RESUMO
Dietary restriction (DR) reduces adiposity and improves metabolism in patients with one or more symptoms of metabolic syndrome. Nonetheless, it remains elusive whether the benefits of DR in humans are mediated by calorie or nutrient restriction. This study was conducted to determine whether isocaloric dietary protein restriction is sufficient to confer the beneficial effects of dietary restriction in patients with metabolic syndrome. We performed a prospective, randomized controlled dietary intervention under constant nutritional and medical supervision. Twenty-one individuals diagnosed with metabolic syndrome were randomly assigned for caloric restriction (CR; n = 11, diet of 5941 ± 686 KJ per day) or isocaloric dietary protein restriction (PR; n = 10, diet of 8409 ± 2360 KJ per day) and followed for 27 days. Like CR, PR promoted weight loss due to a reduction in adiposity, which was associated with reductions in blood glucose, lipid levels, and blood pressure. More strikingly, both CR and PR improved insulin sensitivity by 62.3% and 93.2%, respectively, after treatment. Fecal microbiome diversity was not affected by the interventions. Adipose tissue bulk RNA-Seq data revealed minor changes elicited by the interventions. After PR, terms related to leukocyte proliferation were enriched among the upregulated genes. Protein restriction is sufficient to confer almost the same clinical outcomes as calorie restriction without the need for a reduction in calorie intake. The isocaloric characteristic of the PR intervention makes this approach a more attractive and less drastic dietary strategy in clinical settings and has more significant potential to be used as adjuvant therapy for people with metabolic syndrome.
Assuntos
Síndrome Metabólica , Restrição Calórica , Dieta com Restrição de Proteínas , Proteínas Alimentares , Humanos , Obesidade , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
This study aimed to determine the changes of lipidome in obese women undergoing combined physical exercise training. Fourteen adult women with obesity (mean BMI and age, 33 kg/m2 and 34 ± 5 years), were submitted to combined physical training (aerobic and strength exercises, alternately, 55 min at 75-90% of the maximum heart rate, 3 times a week) for 8 weeks. All participants were evaluated before and after the training intervention for lipidome, anthropometric measurements, muscle strength, and maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max). Untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses allowed the identification of 1252 variables, of which 160 were significant (p < 0.05), and 61 were identified as molecular species of lipids. Volcano plot analysis revealed LPC(16:0p), LPC(18:0p), LPC(20:2), and arachidonic acid upregulated and PC(38:1p), PC(40:4), PC(40:4p) downregulated after combined physical exercise. From the results of the overall Principal component analysis (PCA), the major finding was SM(d18:1/20:0), arachidonic acid, and PC(40:6) species. Other changes included a reduction in waist circumference (Δ = - 2 cm) (p < 0.05), with no weight loss. In conclusion, 8-week of combined exercise training in obese women brought changes in different classes of lipids. This study provides further information to understand the effect of combined physical exercise on lipids related to obesity.
Assuntos
Lipidômica , Obesidade , Adulto , Ácido Araquidônico , Índice de Massa Corporal , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Circunferência da CinturaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Based on the antioxidant effects of taurine, which are capable of controlling oxidative stress in the aging process, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of taurine supplementation on biomarkers of oxidative stress in women 55 to 70 y of age. METHODS: A double-blind study was conducted with 24 women (61.4 ± 4.2 y, body mass index 31.4 ± 5.1 kg/m²). The participants were randomly assigned to either a control group (GC, n = 11), supplemented with placebo (1.5 g of starch); or a taurine group (GTAU, n = 13), supplemented with taurine (1.5 g), for 16 wk. As primary outcomes, taurine and oxidative stress marker levels were determined in plasma samples. Anthropometry, functional capacity testing, and plasma mineral levels were evaluated as secondary outcomes. The evaluations were performed pre- and postintervention. Food consumption was assessed before, during, and after the intervention. The results were analyzed by two-way repeated analysis of variance measures mixed model, with the Sidak post hoc (P < 0.05). RESULTS: Taurine and superoxide dismutase (SOD, antioxidant enzyme) plasma levels were increased in the GTAU group. SOD levels also were higher than in the GC group after supplementation. Glutathione reductase levels decreased regardless of the intervention. Malondialdehyde levels increased only in the GC participants. CONCLUSION: Taurine supplementation prevented the decrease in the antioxidant enzyme SOD, suggesting taurine as a strategy to control oxidative stress during the aging process.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Taurina , Idoso , Biomarcadores , Suplementos Nutricionais , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Malondialdeído , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estresse Oxidativo , Superóxido Dismutase , Taurina/farmacologiaRESUMO
Interventions that can modulate subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) function, such as exercise training and nutritional components, like taurine, modulate the inflammatory process, therefore, may represent strategies for obesity treatment. We investigated the effects of taurine supplementation in conjunction with exercise on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in plasma and scWAT of obese women. Sixteen obese women were randomized into two groups: Taurine supplementation group (Tau, n = 8) and Taurine supplementation + exercise group (Tau + Exe, n = 8). The intervention was composed of daily taurine supplementation (3 g) and exercise training for 8 weeks. Anthropometry, body fat composition, and markers of inflammatory and oxidative stress were determined in plasma and scWAT biopsy samples before and after the intervention. We found that, although taurine supplementation increased taurine plasma levels, no changes were observed for the anthropometric characteristics. However, Tau alone decreased interleukin-6 (IL-6), and in conjunction with exercise (Tau + Exe), increased anti-inflammatory interleukins (IL-15 and IL10), followed by reduced IL1ß gene expression in the scWAT of obese women. Tau and Tau + Exe groups presented reduced adipocyte size and increased connective tissue and multilocular droplets. In conclusion, taurine supplementation in conjunction with exercise modulated levels of inflammatory markers in plasma and scWAT, and improved scWAT plasticity in obese women, promoting protection against obesity-induced inflammation. TRN NCT04279600 retrospectively registered on August 18, 2019.
Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo Branco/fisiologia , Citocinas/sangue , Suplementos Nutricionais , Exercício Físico , Obesidade/terapia , Gordura Subcutânea/fisiologia , Taurina/administração & dosagem , Tecido Adiposo , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Composição Corporal , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/patologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of taurine supplementation associated or not with chronic exercise on body composition, mitochondrial function, and expression of genes related to mitochondrial activity and lipid oxidation in the subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) of obese women. METHODS: A randomized and double-blind trial was developed with 24 obese women (BMI 33.1 ± 2.9 kg/m2, 32.9 ± 6.3 y) randomized into three groups: Taurine supplementation group (Tau, n = 8); Exercise group (Ex, n = 8); Taurine supplementation + exercise group (TauEx, n = 8). The intervention was composed of 3 g of taurine or placebo supplementation and exercise training for eight weeks. Anthropometry, body fat composition, indirect calorimetry, scWAT biopsy for mitochondrial respiration, and gene expression related to mitochondrial activity and lipid oxidation were assessed before and after the intervention. RESULTS: No changes were observed for the anthropometric characteristics. The Ex group presented an increased resting energy expenditure rate, and the TauEx and Ex groups presented increased lipid oxidation and a decreased respiratory quotient. Both trained groups (TauEx and Ex) demonstrated improved scWAT mitochondrial respiratory capacity. Regarding mitochondrial markers, no changes were observed for the Tau group. The TauEx group had higher expression of CIDEA, PGC1a, PRDM16, UCP1, and UCP2. The genes related to fat oxidation (ACO2 and ACOX1) were increased in the Tau and Ex groups, while only the TauEx group presented increased expression of CPT1, PPARa, PPARγ, LPL, ACO1, ACO2, HSL, ACOX1, and CD36 genes. CONCLUSION: Taurine supplementation associated with exercise improved lipid metabolism through the modulation of genes related to mitochondrial activity and fatty acid oxidation, suggesting a browning effect in the scWAT of obese women.
Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo Branco/metabolismo , Exercício Físico , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Obesidade/metabolismo , Taurina/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Composição Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Suplementos Nutricionais , Método Duplo-Cego , Metabolismo Energético/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/genética , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/genética , Oxirredução/efeitos dos fármacos , Placebos , Gordura SubcutâneaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Iron deficiency (ID) is a common comorbidity in patients with chronic heart failure (HF) and is associated with worse prognosis. We aimed at comparing the currently European Society of Cardiology (ESC) criterion for diagnosis of ID (ferritin < 100 µg/L or ferritin 100-299 µg/L with transferrin saturation [TSAT] < 20%) with either isolated low TSAT or isolated low ferritin on survival, in a cohort of HF patients. METHODS: This was an observational prospective study, investigating ambulatory patients with HF and reduced ejection fraction (n = 108). All patients were assessed for clinical aspects and iron indexes. The primary endpoint was all-cause death. RESULTS: Abnormal iron status was observed in 50 (46%) of patients. During the median follow-up time of 857.5 [647-899] days, 31 patients died (29%). In univariate analyses ESC-criterion (p = 0.022) and isolated TSAT <20% (p = 0.002), but not isolated ferritin <100 µg/L (p = 0.439), were significantly related to an increased risk of all-cause death. However, in multivariate analyses only TSAT <20% (HR = 2.3; [95% CI: 1.11-4.85]; p = 0.026) was independently related to all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that diagnosis of ID based on isolated TSAT <20% identifies HF patients with worse prognosis, while ferritin was not associated with mortality risk, suggesting that ferritin should not be taken into account for evaluation of clinical impact of ID in HF patients.
Assuntos
Anemia Ferropriva , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Anemia Ferropriva/diagnóstico , Ferritinas , Insuficiência Cardíaca/complicações , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Humanos , Ferro , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
Based on the fact that taurine can increase lipid metabolism, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different doses of acute taurine supplementation on lipid oxidation levels in healthy young men after a single bout of fasting aerobic exercise. A double-blind, acute, and crossover study design was conducted. Seventeen men (age 24.8 ± 4.07y; BMI: 23.9 ± 2.57 kg/m²) participated in the present study. Different doses of taurine (TAU) (3 g or 6 g) or placebo were supplemented 90 minutes before a single bout of fasting aerobic exercise (on a treadmill at 60% of VO2 max). The subjects performed three trials, and each one was separated by seven days. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after the exercise protocol of each test to analyze plasma levels of glycerol and taurine. Lipid and carbohydrate oxidation were determined immediately after exercise for 15 minutes by indirect calorimetry. We observed that TAU supplementation (6 g) increased lipid oxidation (38%) and reduced the respiratory coefficient (4%) when compared to the placebo (p < 0.05). However, no differences in lipid oxidation were observed between the different doses of taurine (3 g and 6 g). For glycerol concentrations, there were no differences between trials. Six grams of TAU supplementation 90 minutes before a single bout of aerobic exercise in a fasted state was sufficient to increase the lipid oxidation post-exercise in healthy young men.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Exercício Físico , Jejum , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Taurina/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso Corporal , Calorimetria Indireta , Estudos Cross-Over , Método Duplo-Cego , Teste de Esforço , Humanos , Masculino , Oxirredução/efeitos dos fármacos , Consumo de Oxigênio/efeitos dos fármacos , Taurina/sangue , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Telomere length is inversely associated with the senescence and aging process. Parallelly, obesity can promote telomere shortening. Evidence suggests that physical activity may promote telomere elongation. OBJECTIVE: This study's objective is to evaluate the effects of combined exercise training on telomere length in obese women. DESIGN AND METHODS: Twenty pre-menopausal women (BMI 30-40 kg/m2, 20-40 years) submitted to combined training (strength and aerobic exercises), but only 13 finished the protocol. Each exercise session lasted 55 min/day, three times a week, throughout 8 weeks. Anthropometric data, body composition, physical performance (Vo2max), and 8-h fasting blood samples were taken before and after 8 weeks of training. Leukocyte DNA was extracted for telomere length by RT-qPCR reaction, using the 2-ΔΔCt methodology. RESULTS: After the training intervention, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in telomere length (respectively before and after, 1.03 ± 0.04 to 1.07 ± 0.04 T/S ratio), fat-free mass (46 ± 7 to 48 ± 5 kg), Vo2max (35 ± 3 to 38 ± 3 ml/kg/min), and waist circumference (96 ± 8 to 90 ± 6 cm). In addition, an inverse correlation between waist circumference and telomere length was found, before (r = - 0.536, p = 0.017) and after (r = - 0.655, p = 0.015) exercise training. CONCLUSION: Combined exercise promoted leukocyte telomere elongation in obese women. Besides, the data suggested that greater waist circumference may predict shorter telomere length. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrails.gov, NCT03119350. Retrospectively registered on 18 April 2017.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: : Bariatric surgery promotes significant weight loss and improvement of associated comorbidities; however, nutrients deficiencies and weight regain may occur in the middle-late postoperative period. AIM: To investigate nutritional status in 10 years follow-up. METHODS: : Longitudinal retrospective study in which anthropometric, biochemical indicators and nutritional intake were assessed before and after one, two, three, four, five and ten years of Roux-en Y gastric bypass through analysis of medical records. RESULTS: : After ten years there was a reduction of 29.2% of initial weight; however, 87.1% of patients had significant weight regain. Moreover, there was an increase of incidence of iron (9.2% to 18.5%), vitamin B12 (4.2% to 11.1%) and magnesium deficiency (14.1% to 14.8%). Folic acid concentrations increased and the percentage of individuals with glucose (40.4% to 3.7%), triglycerides (38% to 7.4%), HDL cholesterol (31 % to 7.4%) and uric acid (70.5% to 11.1%) abnormalities reduced. Also, there is a reduction of food intake at first year postoperative. After 10 years, there was an increase in energy, protein and lipid intake, also a reduction in folid acid intake. CONCLUSIONS: : Roux-en Y gastric bypass is an effective procedure to promote weight loss and improve comorbidities associated with obesity. However, comparison between postoperative period of five and 10 years showed a high prevalence of minerals deficiency and a significant weight regain, evidencing the need for nutritional follow-up in the postoperative period.
Assuntos
Derivação Gástrica/reabilitação , Estado Nutricional/genética , Obesidade/cirurgia , Fenótipo , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Feminino , Ácido Fólico/sangue , Seguimentos , Humanos , Ferro/sangue , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Distúrbios Nutricionais/sangue , Distúrbios Nutricionais/etiologia , Obesidade/complicações , Período Pós-Operatório , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Vitamina B 12/sangue , Redução de PesoRESUMO
This report describes the post-bariatric-surgery evolution of an obese patient who had low adherence to the diet and micronutrient supplementation. Four years after two bariatric surgeries, the patient was admitted due to transient loss of consciousness, slow thinking, anasarca, severe hypoalbuminemia, in addition to vitamin and mineral deficiencies. She had subcutaneous foot abscess but did not present fever. Received antibiotics, vitamins A, D, B12, thiamine, calcium, and parenteral nutrition. After hospitalization (twenty-eight days), there was a significant body weight reduction probably due to the disappearance of clinical anasarca. Parenteral nutrition was suspended after twenty-five days, and the oral diet was kept fractional. After hospitalization (weekly outpatient care), there was a gradual laboratory data improvement, which was now close to the reference values. Such outcome shows the need for specialized care in preventing and treating nutritional complications after bariatric surgeries as well as clinical manifestations of infection in previously undernourished patients.
Assuntos
Cirurgia Bariátrica , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica/complicações , Infecções Estreptocócicas/complicações , Adulto , Deficiência de Vitaminas/complicações , Deficiência de Vitaminas/terapia , Cirurgia Bariátrica/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Nutrição Parenteral , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Desnutrição Aguda Grave/complicações , Desnutrição Aguda Grave/etiologia , Desnutrição Aguda Grave/terapia , Cooperação e Adesão ao TratamentoRESUMO
SUMMARY This report describes the post-bariatric-surgery evolution of an obese patient who had low adherence to the diet and micronutrient supplementation. Four years after two bariatric surgeries, the patient was admitted due to transient loss of consciousness, slow thinking, anasarca, severe hypoalbuminemia, in addition to vitamin and mineral deficiencies. She had subcutaneous foot abscess but did not present fever. Received antibiotics, vitamins A, D, B12, thiamine, calcium, and parenteral nutrition. After hospitalization (twenty-eight days), there was a significant body weight reduction probably due to the disappearance of clinical anasarca. Parenteral nutrition was suspended after twenty-five days, and the oral diet was kept fractional. After hospitalization (weekly outpatient care), there was a gradual laboratory data improvement, which was now close to the reference values. Such outcome shows the need for specialized care in preventing and treating nutritional complications after bariatric surgeries as well as clinical manifestations of infection in previously undernourished patients.
RESUMO Este relato descreve a evolução pós-cirurgia bariátrica de uma paciente obesa que apresentou baixa adesão à dieta e suplementação de micronutrientes. Quatro anos após duas cirurgias bariátricas, a paciente foi internada por perda transitória de consciência, raciocínio lento, anasarca, hipoalbuminemia grave, além de deficiências vitamínicas e minerais. Apresentava abscesso subcutâneo no pé, mas não apresentava febre. Recebeu antibióticos, vitaminas A, D, B12, tiamina, cálcio e nutrição parenteral. Após a internação (28 dias) houve redução significativa do peso corporal, provavelmente devido ao desaparecimento clínico da anasarca. A nutrição parenteral foi suspensa após 25 dias e a dieta oral foi mantida fracionada. Após a internação (atendimento ambulatorial semanal) houve uma melhora gradativa dos dados laboratoriais, que estavam próximos dos valores de referência. Tal desfecho mostra a necessidade de cuidados especializados na prevenção e tratamento de complicações nutricionais após cirurgias bariátricas, bem como manifestações clínicas de infecção em pacientes previamente desnutridos.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Infecções Estreptocócicas/complicações , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica/complicações , Cirurgia Bariátrica/efeitos adversos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Deficiência de Vitaminas/complicações , Deficiência de Vitaminas/terapia , Nutrição Parenteral , Desnutrição Aguda Grave/complicações , Desnutrição Aguda Grave/etiologia , Desnutrição Aguda Grave/terapia , Cooperação e Adesão ao TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Exercise training may improve energy expenditure, thermogenesis, and oxidative capacities. Therefore, we hypothesized that physical training enhances white adipose tissue mitochondrial oxidative capacity from obese women. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate mitochondrial respiratory capacity, mitochondrial content, and UCP1 gene expression in white adipose tissue from women with obesity before and after the physical training program. METHODS: Women (n = 14, BMI 33 ± 3 kg/m2 , 35 ± 6 years, mean ± SD) were submitted to strength and aerobic exercises (75%-90% maximum heart rate and multiple repetitions), 3 times/week during 8 weeks. All evaluated subjects were paired, before and after training for resting metabolic rate (RMR), substrate oxidation (lipid and carbohydrate) by indirect calorimeter, deuterium oxide body composition, and aerobic maximum velocity (Vmax ) test. At the beginning and at the ending of the protocol, abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue was collected to measure the mitochondrial respiration by high-resolution respirometry, mitochondrial content by citrate synthase (CS) activity, and UCP1 gene expression by RT-qPCR. RESULTS: Combined physical training increased RMR, lipid oxidation, and Vmax but did not change body weight/composition. In WAT, exercise increased CS activity, decreased mitochondrial uncoupled respiration and mRNA of UCP1. RMR was positively correlated with fat-free mass. CONCLUSION: Physical training promotes an increase in mitochondrial content without changing tissue respiratory capacity, a reduction in mitochondrial uncoupling degree and UCP1 mRNA expression in WAT. Finally, it improved the resting metabolic rate, lipid oxidation and physical performance, independent of the body changing free, or fat mass in obese women.
Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo Branco/fisiologia , Exercício Físico , Mitocôndrias/fisiologia , Obesidade/metabolismo , Proteína Desacopladora 1/metabolismo , Adulto , Metabolismo Basal , Composição Corporal , Feminino , Humanos , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Oxirredução , Consumo de OxigênioRESUMO
ABSTRACT Background : Bariatric surgery promotes significant weight loss and improvement of associated comorbidities; however, nutrients deficiencies and weight regain may occur in the middle-late postoperative period. Aim: To investigate nutritional status in 10 years follow-up. Methods : Longitudinal retrospective study in which anthropometric, biochemical indicators and nutritional intake were assessed before and after one, two, three, four, five and ten years of Roux-en Y gastric bypass through analysis of medical records. Results : After ten years there was a reduction of 29.2% of initial weight; however, 87.1% of patients had significant weight regain. Moreover, there was an increase of incidence of iron (9.2% to 18.5%), vitamin B12 (4.2% to 11.1%) and magnesium deficiency (14.1% to 14.8%). Folic acid concentrations increased and the percentage of individuals with glucose (40.4% to 3.7%), triglycerides (38% to 7.4%), HDL cholesterol (31 % to 7.4%) and uric acid (70.5% to 11.1%) abnormalities reduced. Also, there is a reduction of food intake at first year postoperative. After 10 years, there was an increase in energy, protein and lipid intake, also a reduction in folid acid intake. Conclusions : Roux-en Y gastric bypass is an effective procedure to promote weight loss and improve comorbidities associated with obesity. However, comparison between postoperative period of five and 10 years showed a high prevalence of minerals deficiency and a significant weight regain, evidencing the need for nutritional follow-up in the postoperative period.
RESUMO Racional: A cirurgia bariátrica promove importante perda ponderal e melhora das comorbidades associadas; entretanto, deficiências nutricionais e reganho de peso podem ocorrer no pós-operatório médio e tardio. Objetivo: Investigar a evolução do estado nutricional de pacientes após cinco e 10 anos de pós-operatório. Método: Estudo retrospectivo longitudinal, no qual indicadores antropométricos, bioquímicos e a ingestão alimentar foram avaliados no período pré-operatório e após um, dois, três, quatro, cinco e dez anos da operação, por meio de revisão de prontuários. Resultados: Após 10 anos observou-se redução de 29,2% do peso inicial; no entanto, 87,1% dos pacientes tiveram reganho significativo de peso. Além disso, houve aumento da incidência de deficiência de ferro (9,2% para 18,5%), vitamina B12 (4,2% para 11,1%) e magnésio (14,1% para 14,8%). As concentrações de ácido fólico aumentaram e a porcentagem de indivíduos com alterações na glicemia (40,4% a 3,7%), triglicérides (38% a 7,4%), colesterol HDL (31% a 7,4%) e ácido úrico (70,5% a 11,1%) diminuiu. Além disso, houve redução na ingestão alimentar no primeiro ano de pós-operatório. Após 10 anos, houve aumento na ingestão de energia, proteína e lipídios, e redução na de ácido fólico. Conclusões: A derivação gástrica em Y-de-Roux é procedimento eficaz para promover perda de peso e melhorar as comorbidades associadas à obesidade. Entretanto, a comparação entre os períodos pós-operatórios de cinco e 10 anos mostrou que uma porcentagem de pacientes apresenta deficiências de vitaminas e minerais e reganho de peso significativo, evidenciando a necessidade do acompanho nutricional no período pós-operatório.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fenótipo , Derivação Gástrica/reabilitação , Estado Nutricional/genética , Obesidade/cirurgia , Período Pós-Operatório , Vitamina B 12/sangue , Redução de Peso , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos Retrospectivos , Seguimentos , Estudos Longitudinais , Resultado do Tratamento , Ácido Fólico/sangue , Ferro/sangue , Distúrbios Nutricionais/etiologia , Distúrbios Nutricionais/sangue , Obesidade/complicaçõesRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: After bariatric surgery, modifications to signaling pathway networks including those of the metabolic regulator called mammalian or mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) may lead to molecular alterations related to energy source availability, systemic nutrients, and catabolic and anabolic cellular processes. This study aimed to identify gene expression changes with regard to the mTOR complex 2 subunit signaling pathway in obese patients before and after bariatric surgery. METHODS: The experimental group included 13 obese women who were examined before (preoperative) and 6 mo after (postoperative) Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. The control group included nine apparently eutrophic women matched by age and without any other metabolic diseases (i.e., no diabetes and no liver or kidney diseases). Peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples were collected for RNA extraction and subsequent microarray analysis. RESULTS: After this methodological procedure, we identified 47 000 differentially expressed genes. A subsequent bioinformatic analysis showed that three diferentially expressed genes (rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR [RICTOR], phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 [PIK3 R1], and hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha subunit 1A [HIF1 A]) participated in the mTOR signaling pathway. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that RICTOR, PIK3 R1, and HIF1 A were upregulated 6 mo after RYGB surgery (P <0.05). In addition, patients in the experimental group lost weight significantly and presented significant improvement in biochemical/metabolic variables. CONCLUSIONS: The weight loss that was induced by RYGB surgery alters the mTOR signaling pathway and specifically the mTOR complex 2 subunit. The increased expression of genes that act in this pathway such as RICTOR, PIK3 R1, and HIF1 A reflects the induced weight loss and improved metabolic indicators (e.g., insulin resistance and lipolysis) that are evidenced in this study.
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Derivação Gástrica , Alvo Mecanístico do Complexo 2 de Rapamicina/metabolismo , Obesidade/genética , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Redução de Peso/genética , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Leucócitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Estudos Longitudinais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/cirurgia , Período Pós-Operatório , Período Pré-Operatório , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The introduction of biofortified foods such as beans with higher iron content may be a useful tool in preventing iron deficiency. The biofortification aims to reach the root of the problem of malnutrition, targets the neediest population, uses embedded distribution mechanisms, is scientifically feasible and effective in terms of cost, and complements other ongoing interventions to control micronutrient deficiency. However, to ensure effectiveness, measurement of the absorption of minerals is essential. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the iron bioavailability of common bean BRS Pontal (PO), targeted for biofortification, compared with common bean BRS Estilo in man through reliable techniques that have not been previously used in Brazil. METHODS: The study included 29 young adult volunteers divided into 2 groups: Group CB (13 subjects) received 100 g of common beans (BRS-Estilo) cooked labeled with iron-58 (58Fe) and Group TBB (16 patients) received 100 g common bean target for iron biofortification (BRS-Pontal), cooked and labeled with iron58 (58Fe). The next day they received the reference dose of ferrous sulfate enriched iron-57 (57Fe). Isotopic evaluation of iron for measurement of iron incorporation into erythrocytes was performed 14 days after consumption. The beans used, were produced, through conventional breeding program, by EMBRAPA/Rice and Beans. RESULTS: The iron absorption was evaluated by assessing the isotopic enrichment of the stable isotope. Mean iron absorption from the meal with common beans was 0.409% (±0.040%) and mean iron incorporation from the meal with target beans for biofortification 0.407% (±0.038%) and did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study tested the iron absorption from a single bean meal in healthy volunteers or non anemics, In the present study the iron absorption ratio from common bean Pontal (PO), targeted for biofortification and compared with common bean BRS Estilo was not significantly different. The iron concentration of the TBB, probably was not sufficient to improve higher bioavailability. It is recommended to evaluate the not only the absorption of iron in cultivars that present a higher difference in iron concentration but also in association with other components of the Brazilian diet, such as rice and beans.
Assuntos
Digestão , Alimentos Fortificados , Frutas/metabolismo , Absorção Intestinal , Ferro/metabolismo , Phaseolus/metabolismo , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/metabolismo , Adulto , Disponibilidade Biológica , Brasil , Culinária , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Phaseolus/genética , Phaseolus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/genética , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is an important parameter to guide the nutritional therapy of class III obese patients. The aims of the present study were to develop a predictive equation for RMR estimation in class III obese women using anthropometric indicators and to compare indirect calorimetry with other predictive equations. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study on women with class III obesity (body mass index >40 kg/m2). Weight, height, fat-free mass, fat mass, and RMR of all individuals were measured. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the new RMR equation and the Bland-Altman plot was used to analyze the agreement between indirect calorimetry and the results of predictive equations. RESULTS: We evaluated 101 women with obesity class III and a mean age of 36.3 ± 10 y. The anthropometric and body composition variables used in the new equation had a coefficient of determination of 0.80, and a significant influence on RMR (P = 0.01). Harris-Benedict and World Health Organization equations showed similar bias and limits (181.6, +2 SD = 765.5, -2 SD = -402.2; 156.4, +2 SD = 799.4, -2 SD = -486.6, respectively). The Mifflin-St Jeor and Owen equations showed large clinical bias (mean, 239.2 and 463.9, respectively), and a tendency to overestimate RMR. CONCLUSION: The prediction equations tested in the study had low accuracy in estimating RMR of women with class III obesity. However, our equation was developed specifically for this population, using variables known to influence their energy expenditure.
Assuntos
Antropometria/métodos , Metabolismo Basal , Calorimetria Indireta/estatística & dados numéricos , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Obesidade/diagnóstico , Adulto , Composição Corporal , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso Corporal , Estudos Transversais , Metabolismo Energético , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/classificação , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Valores de Referência , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Bitterness perception seems to be related to an enhanced intake of dietary fat and to a tendency to the development of diseases such as obesity. However, the exact factors for this possible contribution still need to be better investigated. So, gustatory perception of the bitter taste is a promising area of study because of its importance regarding food choices and consequently feeding behavior. Therefore, this short review focused on recent papers reporting correlations between bitter taste, anthropometric variables, obesity and other chronic diseases, age, gender, ethnicity, and genetics. METHODS: A survey was performed in MEDLINE (PubMed) and Scielo from September 2015 to January 2017.Only review articles, observational studies and clinical trials published in English and Portuguese over the last15 years which met the objectives of the present study were considered. A total of 40 papers were evaluated. RESULTS: Two papers showed a positive correlation between bitter taste and obesity, one indicated that this correlation is influenced by the subject's age, one suggested a negative correlation, and two found no association. Age seems to be negatively correlated with the bitterness perceived, and female gender was associated with a stronger perception of bitterness. Genetics, mostly due to differences in TAS2R38 expression, influences sensitivity to the bitter taste, feeding behavior and also alcohol intake. Ethnicity, not only the subject's phenotypic or genotypic characteristics, seems to play a role in taste perception and nutritional diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Age, gender, genetics and ethnicity seem to play a role in bitterness perception. Data about associations between bitterness perception and anthropometrics are conflicting.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Disgeusia , Obesidade/genética , Distúrbios do Paladar/genética , Percepção Gustatória/genéticaRESUMO
This study aims (i) to verify expression of the UCPs, PLIN1, PPARG2, and ADRB3 genes in the abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese women at baseline and after 8 weeks of supplementation with decaffeinated green tea extract, and (ii) to associate findings with clinical parameters. This is a longitudinal study during which 11 women with obesity grade III were submitted to supplementation with 450 mg of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) (intervention group); the control group consisted of 10 eutrophic women. Anthropometric parameters [weight, height, and body mass index (BMI)], resting metabolic rate (RMR, measured by indirect calorimetry), and gene expression (measured by real-time PCR, RT-qPCR) were determined before and after supplementation. After 8 weeks, clinical parameters and UCP1, PLIN1, PPARG2, and ADRB3 expression remained unaltered in the intervention group (p > .05). Genetic analysis also showed that the UCP3 gene was upregulated (p = .026), but its upregulation did not promote weight loss.
Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Obesidade/terapia , Chá/química , Proteína Desacopladora 3/metabolismo , Redução de Peso , Adolescente , Adulto , Metabolismo Basal , Índice de Massa Corporal , Catequina/análogos & derivados , Catequina/farmacologia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/genética , PPAR gama/genética , PPAR gama/metabolismo , Perilipina-1/genética , Perilipina-1/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 3/genética , Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 3/metabolismo , Proteína Desacopladora 1/genética , Proteína Desacopladora 1/metabolismo , Proteína Desacopladora 3/genética , Regulação para Cima , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Differential gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is poorly characterized. Markers of these processes may provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that underlie these events. The main goal of this study was to identify changes in PBMC gene expression in women with obesity before and 6 months after RYGB-induced weight loss. METHODS: The ribonucleic acid (RNA) of PBMCs from 13 obese women was analyzed before and 6 months after RYGB; the RNA of PBMCs from nine healthy women served as control. The gene expression levels were determined by microarray analysis. Significant differences in gene expression were validated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS: Microarray analysis for comparison of the pre- and postoperative periods showed that 1366 genes were differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The main pathways were related to gene transcription; lipid, energy, and glycide metabolism; inflammatory and immunological response; cell differentiation; oxidative stress regulation; response to endogenous and exogenous stimuli; substrate oxidation; mTOR signaling pathway; interferon signaling; mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), cAMP response element binding protein (CREB1), heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) gene expression; adipocyte differentiation; and methylation. CONCLUSIONS: Six months after bariatric surgery and significant weight loss, many molecular pathways involved in obesity and metabolic diseases change. These findings are an important tool to identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention and clinical practice of nutritional genomics in obesity.
Assuntos
Cirurgia Bariátrica , Leucócitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Obesidade Mórbida/genética , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Transcriptoma , Redução de Peso/genética , Adulto , Cirurgia Bariátrica/reabilitação , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Derivação Gástrica/reabilitação , Expressão Gênica , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Análise em Microsséries , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/genética , Obesidade Mórbida/sangueRESUMO
AIM: Taurine is considered a semi-essential amino acid characterized by having various physiological functions in the body that modulate mechanisms of action involved in the muscle contraction process, increased energy expenditure, insulin signaling pathway, carbohydrate metabolism, and scavenging free radicals. These functions are crucial for aerobic exercise performance; thus, taurine supplementation may benefit athletes' performance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of taurine supplementation on the resting energy expenditure and physical performance of swimming athletes. METHODS: In a double-blind study, 14 male swimmers were randomized into two groups: the taurine group (n = 7) and the placebo group (n = 7), which received 3 g per day of taurine or placebo in capsules during 8 weeks. Resting energy expenditure, plasma taurine, physical performance, anthropometry, dietary consumption were measured and an incremental test was performed to determine their maximal front crawl swimming performances before and after the 8-week period. RESULTS: The levels of serum taurine (p < 0.0001) and lactate (p = 0.0130) showed a significant increase in the taurine group; however, the other variables were not different. No changes were observed in the resting energy expenditure, mean speed performed, and the anaerobic threshold of the swimmers post-supplementation period. CONCLUSION: Supplementation of taurine increased plasma concentrations of this amino acid, but did not lead to significant changes in food intake, rest energy expenditure, and athletes' performance. However, the supplemented group presented a higher lactate production, suggesting a possible positive effect of taurine on the anaerobic lactic metabolism.(AU)