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Introducción: la neumonía lipoidea exógena es una enfermedad pulmonar inflamatoria poco común, desencadenada por la inhalación o aspiración de material graso de origen animal, vegetal o mineral. El diagnóstico se establece a través de confirmación histo-patológica, por la presencia de macrófagos cargados de lípidos en muestras respirato-rias, asociado a las características clínicas específicas al momento de su presentación.Requiere de un alto nivel de sospecha y una adecuada anamnesis de los antecedentes exposicionales del paciente debido a que muchos casos son subdiagnosticados y trat-ados como neumonía adquirida en la comunidad, lo que retrasa su diagnóstico y mane-jo, sumado a la ausencia de guías disponibles para su tratamiento.Se han reportado pocos casos de sobreinfección por tuberculosis en pacientes con neu-monía lipoidea exógena crónica. Caso clínico: femenino 33 años, con antecedentes de exposición crónica a sustancias desinfectantes de características aceitosas sin protección de vía aérea, con cuadro de tos y dolor torácico. Conclusión: el diagnóstico temprano, asociado a tratamiento de soporte, general-mente conservador, favorece la mejoría clínica y radiológica, y de esta manera dis-minuye la morbimortalidad. (AU)

Introduction: exogenous lipoid pneumonia is a rare inflammatory lung disease, trigge-red by inhalation or aspiration of fatty material of animal, vegetable or mineral origin. The diagnosis is established through histological confirmation by the presence of lipid-laden macrophages in respiratory samples, associated with the specific clinical charac-teristics at the time of presentation. It requires a high level of suspicion and an adequate anamnesis of the patient's expo-sure history, since many cases are underdiagnosed and treated as community-acquired pneumonia, what delays its diagnosis and management, added to the absence of avai-lable guidelines for its treatment. Few cases of tuberculosis superinfection have been reported in patients with exoge-nous lipoid pneumonia.Clinical case: 33-year-old female, with a history of chronic exposure to oily disinfectant substances without airway protection, with symptoms of cough and chest pain.Conclusion: early diagnosis, associated with supportive treatment, generally conser-vative, favors clinical and radiological improvement, thus reducing morbidity and mor-tality. (AU)

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Information about species distribution is important for conservation but the monitoring of populations can demand a high sampling effort with traditional methods (e.g., line transects, sound playback) that are poorly efficient for cryptic primates, such as the black lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysopygus). Here we investigated the effectiveness of passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) as an alternative method to identify the presence of vocalizing lion tamarins in the wild. We aimed to: (1) determine the maximum distance at which autonomous recorders (Song Meter 3) and Raven Pro acoustic software can respectively detect and identify lion tamarin long calls emitted by two captive subjects (ex situ study); and (2) determine the sampling effort required to confirm the presence of the species in the wild (in situ study). In captive settings, we recorded lion tamarin long calls with one to two autonomous recorders operating at increasing distances from the animals' enclosure (8-202 m). In a 515 ha forest fragment, we deployed 12 recorders in a grid, 300 m apart from each other, within the estimated 100 ha home range of one group, and let them record for 10 consecutive days, totaling 985 h. In the ex situ study, hand-browsing of spectrograms yielded 298 long calls emitted from 8 to 194 m, and Raven's Template Detector identified 54.6% of them, also emitted from 8 to 194 m. In the in situ study, we manually counted 1115 long calls, and the Raven's Template Detector identified 44.75% of them. Furthermore, the presence of lion tamarins was confirmed within 1 day using four randomly sorted recorders, whereas 5 days on average were necessary with only one device. While specific protocols still need to be developed to determine primate population size using this technology, we concluded that PAM is a promising tool when considering long term costs and benefits.

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Introducción: Mantener poblaciones de insectos depredadores en el agroecosistema ofreciéndoles presas y recursos alimenticios provenientes de las plantas es importante para mejorar el control biológico y contribuir con la conservación. Objetivo: Determinar si el consumo de presas y recursos alimenticios florales potencia los atributos biológicos del depredado Hippodamia convergens. Métodos: Las larvas de Hippodamia convergens fueron alimentadas con dos especies de áfidos, mientras que los adultos fueron alimentados con áfidos, espigas de maíz y dos especies de plantas no cultivadas. La presencia de azúcar en el intestino del depredador se comprobó mediante la prueba de antronas frías, y la presencia de polen mediante el método de acetólisis. Los experimentos demográficos se realizaron durante los primeros 40 días después de la emergencia de la hembra bajo condiciones controladas (25 °C ± 0.5; 75 % ± 1.75 HR; L12:D12). Resultados: H. convergens no consumió fructosa de Sorghum halepense, Parthenium hysterophorus o Zea mays, sino únicamente polen. En condiciones controladas (25 °C ± 0.5, 75 % ± 1.75 HR), el tiempo de desarrollo (huevo-adulto) del depredador fue más corto (21.36 días) cuando consumió Rhopalosiphum maidis en lugar de Uroleucon nigrotibium (24.6 días), mientras que la supervivencia (L1- adulto) y la proporción sexual no cambió. La fecundidad promedio fue mayor (55.5 huevos / 40 días) al consumir U. nigrotibium con polen de P. hysterophorus, que solo U. nigrotibium (22.5 huevos / 40 días), o R. maidis con polen de Zea mays (11 huevos / 40 días). La tasa intrínseca de crecimiento natural fue mayor al consumir U. nigrotibium con polen de P. hysterophorus (0.055), que U. nigrotibium (0.034) o R. maidis con polen de Z. mays (0.019). La tasa de depredación (L1-L5) fue mayor al consumir R. maidis (0.65) que U. nigrotibium (0.51). Conclusiones: Las especies de áfidos y su combinación con polen de plantas no cultivadas afectan de manera diferente el tiempo de desarrollo, reproducción y tasa de depredación de H. convergens.

Introduction: Keeping populations of predatory insects in the agroecosystem by offering them prey, as well as food resources from plants, is important for enhancing conservation biological control. Objective: To determine if the consumption of prey and floral food resources enhances the biological attributes of the predator Hippodamia convergens. Methods: We fed the beetle larvae two species of aphids; and the adults were fed aphids, maize tassels, and two non-cultivated plant species. We checked gut sugar in the predator by the cold anthrone test and pollen presence by the acetolysis method. Demographic experiments were done in the first 40 days after female emergence, under controlled conditions (25 °C ± 0.5; 75 % ± 1.75 Relative Humidity; Light 12 h: Darkness 12 h). Results: H. convergens did not consume fructose, but only pollen from Sorghum halepense, Parthenium hysterophorus or Zea mays. Developmental time (egg-adult) of the predator was shorter (21.4 days) when it consumed Rhopalosiphum maidis than Uroleucon nigrotibium (24.6 days); survival (L1-adult) and sex ratio did not change. Average fecundity was higher (55.5 eggs / 40 days) when consuming U. nigrotibium with pollen from P. hysterophorus, than U. nigrotibium (22.5 eggs / 40 days) or R. maidis with pollen from Zea mays (11 eggs / 40 days). The intrinsic rate of natural growth was higher when consuming U. nigrotibium with pollen from P. hysterophorus (0.055), than U. nigrotibium (0.034) or R. maidis with pollen from Z. mays (0.019). Predation rate (L1-L5) was higher when consuming R. maidis (0.65) than U. nigrotibium (0.51). Conclusions: Aphid prey species and its combination with pollen from maize and non-cultivated plants affected development time, reproduction, and predation rate of H. convergens.

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Advertisement calls constitute the main acoustic signals emitted by frogs during reproductive seasons and are considered species-specific. Currently, many studies explore the advertisement calls in this group, including descriptions, taxonomy status, influence of social and ecological aspects, character displacement and plasticity. Although some patterns are detected in several anuran species, the possible intra and interpopulation variation is not well established for the group. Furthermore, new approaches have been proposed to standardize studies in the area and contribute to the description and interpretation of anuran calls, highlighting the urgency of a literature review. We aimed to review and update the advertisement calls of 18 anurans species from the megadiverse Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil. We analyzed 1612 advertisement calls from 175 males of 18 anuran species recorded in ten communities between September 2018 and March 2019. We reviewed the information available in 23 scientific papers and describe each advertisement call based on recent papers. Our results include the definition of sound type for all species recorded, providing temporal and spectral parameters for each species along different localities, including intra and interpopulation variations. We provide new information on the frequency range (minimum and maximum frequencies) for eight species. A new description of the advertisement and territorial call of Boana bandeirantes is also provided based on our fieldwork observations. We emphasize that many species present interpopulation variance throughout their distribution in the megadiverse Atlantic Forest. We hope this information will contribute to future research on amphibian anuran bioacoustics and natural history.

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One of the most important resources for reproduction in frogs is the acoustic space since the advertisement call, which is mostly used to attract females, may suffer interference when the acoustic space is widely filled. Other important resources are calling sites and adequate climatic conditions. We analyzed herein three dimensions of the acoustic niche of anurans (advertisement calls, calling period, and calling sites). We recorded 11 calling species of frogs in a tropical community. Species richness was negatively related to temperature, and daily activity was positively related to humidity. We also observed a greater niche overlap than expected by chance in calling periods. These results indicate that the climatic conditions should act as an environmental filter, synchronizing the calling period. The calling site was not shared among species, and no clear pattern of substrate use was observed. Regarding the acoustic dimension, we observe a phylogenetic signal in the dominant frequency of advertisement calls. Hierarchical cluster analysis also indicated a congruence between acoustic distances and phylogenetic relationships. Therefore, the dominant frequency of advertisement calls was constrained by phylogenetic relationships, indicating that it affects the partitioning and use of acoustic resources, an important dimension in reproductive activity in anurans.

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The need for effective candidates as cytotoxic drugs that at the same time challenge cancer multidrug resistance encouraged a search for these in plants of central Argentina. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the cytotoxic extract from Dimerostemma aspilioides led to the isolation of the germacranolide tomenphantin A (1), along with three new analogues (2-4). These efficiently inhibited the proliferation of the leukemia cell lines K562 and CCRF-CEM and their resistant variants, Lucena 1 and CEM/ADR5000, respectively, with IC50 values ranging from 0.40 to 7.7 µM. The structures and relative configurations of compounds 1-4 were elucidated by analysis of the spectroscopic data, in particular NMR spectroscopy. The most active among these was compound 1 (IC50 = 0.40-5.1 µM), and, therefore, this was selected as a model for a mechanistic study, which revealed that its antiproliferative effect was mediated by cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase followed by apoptosis. The activity of compound 1 was selective, given the absence of cytotoxicity toward peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The results show the potential of these compounds, and in particular of compound 1, as leads for the development of drug candidates to fight sensitive and resistant leukemia cells.

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Yellow passionfruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa O. Deg.) is a tropical fruit crop that is meeting increasing demand both in local and international markets in South America. The lance fly, Dasiops inedulis (Diptera: Lonchaeidae), affects P. edulis floral buds and flowers, and is thought to cause important yield losses in this crop. In Colombia, D. inedulis are commonly controlled through calendar-based applications of chemically synthesized insecticides, and no scientific criteria exist to guide pest management. In the present study, we simulated D. inedulis injury to passionfruit plants, over the course of three production cycles. We assessed the effect of seven different categories of flower bud removal (from 0% to 79.9%) on passionfruit yield and fruit quality parameters. Removal rates above 20% caused a significant reduction in the number of flowers, while yield levels were lowest at 50-79.9% bud removal. With increasing rates of flower bud removal, we observed higher initial production of buds and lower levels of natural abortion of floral and fruiting structures. For the three consecutive harvests, maximum yield levels were 7.57±5.51 kg (mean±SD; with 0-9.9% damage), and minimum yield was 2.37±2.15 kg (60-69.9% damage) per plant. For fruit quality parameters, D. inedulis injury did not affect fruit pulp weight or the content of soluble solids (Brix). Our work provides insights into the impact of D. inedulis on yellow passionfruit production, and constitutes a basis for future integrated pest management programs for this pest.

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The Dipteran Prodiplosis longifila is a severe pest, mainly of Solanaceae, in South America and some years ago it damaged Tahiti lime crops in the United States. It is a potential invasive pest. Despite its presence in Colombia, nothing is known regarding the taxonomic identification of P. longifila or the characteristics of the damage it produces. Moreover, the current and potential distributions of this pest are unknown. To determine these factors, P. longifila was sampled in several Solanaceae- and Citrus (x) latifolia (Tahiti lime)-producing areas in Colombia. The larvae consumed tender foliage, flowers and fruits in tomato, fruits in sweet pepper, and buds in Tahiti lime. P. longifila was not found in asparagus or in potatoes. Its presence in Tahiti lime was previously unknown in Colombia. Adults recovered in the laboratory were taxonomically identified using male morphological characteristics such as the shapes of the genitalia, antenna and wing. P. longifila was found in the Andean region of Colombia. The ecological niche model for populations found in tomato suggests that P. longifila is limited in its distribution by altitude and variables associated with temperature and precipitation. The highest probability of occurrence is in areas where tomato, sweet pepper and the new host, Tahiti lime, are grown. Therefore, it is necessary to implement preventive measures, such as planting tomato materials free of P. longifila larvae, in areas where the pest is not yet present but where there is the potential for its development.

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Vaccine development for Plasmodium vivax malaria is underway. A model to assess the protective efficacy of vaccine candidates in humans is urgently needed. Given the lack of continuous P. vivax cultures, we developed a system to infect Anopheles albimanus mosquitoes using blood from P. vivax-infected patients and determined parameters for challenge of malaria-naive volunteers by mosquito bite. Absence of co-infections in parasitized blood was confirmed by tests consistent with blood bank screening. A total of 119 experiments were conducted using batches of 900-4,500 mosquitoes fed by an artificial membrane feeding method. Optimal conditions for mosquito probing and infection were determined. Presence of oocyst and sporozoites were assessed on Days 7-8 and 14-15, respectively, and conditions to choose batches of infected mosquitoes for sporozoite challenge were established. Procedures to infect volunteers took a 2-hour period including verification of inoculum dose. Anopheles albimanus mosquitoes represent a valuable resource for P. vivax sporozoite challenge of volunteers.

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A non-human primate model for the induction of protective immunity against the pre-erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium vivax malaria using radiation-attenuated P. vivax sporozoites may help to characterize protective immune mechanisms and identify novel malaria vaccine candidates. Immune responses and protective efficacy induced by vaccination with irradiated P. vivax sporozoites were evaluated in malaria-naive Aotus monkeys. Three groups of six monkeys received two, five, or ten intravenous inoculations, respectively, of 100,000 irradiated P. vivax sporozoites; control groups received either 10 doses of uninfected salivary gland extract or no inoculations. Immunization resulted in the production low levels of antibodies that specifically recognized P. vivax sporozoites and the circumsporozoite protein. Additionally, immunization induced low levels of antigen-specific IFN-γ responses. Intravenous challenge with viable sporozoites resulted in partial protection in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that the Aotus monkey model may be able to play a role in preclinical development of P. vivax pre-erythrocytic stage vaccines.

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Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) are a group of linoleic acid isomers that are naturally found in food products originating from ruminants (meat and dairy). These acids have received special attention in recent years due to their potential human health benefits. Research efforts have been proposed to increase the CLA content in beef to improve public health. However, because there are more than 30 million beef cattle used each year by the American food industry, it will be necessary to ensure their content in a large number of samples. Therefore, it is important to have an inexpensive and rapid analytical method to measure CLA content in food products. Because gas chromatography (GC), a current popular method for measuring CLAs, is slow, this paper describes a nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H NMR) method that is potentially >10 times faster than the GC method. Analyses show a correlation coefficient of 0.97, indicating the capacity of NMR to quantify the CLA content in beef samples. Furthermore, the method proposed herein is simple and does not require sophisticated sample preparation.

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Successful establishment of a Plasmodium vivax sporozoite challenge model in humans is described. Eighteen healthy adult, malaria-naïve volunteers were randomly allocated to Groups A-C and exposed to 3 +/- 1, 6 +/- 1, and 9 +/- 1 bites of Anopheles albimanus mosquitoes infected with P. vivax, respectively. Seventeen volunteers developed signs and symptoms consistent with malaria, and geometric mean prepatent periods of 11.1 days (9.3-11) for Group A; 10.8 days (9.8-11.9) for Group B; and 10.6 days (8.7-12.4) for Group C, with no statistically significant difference among groups (Kruskal-Wallis, P = 0.70). One volunteer exposed to eight mosquito bites did not develop a parasitemia. No differences in parasite density were observed and all individuals successfully recovered after anti-malarial treatment. None of the volunteers developed parasite relapses within an 18-month follow-up. In conclusion, malaria-naive volunteers can be safely and reproducibly infected with bites of 2-10 An. albimanus mosquitoes carrying P. vivax sporozoites. This challenge method is suitable for vaccine and anti-malarial drug testing.

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Life-history parameters of the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), an important pest of bean crops in Colombia, were determined in environmental control chambers on two dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars (cv.). Trialeurodes vaporariorum longevity on cv. Chocho decreased as temperature increased from 22.6 d at 19 degrees C to 5.9 d at 26 degrees C. Fecundity was significantly lower at 19 degrees C (8.6 eggs/female), as compared to 22 degrees C (32.6 eggs/female) and 26 degrees C (33.3 eggs/female) on cv. Chocho. Fecundity on cv. ICA-Pijao was much higher (127.2 eggs/female) than on cv. Chocho (32.6 eggs/female) at 19 degrees C. The intrinsic rate of population increase (r m) was highest at 22 degrees C (0.061), intermediate at 19 degrees C (0.044) and lowest at 26 degrees C (0.035) on cv. Chocho, and was 0.072 on cv. ICA-Pijao at 19 degrees C. Life history parameters of T. vaporariorum are compared to those of one of its natural enemies, the parasitoid Amitus fuscipennis MacGown & Nebeker. Finally, data are presented on the distribution of the parasitoid related to the altitude for the Valle del Cauca, Colombia.

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Life-history parameters of the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), an important pest of bean crops in Colombia, were determined in environmental control chambers on two dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars (cv.). Trialeurodes vaporariorum longevity on cv. Chocho decreased as temperature increased from 22.6 d at 19ºC to 5.9 d at 26ºC. Fecundity was significantly lower at 19ºC (8.6 eggs/female), as compared to 22ºC (32.6 eggs/female) and 26ºC (33.3 eggs/female) on cv. Chocho. Fecundity on cv. ICA-Pijao was much higher (127.2 eggs/female) than on cv. Chocho (32.6 eggs/female) at 19ºC. The intrinsic rate of population increase (r m) was highest at 22ºC (0.061), intermediate at 19ºC (0.044) and lowest at 26ºC (0.035) on cv. Chocho, and was 0.072 on cv. ICA-Pijao at 19ºC. Life history parameters of T. vaporariorum are compared to those of one of its natural enemies, the parasitoid Amitus fuscipennis MacGown & Nebeker. Finally, data are presented on the distribution of the parasitoid related to the altitude for the Valle del Cauca, Colombia.

Se determinaron los estadísticos vitales de la mosca blanca Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), una plaga importante del cultivo del fríjol en Colombia, en cámara ambiental en dos cultivares (cv.) de fríjol. La longevidad media de T. vaporariorum en el cv. Chocho fue mayor a 19ºC (22.6 d), intermedia a 22ºC (17.5 d) y menor a 26ºC (5.9 d). En el cv. ICA-Pijao la longevidad media fue de 35.5 d a 19ºC. La fecundidad media total fue 8.6, 32.6 y 33.3 huevos por hembra a 19, 22 y 26ºC, respectivamente en el cv. Chocho. La fecundidad en el cv ICA-Pijao fue mucho más alta, 127. 2 huevos por hembra, a 19ºC, que la del cv. Chocho. La tasa intrínseca de crecimiento poblacional (r m) fue más alta a 22ºC (0.061), intermedia a 19ºC (0.044) y más baja a 26ºC (0.035) en el cv. Chocho. Ella fue de 0.072 a 19ºC en el cv. ICA-Pijao. Se comparan los estadísticos vitales de T. vaporariorum con los de su enemigo natural, el parasitoide Amitus fuscipennis MacGown & Nebeker y se zonifica la distribución del parasitoide en el Valle del Cauca, Colombia.

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Para conocer las opiniones del personal de salud respecto del suicidio asistido por médicos, se realizó una encuesta de opinión anónima y confidencial, tipo Likert, en un hospital privado del Distrito Federal. La población en la que se llevó acabo constó de 99 personas, de las cuales 33 son médicos, 33 son enfermeras y 33 son estudiantes de Medicina. El manejo estadístico tuvo una distribución de dos colas de ji-cuadrado, con la determinación del coeficiente de error de Pearson. El resultado principal de la encuesta muestra una diferencia significativa entre las poblaciones de estudiantes, médicos y enfermeras respecto de la aplicación del suicidio asistido por razón de calidad de vida, al que favorecen estas últimas. En las conclusiones se apunta la necesidad de impulsar el manejo de cuidados paliativos a fin de aumentar la calidad de vida de los pacientes y con ello disminuir la demanda de eutanasia. Se señala que ella es antiética, según todos los códigos deontológico mundiales, e ilegal en la mayoría de los países del mundo.

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A eutanásia, morte provocada, sem dor ou sofrimento, apresenta enfoques diferentes em casos humanos e animais. Nosegundo caso, além de permitida, a eutanásia é indicada e regulamentada. Após presenciarem a eutanásia de um exemplarde onça-pintada (Panthera onca) em um zoológico, estudantes dos cursos de graduação em Medicina Veterinária e CiênciasBiológicas expressaram suas opiniões sobre diferentes motivações de eutanásia. Os resultados mostram que quando aquestão é a eutanásia piedosa, os estudantes dos dois cursos são favoráveis à prática, apresentando opiniões iguais. Omesmo não acontece quando questionados sobre eutanásia sanitária ou eutanásia para manejo. Nestes casos, os estudantesde Medicina Veterinária mostraram-se mais favoráveis que os de Ciências Biológicas. Essas posições foram discutidas à luzdos códigos de ética dos profissionais envolvidos na pesquisa.

Euthanasia is defined as the act or practice of causing death painlessly and presents different perspectives in human andanimal cases. In the second case, besides being allowed, euthanasia is indicated and regulated. After witnessing the euthanasiaof a jaguar (Panthera onca) in a zoo, students of veterinary medicine and biological sciences expressed their opinions aboutdifferent euthanasia motivations. The results show that when the subject is the merciful euthanasia, the students of the twocourses are favorable to the practice, presenting the same opinions. The same doesn’t happen when questioned on sanitaryeuthanasia or euthanasia for handling. In these cases the veterinary students were more favorable than the biological sciencesones. These positions were discussed under the scope of both professionals’ ethics codes.

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Resistance-conferring mutations in dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) in Plasmodium falciparum are selected by treatment with sulfadoxine pyrimethamine (SP). We assessed the association between these mutations and transmission capacity of parasites to Anopheles mosquitoes on the Pacific coast of Colombia. Patients with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria received SP treatment and were followed-up to compare the prevalence of DHFR and DHPS mutations before and after SP treatment. Membrane feeding assays were used to measure infectivity to mosquitoes of post-treatment gametocytes with and without these mutations. Per-protocol treatment efficacy was 95.0% (132 of 139). Gametocytes carrying resistance-conferring mutations were selected after SP treatment and were infective to mosquitoes. Seven days after treatment, infections with two DHFR mutations had a 10-fold higher probability of infecting mosquitoes than infections with no DHFR mutations (odds ratio = 10.23, P < 0.05). Low-level drug resistance mutations have the potential to enhance transmission of P. falciparum and spread resistant parasites.

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Artificial membrane feeding (AMF) assays are used to determine malaria transmission-blocking activity in Anopheles. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the most widely used anticoagulants, EDTA and heparin, on development of the Plasmodium vivax sporogonic cycle. Blood samples collected from 60 patients carrying P. vivax infections were used to feed An. albimanus using AMF. Seven days after feeding, mosquitoes were dissected to assess mosquito infection. Mosquitoes fed with blood containing EDTA showed a lower mean oocyst number as compared with those fed blood with heparin. However, this effect was minimized upon reduction of EDTA concentrations in the serum. This result may be explained by the fact that microgametocytes require Ca(2+), Mn(2+), and Mg(+2) to activate enzymes important for exflagellation process and for motility of ookinetes. We therefore recommend that heparin be used as the anticoagulant of choice for blood used in AMF assays.

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Neste trabalho foram utilizados seis animais (Rattus norvegicus com 90 dias de idade) divididos em dois grupos: GC (grupo controle) e GE (grupo experimental). Os animais do GC receberam ração com teor protéico de 26% e os do GE ração com 4% de proteínas. Após 90 dias de experimento, os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia, à retirada do íleo e a processos histológicos corados por Hematoxilina e Eosina (HE), quando se avaliaram os efeitos da desnutrição protéica severa (4%) sobre ratos Wistar adultos (Rattus norvegicus) nos seguintes parâmetros: peso corporal; parede total do íleo; túnica mucosa; túnica muscular; altura do enterócito; diâmetro maior nuclear. A análise histomorfométrica da parede total do íleo dos ratos adultos desnutridos evidenciou que houve uma redução estatisticamente significante no grupo experimental em relação ao grupo controle. Ou seja: a parede intestinal alterou-se como um todo, especialmente na espessura da túnica mucosa, muscular, altura do enterócito e diâmetro maior de seu núcleo, permitindo-se concluir que a desnutrição protéica afeta tecidos de alta e baixa renovação celular presente no íleo(AU)

Six animals (Rattus norvegicus - 90 days of age) were divided into two groups: CG (Control Group) and EG (Experimental Group) were used in this study. The animals in the CG received 26%-protein chow and the EG received 4%- protein chow. 90 days later, the animals were submitted to euthanasia, remotion of their ileum for histological processes, and Hematoxylin and Eosin staining (HE). The effects of severe protein undernutrition (4%) on Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) regarding the following parameters were assessed: body weight, total wall thickness of the ileum, tunica mucosa, muscle tunic, enterocyte height, and higher nuclear diameter. The histomorphometric analysis of the total wall of the ileum of undernourished adult rats evidenced that there was a statistically significant reduction for the experimental group in relation to the control group. The intestinal wall suffered atrophy demonstrating that protein undernourishment affected all the tissues at the ileum(AU)

En esta investigación fueron utilizados seis animales (Rattus norvegicus con 90 días de edad) divididos en dos grupos: GC (grupo control) y GE (Grupo experimental). Los animales del GC recibieron ración con contenido proteico de 26% y los del GE ración con 4% de proteínas. Tras 90 días de experimento los animales fueron sometidos a eutanasia, remoción del íleo, procesos histológicos corados por Hematoxilina y Eosina (HE). Cuando se evaluaron los efectos de la desnutrición proteica severa (4%) sobre las ratas Wistar adultas (Rattus norvegicus) en los siguientes parámetros: peso corporal, pared total del íleo, túnica mucosa, túnica muscular, altura del enterocito y diámetro mayor nuclear. El análisis histomorfométrica de la pared total del íleo de las ratas adultas desnutridas evidenció que hubo una reducción estadísticamente significante em el grupo experimental en relación al grupo control. O sea: la pared intestinal se alteró como un todo, especialmente en La espesura de la túnica mucosa, muscular, altura del enterocito y diámetro mayor de su núcleo, permitiéndose concluir que La desnutrición proteica afecta tejidos de alta y baja renovación celular presente en el íleo(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

A eutanásia, morte provocada, sem dor ou sofrimento, apresenta enfoques diferentes em casos humanos e animais. Nosegundo caso, além de permitida, a eutanásia é indicada e regulamentada. Após presenciarem a eutanásia de um exemplarde onça-pintada (Panthera onca) em um zoológico, estudantes dos cursos de graduação em Medicina Veterinária e CiênciasBiológicas expressaram suas opiniões sobre diferentes motivações de eutanásia. Os resultados mostram que quando aquestão é a eutanásia piedosa, os estudantes dos dois cursos são favoráveis à prática, apresentando opiniões iguais. Omesmo não acontece quando questionados sobre eutanásia sanitária ou eutanásia para manejo. Nestes casos, os estudantesde Medicina Veterinária mostraram-se mais favoráveis que os de Ciências Biológicas. Essas posições foram discutidas à luzdos códigos de ética dos profissionais envolvidos na pesquisa.