RESUMO

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of healthy Chilean children aged 3-10 years in the 6-minute walking test (6MWT) and cardiometabolic risk variables and to determine sex- and age-specific reference values. METHODS: This study involved 1165 healthy children (age = 6.36 [1.70] y old). The 6MWT was used to evaluate exercise performance. Furthermore, anthropometric measures were collected, like weight, height, body mass index, waist circumference, and skin folds. Resting heart rate and blood pressure (BP) were also evaluated. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 35.0% and 25.4% in preschoolers and 29.0% and 36.2% in school-age children, respectively, showing significant differences (P < .05) between age groups. The distance walked (6-min walk distance) increased significantly year on year at ages from 3 to 10 years. According to the regression analysis, 6MWT performance was positively related to age, systolic BP, and height, whereas it was negatively related to ∑4 skinfold fat, resting heart rate, diastolic BP, and waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a reference equation and an age- and sex-adjusted percentile curve to assess the predicted 6MWT performance in a cohort of prepubertal Chilean children. The 6-minute walk distance depends mainly on age; however, other variables, such as resting heart rate, BP, skinfold fat, and waist circumference, add significant information and should be taken into account.

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a high intensity interval training (HIIT) program on anthropomorphic and cardiometabolic variables in schoolchildren with overweight and obesity. A total of 443 schoolchildren (age: 6.37 ± 0.65 years) took part in this study. The experimental group (EG; n = 295; age = 6.40 ± 0.64 years) was compound with children with overweight and obesity, whereas children with normoweight were included in the control group (CG; n = 148; 6.31 ± 0.67 years). The EG performed a training program based on HIIT two times per week for 28 weeks (56 sessions), whilst the CG performed their habitual physical education classes based on the national curriculum. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, body fat, ∑ 4 skinfold fat, waist to height ratio, waist circumference, and cardiometabolic risk were measured. The dependent variables were analysed by two-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA 2 × 2). To analyse the percentage differences between groups, the chi-square test was used. P-value was set at p < 0.05. Significant differences were found in the EG in BMI, waist circumference, body fat, ∑ 4 skinfold fat, and waist to height ratio. In conclusion, an HIIT training program can be an effective tool for improving anthropomorphic variables and reducing cardiometabolic risk in schoolchildren with overweight and obesity.

RESUMO

A healthy lifestyle, including food habits, physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST), is an important factor for well-being. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the association between lifestyle (i.e., PA, ST and food habits), self-esteem and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). A second objective was to determine the association between self-esteem with HRQoL, considering the mediating effect of lifestyle. A descriptive and cross-sectional study was performed, involving both girls (n = 282, 11.86 ± 0.82 years) and boys (n = 352, 12.02 ± 0.87 years). Lifestyle, self-esteem, HRQoL and anthropometrics parameters were evaluated. The study reported that self-esteem (ß; 0.04, P = 0.49) and PA (ß; 1.15, P < 0.001) had positive association with HRQoL. By contrast,ST was linked in an inverse way to HRQoL (ß; -1.82,, P < 0.001). According to the second objective, self-esteem had a significant association with HRQoL (total effect = 0.48, p < 0.01), and ST mediated this association negatively, instead, PA and food habits positively mediated this association. In conclusion, self-esteem presented association with HRQoL and lifestyle mediates this relationship positively (PA, MD adherence) and negatively (ST). Therefore, promoting healthy lifestyle among children should be a target of community- and school-based interventions to promote well-being.

Assuntos

Estilo de Vida , Qualidade de Vida , Criança , Chile/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Autoimagem

RESUMO

The objective of this investigation was to determine the association between selective attention and concentration with physical fitness (i.e., cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), V˙O2max, the standing long jump test (SLJ) and handgrip muscle strength (HGS)), lifestyle parameters (i.e., physical activity (PA) level, screen time (ST), sleep duration and food habits) and anthropometric measures (i.e., body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC)) among Chilean schoolchildren. Two hundred and forty-eight schoolchildren (137 boys, 111 girls, 11.80 ± 1.17 and 11.58 ± 1.09 years, respectively) participated. Selective attention, concentration and lifestyle (PA, ST, sleep duration and Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence) were determined using a standard questionnaire. CRF, SLJ, HGS and anthropometric indicators (BMI and WC) were also measured. Selective attention showed a positive association with MD adherence score (ß; 5.012, p = p < 0.05). Concentration was linked inversely to ST (ß; -5.498, p = p < 0.05). Likewise, concentration presented a positive association with MD adherence (ß; 2.904, p = p < 0.05). In conclusion, children's lifestyles are related to the selective attention and concentration of children; therefore, promoting healthy habits could be a cost-effective strategy in the promotion of cognitive development, as it relates to selective attention and concentration.

RESUMO

Concurrent training (CT), characterised by combining both aerobic and resistance training modalities within the same session, is recognised to improve metabolic syndrome (MetS) markers, but little is known about the effects of different configurations (i.e., order) of these exercise modalities on MetS markers and the interindividual responses. The purpose of the present study was to describe the effects, and the interindividual variability, of 20weeks of two CT configurations (i.e., high intensity interval training (HIIT) plus resistance training (RT), compared with RT plus HIIT) in women with severe/morbid obesity. Overall, 26 women with severe/morbid obesity were assigned either to HIIT+RT [n=14, mean and 95%CI, 45.79 (40.74; 50.83) or RT+HIIT (n=12), 33.6 (25.30; 41.79) years]. MetS-related outcomes were waist circumference (WC, cm), systolic (SBP, mmHg) and diastolic (DBP, mmHg) blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), triglycerides (Tg), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Secondary outcomes were other anthropometrics, body composition, lipids, muscle strength, and the six-minute walk test (6Mwt). There were significant differences in the prevalence of nonresponders (NRs) only for WC comparing HIIT+RT 2 (18.1%) vs. RT+HIIT group 5 (50.0%), p<0.0001, but not for SBP 4 (27.2%) vs. 4 (40.0%), DBP 8 (72.7%) vs. 7 (70.0%), FPG 8 (72.7%) vs. 9 (90.0%), HDL-c 7 (63.6%) vs. 8 (80.0%), and Tg 7 (63.6%) vs. 8 (80.0%), all p>0.05. Additionally, the RT+HIIT group showed significant reductions in WC (∆ -3.84cm, p=0.015), SBP (∆ -8.46mmHg, p=0.040), whereas the HIIT+RT group elicited significant reductions only in SBP (∆ -8.43mmHg, p=0.022). The HIIT+RT promoted a lower prevalence of NRs than the RT+HIIT configuration on WC, and overall, there were slightly more beneficial training-induced effects on markers of MetS in the RT+HIIT group compared to the HIIT+RT group.

RESUMO

The purpose of this cross-cultural study was to determine the association between the sociodemographic background of a child's parents (i.e., their socioeconomic level, marital status, and educational level) with the child's lifestyle (i.e., Mediterranean diet (MD), physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST)), and health markers. Material: This cross-sectional study included 1273 children, from Chile (n = 496), Colombia (n = 340), and Spain (n = 437). The sociodemographic information together with the lifestyle and health markers of the children were measured. There was an inverse association between a low or medium-low socioeconomic level for the parents of Chilean children and handgrip strength (ß -0.61, p < 0.001); meanwhile, for Spanish children, an inverse association between a low or medium-low socioeconomic level and PA after school (ß -0.58, p = 0.016), lifestyle (ß -0.74, p = 0.015), and with MD adherence (ß -0.86, p = 0.004) was found. The risk (i.e., by odd ratios (OR)) of being divorced/separated parents marital status showed an inverse association with abdominal obesity (OR 0.21, p = 0.045) in Spanish children; however, the parent's marital status and a low educational level were risk factors for the suffering of a low nutritional level in Colombian children (OR 2.02, p = 0.048; OR 2.49, p < 0.001, respectively). On the other hand, a low educational level for parents reported for Chilean children had a positive association with ST of ≥4 h per day (OR 1.82, p = 0.020). In conclusion, in Spanish-speaking children, the lifestyle and health markers of the children are affected by the sociodemographic background of their parents; however, these effects could be moderated by the socio-cultural and economic status of their countries as members of the OCDE; therefore, it is essential to develop policies that decrease these gaps, so that children who are under-resourced can reach their full potential.

Assuntos

Dieta , Exercício Físico , Estilo de Vida , Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico , Aptidão Física , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Chile , Colômbia , Estudos Transversais , Dieta Mediterrânea , Escolaridade , Comportamento Alimentar , Feminino , Força da Mão , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidade , Pais , Instituições Acadêmicas , Tempo de Tela , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Espanha

RESUMO

The objective was to investigate the association between creativity and memory with cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF; i.e., CFR classification and V˙O2max); lifestyle parameters (i.e., physical activity (PA), sleep duration, screen time (ST), and food habits); and anthropometric measures (i.e., body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC)) among Chilean schoolchildren. A total of 248 schoolchildren (137 boys, 111 girls, 11.80 ± 1.17 and 11.58 ± 1.09 years, respectively) participated in the cross-sectional study. Creativity, memory, concentration, and selective attention and lifestyle (PA, ST, sleep duration, and Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence) were measured using a standard questionnaire. CRF (measured by the 20 m shuttle run test and expressed as maximum oxygen consumption (V˙O2max) and anthropometric measures (BMI and WC) were also included. Creativity showed a positive association with V˙O2max (mL/kg/min) (ß; 0.209, 95% CI; 0.02-0.40, p = p < 0.05) and MD Adherence (score) (ß; 0.206, 95% CI; 0.01; 0.74, p = p < 0.05). Long-term memory reported a positive association with CRF (ß; 1.076, 95% CI; 0.02-2.13, p = p < 0.05). An increase in CRF levels, together with healthy food habits and normal nutritional status, should be a target for community- and school-based interventions to promote cognitive development in creativity and memory among schoolchildren.

Assuntos

Aptidão Cardiorrespiratória , Criatividade , Estilo de Vida , Memória , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Chile , Estudos Transversais , Dieta Mediterrânea/estatística & dados numéricos , Exercício Físico , Comportamento Alimentar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estado Nutricional , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Consumo de Oxigênio , Instituições Acadêmicas , Tempo de Tela , Sono , Inquéritos e Questionários , Circunferência da Cintura

RESUMO

ABSTRACT: García-Pinillos, F, Roche-Seruendo, LE, Marcen-Cinca, N, Marco-Contreras, LA, and Latorre-Román, PA. Absolute reliability and concurrent validity of the Stryd system for the assessment of running stride kinematics at different velocities. J Strength Cond Res 35(1): 78-84, 2021-This study aimed to determine the absolute reliability and to evaluate the concurrent validity of the Stryd system for measuring spatiotemporal variables during running at different velocities (8-20 km·h-1) by comparing data with another widely used device (the OptoGait system). Eighteen trained male endurance runners performed an incremental running test (8-20 km·h-1 with 3-minute stages) on a treadmill. Spatiotemporal parameters (contact time [CT], flight time [FT], step length [SL], and step frequency [SF]) were measured using 2 different devices (Stryd and OptoGait systems). The Stryd system showed a coefficient of variation (CV) <3%, except for FT (3.7-11.6%). The OptoGait achieved CV <4%, except for FT (6.0-30.6%). Pearson correlation analysis showed large correlations for CT and FT, and almost perfect for SL and SF over the entire protocol. The intraclass correlation coefficients partially support those results. Paired t-tests showed that CT was underestimated (p < 0.05, effect size [ES] > 0.7; ∼4-8%), FT overestimated (p < 0.05, ES > 0.7; ∼7-65%), whereas SL and SF were very similar between systems (ES < 0.1, with differences <1%). The Stryd is a practical portable device that is reliable for measuring CT, FT, SL, and SF during running. It provides accurate SL and SF measures but underestimates CT (0.5-8%) and overestimates FT (3-67%) compared with a photocell-based system.

Assuntos

Marcha , Corrida , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Teste de Esforço , Masculino , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes

RESUMO

Background: Sleep quality (SQ) plays a role in multiple activities of daily living, but little is known about its role in concurrent training [CT, high-intensity interval (HIIT) plus resistance training (RT)] adaptations for metabolic syndrome (MetS) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) markers. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of a 20-week CT programme on MetS and HRQoL markers according to the SQ of morbidly obese patients. Methods: Twenty-nine morbidly obese patients were allocated to one of two groups: good sleep quality (GSQ, n = 15, 38.07 ± 12.26 years) and poor sleep quality (PSQ, n = 14, 40.79 ± 11.62 years). HRQoL, body mass index, waist circumference (WC), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SDP and DBP, respectively), and plasma outcomes were measured. Results: The GSQ group reported significant changes (pre- vs. post-intervention) in WC (114.0 ± 3.1 vs. 110.4 ± 3.4 cm, p = 0.012), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (137.0 ± 4.3 vs. 125.6 ± 1.8 mmHg, p = 0.006), and HRQoL general health (51.33 ± 21.08 vs. 64.33 ± 16.24, p = 0.020). By contrast, the PSQ group showed significant changes only in SQ (9.00 ± 2.42 vs. 5.36 ± 2.84, p = 0.004). Conclusions: Morbidly obese PSQ patients showed a lower response for improving MetS and HRQoL markers after a 20-week CT programme than GSQ peers. However, there was a greater effect size for decreasing WC and SBP in favour of the GSQ compared with the PSQ group, suggesting that there are limitations to CT benefits on these outcomes in the PSQ group. These results call for more complex future studies.

Assuntos

Síndrome Metabólica , Obesidade Mórbida , Qualidade de Vida , Sono , Atividades Cotidianas , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pacientes

RESUMO

The association between the changes in lifestyle during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) confinement and body weight have not been studied deeply. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine lifestyle changes, such as eating habits and physical activity (PA) patterns, caused by confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic and to analyze its association with changes in body weight. Seven hundred participants (women, n = 528 and men, n = 172) aged between 18-62 years old of the Chilean national territory participated in the study. Food habits, PA, body weight, and sociodemographic variables were measured through a survey in May and June 2020. The body weight increase presented positive association with the consumption of fried foods ≥ 3 times per week (OR; 3.36, p < 0.001), low water consumption (OR; 1.58, p = 0.03), and sedentary time ≥6 h/day (OR; 1.85, p = 0.01). Conversely, fish consumed (OR; 0.67, p = 0.03), active breaks (OR; 0.72, p = 0.04), and PA ≥ 4 times per week (OR; 0.51, p = 0.001) presented an inverse association with body weight increase. Daily alcohol consumption (OR; 4.77, p = 0.003) was associated with PA decrease. Food habits, PA, and active breaks may be protective factors for weight increase during COVID-19 confinement.

Assuntos

Infecções por Coronavirus/fisiopatologia , Exercício Físico , Comportamento Alimentar , Pneumonia Viral/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Betacoronavirus , Peso Corporal , COVID-19 , Chile , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/virologia , Ingestão de Líquidos , Feminino , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Viral/virologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the association between Mediterranean diet adherence, physical activity (PA) patterns (i.e., screen time and PA after school), and weight status with the cardiovascular response following a cardiorespiratory fitness test. METHODS: Participants were 605 school children: 272 girls (11.79 ± 0.93 y old) and 333 boys (12.06 ± 1.03 y old). Body mass index, waist circumference (WC), food habits, and PA patterns were evaluated. Heart rate (HR), and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures were assessed before and immediately after the 20-m shuttle run test and the changes induced were calculated (Δ = post/pretest). RESULTS: The cardiovascular response was higher in obese than normal weight and overweight children in terms of HR (P = 0.007) and SBP (P < 0.001). The ΔSBP presented inverse association with WC (ß = -0.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.17 to -0.01; P = 0.026), food habits (ß = -0.65; 95% CI, -0.81 to -0.49; P < 0.001), PA after school (ß = -7.03; 95% CI, -7.84 to -6.22; P < 0.001) and PA patterns (ß = -5.96; 95% CI, -6.40 to -5.52, P < 0.001). ΔDBP was not associated with food habits or PA patterns (P > 0.005). Finally, ΔHR reported inverse association with PA patterns (ß = -1.67; 95% CI, -3.18 to -0.17; P = 0.029). CONCLUSION: School children with obesity showed a higher cardiovascular response in HR and SBP than normal weight and overweight peers. Moreover, the increment of the SBP presented inverse association with food habits and PA patterns.

Assuntos

Peso Corporal/fisiologia , Dieta Mediterrânea/estatística & dados numéricos , Teste de Esforço/estatística & dados numéricos , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Comportamento Alimentar/fisiologia , Pressão Sanguínea , Índice de Massa Corporal , Aptidão Cardiorrespiratória/fisiologia , Criança , Chile , Feminino , Frequência Cardíaca , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidade Infantil/fisiopatologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Circunferência da Cintura

RESUMO

This study aimed to evaluate the concurrent validity of two different inertial measurement units for measuring spatiotemporal parameters during running on a treadmill, by comparing data with a high-speed video analysis (VA) at 1,000 Hz. Forty-nine endurance runners performed a running protocol on a treadmill at comfortable velocity (i.e., 3.25 ± 0.36 m.s-1). Those wearable devices (i.e., Stryd™ and RunScribe™ systems) were compared to a high-speed VA, as a reference system for measuring spatiotemporal parameters (i.e. contact time [CT], flight time [FT], step frequency [SF] and step length [SL]) during running at comfortable velocity. The pairwise comparison revealed that the Stryd™ system underestimated CT (5.2%, p < 0.001) and overestimated FT (15.1%, p < 0.001) compared to the VA; whereas the RunScribe™ system underestimated CT (2.3%, p = 0.009). No significant differences were observed in SF and SL between the wearable devices and VA. The intra class correlation coefficient (ICC) revealed an almost perfect association between both systems and high-speed VA (ICC > 0.81). The Bland-Altman plots revealed heteroscedasticity of error (r2 = 0.166) for the CT from the Stryd™ system, whereas no heteroscedasticity of error (r2 < 0.1) was revealed in the rest of parameters. In conclusion, the results obtained suggest that both foot pods are valid tools for measuring spatiotemporal parameters during running on a treadmill at comfortable velocity. If the limits of agreement of both systems are considered in respect to high-speed VA, the RunScribe™ seems to be a more accurate system for measuring temporal parameters and SL than the Stryd™ system.

Assuntos

Teste de Esforço/instrumentação , Marcha/fisiologia , Corrida/fisiologia , Análise Espaço-Temporal , Dispositivos Eletrônicos Vestíveis , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Gravação em Vídeo , Adulto Jovem

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been widely used to fight cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents and adults, but no data are available on its applicability in children. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of HIIT on different anthropometric and cardiovascular parameters of overweight and obese children aged 7-9 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Four groups were formed: 1) an overweight control group (OWCG, n=30, BMI=21.60±3.72kg/m2); 2) an obesity control group (OCG, n=34, BMI=23.92±3.11kg/m2); 3) an overweight intervention group (OWIG, n=69, BMI=20.01±1.88kg/m2), and 4) an obesity intervention group (OIG, n=141, BMI=24.12±2.66kg/m2). BMI, body fat (BF), waist circumference, height-waist ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) were assessed before and after intervention. RESULTS: There were significant differences in BMI (P<.001), BF (P<.001), and CRF (P<.001) between the groups (control vs. intervention) before and after intervention (OWCG vs. OWIG and OCG vs. OIG). BMI decreased in the OWIG (BMI, 20.01±1.88 at baseline vs. 19.00±2.02 after HIIT, P<.001) and OIG (BMI, 24.12±2.66 at baseline vs. 23.23±3.23 after HIIT, P<.001) groups. Similarly, BF decreased in the OWIG (BF, 21.84±4.97 at baseline vs. 19.55±4.81% after HIIT, P<.001) and OIG (BF, 30.26±11.49 at baseline vs. 26.81±6.80% after HIIT, P<.001) groups. CRF improved in both intervention groups (P<.001). There was a significant decrease in the prevalence rate of schoolchildren with obesity (from 66.4% to 49.6%) (P<.001). CONCLUSION: The intervention conducted in the school setting improved the anthropometric and cardiovascular parameters of schoolchildren, and also allowed for reducing the proportion of schoolchildren with obesity.

Assuntos

Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade , Obesidade Infantil/terapia , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Instituições Acadêmicas , Resultado do Tratamento

RESUMO

This study aimed to examine how the power output changes while running at a continuous comfortable velocity on a motorized treadmill by comparing running power averaged during different time intervals. Forty-nine endurance runners performed a running protocol on a treadmill at self-selected comfortable velocity. Power output (W) was estimated with the Stryd™ power meter, and it was examined over six recording intervals within the 3-min recording period: 0-10 s, 0-20 s, 0-30 s, 0-60 s, 0-120 s and 0-180 s. The ANOVAs showed no significant differences in the magnitude of the power output between the recording intervals (p=0.276, F=1.614, partial Eta 2 =0.155). An almost perfect association was also observed in the magnitude of the power output between the recording intervals (ICC≥0.999). Bland-Altman plots revealed no heteroscedasticity of error for the power output in any of the between-intervals comparisons (r 2<0.1), although longer recording intervals yield smaller systematic bias, random errors, and narrower limits of agreement for power output. The results show that power data during running, as measured through the Stryd™ system, is a stable metric with negligible differences, in practical terms, between shorter (i. e., 10, 20, 30, 60 or 120 s) and longer recording intervals (i. e., 180 s).

Assuntos

Desempenho Atlético/fisiologia , Teste de Esforço/métodos , Corrida/fisiologia , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) can produce similar or improved results compare with traditional training, but the question as to whether HIIT can be used in the setting of physical education (PE) remains unanswered. The aim of this systematic review was to critically analyze the feasibility of incorporating HIIT programs into PE classes to improve the body compositions and cardiorespiratory fitness of overweight students. METHODS: We conducted database searches for literature dating between January 2012 and January 2017. Of the final six studies selected, three were conducted in children under 12 years old and three involved adolescents between 12 and 18 years old. RESULTS: The HIIT protocols consisted of 2-3 sessions per week, with intervals of 15 s and passive or active rests of 15 s, totaling up to 6 min of work with 4 min of rest. The duration of HIIT programs was 6-24 weeks. Significant changes were reported in body composition, body mass index, body fat (%), waist circumference, and sum of skinfolds; and increases in muscle mass were observed. The inclusion of HIIT programmes improved maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), performance in the intermittent Yo-Yo test and maximal aerobic speed. CONCLUSIONS: The HIIT programmes showed improvements in the variables studied, with interventions two or three times weekly. Therefore, they can be used in schools, as a strategy to combat the childhood obesity pandemic and HIIT can be use alongside with existing PE activities within the same lesson or in specific periods during day school.

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: overweight children are at increased risk for psychosocial disorders. OBJECTIVE: the purpose of this research was to relate the condition of overweight and obesity to the levels of self-esteem and happiness in schoolchildren of public schools. METHODS: a total of 364 schoolchildren (180 boys and 184 girls) were enrolled between eleven and 13 years old (12.44 ± 1.14 years old). Anthropometric measurements were performed and the levels of self-esteem and happiness were evaluated through the School Self-Esteem Test (APT). RESULS: school self-esteem was significantly higher in boys (p < 0.001); 55.49% (n = 204) of the students evaluated were overweight. Overweight and obese subjects had lower levels of self-esteem compared to normal weight children (p = 0.032). In addition, 43 students had very low self-esteem, and a relationship between very low and low self-esteem levels (n = 119) and the overweight and obesity was observed (p = 0.033). In relation to the question "Am I a happy person?", a greater proportion of students answered positively (n = 296). The negative response to the question was associated with weight excess (p = 0.042). CONCLUSION: overweight and obesity were related to low levels of self-esteem and happiness in schoolchildren. These results are alarming since self-esteem is one's appreciation of oneself and happiness is an index of subjective personal well-being and is a topic that concerns families and the entire education system.

Assuntos

Felicidade , Obesidade Infantil/psicologia , Autoimagem , Adolescente , Criança , Emoções , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estado Nutricional , Sobrepeso/psicologia , Instituições Acadêmicas , Fatores Sexuais , Estudantes

RESUMO

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of 28 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) during physical education classes on the weight status, cardiorespiratory capacity, and blood pressure of overweight and obese schoolchildren. The participants included 197 schoolchildren (108 girls and 89 boys) aged between 6 and 11 years (8.39 ± 1.15 years) in four groups: experimental group 1 (EG1) = 59 overweight schoolchildren; experimental group 2 (EG2) = 92 obese schoolchildren; control group 1 (CG1) = 17 overweight children; and control group 2 (CG2) = 29 obese schoolchildren. The participants in the EGs carried out HIIT twice per week for 28 weeks. After the 28-week intervention, the participants showed significant reductions in body mass index (p < 0.001). Waist circumference of boys in EG2 and waist-to-height ratio of girls in EG2 was significantly reduced (p < 0.05). Body fat percentage diminished, for girls in both groups and boys in EG2 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the program significantly reduced the number of hypertensive schoolchildren (p = 0.001) and reduced the percentage of obese schoolchildren. The distance covered in the 6-min walk test improved significantly for girls in EG1 and EG2 (p < 0.05) and boys in EG2. CONCLUSIONS: The 28-week HIIT program caused significant improvements in the cardiorespiratory capacity, anthropometric variables, and blood pressure levels of overweight and obese children. What is Known: • High-intensity interval training (HIIT) programs improve health, but investigations have used relatively short intervention periods. What is New: • The 28-week period (a large intervention period) of HIIT-based games during physical education classes caused significant improvements in cardiorespiratory capacity, anthropometric variables, and blood pressure levels of overweight and obese schoolchildren.

Assuntos

Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade/métodos , Obesidade Infantil/terapia , Educação Física e Treinamento/métodos , Antropometria/métodos , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Criança , Chile , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Teste de Esforço/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidade Infantil/complicações , Projetos Piloto , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Fatores de Risco , Instituições Acadêmicas

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The increase in abdominal fat and excess weight are related to dissatisfaction with body image, which nowadays is highly prevalent nationally and internationally. AIM: The purpose of the study was to relate dissatisfaction levels to body image, nutritional status, cardiometabolic risk and cardiorespiratory capacity in pre-adolescent students. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three hundred and thirty-nine students participated in the study, 165 girls (11.29 ± 0.69 years) and 174 boys (11.22 ± 0.72 years). Anthropometric data were collected: BMI, percentage of body fat (%BF), waist circumference (WC), height-to-weight ratio (HWR), VO2max and body image. RESULTS: In the comparison by sex, we found higher V02max values in boys (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found for the variables BMI, WC, HWR, blood pressure and body image (p > 0.05); 27.7% of the study sample were overweight and 29.2% were obese. The subjects with obesity had the lowest VO2max levels. Dissatisfaction with body image was found to be associated with nutritional status (p < 0.001). In addition, 8.1% of the obese students presented extreme dissatisfaction with their body image and 19.4% of the children with cardiometabolic risk exhibited some type of dissatisfaction; the two variables were related (p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: The study provides evidence that children with malnutrition by excess present disorders associated with body dissatisfaction and other health indicators that limit integral growth in pre-adolescence.

Assuntos

Imagem Corporal/psicologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Doenças Metabólicas/epidemiologia , Estado Nutricional , Transtornos Respiratórios/epidemiologia , Limiar Anaeróbio , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Chile , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidade Infantil/psicologia , Instituições Acadêmicas , Circunferência da Cintura

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of a physical exercise program on the lipid profile, weight status and the cardiovascular health of obese candidates for bariatric surgery. METHOD: 22 morbidly obese patients participated in a 6-month physical exercise program. 16 formed the adherent group (attendance ≥ 80%; age: 37.81 ± 11.90 years) and six the non-adherent group (attendance < 80%; age: 45.83 ± 14.23 years). Before and 72 h after the last session were evaluated: weight, body mass index (BMI), contour waist, blood pressure, fasting, cardio respiratory fitness, cholesterol and triglycerides. RESULTS: Weight, BMI and WC showed significant changes (p < 0.05) in both groups, with the results of the adherent group being better. In the adherent group, cardiorespiratory capacity (p = 0.001) was also increased, while diastolic pressure (p = 0.011), basal glycemia (p = 0.021) and triglycerides decreased significantly (p < 0.001). The non-adherent group did not present significant changes in these variables (p ≥ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The intervention was feasible to perform without negative effects for the participants, and it is possible to recommend improving the cardiovascular health of these of patients.

Assuntos

Índice de Massa Corporal , Colesterol/sangue , Terapia por Exercício , Obesidade Mórbida/sangue , Obesidade Mórbida/terapia , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Circunferência da Cintura , Adulto , Glicemia/metabolismo , Pressão Sanguínea , Exercício Físico , Tolerância ao Exercício/fisiologia , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cooperação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos

RESUMO

Introducción. La edad preescolar es un período esencial para establecer hábitos de nutrición y actividad física adecuados. Objetivo. El propósito de este estudio fue analizar el estado nutricional, el nivel de actividad física (AF) y la condición física (CF) de niños preescolares en relación con el sexo y con las variables sociodemográficas de los padres. Material y métodos. Se incluyeron niños preescolares seleccionados de 30 centros escolares del sur de España. Se registraron parámetros de CF, AF, antropometría, estado nutricional de los niños y variables sociodemográficas de los padres. Resultados. Participaron 1287 niños de entre 3 y 6 años, 643 niños y 644 niñas, y 1267 padres (el 72,4% eran madres y el 27,6%, padres). Las niñas presentaron niveles más bajos de sobrepeso y obesidad que los niños. Existieron diferencias significativas por sexos en el consumo de determinados alimentos: mayor consumo de lácteos en el desayuno y aceite de oliva en niñas y mayor consumo de comidas rápidas y pastas o arroz enlos varones. Los varones presentaron una mejor CF. Los niños del estrato socioeconómico más bajo mostraron mayor índice de masa corporal, peor estado nutricional y más bajo nivel de AF. Los niños de padres con estudios universitarios presentaron menor índice de masa corporal y mejor estado nutricional. Conclusiones. Los niños preescolares de este estudio presentaron valores elevados de sobrepeso y obesidad y bajo nivel de AF, teniendo en cuenta las referencias internacionales. Las niñas mostraron una CF inferior a la de los varones. Los niños cuyos padres presentaron un nivel socioeconómico bajo y sin estudios mostraron un nivel nutricional precario.

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Introduction. Preschool age is critical for the development of adequate eating and physical activity habits. Objective. The purpose of this study was to analyze the nutritional status, physical activity (PA) and fitness levels in preschool children in relation to gender and parental sociodemographic outcome measures. Material and methods. Preschool children selected from 30 school facilities in Southern Spain were included. Children's PA and fitness parameters, anthropometry, and nutritional status, and parental sociodemographic outcome measures were recorded. Results. A total of 1287 children aged between 3 and 6 years old (643 boys and 644 girls) participated in the study, together with 1267 parents (72.4%: mothers, 27.6%: fathers). Girls had a lower overweight and obesity rate than boys. Significant differences were observed by gender in the consumption of certain food: girls ate more dairy products at breakfast and olive oil, whereas boys ate more fast food and pasta or rice. Boys had a better fitness level. Children from a lower socioeconomic level had a higher body mass index, a worse nutritional status, and a lower PA level. Children whose parents had completed university education had a lower body mass index and a better nutritional status. Conclusions. Preschoolers had a high overweight and obesity rate, and a low PA level, compared to international references. The fitness level of girls was lower than that observed in boys. Children whose parents had a low socioeconomic level and no education had a poor nutritional status.

Assuntos

Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Exercício Físico , Aptidão Física , Comportamento Alimentar , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Espanha , Estado Nutricional , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde