RESUMO
O aumento da expectativa de vida exige a diferenciação entre os efeitos normais e patológicos do envelhecimento.Várias sociedades médicas desenvolveram diretrizes para o diagnóstico de investigação, tratamento e acompanhamento da reposição hormonal em homens com hipogonadismo de início tardio.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Andropausa , Comportamento Sexual/fisiologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Testosterone is needed for normal male development, muscle strength, bone mineralization, hematopoietic function, and sexual and reproductive functions. The main purpose of androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer is to reduce tumor progression, but therapy is often accompanied by significant adverse effects. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the effects of androgen deprivation therapy on body composition and resting metabolic rate in patients with prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective study was performed to evaluate the body composition of 16 elderly males (aged 63-96; median age 71) with prostate cancer scheduled for orchiectomy, one year before and after surgery. Body composition was measured by DEXA, and energy expenditure, fat and carbohydrate oxidation were measured by indirect calorimetry. RESULTS: Body weight (p=0.01), lean mass (p=0.004), and lipid oxidation (p=0.001) decreased significantly. Carbohydrate oxidation (p=0.02), FSH (p=0.0001) and LH (p=0.0001) levels increased significantly. Changes in fat mass (p=0.06) and bone mineral density (p=0.48) were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: After 12 months of androgen deprivation therapy, elderly men with metastatic prostate cancer exhibit a decline in lean body mass and lipid oxidation, together with increased carbohydrate oxidation.
Assuntos
Composição Corporal/fisiologia , Metabolismo dos Carboidratos/fisiologia , Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/fisiologia , Orquiectomia , Neoplasias da Próstata/cirurgia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Período Pós-Operatório , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios , Estudos Prospectivos , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Testosterone is needed for normal male development, muscle strength, bone mineralization, hematopoietic function, and sexual and reproductive functions. The main purpose of androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer is to reduce tumor progression, but therapy is often accompanied by significant adverse effects. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the effects of androgen deprivation therapy on body composition and resting metabolic rate in patients with prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective study was performed to evaluate the body composition of 16 elderly males (aged 63-96; median age 71) with prostate cancer scheduled for orchiectomy, one year before and after surgery. Body composition was measured by DEXA, and energy expenditure, fat and carbohydrate oxidation were measured by indirect calorimetry. RESULTS: Body weight (p=0.01), lean mass (p=0.004), and lipid oxidation (p=0.001) decreased significantly. Carbohydrate oxidation (p=0.02), FSH (p=0.0001) and LH (p=0.0001) levels increased significantly. Changes in fat mass (p=0.06) and bone mineral density (p=0.48) were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: After 12 months of androgen deprivation therapy, elderly men with metastatic prostate cancer exhibit a decline in lean body mass and lipid oxidation, together with increased carbohydrate oxidation.
Assuntos
Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Composição Corporal/fisiologia , Metabolismo dos Carboidratos/fisiologia , Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/fisiologia , Orquiectomia , Neoplasias da Próstata/cirurgia , Período Pós-Operatório , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios , Estudos Prospectivos , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
Evidence suggests low testosterone levels in Alzheimer's disease. OBJECTIVES: To compare testosterone levels between older men with and without Alzheimer's disease. METHODS: Fourteen men with Alzheimer's disease were compared with twenty eight men without dementia. Demographic variables and clinical profiles were analyzed. Within fifteen days before or after the described evaluation, measures of total testosterone and Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) were performed. Free testosterone level was calculated based on total testosterone and SHBG. Quantitative variables were analyzed using Student's t test or Kruskal-Wallis test, while qualitative variables were analyzed using chi-square or Fisher test. RESULTS: Mean age in the Control and Alzheimer's disease groups were 72.0 (SD±4.8) years and 79.3(SD±5.9) years, respectively (p=0.001). Mean schooling between these two groups were 8.78 and (±5.86) years, respectively (p=0.022). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups for testosterone levels, although a trend was observed for the Alzheimer's disease group to present lower levels than the control group (p=0.066). There was no direct correlation between free testosterone and age, although a trend was evident (p=0.068). CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant difference in testosterone between men with AD and those without dementia.
Evidências sugerem testosterona reduzida na doença de Alzheimer (DA). OBJETIVOS: comparar níveis de testosterona entre homens idosos com doença de Alzheimer e sem demência. MÉTODOS: Comparamos 14 indivíduos com doença de Alzheimer leve e moderada, provável e possível e 28 sem demência. Analisamos variáveis demográficas e perfil clínico. Em um período de quinze dias antes ou depois da avaliação clínica, foram realizadas coletas séricas de testosterona total e SHBG. Testosterona livre foi calculada baseada na testosterona total e SHBG. Variáveis quantitativas foram analisadas pelo teste T-Student (paramétricas) ou Kruskal-Wallis (não-paramétricas); variáveis qualitativas, pelo teste Qui-quadrado ou de Fisher. RESULTADOS: Médias de idade nos grupos Controle e DA foram 72,0 (±4,8) e 79,3 (±5,9) anos, respectivamente (p=0,001). Médias de escolaridade entre os grupos foram de 8.78 e 5.86 anos, respectivamente (p=0,022). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os níveis de testosterona livre nos dois grupos, embora se observasse uma tendência do grupo DA a apresentar níveis menores que o controle (p=0,066). Não houve correlação direta entre testosterona livre e idade, embora seja possível observar uma tendência (p=0,068). CONCLUSÕES: não houve diferença significativa quanto aos níveis de testosterona entre indivíduos com DA e sem demência.
RESUMO
O padräo de normalidade para os limiares de audiometria tonal convencional está bem estabelecido, porém näo há dados de literatura semelhantes para a avaliaçäo auditiva em altas frequencias. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de determinar um padräo médio de limiares em altas frequencias para individuos sem afcçöes otológicas. Foram examinados 158 individuos com idade entre 4 a 60 anos, testando-se as frequencias de 10, 12, 5, 14 e 16 kHz. Encontramos alteraçäo nos limiares na quarta década em 16 kHz, na quinta em 12,5, 14 e 16kHz e na sexta em todas as frequencias. Concluímos que a idade pode interferir nas respostas à audiometria de altas frequencias.