Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Vasculite , Diálise Renal , Anticorpos Anticitoplasma de NeutrófilosRESUMO
Introducción: La asociación de colistín e injuria renal aguda ha mostrado resultados muy diversos en diferentes estudios desde la reintroducción de esta droga en la práctica habitual. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo y observacional de pacientes que recibieron tratamiento con colistín por al menos 48 horas en una Unidad de Cuidados Críticos (UCI). Resultados: Ingresaron al estudio 104 pacientes, de los cuales 47% (49) desarrollaron injuria renal aguda asociada a colistín (IRA-C). Estos pacientes fueron agrupados según la clasificación RIFLE en: pacientes con Riesgo (10); pacientes con Injuria (13); pacientes con Falla renal (26). Requirieron hemodiálisis 6 pacientes. El score de Charlson y la presencia de shock se asociaron al desarrollo de IRA-C. No se asociaron al desarrollo de IRA-C la edad, APACHE, creatininemia basal, ni dosis acumulada de colistín. La IRA-C se asoció a mayor mortalidad intrahospitalaria (p=0.003). Conclusión: La IRA-C es una entidad frecuente, y que se asocia a mayor mortalidad intrahospitalaria. La implementación de estrategias de nefroprotección en pacientes que reciban colistín, y el desarrollo de nuevos antibióticos con menor toxicidad, podrán mejorar la evolución de estos pacientes.
Background: The association of colistin and acute kidney injury has shown different results in several studies since the reintroduction of this drug in the common practice. Methods: A prospective and observational study of patients that received treatment with colistin for at least 48 hours in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) was performed. Results: 104 patients participated in the study, of which 47 % (49) developed acute kidney injury associated to colistin (AKI-C). These patients were grouped according to the RIFLE classification: patients with Risk (10); patients with Injury (13); patients with kidney Failure (26). 6 patients required hemodialysis. The Charlson's score and the presence of shock were associated to the development of AKI-C. Neither age, APACHE, basal serum creatinine nor accumulated doses of colestin were associated to the development of AKI-C. The AKI-C was associated to a greater in-hospital mortality (p=0.003). Conclusion: The AKI-C is a frequent condition and its associated to a greater in-hospital mortality. The implementation of nephroprotection strategies in patients that receive colestin and the development of new antibiotics with less toxicity could improve the evolution of these patients.
Assuntos
Humanos , Colistina , Cuidados Críticos , Injúria Renal AgudaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2)-associated diseases are a major problem for the swine industry worldwide. In addition to improved management and husbandry practices, the availability of several anti-PCV2 vaccines provides an efficient immunological option for reducing the impact of these diseases. Most anti-PCV2 vaccines are marketed as injectable formulations. Although these are effective, there are problems associated with the use of injectable products, including laborious and time-consuming procedures, the induction of inflammatory responses at the injection site, and treatment-associated stress to the animals. Oral vaccines represent an improvement in antigen delivery technology; they overcome the problems associated with injection management and facilitate antigen boosting when an animals' immunity falls outside the protective window. METHODS: Chitosan microparticles were used as both a vehicle and mucosal adjuvant to deliver yeast-derived PCV2 virus-like particles (VLPs) in an attempt to develop an oral vaccine. The physical characteristics of the microparticles, including size, Zeta potential, and polydispersity, were examined along with the potential to induce PCV2-specific cellular immune responses in mice after oral delivery. RESULTS: Feeding mice with PCV2 VLP-loaded, positively-charged chitosan microparticles with an average size of 2.5 µm induced the proliferation of PCV2-specific splenic CD4+/CD8+ lymphocytes and the subsequent production of IFN-γ to levels comparable with those induced by an injectable commercial formulation. CONCLUSION: Chitosan microparticles appear to be a safe, simple system on which to base PCV2 oral vaccines. Oral chitosan-mediated antigen delivery is a novel strategy that efficiently induces anti-PCV2 cellular responses in a mouse model. Further studies in swine are warranted.