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PURPOSE: This study aims to perform specific causal validation of nursing diagnosis Risk for thrombosis (00291) of the NANDA International (NANDA-I) classification. METHODS: This is a case-control study conducted in a university hospital from January to October 2020. A total of 516 adult patients were included-344 in the Case Group (with venous or arterial thrombosis evidenced by imaging) and 172 in the Control Group (without thrombosis). Statistical analysis was performed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression test, and odds ratios were calculated to measure the effect of exposure between groups. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. FINDINGS: The patients were predominantly female and aged 59 ± 16 years. In the univariate logistic analysis, five risk factors were significantly associated with thrombosis, two at-risk populations and 12 associated conditions. In the multivariate regression model, the following risk factors remained independently associated (p < 0.05): inadequate knowledge of modifiable factors (OR: 3.03; 95% CI: 1.25-8.56) and ineffective medication self-management (OR: 3.2; 95% CI:1.77-6.26); at-risk populations with history (OR: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.29-3.66) and family history of thrombosis (OR:2.60; 95% CI: 1.03-7.49); and the conditions associated with vascular diseases (OR:6.12; 95% CI:1.69-39.42), blood coagulation disorders (OR: 5.14; 95% CI:1.85-18.37), atherosclerosis (OR:2.07; 95% CI: 1.32-3.27), critical illness (OR: 2.28; 95% CI: 1.42-3.70), and immobility (OR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.10-4.12). CONCLUSIONS: The clinical validation allowed to establish strong evidence for the refinement of the diagnosis Risk for thrombosis and, consequently, to raise its level of evidence in the classification of NANDA-I. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: The evidence pointed out by this study favors the establishment of thrombosis diagnosis in an accurate way by nurses in clinical practice, directing preventive interventions to patients in this risk condition.

OBJETIVO: Realizar a validação causal específica do diagnóstico de enfermagem Risco de trombose (00291) da classificação diagnóstica da NANDA International, Inc. MÉTODOS: Estudo de caso-controle, realizado em hospital universitário entre janeiro e outubro de 2020. Foram incluídos 516 pacientes adultos - 344 no Grupo Caso (com trombose venosa ou arterial evidenciada em exame de imagem) e 172 no Grupo Controle (sem trombose). A análise estatística ocorreu por teste de regressão logística univariada e multivariada, e Odds ratios calculados para medir o efeito da exposição entre os grupos. O estudo foi aprovado em Comitê de Ética. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes foram predominantemente do sexo feminino e idade de 59±16 anos. Na análise logística univariada foi associado significativamente á trombose: cinco fatores de risco, duas populações em risco e 12 condições associadas. No modelo de regressão multivariada permaneceram independentemente associados (P<0,05) os fatores de risco conhecimento inadequado sobre os fatores modificáveis (OR:3,03; IC95%:1,25-8,56) e autogestão ineficaz de medicamentos (OR:3,24; IC95%:1,77-6,26); as populações em risco com história prévia (OR:2,16; IC95%:1,29-3,66) e história familiar de trombose (OR:2,60; IC95%:1,03-7,49); e as condições associadas a doenças vasculares (OR:6,12; IC95%:1,69-39,42), distúrbios de coagulaçõo (OR:5,14; IC95%:1,85-18,37),aterosclerose (OR:2,07; IC95%:1,32-3,27), doença crítica (OR:2,28; IC95%:1,42-3,70) e imobilidade (OR:2,09; IC95%:1,10-4,12). CONCLUSÕES: A validação clínica permitiu estabelecer fortes evidências para o refinamento do diagnóstico Risco de trombose e, consequentemente, elevar seu nível de evidência na classificação da NANDA-I. IMPLICAÇÕES PARA A PRÁTICA: As evidências apontadas pelo estudo favorecem o estabelecimento deste diagnóstico de forma acurada pelos enfermeiros na prática clínica, direcionando intervenções preventivas aos pacientes nesta condiçõo de risco.

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BACKGROUND: Patients admitted with acute decompensated heart failure (HF) are subject to developing worsening episodes that require more complex interventions. The Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE) risk model was developed in the United States to predict the risk of in-hospital worsening HF. OBJECTIVE: To use the ADHERE risk model in the assessment of risk of in-hospital worsening HF and to determine its sensitivity and specificity in hospitalized patients. METHODS: This cohort study was conducted at a Brazilian public university hospital, and data from 2013 to 2020 were retrospectively collected. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 890 patients with a mean age of 74 ± 8 years were included. The model showed that, in the group of 490 patients at risk, 254 (51.8%) developed in-hospital worsening HF. In the group of 400 patients not at risk, only 109 (27.2%) experienced worsening HF. The results demonstrated a statistically significant curve (area under the curve = 0.665; standard error = 0.018; P < 0.01; confidence interval = 0.609 to 0.701), indicating good accuracy. The model had a sensitivity of 69.9% and a specificity of 55.2%, with a positive predictive value of 52% and a negative predictive value of 72.7%. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort, we showed that the ADHERE risk model was able to discriminate patients who in fact developed worsening HF during the admission period, from those who did not.

FUNDAMENTO: Pacientes hospitalizados com insuficiência cardíaca (IC) aguda descompensada estão sujeitos a desenvolver episódios de piora que requerem intervenções mais complexas. O modelo de predição de risco "Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry" (ADHERE) foi desenvolvido nos Estados Unidos para prever o risco de piora intra-hospitalar da IC. OBJETIVO: Utilizar o modelo de predição de risco ADHERE para avaliar o risco de piora intra-hospitalar da IC e determinar a sua sensibilidade e especificidade em pacientes hospitalizados. MÉTODOS: O presente estudo de coorte foi realizado em um hospital universitário público brasileiro e os dados de 2013 a 2020 foram coletados retrospectivamente. Foram considerados estatisticamente significativos valores de p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 890 pacientes com idade média de 74 ± 8 anos. O modelo mostrou que no grupo de 490 pacientes de risco, 254 (51,8%) desenvolveram piora intra-hospitalar da IC. No grupo de 400 pacientes sem risco, apenas 109 (27,2%) apresentaram piora da IC. Os resultados demonstraram uma curva estatisticamente significativa (área sob a curva = 0,665; erro padrão = 0,018; p < 0,01; intervalo de confiança = 0,609 a 0,701), indicando boa precisão. O modelo apresentou sensibilidade de 69,9% e especificidade de 55,2%, com valor preditivo positivo de 52% e valor preditivo negativo de 72,7%. CONCLUSÕES: Na presente coorte, demonstramos que o modelo de predição de risco ADHERE foi capaz de discriminar pacientes que, de fato, desenvolveram piora da IC durante o período de internação daqueles que não desenvolveram.

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Savannas contribute to ca. 30 % of the total terrestrial net primary productivity and are responsible for significant carbon storage. Savannas in South America are mostly found within the Cerrado Domain, which is very threatened and presents remarkable carbon pools. Herein, we used a unique dataset of 21 Cerrado sites spanning 144 permanent field plots in Southeastern Brazil to assess the general patterns of above and belowground carbon stocks. We identified the main environmental and tree diversity drivers of aboveground wood carbon and productivity, belowground carbon stocks (roots and soil), carbon ratios (root:shoot and above:below) and total carbon stocks in the Cerrado through a combination of climatic estimates, fire frequency data, field measurements of vegetation, roots, soil carbon, nutrients and texture, and assessment of different components of diversity (species, functional and phylogenetic). Our findings reveal average aboveground, root, and soil carbon stocks of 20.4, 14.24, and 123.13 Mg.ha-1, respectively. Average Root:Shoot and Above:Below confirm the "inverted forest" concept with values of 1.58 and 0.21, respectively. Total carbon was 145.62 Mg.ha-1, reinforcing the great amount of carbon storage in the Cerrado and its role in the carbon cycle and dynamics. Tree diversity variables (mainly species diversity and functional composition variables) had more significant effects over aboveground variables, whereas environmental variables had more significant effects over belowground variables. Ratios and total carbon mixed up these effects. The impressive values of carbon storage, especially belowground, point out the need to better manage and protect the Cerrado. Moreover, our findings might be particularly relevant for discussions on restoration programs focused on the trees-for­carbon idea that do not consider species diversity and belowground carbon stocks.

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Understanding the seasonal patterns and influencing factors of nitrogen atmospheric deposition is essential to evaluate human impacts on the air quality and nitrogen biogeochemical cycle. However, evaluation of the nitrogen deposition flux, especially in South America agricultural regions, has not been fully investigated. In this paper, we quantified the atmospheric wet deposition fluxes of total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), in a region with agricultural and livestock predominance in the Southern Minas Gerais region, Brazil, from May 2018 to April 2019. Deposition fluxes of nitrogen species in the wet season (October-March) were on average 4.8-fold higher than those in the dry season, which revealed significant seasonal variations driven largely by the seasonality of rainfall and agricultural operations. We also found high NO3-/NH4+ ratios (average = 8.25), with higher values in dry season (NO3-/NH4+ = 12.8) in comparison with wet season (NO3-/NH4+ = 4.48), which revealed a higher relative contribution of NOx emissions from traffic sources in dry season. We also estimated the influence of atmospheric deposition of inorganic nitrogen (N-DIN) on environmental ecosystems, being 2.01 kgNha-1 year-1 with potential risk of acidification and eutrophication of 30%. Therefore, attention should be paid to the role of wet atmospheric deposition of nitrogen as a source of nitrogen environmental pollution in agricultural regions.

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BACKGROUND: Hemostasis control after percutaneous endovascular procedures through the femoral approach remains challenging for catheterization laboratory nurses, given method variability. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the available evidence on vascular devices efficacy dedicated to hemostasis control compared to the extrinsic compression after percutaneous procedures in the femoral vein or artery. METHODS: A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials was conducted. We compared different hemostasis methods in adult patients who underwent diagnostic and/or therapeutic procedures through femoral access. The databases searched were PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane CENTRAL, and updated on 03/2022. The outcomes included hematoma, pseudoaneurysm, bleeding, minor and major vascular complication, time to hemostasis, device failure, and manual compression repetition. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 1.0. Pooled effect sizes on continuous, categorical and proportion variables were estimated with the random effects model. The continuous variables were summarized as the difference between means weighted by the inverse of variance (WMD), and the categorical ones by the summary of relative risks (RR), estimated by the DerSimonian and Laird method. The Freeman-Tukey method was used to estimate the summary effect of proportions. RESULTS: Fifty articles were included in the systematic review. When compared to extrinsic compression, vascular closure devices resulted in a relative risk reduction (RRR) for hematoma: RR 0.82 [95%CI 0.72 to 0.94] and in shorter time to hemostasis WMD -15.06 min [95%CI -17.56 to -12.56]; no association was observed between interventions with vascular closure devices and extrinsic compression for pseudoaneurysm, bleeding, minor and major vascular complications. Compared to extrinsic compression, sealant or gel type devices were compatible with a RRR for hematoma: RR 0.73 [95%CI 0.59 to 0.90]; and metal clip or staple type devices for pseudoaneurysm: RR 0.48 [95%CI 0.25 to 0.90]; and major vascular complication: RR 0.33 [95%CI 0.17 to 0.64]. For each 100 observations, the device failure rate for metal clip or staple was 3.28% [95%CI 1.69 to 6.27]; for suture 6.84% [95%CI 4.93 to 9.41]; for collagen 3.15% [95%CI 2.24 to 4.41]; and for sealant or gel 7.22% [95% CI 5.49 to 9.45]. CONCLUSIONS: Vascular closure devices performed better in hemostasis control. The certainty of the evidence was rated as very low to moderate. REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42019140794.

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Resumo Fundamento Pacientes hospitalizados com insuficiência cardíaca (IC) aguda descompensada estão sujeitos a desenvolver episódios de piora que requerem intervenções mais complexas. O modelo de predição de risco "Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry" (ADHERE) foi desenvolvido nos Estados Unidos para prever o risco de piora intra-hospitalar da IC. Objetivo Utilizar o modelo de predição de risco ADHERE para avaliar o risco de piora intra-hospitalar da IC e determinar a sua sensibilidade e especificidade em pacientes hospitalizados. Métodos O presente estudo de coorte foi realizado em um hospital universitário público brasileiro e os dados de 2013 a 2020 foram coletados retrospectivamente. Foram considerados estatisticamente significativos valores de p < 0,05. Resultados Foram incluídos 890 pacientes com idade média de 74 ± 8 anos. O modelo mostrou que no grupo de 490 pacientes de risco, 254 (51,8%) desenvolveram piora intra-hospitalar da IC. No grupo de 400 pacientes sem risco, apenas 109 (27,2%) apresentaram piora da IC. Os resultados demonstraram uma curva estatisticamente significativa (área sob a curva = 0,665; erro padrão = 0,018; p < 0,01; intervalo de confiança = 0,609 a 0,701), indicando boa precisão. O modelo apresentou sensibilidade de 69,9% e especificidade de 55,2%, com valor preditivo positivo de 52% e valor preditivo negativo de 72,7%. Conclusões Na presente coorte, demonstramos que o modelo de predição de risco ADHERE foi capaz de discriminar pacientes que, de fato, desenvolveram piora da IC durante o período de internação daqueles que não desenvolveram.

Abstract Background Patients admitted with acute decompensated heart failure (HF) are subject to developing worsening episodes that require more complex interventions. The Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE) risk model was developed in the United States to predict the risk of in-hospital worsening HF. Objective To use the ADHERE risk model in the assessment of risk of in-hospital worsening HF and to determine its sensitivity and specificity in hospitalized patients. Methods This cohort study was conducted at a Brazilian public university hospital, and data from 2013 to 2020 were retrospectively collected. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results A total of 890 patients with a mean age of 74 ± 8 years were included. The model showed that, in the group of 490 patients at risk, 254 (51.8%) developed in-hospital worsening HF. In the group of 400 patients not at risk, only 109 (27.2%) experienced worsening HF. The results demonstrated a statistically significant curve (area under the curve = 0.665; standard error = 0.018; P < 0.01; confidence interval = 0.609 to 0.701), indicating good accuracy. The model had a sensitivity of 69.9% and a specificity of 55.2%, with a positive predictive value of 52% and a negative predictive value of 72.7%. Conclusions In this cohort, we showed that the ADHERE risk model was able to discriminate patients who in fact developed worsening HF during the admission period, from those who did not.

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OBJETIVO: analisar o conceito de trombose e identificar aplicações, atributos definidores, antecedentes, consequentes e referenciais empíricos. MÉTODO: análise de conceito, segundo Walker e Avant. RESULTADOS: os atributos definidores mais citados foram trombo (s), tríade de Virchow e comprometimento total/ parcial do fluxo sanguíneo. Os antecedentes mais frequentes foram câncer/uso de quimioterápicos, trombofilias e diabetes. Várias manifestações compuseram os consequentes, conforme o leito vascular comprometido. Os mais citados foram: acidente vascular cerebral ou acidente isquêmico transitório, infarto agudo do miocárdio e tromboembolismo pulmonar. Os referenciais empíricos se relacionaram a exames clínicos, testes de coagulação e escores de risco. A tomografia computadorizada foi o exame de imagem mais citado. CONCLUSÃO: a análise de conceito de trombose evidenciou o uso deste termo na literatura atual, bem como os atributos definidores, antecedentes, consequentes e referenciais empíricos. Este estudo agrega conhecimento à prática clínica de enfermeiros e pode contribuir com o refinamento dos sistemas de linguagens padronizadas.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the concept of thrombosis and identify its applications, defining attributes, antecedents, consequences, and empirical references. METHOD: a concept analysis was carried out using Walker and Avant's framework. RESULTS: the most cited defining attributes were thrombus, Virchow's triad, and total/partial impairment of blood flow. The most frequent antecedents were cancer/chemotherapy, thrombophilia, and diabetes. Several manifestations composed the consequences, according to the compromised vascular bed. The most cited were stroke or transient ischemic attack, acute myocardial infarction, and pulmonary thromboembolism. The empirical references were related to clinical examinations, coagulation tests, and risk scores. Computed tomography was the most cited imaging test. CONCLUSION: The analysis of the thrombosis concept showed the use of this term in the current literature, its defining attributes, antecedents, consequences, and empirical references. This study adds knowledge to nurses' clinical practice and can contribute to the refinement of standardized language systems.

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Healthcare-associated infections represent a public health problem, and they have repercussions for patient safety. The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the Rodríguez-Almeida-Cañon (RAC) adult infection risk scale, focusing on the construct and predictive validity and reliability. The study enrolled 278 patients at a large hospital in southern Brazil. The research process involved the following three phases: construct validation, assessing predictive validity, and assessing reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit using a two-factor model with 15 items. The logistic regression analysis showed an association between the scale score and prediction of developing healthcare-associated infections (odds ratio: 1.18; 95% confidence interval: 1.08-1.28). The Cronbach's alpha was 0.72 for intrinsic factors subscale and 0.71 for extrinsic factors subscale. A high level of inter-rater agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient ≥0.97) was found for both subscales. The Bland and Altman method showed narrow agreement limits, demonstrating good agreement between evaluators. The findings of this study showed that the RAC adult infection risk scale is a new, reliable, and psychometrically valid instrument to assess healthcare-associated infections risk. Future research using this scale may lead to a better understanding of the healthcare-associated infections risk and assist health professionals in decision-making for interventions to improve patient safety.

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Objetivo: Identificar diagnósticos e intervenções de enfermagem estabelecidos para pacientes tabagistas hospitalizados. Métodos: estudo transversal realizado em hospital universitário brasileiro entre agosto e setembro/2017 com entrevistas à beira do leito, consultas ao prontuário e query extraída do sistema informatizado da instituição. Resultados: participaram69 pacientes tabagistas, para os quais identificaram-se 41 diagnósticos de enfermagem distintos, com mediana de quatro (intervalo interquartil: 3;6) por paciente. As intervenções prescritas totalizaram 237, com mediana de 18,5 (intervalo interquartil: 10,5;28,25) por prescrição. Quatro pacientes possuíam diagnóstico com etiologia relacionada ao abuso de substância e para esses foram prescritas 17 intervenções de enfermagem. Em 33(48%) anamneses constava que o paciente era tabagista e, destes, nove(27%) havia o tempo de fumo e número de cigarros consumidos diariamente. Conclusão: a prevalência de tabagistas hospitalizados é expressiva, entretanto, as anamneses, os diagnósticos e intervenções de enfermagem não retratam esta realidade, havendo necessidade de sensibilizar e capacitar a equipe

Objetivo: Identificar diagnósticos e intervenciones de enfermería establecidos para los pacientes que fuman hospitalizados. Métodos: estudio transversal realizado em hospital universitario brasileño entre agosto y septiembre/2017 con entrevistas de cabecera e consultas em registros médicos del sistema computarizado de institución. Resultados: participaron 69 pacientes fumadores, para quienes se identificaron 41 diagnósticos de enfermería diferentes, con mediana de cuatro(rango intercuartil: 3;6) por paciente. Las intervenciones prescritas totalizaron 237, con mediana de 18.5(rango intercuartil: 10.5;28.25) por receta. Cuatro pacientes tuvieron diagnóstico con etiología relacionada con abuso de sustancias y se prescribieron 17 intervenciones de enfermería para estos. En 33(48%) anamnesas se informó que el paciente era fumador, de estos, nueve(13%) tenían el tiempo de fumar y cantidad de cigarrillos consumidos diariamente. Conclusión: la prevalencia de fumadores hospitalizados es significativa, sin embargo, las anamnesias, diagnósticos y intervenciones de enfermería no reflejan esta realidad, con la necesidad de crear conciencia y capacitar al equipo

Objective:To identify nursing diagnoses and interventions established for hospitalized smoking patients. Methods: cross-sectional study carried out in a Brazilian university hospital between August and September/2017 bybedside interviews, consultations on medical records and queries extracted from the institution's computerized system. Results: 69 smoking patients participated and 41 different nursing diagnoses were identified, with a median of four (interquartile range: 3;6) per patient. The prescribed interventions totaled 237, with a median of 18.5 (interquartile range: 10.5;28.25) per prescription. Four patients' diagnosis had etiology related to substance abuse and 17 nursing interventions were prescribed for these. In 33(48%) anamneses it was reported that the patient was a smoker and, of these, nine(13%) had the smoking time and number of cigarettes consumed daily. Conclusion: the prevalence of hospitalized smokers is significant, however, anamneses, diagnoses and nursing interventions don't portray this reality, with the need to raise awareness and train the team

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Introdução: As causas e a natureza das reações adversas a medicamentos são complexas e multifatoriais. O enfermeiro, diretamente envolvido com a administração segura de medicamentos, deve avaliar cada paciente, a fim de identificar fatores predisponentes e hipóteses diagnósticas, com ênfase em resultados e intervenções que mitiguem ou evitem reações adversas. Recentemente foi desenvolvido o diagnóstico de enfermagem Risco de reações adversas a medicamentos, contudo, critérios de nível de evidência mais elevados da NANDA-I incluem a validação clínica, que aproxima a teoria da evidência e certifica sua aplicação precisa. Objetivo: Realizar a validação clínica do diagnóstico de enfermagem Risco de reações adversas a medicamentos. Método: Estudo de caso-controle, conduzido no Centro de Pesquisa Clínica de um hospital público universitário, entre maio de 2019 e julho de 2020. Incluíram-se 288 adultos e crianças que participaram de protocolo de pesquisa com medicamentos, independente da fase e via de administração, com participação finalizada no estudo e registro de reação adversa com confirmação de relação de causa e efeito com o(s) medicamento(s) em estudo ou de ausência de relação. Excluíram-se participantes com informações incompletas ou ausentes que comprometessem os dados. A coleta de dados foi realizada no prontuário eletrônico, de modo que participantes com reações adversas foram alocados no grupo caso e participantes sem reações no grupo controle. Elaborou-se um instrumento contendo variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas, informações das reações adversas e 64 componentes do diagnóstico em estudo, divididos em fatores de risco, populações em risco e condições associadas. As associações entre os fatores predisponentes do diagnóstico foram realizadas pelo Teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson ou Teste Exato de Fisher, com valor de P bicaudal < 0,05 considerado estatisticamente significativo. Odds ratios foram calculados para medir o efeito da exposição entre os grupos caso e controle. Este projeto foi aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa sob Certificado de Apresentação de Apreciação Ética 88812718.0.0000.5327. Resultados: A média de idade dos participantes foi de 57±15 anos, predominantes do sexo masculino e com escolaridade até o ensino fundamental. A comorbidade com maior prevalência foi doença oncológica (50%) e quimioterápicos os medicamentos mais utilizados (42%). Participantes com reações adversas tiveram significativamente mais chances de apresentar os fatores de risco consumo de álcool (p=0,001), tabagismo (p=0,005) e uso inapropriado do medicamento (p=0,013); de estarem nas populações em risco residir em área rural (p<0,001), história de reação adversa ou alergia (p=0,049), uso de múltiplos medicamentos (p=0,003); e possuírem as condições associadas uso de medicamentos recentemente comercializados (p<0,001), neoplasia (p<0,001), uso de quimioterápico (p<0,001), corticosteroide (p<0,001), analgésico e/ou opioide (p<0,001), anti-inflamatório não esteroide (p<0,001), imunoglobulina (p<0,001), imunossupressor (p=0,004), antibiótico (p=0,001) e antiemético (p<0,001). Conclusões: Na amostra estudada, foram considerados validados três fatores de risco, três populações em risco e 10 condições associadas, o que auxiliará os enfermeiros na avaliação de pacientes suscetíveis. Como ponto forte deste estudo, destaca-se a conceptualização e identificação de fatores específicos e validados clinicamente, o que contribui para o avanço da ciência da enfermagem e da prática baseada em evidências.

Introduction: The causes and nature of adverse reactions to medications are complex and multifactorial. The nurse professional, directly involved in the safe administration of medications, must evaluate each patient to identify predisposing factors and diagnostic hypotheses, with an emphasis on results and interventions that mitigate or help avoid adverse reactions. The nursing diagnosis, Risk for Adverse Reactions to Medications, was recently developed, to describe an accurate appraisal of a patient's risk of adverse reactions. However, NANDA-I's higher evidence level criteria includes a clinical validation, which approximates the theory of evidence and certifies its accurate application. Purpose: To conduct the clinical validation of the nursing diagnosis Risk for Adverse Reactions to Medications. Method: Case-control study, conducted at the Clinical Research Center of a public university hospital, between May 2019 and July 2020. Two hundred and twenty-eight adults and children who participated in a clinical research protocol with medications were included, regardless of the phase and route of medication administration. After completing participation in the clinical study, the registry of participants was divided into two groups: those who experienced an adverse reaction with confirmation of cause-and-effect relationship with the study medications and those with no reaction. Participants with incomplete or missing information that compromised the quality of the data were excluded. Data collection was performed on the electronic medical records, so that participants with adverse reactions were allocated to the case group and participants without reactions to the control group. An instrument was developed containing sociodemographic and clinical variables, information on adverse reactions and 64 components of the diagnosis under study, divided into risk factors, populations at risk and associated conditions. Associations between the predisposing factors of the nursing diagnosis were performed using the Pearson's Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, with a two-tailed P value <0.05 considered statistically significant. Odds ratios were calculated to measure the effect of exposure between the case and control groups. This project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee under the Certificate of Presentation of Ethical Appreciation 88812718.0.0000.5327. Results: The average age of the participants was 57±15 years old, predominantly male and with education up to elementary school. The most prevalent comorbidity was cancer (50%), and chemotherapy was the most frequently used medication (42%). Participants with adverse reactions were significantly more likely to present the risk factors alcohol consumption (p=0.001), smoking (p=0.005) and inappropriate medication use (p=0.013); to present the at risk populations living in a rural area (p<0.001), history of adverse reaction or allergy (p=0.049), use of multiple medications (p=0.003); and to present the associated conditions use of recently marketed drugs (p<0.001), cancer (p<0.001), use of chemotherapy (p<0.001), corticosteroid (p<0.001), analgesic and/or opioid (p<0.001), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (p <0.001), immunoglobulin (p<0.001), immunosuppressant (p=0.004), antibiotic (p=0.001) and antiemetic (p<0.001). Conclusion: In the studied sample, three risk factors, three at risk populations and 10 associated conditions were considered validated, which will assist nurses in the assessment of vulnerable patients. As a strong point of this study, the conceptualization and identification of specific and clinically validated factors of stands out, which contributes to the advancement of nursing science and evidence-based practice.

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RESUMO Objetivo: desenvolver e validar o conteúdo de instrumentos para padronizar a passagem de plantão da enfermagem. Método: estudo de desenvolvimento e validação por consenso de especialistas, conduzido de janeiro a julho de 2019 em hospital do sul do Brasil. Participaram do estudo 24 profissionais de diferentes áreas, incluindo enfermeiros, técnicos e professores de enfermagem, com experiência na passagem de plantão hospitalar. Avaliou-se abrangência, clareza e pertinência dos itens dos instrumentos, sendo validados pelos especialistas sobre cada item dos instrumentos desenvolvidos, obtendo-se índice de concordância de 93%. Resultados: foram elaborados o "Formulário de Passagem de Plantão", contemplando identificação dos pacientes, informações clínicas e intercorrências de cada turno, e o "Procedimento Operacional Padrão para Passagem de Plantão", descrevendo atividades a serem realizadas para garantir a transmissão de informações precisas. Considerações finais os instrumentos elaborados podem nortear a passagem de plantão da enfermagem na prática clínica, promovendo a continuidade e segurança do cuidado.

RESUMEN Objetivo: desarrollar y validar el contenido de instrumentos para estandarizar el cambio de turno de Enfermería. Método: estudio para el desarrollo y la validación por consenso de especialistas realizado entre enero y julio de 2019 en un hospital del sur de Brasil. En el estudio participaron 24 profesionales de diferentes áreas, incluidos enfermeros, técnicos y profesores de Enfermería, con experiencia en el cambio de turno en hospitales. Se evaluó el alcance, la claridad y la pertinencia de los ítems de los instrumentos y los especialistas lo validaron en cada ítem de los instrumentos desarrollados, obteniéndose un índice de concordancia del 93%. Resultados: se elaboraron dos documentos, a saber: "Formulario de Cambio de Turno", que contempla la identificación de los pacientes, información clínica y complicaciones de cada turno, y el "Procedimiento Operativo Estándar para Cambio de Turno", que describe actividades que deben realizarse para garantizar la transmisión de información precisa. Consideraciones finales: los instrumentos elaborados pueden dirigir el cambio de turno de Enfermería en la práctica clínica, promoviendo así la continuidad y seguridad de la atención.

ABSTRACT Objective: to develop and validate the content of instruments to standardize Nursing handoffs. Method: a study for the development and validation through expert consensus conducted between January and July 2019 in a hospital of southern Brazil. The study participants were 24 professionals from different areas, including nurses, nursing technicians and professors, with experience in hospital handoffs. The experts evaluated and validated the scope, clarity and pertinence of the items of the instruments developed, obtaining an agreement index of 93%. Results: two documents were prepared, namely: the "Handoff Form", considering the patients' identification, clinical information, and complications during each shift, and the "Handoff Standard Operating Procedure", describing activities to be performed to ensure the transmission of precise information. Final considerations: the instruments elaborated can guide Nursing handoffs in the clinical practice, promoting care continuity and safety.

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PURPOSE: To determine nursing outcomes and interventions for problem-focused nursing diagnoses related to nutritional problems. METHODS: Judgment of linkages among nursing diagnoses, outcomes, and interventions using a multiple review process. Five nursing diagnoses were selected, and then outcomes and interventions were determined, based on clinical expertise and scientific literature. FINDINGS: Nursing outcomes and interventions were determined for the resolution or improvement of the nursing diagnoses, with selection of interventions that could influence the progression of the outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides knowledge for developing care plans for patients with nutritional problems and evaluating the response to the interventions. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: NANDA-I, Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), and Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) linkages facilitate nurses' ability to select nursing outcomes and interventions for patients with nutritional problems.

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PURPOSE: To evaluate pain levels in patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA) using the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC). METHODS: Prospective cohort study conducted in the surgical hospitalization units of a university hospital in southern Brazil. Twenty-four patients were evaluated and followed-up for four consecutive days after THA. FINDINGS: A significant difference was found between the first and last evaluations for the outcome pain level (2102). Two indicators also showed statistically significant differences overtime. CONCLUSIONS: The NOC outcome and indicators demonstrated the different pain levels of patients who underwent THA. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: The NOC system is applicable to clinical practice, because it facilitated the follow-up of patient progression.

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Resumo Introdução A Artroplastia Total de Quadril se apresenta como um procedimento eficaz para a diminuição da dor em articulações e para a melhora funcional das pessoas. Objetivo Selecionar resultados e indicadores da Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) e construir definições conceituais e operacionais, para avaliação da dor de pacientes após Artroplastia Total de Quadril. Materiais e Métodos Estudo de consenso entre especialistas. As definições foram construídas baseadas na literatura e experiência dos autores. Estabeleceu-se um consenso de 100% para o conteúdo do instrumento das definições conceituais e operacionais do resultado de enfermagem. Resultados Foi selecionado o resultado de enfermagem Nível de dor, com onze indicadores, a mencionar: Dor relatada, Duração dos episódios de dor, Expressões faciais de dor, Agitação, Irritabilidade, Encolhimento, Diaforese, Náusea, Frequência respiratória, Frequência do pulso radial e Pressão arterial. Cada um dos onze indicadores foi definido conceitual e operacionalmente. Discussão e Conclusões A seleção desse resultado e de seus indicadores, assim como a construção das definições podem favorecer a aplicação da NOC com maior fidedignidade nessa população, além de aprimorar a assistência e contribuir no aperfeiçoamento da classificação.

Abstract Introduction Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) is an effective procedure to relieve joint pain and to provide functional improvement in patients. Objective Based on the outcomes and indicators from the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), this study aims to create conceptual and operational definitions to assess pain in patients undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty. Materials and Methods Consensus study among experts. Definitions were based on literature review and author experience. Complete agreement was found on instrument content in relation to the conceptual and operational definitions from nursing outcomes. Results The nursing outcome 'pain level' was selected which had eleven indicators, being notable the self-reported pain, duration of pain episodes, facial expressions of pain, agitation, irritability, muscle contraction, diaphoresis, nausea, respiratory rate, heart rate at the radial point and blood pressure. Discussion and conclusions The selection of this outcome and its indicators as well as the creation of definitions might benefit the NOC application in a more reliable manner over that population, apart from improving assistance and helping adjust this classification.

Resumen Introducción La Artroplastia Total de Cadera se presenta como un procedimiento eficaz para disminuir el dolor en las articulaciones y para alcanzar la mejora funcional de las personas. Objetivo Seleccionar resultados e indicadores de la Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) y construir definiciones conceptuales y operacionales para la valoración del dolor de los pacientes que son sometidos a una Artroplastia Total de Cadera. Materiales y Métodos Estudio de consenso entre especialistas. Las definiciones se construyeron con base en la literatura y en la experiencia de los autores. Se estableció un consenso de 100% para el contenido del instrumento con respecto a las definiciones conceptuales y operacionales del resultado de la enfermería. Resultados Se escogió el resultado de enfermería Nivel de dolor, con once indicadores, de los cuales vale la pena destacar: Dolor reportado, Duración de los episodios de dolor, Expresiones faciales de dolor, Agitación, Irritabilidad, Encogimiento, Diaforesis, Náuseas, Frecuencia respiratoria, Frecuencia del pulso radial y Presión arterial. Cada uno de los once indicadores se definió conceptual y operativamente. Discusión y Conclusiones La selección de este resultado y de sus indicadores, así como la construcción de las definiciones pueden favorecer la aplicación de la NOC de manera más fidedigna en esa población, además de mejorar la asistencia y contribuir a perfeccionar la clasificación.

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OBJECTIVES: To analyze the diagnostic accuracy in nursing in patients with predicted risk of clinical worsening during hospitalization for acutely decompensated heart failure. METHODS: Cohort study with data collection in medical records according to the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry risk model. After defining the patients at risk, the Nursing Diagnosis Accuracy Scale version 2 was applied. The scale classifies the accuracy as null, low, moderate or high. RESULTS: Of the 43 patients at risk of worsening, 22 (51%) did not worsen and 21 (49%) worsened; in both, the diagnostic accuracy was in the Moderate / High category in 22 (89%) and 16 (88%), respectively. Only Decreased cardiac output and Excessive fluid volume were scored with 100% in the High category. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with acute decompensated heart failure and risk of clinical worsening during hospitalization were identified with moderate or high diagnostic accuracy by nurses.

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PURPOSE: To evaluate patients in a smoking cessation support group using the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC). METHODS: Prospective observational cohort study conducted with 21 patients participating in a smoking cessation support group. Data were collected using an instrument consisting of 2 NOC outcomes and 20 indicators, applied during each of the six support group meetings. FINDINGS: The two NOC outcomes, Smoking Cessation Behavior (1625) and Substance Withdrawal Severity (2108), showed statistically significant differences over time in many of their indicators. CONCLUSIONS: The NOC outcomes demonstrated the clinical evolution and behavioral improvement of patients during the smoking cessation process. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: The findings highlight important elements of the evaluation of behavioral change and severity of withdrawal symptoms.

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Resumo OBJETIVOS Analisar a acurácia diagnóstica de enfermagem em pacientes com predição de risco de piora clínica durante internação por insuficiência cardíaca agudamente descompensada. MÉTODO Estudo de coorte com coleta de dados em prontuário de acordo com o Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry risk model. Após a definição dos pacientes em risco, aplicou-se a Escala de Acurácia de Diagnósticos de Enfermagem versão 2. A escala classifica a acurácia em nula, baixa, moderada ou alta. RESULTADOS Dos 43 pacientes com risco de piora, 22(51%) não pioraram e 21(49%) pioraram; em ambos, a acurácia diagnóstica apresentou-se na categoria Moderada/Alta em 22(89%) e 16(88%), respectivamente. Apenas Débito cardíaco diminuído e Volume de líquidos excessivo foram pontuados com 100% na categoria Alta. CONCLUSÕES Pacientes agudamente descompensados e com risco de piora clínica durante a internação foram identificados com acurácia diagnóstica Moderada ou Alta pelos enfermeiros.

Resumen OBJETIVOS Analizar la precisión diagnóstica enfermera em pacientes con predicción de riesgo de empeoramiento clínico durante su internación por insuficiencia cardiaca agudamente descompensada. MÉTODO Estudio de cohorte con colecta de datos em las historias médicas de pacientes con riesgo de empeoramiento clínico de acuerdo con la Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry risk model. Después de la definición de los pacientes en riesgo, se aplicó la Escala de Precisión de Diagnósticos de Enfermería versión 2. La escala clasifica la precisión en nula, baja, modera o alta. RESULTADOS De los 43 pacientes con riesgo de empeoramiento, 22(51%) no empeoraron y 21(49%) empeoraron; en ambos, la precisión diagnóstica se presentó en categoría Moderada/Alta en 22(89%) y 16(88%), respectivamente. Apenas Disminuición del Gasto cardíaco y Volumen de líquidos excesivo fueron puntuados con 100% en la categoría Alta. CONCLUSIONESPacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca agudamente descompensada y riesgo de peora clínica durante su internación fueron identificados con precisión diagnóstica Moderada o Alta por los enfermeros.

Abstract OBJECTIVES To analyze the diagnostic accuracy in nursing in patients with predicted risk of clinical worsening during hospitalization for acutely decompensated heart failure. METHODS Cohort study with data collection in medical records according to the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry risk model. After defining the patients at risk, the Nursing Diagnosis Accuracy Scale version 2 was applied. The scale classifies the accuracy as null, low, moderate or high. RESULTS Of the 43 patients at risk of worsening, 22 (51%) did not worsen and 21 (49%) worsened; in both, the diagnostic accuracy was in the Moderate / High category in 22 (89%) and 16 (88%), respectively. Only Decreased cardiac output and Excessive fluid volume were scored with 100% in the High category. CONCLUSIONS Patients with acute decompensated heart failure and risk of clinical worsening during hospitalization were identified with moderate or high diagnostic accuracy by nurses.

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