métodos: Muestra de 20 niños, entre 3 y 5 años de edad, con denti - ción decidua completa, mordida profunda, arcos estrechos y relación molar con plano terminal recto o escalón distal, que acudie - ron a la Universidad del Valle. Se midió en modelos en yeso: Longitud, ancho interca - nino, ancho intermolar, perímetro, overbite y overjet. Posteriormente a todos los pa- cientes se les colocaron pistas directas de Planas elaboradas de forma indirecta, se les realizó desgaste selectivo y reorientación masticatoria. Pasados 6 meses de tratamien - to se realizaron las segundas mediciones. Resultados: En promedio el Overbite inicial de los participantes fue de 87,95%. Se encontró que el Overbite final de los pacientes fue en promedio del 25%. Se encontró diferencias entre los dos tiempos de medición para todas las variables, aun- que para el perímetro superior no fueron estadísticamente significativas. La longitud superior y el ancho intermolar tuvieron el mayor porcentaje de cambio. Conclusiones: Las pistas directas de Planas contribuyen a cambios significativos en las dimensiones de los arcos dentales, cuando se implementa como tratamiento temprano para la mordida profunda y/o distoclusión en la dentición decidua...(Au)
Introduction: The skull cervico mandibu - lar system needs of genetic, environmental and functional factors for development. The absence of funcionals stimuli gene - rate change in growth and malocclusions. Objective: To evaluate the changes in the dimensions of the archs in patients with primary dentition and deep bite between 3 and 5 years, as a result of early treatment with functional orthopedic. Materials and Methods: Sample 20 chil- dren, between 3 and 5 years old, with com- plete primary dentition, deep bite, narrow arches, molar ratio straight terminal plane or distal step, who attended the Universi- dad del Valle. It was measured in plaster casts: Length, width intercanine, intermo - lar width, perimeter, overbite and overjet. Subsequently all patients were placed Pla- nas direct Tracks elaborate indirectly, He underwent selective grinding and chewing orientation. After 6 months of treatment the second measurements were made. Results: The average initial overbite of the participants was 87.95%. It was found that the final overbite of patients was in average 25%. Differences between the two measurement times for all variables was found, although the upper perimeter were not statistically significant. The upper length and width intermolar had the highest percentage of change. Conclusions: Direct Planas tracks con - tributing to significant changes in the dimensions of the dental arches, when it implemented as early treatment for deep bite and/or distoclusion in the primary dentition.
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Odontologia , Má Oclusão , Arco Dental , Maxila , Ortopedia , OdontopediatriaRESUMO
The present study describes the phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of the essential oils of three Piperaceae species collected in the central region of Cuba. The essential oils of Piper aduncum, P. auritum and P. umbellatum leaves, obtained by hydrodistillation, were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main components of P. aduncum oil were piperitone (34%), camphor (17.1%), camphene (10.9%), 1,8-cineol (8.7%) and viridiflorol (7.4%), whereas that of P. auritum and P. umbellatum was safrole (71.8 and 26.4%, respectively). The antioxidant properties of the essential oils were also evaluated using several assays for radical scavenging ability (DPPH test and reducing power) and inhibition of lipid oxidation (ferric thiocyanate method and evaluation against Cucurbita seed oil by peroxide, thiobarbituric acid and p-anisidine methods). P. auritum showed the strongest antioxidant activity among the Piper species investigated, but lower than those of butylated hydroxyanisol and propyl gallate.
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Antioxidantes/análise , Óleos Voláteis/química , Piper/química , Cuba , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de MassasRESUMO
The essential oil of Murraya paniculata L leaves from the mountains of the Central Region of Cuba, obtained by hydrodistillation, was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Eighteen compounds, accounting for 95.1% of the oil were identified. The major component was beta-caryophyllene (ca. 30%). The antioxidant activity of essential oil was evaluated against Cucurbita seed oil by peroxide, thiobarbituric acid and p-anisidine methods. The essential oil showed stronger antioxidant activity than that of butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene, but lower than that of propyl gallate. Moreover, this antioxidant activity was supported by the complementary antioxidant assay in the linoleic acid system and 2, 2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. The essential oil also showed good to moderate inhibitory effects against Klebsiellapneumoniae and Bacillus subtilis.
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Anti-Infecciosos/análise , Antioxidantes/análise , Murraya/química , Óleos Voláteis/química , Cuba , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Óleos Voláteis/isolamento & purificação , Folhas de Planta/químicaRESUMO
La esternotomía media es la vía de acceso más frecuentemente utilizada en la cirugía cardiovascular, lo cual convierte a la mediastinitis en una complicación no tan frecuente como peligrosa para la vida del paciente. A tales efectos se realizó un estudio descriptivo sobre los resultados de la introducción del colgajo de epiplón en 15 pacientes con sepsis mediastínica, tratados por medio de esa técnica en el Cardiocentro de Santiago de Cuba desde enero del 2000 hasta diciembre del 2010. En la casuística predominaron los hombres, el diagnóstico fue eminentemente clínico y entre los gérmenes aislados con mayor frecuencia figuraron los estafilococos, seguidos de los gramnegativos. Las complicaciones más comunes resultaron ser la sepsis de la herida y el íleo paralitico. Se logró una disminución de la estadía en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, de las complicaciones en general y de la mortalidad (20 porciento) en contraste con las técnicas utilizadas habitualmente en estos casos. Las causas de muerte no se relacionaron con el fallo del procedimiento ni con la reaparición de la infección.
Median sternotomy is the most frequently used approach in cardiovascular surgery; mediastinitis hence becomes a complication not as frequent as dangerous for the patient's life. Thus, a descriptive study on the results of the omentum flap introduction was conducted in 15 patients with mediastinal sepsis treated by means of this technique at the Heart Center of Santiago de Cuba from January 2000 to December 2010. Male sex prevailed in our cases, the diagnosis was primarily clinical and among isolates staphylococci were the most frequent pathogens, followed by Gram-negative organisms. The most common complications were wound sepsis and paralytic ileus. A reduction of stay at the Intensive Care Unit, of complications in general, and mortality were achieved (20 percent) in contrast to the techniques commonly used in these cases. The causes of death were not related to the failure of the procedure or recurrence of the infection.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Mediastino , Omento , Alta do Paciente , Infecções Cutâneas Estafilocócicas , Retalhos Cirúrgicos , Infecção dos Ferimentos , Epidemiologia DescritivaRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Explorar la adecuación de modelo de la teoría del comportamiento planificado (TCP) para el análisis de la conducta sexual de riesgo en el colectivo "hombres que tienen sexo con hombres" (HSH) con el objetivo de proponer un modelo alternativo que mejore su comprensión. MÉTODOS: Análisis cualitativo de entrevistas semiestructuradas individuales y de grupos nominales realizadas con 45 HSH que durante los últimos 12 meses mantuvieron relaciones sexuales de riesgo (penetración anal insertiva o receptiva sin utilizar preservativo). Para el manejo de los datos se realizó un análisis del discurso mediante el "método comparativo constante" realizado en dos fases: a) identificación de variables de la TCP y de inadecuaciones entre esta teoría y las declaraciones de los informadores, y b) propuesta de un modelo psicosocial alternativo coherente con los resultados. RESULTADOS: Se confirmó una adecuación general de la TCP, su modificación en aspectos puntuales y la incorporación de nuevas variables que, en posteriores investigaciones, podrían ser incluidas para verificar cuantitativamente su potencial incremento de la capacidad predictiva y/o explicativa del modelo para la conducta sexual de riesgo en HSH. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados obtenidos parecen indicar la importancia de poner a prueba los postulados matemáticos del modelo TCP. Se estableció un equilibrio estable entre la validación de la TCP, sugiriéndose posibles modificaciones en aspectos puntuales que, en posteriores investigaciones, podrían ser incluidas para verificar su potencial incremento de la capacidad explicativa del modelo para la conducta sexual de riesgo en HSH.
OBJECTIVE: Explore the appropriateness of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) model for analyzing risky sexual behavior in men who have sex with other men (MSM), with the object of proposing an alternative model that improves understanding. METHODS: Qualitative analysis of semi-structured individual and nominal group interviews conducted with 45 MSM who engaged in risky sexual behavior (insertive or receptive anal penetration without use of a condom) during the past 12 months. In order to manage the data, a discourse analysis using the constant comparative method was performed in two phases: a) identification of TPB variables and incongruities between this theory and the statements made by the informants, and b) proposal of an alternative psychosocial model that is consistent with the results. RESULTS: The overall appropriateness of the TPB was confirmed, with changes in specific aspects and the introduction of new variables that could be included in subsequent research in order to quantitatively verify the potential increase in the predictive and/or explanatory capacity of the model for risky sexual behavior in MSM. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained appear to indicate the importance of testing the mathematical assumptions of the TPB model. A stable balance was established between validation of the TPB and suggesting possible changes in specific aspects that could be included in subsequent research to confirm the potential increase in the explanatory capacity of the model for risky sexual behavior in MSM.
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Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Homossexualidade Masculina/psicologia , Modelos Psicológicos , Sexo sem Proteção/psicologia , Alcoolismo/epidemiologia , Mecanismos de Defesa , Intenção , Entrevista Psicológica , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Controle de Qualidade , Fatores de Risco , Parceiros Sexuais , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/prevenção & controle , Espanha/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Sexo sem Proteção/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), followed by multivariate treatment of the spectral data, was used to classify seed oils of the genus Cucurbita (pumpkins) according to their species as C. maxima, C. pepo, and C. moschata. Also, C. moschata seed oils were classified according to their genetic variety as RG, Inivit C-88, and Inivit C-2000. Up to 23 wavelength regions were selected on the spectra, each region corresponding to a peak or shoulder. The normalized absorbance peak areas within these regions were used as predictors. Using linear discriminant analysis (LDA), an excellent resolution among all categories concerning both Cucurbita species and C. moschata varieties was achieved. The proposed method was straightforward and quick and can be easily implemented. Quality control of pumpkin seed oils is important because Cucurbita species and genetic variety are both related to the pharmaceutical properties of the oils.
Assuntos
Cucurbita/embriologia , Óleos de Plantas/classificação , Sementes/química , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier/métodos , Cucurbita/genética , Análise DiscriminanteAssuntos
Comportamento Sexual , Homossexualidade , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Sexualidade , Fatores de Risco , Sexo Seguro , Modelos Psicológicos , Espanha , Comportamento Sexual , Homossexualidade , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Sexualidade , Fatores de Risco , Sexo Seguro , Modelos Psicológicos , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Espanha , Modelos Psicológicos , Alcoolismo , Mecanismos de Defesa , Entrevista Psicológica , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Controle de Qualidade , Parceiros Sexuais , Espanha , Homossexualidade Masculina , Sexo sem Proteção , Intenção , Fatores de Risco , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de SubstânciasRESUMO
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), followed by multivariate treatment of the spectral data, was used to classify extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs) according to their genetic variety. EVOO samples corresponding to seven different genetic varieties (Arbequina, Borriolenca, Canetera, Farga, Hojiblanca, Picual, and Serrana) were analyzed. The wavelength scale of the FTIR spectra of the oils was divided into 20 regions. The normalized absorbance peak areas within these regions were used as predictor variables. Classification of the EVOO samples according to their genetic variety was achieved by linear discriminant analysis (LDA). A good resolution among all categories was achieved using a LDA model constructed with only nine predictor variables. With this LDA model, 88% of the EVOOs were correctly classified, with assignment probabilities higher than 95%. This method is helpful for olive oil producers because it provides useful information related to the genetic variety of EVOOs, which is required by European Community regulations.