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[ABSTRACT]. Objective. To estimate the prevalence of trachoma in indigenous and non-indigenous populations in selected areas of the state of Maranhão, in northeastern Brazil. Methods. This was a population-based survey with probabilistic sampling. For the diagnosis of trachoma, external ocular examination was performed using head magnifying loupes, at 2.5X magnification. The prevalence of trachomatous inflammation – follicular (TF) in children aged 1–9 years and the prevalence of trachomatous trichiasis (TT) in the population aged ≥15 years were estimated. Relative frequencies of sociodemographic and environmental characteristics were obtained. Results. The study included 7 971 individuals, 3 429 from non-indigenous populations and 4 542 from indigenous populations. The prevalence of TF in non-indigenous and indigenous populations was 0.1% and 2.9%, respectively, and the prevalence of TT among indigenous populations was 0.1%. Conclusions. The prevalence of TF and TT in the two evaluation units in the state of Maranhão were within the limits recommended for the elimination of trachoma as a public health problem. However, the prevalence of TF was higher in the indigenous evaluation unit, indicating a greater vulnerability of this population to the disease. The prevalence of TF of below 5.0% implies a reduction in transmission, which may have resulted from improved socioeconomic conditions and/or the implementation of the World Health Organization SAFE strategy.
[RESUMEN]. Objetivo. Estimar la prevalencia del tracoma en poblaciones indígenas y no indígenas en determinadas zonas del estado de Maranhão, en el nordeste de Brasil. Métodos. Se trató de una encuesta de ámbito poblacional con muestreo probabilístico. Para el diagnóstico del tracoma, se realizó un examen ocular externo con una lupa frontal de 2,5X aumentos. Se estimó la prevalencia de la inflamación tracomatosa folicular (TF) en la población infantil de 1 a 9 años y la prevalencia de la triquiasis tracomatosa (TT) en la población de 15 años o más. Se obtuvieron las frecuencias relativas de las características sociodemográficas y ambientales. Resultados. En el estudio participaron 7 971 personas, 3 429 de poblaciones no indígenas y 4 542 de poblaciones indígenas. La prevalencia de la TF en las poblaciones no indígenas e indígenas fue de 0,1% y 2,9%, respectivamente, en tanto que la de la TT en las poblaciones indígenas fue de 0,1%. Conclusiones. La prevalencia de la TF y la TT en las dos unidades de evaluación del estado de Maranhão estuvo dentro de los límites recomendados para la eliminación del tracoma como problema de salud pública. Sin embargo, la prevalencia de la TF fue mayor en la unidad de evaluación indígena, lo que indica una mayor vulnerabilidad de esta población a la enfermedad. La prevalencia de la TF inferior al 5,0% implica una reducción de la transmisión, que puede haber sido consecuencia tanto de la mejora de las condiciones socioeconómicas como de la aplicación de la estrategia SAFE de la Organización Mundial de la Salud.
[RESUMO]. Objetivo. Estimar a prevalência do tracoma em populações indígenas e não indígenas em áreas selecionadas do estado do Maranhão, na região Nordeste do Brasil. Métodos. Inquérito de base populacional com amostragem probabilística. Para o diagnóstico de tracoma, foi realizado exame ocular externo com o auxílio de lupas binoculares com ampliação de 2,5×. Foram estimadas a prevalência de inflamação tracomatosa folicular (TF) em crianças de 1 a 9 anos de idade e a prevalência de triquíase tracomatosa (TT) na população com idade ≥15 anos. Foram obtidas as frequências relativas das características sociodemográficas e ambientais. Resultados. O estudo incluiu 7 971 indivíduos (3 429 de populações não indígenas e 4 542 de populações indígenas). A prevalência de TF nas populações não indígenas e indígenas foi de 0,1% e 2,9%, respectiva- mente, e a prevalência de TT entre as populações indígenas foi de 0,1%. Conclusões. A prevalência de TF e TT nas duas unidades de avaliação no estado do Maranhão ficou dentro dos limites recomendados para a eliminação do tracoma como problema de saúde pública. No entanto, a prevalência de TF foi maior na unidade de avaliação indígena, indicando uma maior vulnerabilidade dessa população à doença. A prevalência de TF abaixo de 5,0% implica uma redução na transmissão, que pode ter sido resultado de melhores condições socioeconômicas e da implementação da estratégia SAFE da Organização Mundial da Saúde.
Assuntos
Tracoma , Doenças Negligenciadas , Prevalência , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Brasil , Tracoma , Prevalência , Doenças Negligenciadas , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Brasil , Prevalência , Inquéritos EpidemiológicosRESUMO
Objective: To estimate the prevalence of trachoma in indigenous and non-indigenous populations in selected areas of the state of Maranhão, in northeastern Brazil. Methods: This was a population-based survey with probabilistic sampling. For the diagnosis of trachoma, external ocular examination was performed using head magnifying loupes, at 2.5X magnification. The prevalence of trachomatous inflammation - follicular (TF) in children aged 1-9 years and the prevalence of trachomatous trichiasis (TT) in the population aged ≥15 years were estimated. Relative frequencies of sociodemographic and environmental characteristics were obtained. Results: The study included 7 971 individuals, 3 429 from non-indigenous populations and 4 542 from indigenous populations. The prevalence of TF in non-indigenous and indigenous populations was 0.1% and 2.9%, respectively, and the prevalence of TT among indigenous populations was 0.1%. Conclusions: The prevalence of TF and TT in the two evaluation units in the state of Maranhão were within the limits recommended for the elimination of trachoma as a public health problem. However, the prevalence of TF was higher in the indigenous evaluation unit, indicating a greater vulnerability of this population to the disease. The prevalence of TF of below 5.0% implies a reduction in transmission, which may have resulted from improved socioeconomic conditions and/or the implementation of the World Health Organization SAFE strategy.
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ABSTRACT Objective. To estimate the prevalence of trachoma in indigenous and non-indigenous populations in selected areas of the state of Maranhão, in northeastern Brazil. Methods. This was a population-based survey with probabilistic sampling. For the diagnosis of trachoma, external ocular examination was performed using head magnifying loupes, at 2.5X magnification. The prevalence of trachomatous inflammation - follicular (TF) in children aged 1-9 years and the prevalence of trachomatous trichiasis (TT) in the population aged ≥15 years were estimated. Relative frequencies of sociodemographic and environmental characteristics were obtained. Results. The study included 7 971 individuals, 3 429 from non-indigenous populations and 4 542 from indigenous populations. The prevalence of TF in non-indigenous and indigenous populations was 0.1% and 2.9%, respectively, and the prevalence of TT among indigenous populations was 0.1%. Conclusions. The prevalence of TF and TT in the two evaluation units in the state of Maranhão were within the limits recommended for the elimination of trachoma as a public health problem. However, the prevalence of TF was higher in the indigenous evaluation unit, indicating a greater vulnerability of this population to the disease. The prevalence of TF of below 5.0% implies a reduction in transmission, which may have resulted from improved socioeconomic conditions and/or the implementation of the World Health Organization SAFE strategy.
RESUMEN Objetivo. Estimar la prevalencia del tracoma en poblaciones indígenas y no indígenas en determinadas zonas del estado de Maranhão, en el nordeste de Brasil. Métodos. Se trató de una encuesta de ámbito poblacional con muestreo probabilístico. Para el diagnóstico del tracoma, se realizó un examen ocular externo con una lupa frontal de 2,5X aumentos. Se estimó la prevalencia de la inflamación tracomatosa folicular (TF) en la población infantil de 1 a 9 años y la prevalencia de la triquiasis tracomatosa (TT) en la población de 15 años o más. Se obtuvieron las frecuencias relativas de las características sociodemográficas y ambientales. Resultados. En el estudio participaron 7 971 personas, 3 429 de poblaciones no indígenas y 4 542 de poblaciones indígenas. La prevalencia de la TF en las poblaciones no indígenas e indígenas fue de 0,1% y 2,9%, respectivamente, en tanto que la de la TT en las poblaciones indígenas fue de 0,1%. Conclusiones. La prevalencia de la TF y la TT en las dos unidades de evaluación del estado de Maranhão estuvo dentro de los límites recomendados para la eliminación del tracoma como problema de salud pública. Sin embargo, la prevalencia de la TF fue mayor en la unidad de evaluación indígena, lo que indica una mayor vulnerabilidad de esta población a la enfermedad. La prevalencia de la TF inferior al 5,0% implica una reducción de la transmisión, que puede haber sido consecuencia tanto de la mejora de las condiciones socioeconómicas como de la aplicación de la estrategia SAFE de la Organización Mundial de la Salud.
RESUMO Objetivo. Estimar a prevalência do tracoma em populações indígenas e não indígenas em áreas selecionadas do estado do Maranhão, na região Nordeste do Brasil. Métodos. Inquérito de base populacional com amostragem probabilística. Para o diagnóstico de tracoma, foi realizado exame ocular externo com o auxílio de lupas binoculares com ampliação de 2,5×. Foram estimadas a prevalência de inflamação tracomatosa folicular (TF) em crianças de 1 a 9 anos de idade e a prevalência de triquíase tracomatosa (TT) na população com idade ≥15 anos. Foram obtidas as frequências relativas das características sociodemográficas e ambientais. Resultados. O estudo incluiu 7 971 indivíduos (3 429 de populações não indígenas e 4 542 de populações indígenas). A prevalência de TF nas populações não indígenas e indígenas foi de 0,1% e 2,9%, respectivamente, e a prevalência de TT entre as populações indígenas foi de 0,1%. Conclusões. A prevalência de TF e TT nas duas unidades de avaliação no estado do Maranhão ficou dentro dos limites recomendados para a eliminação do tracoma como problema de saúde pública. No entanto, a prevalência de TF foi maior na unidade de avaliação indígena, indicando uma maior vulnerabilidade dessa população à doença. A prevalência de TF abaixo de 5,0% implica uma redução na transmissão, que pode ter sido resultado de melhores condições socioeconômicas e da implementação da estratégia SAFE da Organização Mundial da Saúde.
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The aims of the study were to examine the moderating role of physical activity in the relationship between cardiometabolic risk factors and adiponectin concentration in adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 96 adolescents of both sexes, between 11 and 17 years old. Body mass, height, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein (LDL-c), triglycerides, insulin, adiponectin, C-reactive protein, and level of physical activity (energy expenditure questionnaire) were measured. Body mass index (BMI), triponderal mass index (TMI), homeostasis model to assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were calculated. Macro-PROCESS for SPSS was used for moderation analyses. Direct interactions were found for BMI, TMI, FM, insulin, and HOMA-IR and inverse for LDL-c, and QUICKI. Protection against cardiometabolic risk was found when the PA-coeff was completed above 1.57 coeff (BMI), 1.62 coeff (TMI), 1.55 coeff (FM), 1.41 coeff (LDL-c)1.60 coeff (insulin), 1.59 coeff (HOMA-IR) and 1.35 coeff (QUICKI). We conclude that physical activity was a moderator in the relationship with adiposity, insulin resistance and sensitivity, LDL-c, and adiponectin. In this context, we evidenced a relevant clinical impact on the health of adolescents, demonstrating the interaction between anthropometrics variables and physical activity.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares , Resistência à Insulina , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Adolescente , Criança , Adiponectina , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , LDL-Colesterol , Estudos Transversais , Índice de Massa Corporal , Insulina , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Exercício FísicoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To assess the contemporary prevalence of trachoma in Brazil's non-indigenous population, surveys of those thought to be at greatest risk of disease were conducted. METHODS: Rural census tracts of non-indigenous population from nine mesoregions were selected to compose the survey evaluation units (EUs) by considering previously endemic municipalities at greatest risk of trachoma. In each of the nine EUs, we conducted a population-based prevalence survey. Every resident of selected households aged ≥1 year was examined for trachomatous inflammation - follicular (TF) and trachomatous trichiasis (TT). Additionally, data were collected on household-level access to water, sanitation, hygiene (WASH) and education. RESULTS: A total of 27,962 individuals were examined across nine EUs. The age-adjusted TF prevalence in 1-9-year-olds was <5% in each EU. The age- and gender-adjusted prevalence of TT unknown to the health system in ≥15-year-olds was <0.2% in eight EUs; in one EU, it was 0.22%. The median number of households surveyed per EU with access to an improved drinking water source within a 30-minute roundtrip of the house was 66%. School attendance was >99% of surveyed children. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of TF was well below the target for elimination as a public health problem in all EUs. Because EUs surveyed were selected to represent the highest-risk non-indigenous areas of the country, TF prevalence is unlikely to be ≥5% in non-indigenous populations elsewhere. In one EU, the prevalence of TT was above the target threshold for elimination. Further investigation and possibly improvement in TT surgical provision are required in that EU.
Assuntos
Tracoma , Triquíase , Criança , Humanos , Lactente , Tracoma/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Saúde Pública , Triquíase/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Weeds compete with crops for limiting factors in the environment in which they live; therefore, studies that demonstrate the germination response of seeds subjected to artificial stress are important to understand the survival and adaptation capacities of these species under natural stress conditions. This study proposes to evaluate the effect of salinity and thermal conditions on the germination and vigor of seeds of Amaranthus deflexus L. Two experiments were conducted with sowing in Petri dishes containing two sheets of filter paper moistened with distilled water (control) or NaCl solutions. In experiment 1, a completely randomized experimental design was adopted with a 2 × 6 factorial arrangement consisting of two photoperiods (12 h light and 24 h dark) and six levels of salt stress (0, -0.3, -0.6, -0.9, -1.2, and -1.5 MPa), totaling twelve treatments, with four replications. At the end of the test, the seeds that did not germinate were washed and placed on paper towel substrate, which was moistened with water for hydration and to stimulate the germination process. Experiment 2 was also laid out in a completely randomized design and involved eight treatments (germination at 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 20/30, 25/35, and 30/40 °C) and four replicates each. Salt stress negatively affected the seed vigor of A. deflexus from the stress level of -0.3 MPa. The absence of light compromised seed vigor, regardless of the stress level applied. The final germination percentage and the germination speed index of A. deflexus seeds were superior at the constant temperature of 25 °C and in the alternating regime of 25-35 °C. The multivariate procedure discriminated treatments 1 and 2 as superior in dendrogram A, as well as 4, 5, and 6 in dendrogram B, making it a robust method for inference in factorial experiments on germination behavior.
As plantas daninhas competem com as culturas por fatores limitantes do meio em que vivem, portanto, estudos que apontem a resposta germinativa de sementes submetidas a estresses artificiais são importantes para entender a capacidade de sobrevivência e adaptação destas espécies sob condições de estresse naturais. Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar o efeito das condições salinas e térmicas sobre a germinação e vigor de sementes de Amaranthus deflexus L. Foram instalados dois experimentos, com semeadura realizada em placas de petri contendo duas folhas de papel de filtro umedecidas com água destilada (controle) ou com soluções de NaCl. No experimento 1 utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado (DIC), em esquema fatorial 2 x 6, constituído de dois fotoperíodos (12h luz e 24h escuro) e seis níveis de estresse salino (0; -0,3; -0,6; -0,9; -1,2 e -1,5 MPa), totalizando doze tratamentos, com quatro repetições. Ao final do teste, as sementes que não germinaram foram lavadas e colocadas em substrato papel toalha, umedecido com água para hidratação e estimular o processo germinativo. No experimento 2 utilizou-se um DIC com oito tratamentos (germinação sob 20; 25; 30; 35; 40°C, 20/30; 25/35 e 30/40°C) e quatro repetições cada. O estresse salino afetou negativamente o vigor das sementes de A. deflexus desde o nível de estresse de -0,3 MPa. O vigor das sementes foi comprometido pela ausência de luz, independentemente dos níveis de estresse aplicados. Houve superioridade na percentagem final de germinação e o índice de velocidade de germinação das sementes de A. deflexus na temperatura de 25°C constante e no regime alternado de 25-35°C. O procedimento multivariado discriminou os tratamentos 1 e 2 como superiores no dendograma A, bem como 4, 5 e 6 no dendograma B, configurando-se como método robusto para inferência em experimentos fatoriais sobre o comportamento germinativo.
Assuntos
Sementes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Germinação , Amaranthus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Plantas Daninhas , Estresse SalinoRESUMO
We aimed to investigate whether the expression levels and polymorphisms in the ADRB2 gene have influenced the anthropometric and cardiometabolic outcomes changes in obese/overweight children submitted to physical exercise programs. This longitudinal study included 197 overweight or obese children aged 10-16 years, submitted to physical exercise programs - three sessions per week for 12 weeks. Anthropometric and cardiometabolic profile was collected before and after interventions. The ADRB2 gene expression levels were also measured in these two moments in a small intervention group (n = 17) and a control group (n = 18). Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu polymorphisms were genotyped. A positive correlation between ADRB2 expression and loss of body fat (%) (p = 0.038) was observed, which remained after sex and BMI change corrections. Carriers of the Glu27Glu genotype presented a better response to physical exercise programs regarding their triglycerides levels and triglyceride-glucose index (p = 0.001 for both). The participants' responsiveness to physical exercise programs showed variation due to the ADRB2 gene expression and the Gln27Glu polymorphism. A more significant loss of body fat was associated with higher levels of ADRB2 expression, and the Glu27Glu genotype was associated with a better cardiometabolic response. The Arg16Gly polymorphism did not show interaction with the responsiveness to physical exercise.
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Sobrepeso/genética , Obesidade Infantil/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 2/genética , Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 2/metabolismo , Adolescente , Índice de Massa Corporal , Brasil , Criança , Exercício Físico , Terapia por Exercício , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Triglicerídeos/metabolismoRESUMO
To estimate the prevalence of cases of trachoma in the population at social risk aged 1-9 years in Pernambuco State and its mesoregions. This was a cross-sectional study in which secondary data from the National Household Survey on Trachoma (2014-2015) were analyzed. The study covered 96 census tracts distributed across the mesoregions of Pernambuco State (Metropolitan Region of Recife, Zona da Mata, Agreste, Sertao do Sao Francisco and Sertao Pernambucano). The study included all homes with children aged 1-9 years, and all of them were examined for trachoma, using the WHO criteria. Among the total of 7,423 children aged 1-9 years who participated in this survey, 446 presented with active trachoma. Thus, the prevalence of trachoma in Pernambuco State, in children between 1-9 years old was 6.65%, and it was higher among children aged 5-9 years (7.12%) and among girls (7.23%). This result was seen in the majority of the mesoregions studied, except in the Zona da Mata and Sertao do Sao Francisco, where there were higher prevalences in the age group of 1-4 years (5.55%) and among boys (5.90%). A tendency towards a higher prevalence between 1 and 6 years of age was observed. The follicular trachoma continues to be an important public health problem in Pernambuco State. It particularly affects poor people, including those living in urban areas of the State.
Assuntos
Tracoma/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Tracoma/diagnósticoRESUMO
The Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) is a program that aims to eliminate lymphatic filariasis by 2030. The GPELF strategy is based on interrupting transmission using mass drug administration (MDA) and, in parallel, managing morbidity cases. However, it has been seen that there is a shortage of research in the literature and public policies regarding this last pillar. In this study, we reviewed the literature and available information regarding the burden of filarial morbidity. In addition, we identified that in the Americas, the implementation of structured services with regard to morbidity assistance in the Americas was scarce. We formed a review that aimed to assess the pathogenesis, epidemiology, repercussions, and treatment of filarial morbidity in countries in the Americas where lymphatic filariasis is endemic. Structured searches were carried out on PubMed, LILACS, Scopus, and Web of Science databases without time and language restrictions. Three reviewers evaluated the 2150 studies and performed data extraction, and quality assessment by assigning scores to the studies found. The current literature and available information on the burden of filarial morbidity, as well as the implementation of structured services with regard to morbidity assistance in the Americas, were all found to be scarce. Now that this knowledge gap has been identified, both health services and researchers need to seek the implementation and enhancement of the maintenance of GPELF strategies that relate to the morbidity pillar.
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Filariose Linfática , Filariose Linfática/tratamento farmacológico , Filariose Linfática/epidemiologia , Filariose Linfática/prevenção & controle , Humanos , MorbidadeRESUMO
ABSTRACT The increased prevalence of obesity has endangered the health of Brazilian adolescents. Regular physical activity and lifestyle changes are recommended as prevention and treatment. However, there is no consensus on the dose-response of training programs. This study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of a high-intensity interval training program in aquatic environment (HIITAQ) on physical fitness and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese teenagers. The sample consisted of 18 adolescents of both sexes, aged 12 to 17 years, diagnosed with obesity. Anthropometric variables, physical fitness, blood glucose, and lipid profile were evaluated before and after 12 weeks of training. The program consisted of two sets of 4-8 repetitions for 30 seconds (85%-95% of maximal heart rate) and 60 seconds of active rest interval. After applying the program, a reduction in body mass index was seen, that is, BMI z-score (p <0.01), as well as a reduction of Total Cholesterol, TC (p <0.01), and LDL (p <0.01). There was an increase in basal metabolic rate (p <0.01) and peak VO2 (p <0.01). No differences were seen after the training with regard to fat percentage, body mass index (BMI) waist/height ratio (WHtR), fasting blood glucose, insulin, and HDL-c (p>0.05). The high-intensity training program in aquatic environment was effective in reducing cardiometabolic risk factors.
RESUMO A saúde de adolescentes brasileiros tem sido comprometida pelo aumento da prevalência da obesidade. A prática de exercício físico regular e modificações no estilo de vida são ações recomendadas como prevenção e tratamento. No entanto, não há consenso quanto à dose resposta dos programas de exercícios. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a efetividade de um programa de treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade no ambiente aquático (HIITAQ) na aptidão física e fatores de risco cardiometabólicos em adolescentes obesos. A amostra foi composta por 18 adolescentes de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 12 e 17 anos, com diagnóstico de obesidade. Foram avaliadas, variáveis antropométricas, aptidão física, glicemia e perfil lipídico, antes e após 12 semanas de treinamento. O programa foi composto por duas séries de 4 a 8 repetições com 30 segundos de duração (80-95% da frequência cardíaca máxima) por 60 segundos de recuperação ativa. Após o programa de exercícios verificou-se redução do índice de massa corporal escore z IMCz (p< 0,01), do Colesterol Total (p< 0,01) e LDL-c (p< 0,01). Houve aumento da taxa metabólica basal (p< 0,01) e do VO2 pico (p< 0,01). Não foram observadas diferenças após o treinamento no percentual de gordura, índice de massa corporal, IMC, relação cintura/estatura RCEst, glicemia em jejum, insulina e HDL-c (p>0,05). O programa de treinamento de alta intensidade no meio aquático foi efetivo na redução de fatores de risco cardiometabólicos.
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This study aimed to develop new prediction models from directly determined peak of oxygen uptake (VO2peak) in adolescents using 20-metre shuttle run test (20 m-SR) and to compare the new models with previously published equations. This study included 148 adolescents (43% girls), aged 13.37 ± 1.84 years old. Adolescents were randomly assigned to validation (n = 91) and cross-validation (n = 57) groups. VO2peak was measured using a gas analyser in both maximal exercise tests in the laboratory as well as by 20 m-SR. The multiple linear regression method was applied to develop the models using BMI, BMI-z score and body fat percentage (%FM). The proposed models presented better predictive performance (R2 = 75.6% to 78.9%) and a lower absolute percentage error (%error = 10.51 to 11.78%) than the previously published equations (R2 = 38.8% to 69.1%; %error = 13.13% to 21.54%). The Model with BMI-z was the best fit equation in girls, and the model with BMI-z and %FM in boys. Therefore, it is recommended that the equations developed in the present study be used in future research and projects in the school environment to estimate VO2peak in adolescents by the 20 m-SR test.
Assuntos
Aptidão Cardiorrespiratória/fisiologia , Teste de Esforço/métodos , Teste de Esforço/estatística & dados numéricos , Consumo de Oxigênio/fisiologia , Corrida/fisiologia , Adolescente , Distribuição da Gordura Corporal , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Ventilação Pulmonar , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Maturidade SexualRESUMO
Salinity is one of the most problematic abiotic stresses in agriculture globally, especially in semi-arid regions. Thus, the application of nutrients, such as nitrogen and potassium to improve plant nutritional conditions may be a viable alternative to minimize the negative effects of saline stress. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the morphophysiological behavior of yellow passion fruit seedlings under varying nitrogen and potassium doses and irrigation with salt water. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with a 5 x 5 incomplete factorial scheme, generated from the Central Composite Design with five electrical conductivities of irrigation water (0.5, 0.98, 2.15, 3.32, and 3. 80dS m-¹) and five increasing doses of nitrogen and potassium (0.0, 29.08, 100.0, 170.92, and 200.0%). Leaf, stem, and root dry phytomass and gas exchange were evaluated 75 days after sowing. The increase in salinity had negative effects on the morphological and physiological characteristics of yellow passion fruit seedlings. The application of nitrogen and potassium positively influenced photosynthetic rate and leaf and root dry phytomasses. The application of nitrogen and potassium increased intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration in yellow passion fruit seedlings under saline stress.(AU)
A salinidade é um dos estresses abióticos mais preocupantes na agricultura mundial, principalmente nas regiões semiáridas. Assim, a aplicação de nutrientes como nitrogênio e o potássio visando melhorar as condições nutricionais das plantas pode ser uma alternativa viável para minimizar os efeitos negativos do estresse salino. Portanto, objetivou-se avaliar o comportamento morfofisiológico de mudasd e maracujazeiro-amarelo sob doses de nitrogênio e potássio e irrigadas com águas salinas. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial incompleto 5x5, gerados a partir da matriz Composto Central de Box com cinco condutividades elétricas da água de irrigação (0,5; 0,98; 2,15; 3,32 e 3,80 dS m-¹) e cinco doses crescentes de nitrogênio e potássio (0,0; 29,08; 100,0; 170,92 e 200,0%). Foram avaliadas as fitomassas seca de folha, caule e raiz e as trocas gasosas aos 75 dias após a semeadura. O aumento da salinidade proporciona efeitos negativos nas características morfofisiológicas do maracujazeiro amarelo. A aplicação de nitrogênio e potássio influencia positivamente na taxa fotossintética e fitomassa seca das folhas e raiz. A aplicação de nitrogênio e potássio aumenta concentração intercelular de CO2 e transpiração de mudas de maracujazeiro-amarelo sob estresse salino.(AU)
Assuntos
Passiflora/efeitos dos fármacos , Passiflora/anatomia & histologia , Passiflora/fisiologia , Nitrogênio/administração & dosagem , Potássio/administração & dosagem , Estresse SalinoRESUMO
Salinity is one of the most problematic abiotic stresses in agriculture globally, especially in semi-arid regions. Thus, the application of nutrients, such as nitrogen and potassium to improve plant nutritional conditions may be a viable alternative to minimize the negative effects of saline stress. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the morphophysiological behavior of yellow passion fruit seedlings under varying nitrogen and potassium doses and irrigation with salt water. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with a 5 x 5 incomplete factorial scheme, generated from the Central Composite Design with five electrical conductivities of irrigation water (0.5, 0.98, 2.15, 3.32, and 3. 80dS m-¹) and five increasing doses of nitrogen and potassium (0.0, 29.08, 100.0, 170.92, and 200.0%). Leaf, stem, and root dry phytomass and gas exchange were evaluated 75 days after sowing. The increase in salinity had negative effects on the morphological and physiological characteristics of yellow passion fruit seedlings. The application of nitrogen and potassium positively influenced photosynthetic rate and leaf and root dry phytomasses. The application of nitrogen and potassium increased intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration in yellow passion fruit seedlings under saline stress.
A salinidade é um dos estresses abióticos mais preocupantes na agricultura mundial, principalmente nas regiões semiáridas. Assim, a aplicação de nutrientes como nitrogênio e o potássio visando melhorar as condições nutricionais das plantas pode ser uma alternativa viável para minimizar os efeitos negativos do estresse salino. Portanto, objetivou-se avaliar o comportamento morfofisiológico de mudasd e maracujazeiro-amarelo sob doses de nitrogênio e potássio e irrigadas com águas salinas. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial incompleto 5x5, gerados a partir da matriz Composto Central de Box com cinco condutividades elétricas da água de irrigação (0,5; 0,98; 2,15; 3,32 e 3,80 dS m-¹) e cinco doses crescentes de nitrogênio e potássio (0,0; 29,08; 100,0; 170,92 e 200,0%). Foram avaliadas as fitomassas seca de folha, caule e raiz e as trocas gasosas aos 75 dias após a semeadura. O aumento da salinidade proporciona efeitos negativos nas características morfofisiológicas do maracujazeiro amarelo. A aplicação de nitrogênio e potássio influencia positivamente na taxa fotossintética e fitomassa seca das folhas e raiz. A aplicação de nitrogênio e potássio aumenta concentração intercelular de CO2 e transpiração de mudas de maracujazeiro-amarelo sob estresse salino.
Assuntos
Estresse Salino , Nitrogênio/administração & dosagem , Passiflora/anatomia & histologia , Passiflora/efeitos dos fármacos , Passiflora/fisiologia , Potássio/administração & dosagemRESUMO
This study analyzed the association between individual and household factors and the incidence of trachoma among a population aged between 1 and 9 years in the state of Pernambuco. This was a population-based household study conducted using a population-based sample of residents from 96 census sectors of the 1778 sectors considered to be at social risk in the state. The estimated odds ratio of the univariate analysis presented a confidence interval of 95%. Weights and clusters were adjusted through the Generalized Linear and Latent Mixed Model (GLLAM) method. Trachoma cases were the dependent variable in the multivariate analysis. The independent variables were selected through the stepwise forward method, with an input criterion of 20% (p < 0.20) and an output criterion of 10% (p < 0.10). The prevalence was 6.65%. Trachoma was associated with a female sex, age of 5-9 years, either the absence of use or infrequent use of soap to wash the hands and face, the presence of nasal secretion, a lack of piped water from a public supply system, a greater number of rooms used for sleeping, a greater number of people living in the same household, and a family income of up to one minimum monthly wage. The prevalence of follicular trachoma in Pernambuco was higher than what is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).
RESUMO
Erythrina velutina é uma espécie endêmica da região Nordeste do Brasil, conhecida por exibir propriedades farmacológicas e potencial madeireiro. Entretanto, seu crescimento pode ser comprometido por fatores abióticos como escassez hídrica e excesso de sais. A utilização de reguladores de crescimento como o ácido salicílico está entre os métodos usados para mitigar os efeitos negativos de estresse nos vegetais. Com isso, objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento de mudas de Erythrina velutina submetida ao estresse salino e aplicação de ácido salicílico. O delineamento utilizado foi blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial incompleto 5x5, gerados a partir da matriz Composto Central de Box com cinco níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação (CEa= 0,5; 1,74; 4,75; 7,76 e 9,0 dS m-1) e cinco doses de ácido salicílico (AS= 0,0; 0,29; 1,0; 1,71 e 2,0 mM L-1), com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas a altura da planta, número de folhas, diâmetro do caule, taxa de crescimento relativo e absoluto da altura e diâmetro do caule, massa seca de raiz, do caule, da parte aérea e total e o índice da qualidade de Dickson. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F, nos casos de significância foi realizada análise de egressão polinomial. A salinidade promove sérios danos ao crescimento das plantas de Erythrina velutina, sendo mais acentuado nos níveis crescentes de condutividade elétrica. A aplicação de ácido salicílico nas concentrações utilizadas não atenua os efeitos da salinidade.
Erythrina velutina is an endemic species of the Northeast region of Brazil, known for displaying pharmacological properties and potential timber. However, its growth may be compromised by abiotic factors such as water scarcity and excess salts. The use of growth regulators such as salicylic acid is among the methods used to mitigate the negative effects of stress on vegetables. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of Erythrina velutina seedlings submitted to saline stress and salicylic acid application. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with a 5 x 5 incomplete factorial scheme, generated from the Central Composite Box matrix with five levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water (ECw= 0.5, 1.74, 4.75, 7,76 and 9.0 dS m-1) four doses of salicylic acid (SA= 0.0, 0.29, 1.0, 1.71 and 2.0 mM L-1), with four replicates. The following evaluated plant height, leaf number, stem diameter, relative and absolute growth rate of height and stem diameter, root dry matter, stem, shoot and total leaf weight and Dickson quality index. Data were submitted to analysis of variance by the F test, in cases of significance was performed polynomial regression analysis. The salinity promotes serious damage to the growth of Erythrina velutina plants, being more pronounced in increasing levels of electrical conductivity. The application of salicylic acid at the concentrations used does not attenuate the effects of salinity.
Assuntos
Erythrina/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Erythrina/efeitos dos fármacos , Erythrina/fisiologia , Estresse Salino/efeitos dos fármacos , Reguladores de Crescimento de Plantas/análise , Reguladores de Crescimento de Plantas/fisiologia , Ácido Salicílico/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Erythrina velutina é uma espécie endêmica da região Nordeste do Brasil, conhecida por exibir propriedades farmacológicas e potencial madeireiro. Entretanto, seu crescimento pode ser comprometido por fatores abióticos como escassez hídrica e excesso de sais. A utilização de reguladores de crescimento como o ácido salicílico está entre os métodos usados para mitigar os efeitos negativos de estresse nos vegetais. Com isso, objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento de mudas de Erythrina velutina submetida ao estresse salino e aplicação de ácido salicílico. O delineamento utilizado foi blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial incompleto 5x5, gerados a partir da matriz Composto Central de Box com cinco níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação (CEa= 0,5; 1,74; 4,75; 7,76 e 9,0 dS m-1) e cinco doses de ácido salicílico (AS= 0,0; 0,29; 1,0; 1,71 e 2,0 mM L-1), com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas a altura da planta, número de folhas, diâmetro do caule, taxa de crescimento relativo e absoluto da altura e diâmetro do caule, massa seca de raiz, do caule, da parte aérea e total e o índice da qualidade de Dickson. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F, nos casos de significância foi realizada análise de egressão polinomial. A salinidade promove sérios danos ao crescimento das plantas de Erythrina velutina, sendo mais acentuado nos níveis crescentes de condutividade elétrica. A aplicação de ácido salicílico nas concentrações utilizadas não atenua os efeitos da salinidade.(AU)
Erythrina velutina is an endemic species of the Northeast region of Brazil, known for displaying pharmacological properties and potential timber. However, its growth may be compromised by abiotic factors such as water scarcity and excess salts. The use of growth regulators such as salicylic acid is among the methods used to mitigate the negative effects of stress on vegetables. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of Erythrina velutina seedlings submitted to saline stress and salicylic acid application. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with a 5 x 5 incomplete factorial scheme, generated from the Central Composite Box matrix with five levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water (ECw= 0.5, 1.74, 4.75, 7,76 and 9.0 dS m-1) four doses of salicylic acid (SA= 0.0, 0.29, 1.0, 1.71 and 2.0 mM L-1), with four replicates. The following evaluated plant height, leaf number, stem diameter, relative and absolute growth rate of height and stem diameter, root dry matter, stem, shoot and total leaf weight and Dickson quality index. Data were submitted to analysis of variance by the F test, in cases of significance was performed polynomial regression analysis. The salinity promotes serious damage to the growth of Erythrina velutina plants, being more pronounced in increasing levels of electrical conductivity. The application of salicylic acid at the concentrations used does not attenuate the effects of salinity.(AU)
Assuntos
Erythrina/efeitos dos fármacos , Erythrina/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Erythrina/fisiologia , Estresse Salino/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Salicílico/administração & dosagem , Reguladores de Crescimento de Plantas/análise , Reguladores de Crescimento de Plantas/fisiologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: The fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene is involved in energy homeostasis. The A allele of the rs9939609 (SNP; T>A) is associated with obesity and higher food intake, while its effect in energy expenditure remains unclear. The aim of this study is to examine whether FTO rs9939609 is associated with the anthropometric outcomes of a physical exercise program and a dietary intervention. METHODS: We studied two independent samples. The first was composed by children and adolescents in which overweight and obese individuals were submitted to a physical exercise program (n = 136) and normal weight participants served as a control group (n = 172). The second sample was composed by obese women submitted to a hypocaloric dietary intervention (n = 126). RESULTS: Physical exercise and dietary intervention were effective, independently of genotype. We found no association of FTO rs9939609 with obesity in children and adolescents (p = 0.67). The rs9939609 affected the response to dietary intervention in obese women: A allele carriers reduced 2.7 cm less of abdominal circumference (AC) than homozygous TT (p = 0.04), while no effect was observed in response to physical exercise in overweight and obese children and adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: The A allele is associated with a worse outcome in response to the hypocaloric dietary intervention regarding abdominal circumference reduction; the same allele did not show interaction with any anthropometric outcomes in response to the exercise program applied.
Assuntos
Dioxigenase FTO Dependente de alfa-Cetoglutarato/genética , Antropometria , Dieta Redutora/métodos , Exercício Físico , Sobrepeso/terapia , Programas de Redução de Peso/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Alelos , Brasil , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Adulto JovemRESUMO
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00260.].
RESUMO
Purpose: The rs9939609 SNP (T > A) in FTO gene is associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. The present study aimed at verifying whether this SNP influenced biochemical outcomes of children and adolescents who are overweight/obese submitted to a program of physical exercise and also if there was influence on basal levels of these biochemical variables. Methods: The sample was composed by 432 children and adolescents grouped in three ways (obese, overweight, and normal weight); of these, 135 children and adoloescents who are obese and overweight were submitted to a physical exercise program for 12 weeks. All were genotyped by TaqMan SNP genotyping assay. Results: The children and adolescents who are overweight/obese and carriers of AA genotype had higher levels of insulin (p=0.03) and HOMA (p=0.007) and lower levels of glucose (p=0.003), but the SNP did not modulate the response to physical exercise. Conclusions: In our study, the rs9939609 AA genotype was associated with parameters related to insulin metabolism but did not interact with physical exercise.
Assuntos
Dioxigenase FTO Dependente de alfa-Cetoglutarato/genética , Metabolismo Basal/fisiologia , Exercício Físico , Frequência do Gene/fisiologia , Insulina/metabolismo , Obesidade/genética , Sobrepeso/genética , Adolescente , Índice de Massa Corporal , Brasil , Criança , Feminino , Estudos de Associação Genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso/prevenção & controle , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Programas de Redução de PesoRESUMO
PURPOSE: Trachoma was hyperendemic in Brazil until the 20th century. The prevalence has declined sharply in the past decades. The aim of this study was to estimate trachoma prevalence in schoolchildren in Brazilian municipalities with a Human Development Index (HDI) below the national mean. METHODS: A cluster random sampling survey on trachoma prevalence was carried out. Brazilian municipalities with HDI below the national mean, within each of the 27 states, were stratified into three strata according to population size. In each stratum, schools were systematically selected to comprise a sample of 2400 schoolchildren, totaling 7200 per state. In each selected school, children enrolled from 1st to 4th grade were examined for trachoma. The simplified trachoma grading system was used. At a meeting held in each school, the study was explained to parents, and verbal consent sought. RESULTS: A total of 185,862 children were enrolled in the selected schools. Of these, 171,973 (92.5%) participated in the study. The overall prevalence of trachomatous inflammation - follicular was 5.0% (95% confidence interval 4.7-5.3%), varying from 1.5% to 9.0% among the states. Prevalence was significantly associated with the sampling stratum (being higher in small municipalities), the zone in which the school was located (higher in rural schools), and with age (higher among younger children). CONCLUSION: Trachoma is still a public health problem in Brazil, although at a low level of endemicity. As the country advances towards the elimination of blinding trachoma, this survey provides a baseline for evaluation of ongoing and future elimination interventions.