RESUMO
Hurood cheese (HC) and Jueke (Jk) are 2 traditional fermented dairy products produced from raw milk (RM) in the Inner Mongolia region of China. They have a long history of production and consumption. The microbial compositions of RM, HC, and Jk vary greatly, and are influenced by their geographical origins and unique processing methods. In this study, 2 batches of RM, HC, and Jk samples were collected (April and August 2015) from the Zhenglan Banner, a region located in the southern part of Inner Mongolian belonging to the Xilingol league prefecture. The bacterial and fungal diversities of the samples were determined by 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA gene sequence analysis, respectively. A total of 112 bacterial and 30 fungal sequences were identified, with Firmicutes and Ascomycota being the predominant phyla for bacteria and fungi, respectively. Lactococcus and Lactobacillus were identified as the main bacterial genera, whereas Kluyveromyces was the predominant fungus identified in the 3 dairy products. Different bacterial and fungal compositions were observed in RM, HC, and Jk samples collected at different times. These results suggested that time of production may be an important factor influencing the microbial diversity present in RM, HC, and Jk.
Assuntos
Produtos Fermentados do Leite/microbiologia , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Leite/microbiologia , Animais , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Biodiversidade , Queijo/microbiologia , China , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Fungos/genética , Fungos/isolamento & purificação , Leite/química , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , RNA Ribossômico 18S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
BACKGROUND: The role of the interaction between tumor cells and inflammatory cells in gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is unclear. Inflammatory cells exist in both the tumor immune microenvironment and the host peripheral blood circulatory system. In the current study, we examined the prognostic value of inflammatory cells in the tumor microenvironment and peripheral blood in patients with GBC. METHODS: 98 patients with GBC were recruited in this retrospective study. Using immunohistochemistry, we examined tumor-infiltrating CD3+ generic T-cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells, CD45RO+ memory T-cells, and CD15+ neutrophils. Peripheral venous blood samples were also collected, and absolute neutrophil count (ANC), absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were measured. The relationships between these variables and patient outcome were evaluated. RESULTS: Survival analysis revealed that the density of CD3+ cell infiltrates in the tumor microenvironment was positively correlated with overall survival (OS) and the density of CD15+ cell infiltrates was negatively correlated with the OS. The combined analysis showed that a high density of CD3+ cell infiltrates combined with a low density of CD15+ cell infiltrates was an independent prognostic factor for GBC. In peripheral blood, survival analysis suggested that ANC and NLR were negatively correlated, while ALC was positively correlated with OS. Multivariate survival analysis showed that NLR was an independent prognostic factor for gallbladder cancer prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the combination of high density of CD3+ cell infiltrates combined with a low density of CD15+ cell infiltrates in tumor samples and pretreatment peripheral blood NLR were independent prognostic factors in patients with GBC.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/imunologia , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/imunologia , Inflamação/imunologia , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral/imunologia , Microambiente Tumoral/imunologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/sangue , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/secundário , Feminino , Seguimentos , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/sangue , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Inflamação/sangue , Inflamação/patologia , Metástase Linfática , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gradação de Tumores , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
Using rapid amplification of cDNA ends, a full-length cDNA sequence of a GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase-like gene was isolated from leaves infected by Erysiphe necator in the Chinese wild (Vitis pseudoreticulata) clone, 'Baihe-35-1', an E. necator-resistant genotype. The full-length cDNA, designated as VpVTC, comprised 1943 bp and putatively encodes a 453-amino acid polypeptide containing an HIT motif. The deduced amino acid sequence showed high similarity with that of VTC genes from other plants. The expression of VpVTC, determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, was induced by E. necator and defense signaling molecules, including salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, and ethephon, in 'Baihe-35-1', the V. quinquangularis genotype 'Shang-24', and the E. necator-susceptible V. pseudoreticulata genotype, 'Hunan-1'. Transcript levels of VpVTC correlated well with the degree of disease resistance in the 3 genotypes. Maximum induction of VpVTC by E. necator (>7-fold at 96 h post-inoculation) occurred in 'Baihe-35-1', which also showed the fastest response to signaling molecules. Upregulating the expression of VpVTC in 'Baihe-35-1' resulted in a gradual increase in the ascorbic acid concentration of leaves inoculated with E. necator. Furthermore, VpVTC was expressed in leaves, stems, inflorescence, tendrils, and fruit at all developmental stages, with the highest level occurring in fruit 35 days after flowering.
Assuntos
Ascomicetos/patogenicidade , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Genes de Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Vitis/genética , Acetatos/metabolismo , Sequência de Bases , China , Clonagem Molecular , Ciclopentanos/metabolismo , DNA de Plantas/genética , Resistência à Doença/genética , Genótipo , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Oxilipinas/metabolismo , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Folhas de Planta/enzimologia , Folhas de Planta/genética , Folhas de Planta/microbiologia , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Ácido Salicílico/metabolismo , Alinhamento de Sequência , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Vitis/enzimologia , Vitis/microbiologiaRESUMO
1- Among thirty-one patients selected from a leprosarium the urinary excretion of vitamin B1 was found to be either nil or far below normal. 2- Following the oral administration of moderately large doses of vitamin B1 the urinary excretion rapidly increased, the response being similar to that observed in normal individuals. 3- The urinary excretion of vitamin B1 among lepers after parenteral administration was similar to that following oral administration. 4- Vitamin B1 excretion during treatment with that substance was apparently not influenced by factors such as fever, parenteral administration of chaulmoogra preparations or iodides, the duration of the disease, or the type of the lesions.