RESUMO
Resumen INTRODUCCIÓN: Se han propuesto múltiples tratamientos para el manejo del tinnitus, sin embargo, ninguno de ellos ha logrado establecerse como claramente efectivo. Dentro de las alternativas se ha planteado la utilización de Ginkgo biloba. MÉTODOS: Para responder esta pregunta utilizamos Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante búsquedas en múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, reanalizamos los datos de los estudios primarios y preparamos una tabla de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES: Identificamos tres revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyeron cuatro estudios primarios, todos correspondientes a ensayos aleatorizados. Concluimos que el uso de Ginkgo Biloba probablemente no disminuye la severidad del tinnitus. Además, no disminuye la intensidad del tinnitus ni mejora la calidad de vida de los pacientes.
Abstract INTRODUCTION: Multiple interventions have been postulated for the treatment of tinnitus, but none has been established as clearly effective. Ginkgo biloba has been proposed among the alternatives. METHODS: To answer this question we used Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies, and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We identified three systematic reviews including four primary studies, all corresponding to randomized trials. We concluded the use of Ginkgo biloba probably does not decrease the severity of tinnitus. In addition, it does not reduce the intensity of tinnitus or improve the quality of life of patients.
Assuntos
Humanos , Zumbido/tratamento farmacológico , Ginkgo biloba/química , Preparações de Plantas/uso terapêutico , Qualidade de Vida , Zumbido/fisiopatologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Bases de Dados Factuais , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The susceptibility of 45 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoea was studied measuring minimal inhibitory concentrations of five antimicrobials. Results show that 66.7% of strains are resistant to tetracycline and 11.2% to penicillin. All strains were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone and cefotaxime. This results should prompt to perform surveillance in different areas of Santiago and to establish new therapeutic norms for the treatment of gonococcal infections.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/efeitos dos fármacos , Chile , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Premarketing clinical studies of drugs have several limitations with respect to adverse reactions. Information obtained from postmarketing studies is important for determining drug safety. Drug surveillance has been developed to detect, evaluate and classify information related to adverse reactions to drugs. In this article different methods and strategies adopted in different countries for drug surveillance are described. Finally, the situation in Chile is analyzed and the need for a National Center of Drug Surveillance is stressed.
Assuntos
Vigilância de Produtos Comercializados , ChileRESUMO
The correct clinical use of drug plasma levels is frequently jeopardized by neglecting to consider pharmacokinetic parameters at the time of sample drawing. A form to be filled at this time revealed that inadequate information concerning the drug was present in 28% and sampling time in 50% of cases. Accordingly, a new form is proposed to help avoid this information inadequacies and thus lead to better clinical use of drug plasma levels.
Assuntos
Monitoramento de Medicamentos/métodos , Prontuários Médicos/normas , Idoso , Amicacina/sangue , Antibacterianos/sangue , Cardiotônicos/sangue , Digoxina/sangue , Feminino , Gentamicinas/sangue , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
We studied the distribution of the acetylator phenotype in 47 patients aged 15 to 77 years receiving isonyazid as antituberculous therapy. 62% were fast and 32% slow acetylators. Ethnical, socio-economic and biologic factors were not related to acetylator type. The incidence of liver alterations, mainly elevated transaminase levels, was higher than reported in the literature and was not shown to be influenced by acetylator type. Adverse reactions to isonyacid were not related to drug serum levels.
Assuntos
Acetiltransferases/metabolismo , Antituberculosos/efeitos adversos , Acetilação , Acetiltransferases/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Fosfatase Alcalina/genética , Fosfatase Alcalina/metabolismo , Antituberculosos/metabolismo , Aspartato Aminotransferases/genética , Aspartato Aminotransferases/metabolismo , Chile , Feminino , Humanos , Isoniazida/metabolismo , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/enzimologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fenótipo , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
We studied genetic polymorphism of isoniazid acetylation in 47 tuberculous patients treated with 4 drugs between Aug 1987 and Dec 1988. Inactivation of isoniazid was estimated from urine samples after administration of the drug (10 mg/kg). There were 18 slow and 29 fast acetylators. The frequency of the slow mutant gene was estimated at 0.612, which is intermediate between values found in american natives (0.46) and western europeans (0.73). No associations of the presence of slow gene with sex, ABO group, ancestors, socioeconomic level, undernutrition, alcoholism or tobacco consumption were found.