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This article deals with the interest of the scientific field in systematizing the co-management investigative praxis, in a health emergency scenario, based on the analysis of a research with a multicentric qualitative approach, using the framework of the Support Research and the analysis of critical hermeneutics. As a result, it was identified that the creation of a map guide contributed as a guiding document, aiming at organizing different techniques for the organization and formation of field researchers, as well as an instrument of data analysis. The training of researchers for the theoretical framework of Support Research, as well as their co-management and involvement in the different stages of research, proved to be a differential for the production of subjects and collectives with investigative praxis, allowing a dialogic exchange between coordinators and researchers and regular sharing of the results. It is concluded that the way in which the methodology was proposed, allowed the expansion of the reflective capacity and understanding of reality, contributing to the formation of researchers as active and critical subjects in the process of data collection, analysis and discussion, encouraging sensitive and attentive actions while seeking to identify the particularities of each context.

O artigo trata do interesse do campo científico em sistematizar a práxis investigativa cogestora em cenário de emergência sanitária a partir da análise de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa multicêntrica, valendo-se do referencial da pesquisa-apoio e da análise da hermenêutica critica. Como resultados, identificou-se que a elaboração de um guia-mapa contribuiu como documento norteador, com o objetivo de organizar diferentes técnicas para a preparação e formação dos pesquisadores de campo, também como instrumento de análise dos dados. A formação de pesquisadores para o referencial teórico da pesquisa-apoio, assim como a cogestão e a implicação deles nas diferentes etapas da pesquisa, mostrou-se como diferencial para produção de sujeitos e coletivos com a práxis investigativa, permitindo a troca dialógica dentre coordenadores e pesquisadores e o compartilhamento regular dos resultados. Conclui-se que a forma como a metodologia foi proposta possibilitou a ampliação da capacidade reflexiva e de compreensão sobre a realidade, contribuindo para a formação de pesquisadores como sujeitos ativos e críticos no processo de coleta, análise e discussão dos dados, incentivando a atuação sensível e atenta ao mesmo tempo em que buscou identificar as particularidades de cada contexto.

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Resumo O artigo trata do interesse do campo científico em sistematizar a práxis investigativa cogestora em cenário de emergência sanitária a partir da análise de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa multicêntrica, valendo-se do referencial da pesquisa-apoio e da análise da hermenêutica critica. Como resultados, identificou-se que a elaboração de um guia-mapa contribuiu como documento norteador, com o objetivo de organizar diferentes técnicas para a preparação e formação dos pesquisadores de campo, também como instrumento de análise dos dados. A formação de pesquisadores para o referencial teórico da pesquisa-apoio, assim como a cogestão e a implicação deles nas diferentes etapas da pesquisa, mostrou-se como diferencial para produção de sujeitos e coletivos com a práxis investigativa, permitindo a troca dialógica dentre coordenadores e pesquisadores e o compartilhamento regular dos resultados. Conclui-se que a forma como a metodologia foi proposta possibilitou a ampliação da capacidade reflexiva e de compreensão sobre a realidade, contribuindo para a formação de pesquisadores como sujeitos ativos e críticos no processo de coleta, análise e discussão dos dados, incentivando a atuação sensível e atenta ao mesmo tempo em que buscou identificar as particularidades de cada contexto.

Abstract This article deals with the interest of the scientific field in systematizing the co-management investigative praxis, in a health emergency scenario, based on the analysis of a research with a multicentric qualitative approach, using the framework of the Support Research and the analysis of critical hermeneutics. As a result, it was identified that the creation of a map guide contributed as a guiding document, aiming at organizing different techniques for the organization and formation of field researchers, as well as an instrument of data analysis. The training of researchers for the theoretical framework of Support Research, as well as their co-management and involvement in the different stages of research, proved to be a differential for the production of subjects and collectives with investigative praxis, allowing a dialogic exchange between coordinators and researchers and regular sharing of the results. It is concluded that the way in which the methodology was proposed, allowed the expansion of the reflective capacity and understanding of reality, contributing to the formation of researchers as active and critical subjects in the process of data collection, analysis and discussion, encouraging sensitive and attentive actions while seeking to identify the particularities of each context.

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OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of pasteurization and freezing on the content of IgA1 and IgA2 in breast milk. METHODS: Observational, retrospective study, carried out in women who had been breastfeeding their newborn for more than 30 days, and could donate 50 mL of milk. The concentration of IgA1 and IgA2 was determined by turbidimetry, before and after being subjected to pasteurization and freezing, every 15 days for 2 months. Freezing was at -20°C. A total IgA content of 1598.5 mg/dL was found. RESULTS: 10 breast milk donors were selected. The initial concentration of IgA1 and IA2 was 651 and 945.7 mg/dL, respectively; At the end of the freezing times, the content of both immunoglobulins decreased: IgA1 of 74% and IgA2 of 86%. After the treatments, the immunoglobulin content decreased dramatically, with a significant difference of p < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: Pasteurization and freezing significantly affect the content of IgA1 and IgA in breast milk; therefore, breast-feeding remains the best way to offer full immunological protection to the infant.

OBJECTIVO: Determinar el efecto de la pasteurización y congelación en el contenido de IgA1 e IgA2 en la leche materna. MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional y retrospectivo, llevado a cabo en mujeres que tuvieran más de 30 días de ofrecer lactancia a su neonato, y pudieran donar 50 mL de leche. Se determinó la concentración de IgA1 e IgA2 mediante turbidimetría, antes y después de someterse a pasteurización y congelación, cada 15 días durante 2 meses. La congelación fue a ­20°C. Se encontró un contenido total de IgA de 1598,5 mg/dL. RESULTADOS: Se seleccionaron 10 donantes de leche materna. La concentración inicial de IgA1 e IA2 fue de 651 y 945.7 mg/dL, respectivamente; al finalizar los tiempos de congelación disminuyó el contenido de ambas inmunoglobulinas: IgA1 del 74% e IgA2 del 86%. Después de los tratamientos, el contenido de inmunoglobulinas disminuyó de forma contundente, con diferencia significativa de p < 0.05. CONCLUSIONES: La pasteurización y la congelación afectan de manera importante el contenido de IgA1 e IgA en la leche materna; por tanto, la alimentación al seno materno sigue siendo la mejor forma de ofrecer toda protección inmunológica al lactante.

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Resumo O presente artigo buscou analisar as diferentes conformações do apoio matricial a partir das mudanças engendradas pela pandemia de SARS-CoV-2, tendo como referência o processo de trabalho do Núcleo Ampliado de Saúde da Família (NASF) neste contexto, do município de Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Utilizou-se como método de investigação a pesquisa qualitativa e de análise a hermenêutica dialética, subsidiada por técnicas definidas em função do cenário pandêmico - websurvey, entrevista semiestruturada, análise documental e busca nos sistemas de informações do Sistema Único de Saúde. Como principais resultados, a pesquisa evidenciou: aumento de queixas associadas à saúde mental, em usuários e trabalhadores; necessidade de mobilização das redes de apoio socioassistenciais; ampliação do apoio remoto, sobretudo junto aos profissionais das equipes vinculadas; menor circulação dos especialistas pelos territórios. A pesquisa identificou que o processo de trabalho foi se tornando mais individualizado, dentro dos consultórios, e que as equipes mínimas reuniram poucas condições para a atenção aos agravos decorrentes da COVID-19, confirmando o NASF como uma equipe essencial da Atenção Primária à Saúde.

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the different configurations of matrix support stemming from changes prompted by the COVID-19 pandemic by investigating the work process of an Expanded Family Health Center (NASF) in Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We conducted a qualitative study using data collection methods selected according to the circumstances of the pandemic: web survey, semi-structured interviews, document analysis and searches of health information systems. The data were analyzed using the hermeneutic-dialectic method. The findings show an increase in mental health problems among both patients and health workers, the need to mobilize sociopsychological support networks, an expansion of remote support, especially for professionals from supported teams, and reduced presence of specialists in the community. The study shows that work processes became more individualized and focused inside clinics, and that minimum teams had limited capacity to care for the health problems related to COVID-19, confirming that NASFs play an essential role in primary health care.

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Resumo A pandemia de COVID-19 encontrou no Brasil um campo propício para sua propagação. A falta de coordenação de ações do governo federal, em conjunto com uma Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) já fragilizada trouxe consequências para trabalhadores e usuários. O objetivo é analisar a gestão e o processo de trabalho na APS no enfrentamento à pandemia da COVID-19 em 3 municípios, considerando o processo histórico de sua constituição, a relação com o SUS e a APS e o ativismo social em territórios vulneráveis, a partir da percepção de usuários e trabalhadores. Foi realizada busca bibliográfica, observação participante e 97 entrevistas em profundidade com trabalhadores e usuários da APS. Os resultados foram organizados em 4 eixos: Implantação e gestão da APS nos municípios; Processo de trabalho na APS; Percepção dos trabalhadores e usuários em relação à APS e o SUS; Territórios, coletivos organizados e ativismo social. Os trabalhadores enfrentaram um ambiente de medo, sobrecarga e mudanças no processo de trabalho, o que não os impediu de resistir e reinventar suas práticas. Os usuários conviveram com barreiras de acesso e dificuldades no cumprimento de medidas sanitárias, mas foram encontradas experiências de coletivos organizados que surgiram como forma de enfrentamento à pandemia.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic found favourable conditions to spread in Brazil. A lack of coordinated action by the federal government, together with already weak Primary Health Care (PHC) had consequences for workers and users. This study examined PHC management and work process in response the COVID-19 pandemic in three municipalities, in view of the history of how PHC was set up, its relationship with the national public health system (SUS), and PHC and social activism in vulnerable territories, from the perceptions of users and workers. The study included a literature search, participant observation and 97 in-depth interviews of PHC workers and users. The results were organised into four areas: PHC implementation and management in the municipalities; the PHC work process; workers' and users' perceptions of PHC and the SUS; and territories, organised groups and social activism. Workers faced an environment of fear, overwork and changes in their work process, none of which prevented them from persisting and reinventing their practice. Users encountered barriers to access and difficulties in complying with public health measures, but the study found experiences of organised groups that emerged as means of coping with the pandemic.

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Resumo A pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil atingiu níveis alarmantes. Na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, ela encontrou um cenário de desmonte da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) em meio à uma crise política, o que teve grande impacto nos territórios de maior vulnerabilidade. O objetivo desse estudo é analisar de que forma as favelas e equipes da APS organizaram-se para desenvolver ações comunitárias, ocupando espaços deixados pela falta de outras políticas públicas. Os resultados fazem parte da pesquisa qualitativa multicêntrica "Estratégias de abordagem dos aspectos subjetivos e sociais na Atenção Primária no contexto da pandemia", onde foram analisados documentos orientadores públicos e 36 entrevistas em profundidade com trabalhadores e usuários da APS, organizadas em grades interpretativas. Como resultado, observou-se que houve iniciativas cogestoras dos trabalhadores e usuários da APS, a partir do surgimento de coletivos organizados e ativismo social, para o enfrentamento da pandemia, independente das normativas da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde e demais instâncias governamentais. A APS se apresentou como único equipamento público nos territórios de alta vulnerabilidade, onde a violência armada esteve presente mesmo durante a pandemia.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has reached alarming levels in Brazil. In Rio de Janeiro city, it arrived in a scenario in which Primary Health Care (PHC) was being dismantled in the midst of a political crisis, which had major impact on the most vulnerable territories. This study examined how favelas and PHC teams organised community-based action and occupy the vacuum left by the lack of public policies. The results form part of the multi-centre qualitative study "Strategies for approaching subjective and social aspects of Primary Care in the pandemic context", using public guidance documents and 36 in-depth interviews of PHC workers and users, which were categorised into interpretive grids. Co-management initiatives by PHC workers and users were found to have arisen out of organised groups and social activism, to face the pandemic, independently of regulations from the Municipal Health Department and other government bodies. PHC figured as the only public facility in highly vulnerable territories, where armed violence was ongoing even during the pandemic.

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Resumo Objetivo: descrever a incompletude da informação sobre profissão/ocupação nas bases de dados de síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SRAG), síndrome gripal (SG) e no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) no Brasil. Métodos: estudo descritivo utilizando os bancos de dados de SRAG, SG e SIM. Calcularam-se percentuais de incompletude na variável profissão/ocupação segundo sexo, macrorregiões e unidades da federação, em 2020-2021. Resultados: o percentual de incompletude foi de 94,7% no banco de SG; 97,7% no de SRAG; e 17,0% no SIM. Em todas as macrorregiões a incompletude foi superior a 91,0% nos bancos de SG e SRAG; e superior a 13,0% no SIM. Todas as unidades da federação apresentaram percentuais de incompletude acima de 90,0% para SG; de 74,0% para SRAG; e de 6,8% para óbitos. Amapá apresentou maior percentual de incompletude na base de dados de SG (98,1%); Rio Grande do Sul (99,4%) na de SRAG; e Alagoas (45,0%) no SIM. Conclusões: observaram-se elevados percentuais de incompletude da variável profissão/ocupação nos sistemas de informação estudados. Recomenda-se uma articulação intersetorial, envolvendo representantes dos governos e dos trabalhadores, para formulação de estratégias que contornem a falta de informação sobre ocupação/profissão nas bases de dados relevantes para a vigilância em saúde.

Abstract Objective: to describe the incomplete filling out of the profession/occupation variable in the flu-like syndrome, severe acute respiratory syndrome and mortality databases in Brazil. Methods: descriptive study with secondary data from flu-like syndrome (FLS), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and mortality databases (SIM). We calculeted the absolute and relative filling frequencies of the profession/occupation variable according to State, gender, regions, and federative units, for 2020 and 2021. Results: we found a 94.7% incompleteness on the FLS database, 97.7% of missing profession/occupation data on the SARS, and 17.0% on the SIM database. Incompleteness frequency was above 91.0% in all Brazilian regions for FLS and SARS. Incompleteness on the mortality database was over 13.0%. All federative units presented incompleteness above 90.0% for FLS, 74.0% for SARS, and 6.8% for mortality in all genders. Higher levels of missing data were found in the states of Amapá for FLS (98.1%), Rio Grande do Sul for SARS and Alagoas (45.0%) for mortality (99.4%). Conclusions: all databases showed a high incompleteness of the profession/occupation variable. We recommend an articulation between the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Labor and workers' representations to solve this lack of data on occupation/profession in public databases.

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Resumo Este artigo discute a construção histórica do Núcleo Ampliado de Saúde da Família (NASF), a partir da análise de 17 documentos editados pelo Ministério da Saúde entre os anos de 2005 e 2021. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo de revisão documental que busca compreender como as normativas, cadernos instrutivos e notas técnicas oficiais vêm dando contorno ao modo de operar das equipes do NASF. Propõe-se a divisão do processo de construção do NASF em cinco períodos: movimentos antecedentes (2003 a 2007); diretrizes do apoio (2008 a 2011); universalização do NASF (2012 a 2015); ampliação do apoio (2016 a 2018); e o desmonte do NASF? (2019 a 2021). Os resultados apontam mudanças de orientação ao longo dos anos de existência da equipe, especialmente em relação ao conceito do apoio matricial e suas duas dimensões, técnico-pedagógica e clínico assistencial. O estudo demonstra ainda os efeitos do Programa Previne Brasil sobre o NASF, que se materializaram na redução de 379 equipes nos anos de 2020 e 2021. Soma-se a esse cenário a pandemia do SARS-CoV-2, que pode reposicionar as intervenções do NASF no Sistema Único de Saúde.

Abstract This paper discusses the historical construction of the Expanded Family Health Center (NASF, in Portuguese), based on the analysis of 17 documents edited by the Ministry of Health (MH) between 2005 and 2021. This is a qualitative study of documental review that seeks to understand how the regulations and official instructive manuals have been shaping the way NASF teams operate. It proposes to divide the NASF construction process into five periods: previous movements (2003 to 2007); support guidelines (2008 to 2011); the universalization of nasf (2012 to 2015); expansion of support (2016 to 2018); and the dismantling of NASF? (2019 to 2021). The results show changes in guidelines over the years of the team's existence, especially in relation to the matrix support concept and its two dimensions: technical-pedagogical and clinical care. This study also demonstrates the effects of the Previne Brasil Program on the NASF, which resulted in the reduction of 379 teams in 2020 and 2021. Added to this scenario is the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which may be repositioning NASF interventions in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS, in Portuguese).

RESUMO

This paper discusses the historical construction of the Expanded Family Health Center (NASF, in Portuguese), based on the analysis of 17 documents edited by the Ministry of Health (MH) between 2005 and 2021. This is a qualitative study of documental review that seeks to understand how the regulations and official instructive manuals have been shaping the way NASF teams operate. It proposes to divide the NASF construction process into five periods: previous movements (2003 to 2007); support guidelines (2008 to 2011); the universalization of nasf (2012 to 2015); expansion of support (2016 to 2018); and the dismantling of NASF? (2019 to 2021). The results show changes in guidelines over the years of the team's existence, especially in relation to the matrix support concept and its two dimensions: technical-pedagogical and clinical care. This study also demonstrates the effects of the Previne Brasil Program on the NASF, which resulted in the reduction of 379 teams in 2020 and 2021. Added to this scenario is the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which may be repositioning NASF interventions in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS, in Portuguese).

Este artigo discute a construção histórica do Núcleo Ampliado de Saúde da Família (NASF), a partir da análise de 17 documentos editados pelo Ministério da Saúde entre os anos de 2005 e 2021. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo de revisão documental que busca compreender como as normativas, cadernos instrutivos e notas técnicas oficiais vêm dando contorno ao modo de operar das equipes do NASF. Propõe-se a divisão do processo de construção do NASF em cinco períodos: movimentos antecedentes (2003 a 2007); diretrizes do apoio (2008 a 2011); universalização do NASF (2012 a 2015); ampliação do apoio (2016 a 2018); e o desmonte do NASF? (2019 a 2021). Os resultados apontam mudanças de orientação ao longo dos anos de existência da equipe, especialmente em relação ao conceito do apoio matricial e suas duas dimensões, técnico-pedagógica e clínico assistencial. O estudo demonstra ainda os efeitos do Programa Previne Brasil sobre o NASF, que se materializaram na redução de 379 equipes nos anos de 2020 e 2021. Soma-se a esse cenário a pandemia do SARS-CoV-2, que pode reposicionar as intervenções do NASF no Sistema Único de Saúde.

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OBJETIVO. Determinar la efectividad del CONO LEEP en pacientes con lesión intraepitelial de Alto Grado (LIE AG). MATERIAL Y MÉTODO. Estudio de tipo descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal que incluyo a 68 pacientes quienes fueron sometidas a CONO LEEP por lesiones intraepiteliales de alto grado en el año 2014 en la unidad de colposcopia del Hospital de la Mujer. Se analizó la efectividad a través de la persistencia y/o recidiva de los controles posteriores en el año 2015. RESULTADOS. 33 pacientes realizaron control PAP posterior al CONO LEEP siendo el resultado citológico negativo para lesión intraepitelial más frecuente llegando a un porcentaje de 91% (30 pacientes). Se identificó que el 9% (3 pacientes) presento persistencia al tratamiento con CONO LEEP. CONCLUSIONES. El estudio determino la efectividad del procedimiento en las pacientes que acudieron a control citológico, se estimó en 91 %, lo cual demuestra que la conización es un método de ALTA EFECTIVIDAD con un 9% de persistencia encontrándose en los rangos esperados de persistencia de la NIC que es entre el 5 y el 17% de acuerdo a protocolos de Brasil, México y España.

OBJETIVE. To determine the effectiveness of the LEEP CONE in patients with High Grade Intraepithelial Lesion (HLL). MATERIAL AND METHOD. A descriptive, retrospective and crosssectional study that included 68 patients who underwent LEEP CONE for high-grade intraepithelial lesions in 2014 in the colposcopy unit of La Mujer Hospital. The effectiveness was analyzed through the persistence and / or recurrence of subsequent controls in 2015. RESULTS. 33 patients underwent PAP control after the LEEP CONE, the cytological result being negative for the most frequent intraepithelial lesion, reaching a percentage of 91% (30 patients). It was identified that 9% (3 patients) presented persistence to treatment with LEEP CONE. CONCLUSIONS. The study determined the effectiveness of the procedure in patients who attended cytological control, it was estimated at 91%, which shows that conization is a HIGH EFFECTIVENESS method with a 9% persistence, being in the expected ranges of persistence of the NIC which is between 5 and 17% according to the protocols of Brazil, Mexico and Spain.

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ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONPs) have been shown to have therapeutic potential in some diseases such as diabetes and cancer. However, concentration-dependent adverse effects have also been reported. Studies which evaluate the effects of ZnONPs on the cardiovascular system are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the cardiovascular effects of a low dose of ZnONPs administered chronically in healthy rats. Changes in dyslipidemia biomarkers, blood pressure, aortic wall structure, vascular contractility, and expression of cannabinoid receptors in the aorta wall were evaluated. Healthy rats were divided into two groups: control or treated (one, two, and three months). The treated rats received an oral dose of 10 mg/kg/day. The results showed that treatment with ZnONPs induced dyslipidemia from the first month, increasing atherosclerosis risk, which was confirmed by presence of atherosclerotic alterations revealed by aorta histological analysis. In in vitro assays, ZnONPs modified the aorta contractile activity in response to the activation of cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2). The expression of CB1 and CB2 was modified as well. Moreover, ZnONPs elicited an increase in blood pressure. In conclusion, long-time oral administration of ZnONPs induce dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis eliciting alterations in aorta contractility, CB1 and CB2 receptors expression, and an increase in blood pressure in healthy rats.

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This article aims to present the experience of 15 years of the Family Health Residency Program of the Sérgio Arouca National School of Public Health (ENSP/Fiocruz) in the city of Rio de Janeiro-RJ, and seeks to identify the challenges and potentialities of the training process of preceptors facing the development of resident training programs. Presents one of its effects that resulted in the contribution with the development of a multiprofessional residency program in partnership with the Municipal Health Department of Campo Grande-MS. Seeks to identify the challenges and potentialities of preceptors training process in the face of the development of training programs for residents. From a theoretical point of view, it presents as cross-cutting questions, multiprofessionality, interprofessionality and the relationship between field and nucleus in the formation of residences in the health professional area. Concludes by pointing out the challenges contained in the practice of the preceptorship of the ENSP program and how they can be implemented in the project of Campo Grande, as well as a new trend for cooperative education institutions for the current model of expansion of residences with the unit offeror to the municipal health departments.

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar a experiência de 15 anos do Programa de Residência em Saúde da Família da Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca (ENSP/Fiocruz) no município do Rio de Janeiro-RJ, e busca identificar os desafios e potencialidades do processo formativo de preceptores frente ao desenvolvimento de programas de formação de residentes. Apresenta um dos seus efeitos que resultou na contribuição com o desenvolvimento de um programa de residência multiprofissional em parceria com a Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do município de Campo Grande-MS. Busca identificar os desafios e potencialidades do processo formativo de preceptores frente ao desenvolvimento de programas de formação de residentes. Do ponto de vista teórico, apresenta como questões transversais a multiprofissionalidade, interprofissionalidade e a relação entre campo e núcleo na formação das residências em área profissional da saúde. Conclui por apontar os desafios contidos na prática da preceptoria do programa da ENSP e como podem ser implementados no projeto do município de Campo Grande, assim como uma nova tendência para as instituições de ensino de cooperação para o atual modelo de ampliação de residências tendo como unidade ofertante as secretarias municipais de saúde.

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Resumo Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar a experiência de 15 anos do Programa de Residência em Saúde da Família da Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca (ENSP/Fiocruz) no município do Rio de Janeiro-RJ, e busca identificar os desafios e potencialidades do processo formativo de preceptores frente ao desenvolvimento de programas de formação de residentes. Apresenta um dos seus efeitos que resultou na contribuição com o desenvolvimento de um programa de residência multiprofissional em parceria com a Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do município de Campo Grande-MS. Busca identificar os desafios e potencialidades do processo formativo de preceptores frente ao desenvolvimento de programas de formação de residentes. Do ponto de vista teórico, apresenta como questões transversais a multiprofissionalidade, interprofissionalidade e a relação entre campo e núcleo na formação das residências em área profissional da saúde. Conclui por apontar os desafios contidos na prática da preceptoria do programa da ENSP e como podem ser implementados no projeto do município de Campo Grande, assim como uma nova tendência para as instituições de ensino de cooperação para o atual modelo de ampliação de residências tendo como unidade ofertante as secretarias municipais de saúde.

Abstract This article aims to present the experience of 15 years of the Family Health Residency Program of the Sérgio Arouca National School of Public Health (ENSP/Fiocruz) in the city of Rio de Janeiro-RJ, and seeks to identify the challenges and potentialities of the training process of preceptors facing the development of resident training programs. Presents one of its effects that resulted in the contribution with the development of a multiprofessional residency program in partnership with the Municipal Health Department of Campo Grande-MS. Seeks to identify the challenges and potentialities of preceptors training process in the face of the development of training programs for residents. From a theoretical point of view, it presents as cross-cutting questions, multiprofessionality, interprofessionality and the relationship between field and nucleus in the formation of residences in the health professional area. Concludes by pointing out the challenges contained in the practice of the preceptorship of the ENSP program and how they can be implemented in the project of Campo Grande, as well as a new trend for cooperative education institutions for the current model of expansion of residences with the unit offeror to the municipal health departments.

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INTRODUCTION: Paediatric cancer is a potentially curable disease and its prognosis has been linked to several factors, such as nutritional status. The impact of malnutrition on these patients, either by overnutrition or undernutrition, varies and its relationship with outcomes is inconsistent. This study was conducted in order to determine the frequency of malnutrition in children with haematolymphoid malignancies at the time of diagnosis, as well as during treatment and to also investigate its relationship with the development of infections and death. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of 191 children with a recent diagnosis of a haematolymphoid malignancy. The risks and nutritional classification were determined using anthropometry, follow-ups were conducted for up to 24 months and the presentation and frequency of infections and/or death were also recorded. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using binomial logistic regressions, for death and infection outcomes during follow-up. Survival analysis was conducted for various factors and types of cancer. RESULTS: 83.7% of children had a sufficient nutritional classification at diagnosis, 6.8% had malnutrition by undernutrition and 9.4% by overnutrition. 83.8% had at least one infectious complication during follow-up and 47.1% had ≥ 3. This percentage increased to 69.2% when configuring it in the malnutrition by undernutrition group. 18.3% of patients died. When configuring the mortality, the percentage was greater in patients with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) (57.1%) and malnutrition by undernutrition (30.7%). The multivariate analysis for the outcome of death, only showed a statistically significant variable (AML odds ratio = 26.52; confidence interval = 1.09-643.24; p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: No statistically significant relationship was found between the nutritional status of children with haematolymphoid neoplasms, and outcomes such as infections or death. The differences in the results obtained in these investigations may be related to the varied nutritional status definitions and the ways of measuring them, thus limiting comparisons between them.

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The Family Health Strategy is the main form of organization of the Brazilian health system. However, the third edition of the National Primary Health Care Policy (PNAB) recognized other types of teams financially. A time series study was conducted from 2007 to 2019 using data from the National Register of Health Facilities (CNES) of jobs, teams and national coverage of Family Health to analyze the effects of the 2017 National Primary Health Care Policy (PNAB) on team composition. We observed the concentration of doctors in the Southeast and Northeast and variation of this professional category before the events of the "Mais Médicos" (More Doctors) Program. The number of nurses increased 5% and Community Health Workers (ACS) dropped 0.3% in the country. Despite the authorization and funding for the implementation of "Primary Care" teams (eAB), they correspond to less than 1% of the total teams. It is noteworthy that the municipal managers' preferred mode is the traditional Family Health Teams, equivalent to 75% of the total and growing. While the questionings and expectations generated by the 2017 PNAB in the context of Primary Health Care, we can conclude that, regarding the teams and their compositions, no significant change was identified two years into its coming into force.

A Estratégia Saúde da Família é a principal forma de organização do sistema de saúde brasileiro. Contudo, a terceira edição da Política Nacional de Atenção Básica (PNAB) passou a reconhecer financeiramente outros tipos de equipes. Para analisar os efeitos da PNAB de 2017 na composição das equipes, foi realizado um estudo de série temporal de 2007 a 2019 utilizando dados do Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde (CNES) de postos de trabalho e de equipes e a cobertura nacional da Saúde da Família. Observou-se a concentração de médicos nas regiões Sudeste e Nordeste e oscilação dessa categoria profissional ante os acontecimentos do Programa Mais Médicos. Houve acréscimo de 5% de enfermeiros e redução de 0,3% dos ACS no país. A despeito da autorização e financiamento para implantação de equipes de "Atenção Básica" (eAB), elas correspondem a menos de 1% do total de equipes. Vale ressaltar que a modalidade preferencial dos gestores municipais se mantem pela Equipes de Saúde da Família, correspondendo a 75% do total de equipes e em crescimento. Apesar dos questionamentos e expectativas gerados pela PNAB de 2017 no contexto da Atenção Primária à Saúde, conclui-se que, em relação às equipes e suas composições, não houve mudança significativa após dois anos de sua vigência.

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Resumo A Estratégia Saúde da Família é a principal forma de organização do sistema de saúde brasileiro. Contudo, a terceira edição da Política Nacional de Atenção Básica (PNAB) passou a reconhecer financeiramente outros tipos de equipes. Para analisar os efeitos da PNAB de 2017 na composição das equipes, foi realizado um estudo de série temporal de 2007 a 2019 utilizando dados do Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde (CNES) de postos de trabalho e de equipes e a cobertura nacional da Saúde da Família. Observou-se a concentração de médicos nas regiões Sudeste e Nordeste e oscilação dessa categoria profissional ante os acontecimentos do Programa Mais Médicos. Houve acréscimo de 5% de enfermeiros e redução de 0,3% dos ACS no país. A despeito da autorização e financiamento para implantação de equipes de "Atenção Básica" (eAB), elas correspondem a menos de 1% do total de equipes. Vale ressaltar que a modalidade preferencial dos gestores municipais se mantem pela Equipes de Saúde da Família, correspondendo a 75% do total de equipes e em crescimento. Apesar dos questionamentos e expectativas gerados pela PNAB de 2017 no contexto da Atenção Primária à Saúde, conclui-se que, em relação às equipes e suas composições, não houve mudança significativa após dois anos de sua vigência.

Abstract The Family Health Strategy is the main form of organization of the Brazilian health system. However, the third edition of the National Primary Health Care Policy (PNAB) recognized other types of teams financially. A time series study was conducted from 2007 to 2019 using data from the National Register of Health Facilities (CNES) of jobs, teams and national coverage of Family Health to analyze the effects of the 2017 National Primary Health Care Policy (PNAB) on team composition. We observed the concentration of doctors in the Southeast and Northeast and variation of this professional category before the events of the "Mais Médicos" (More Doctors) Program. The number of nurses increased 5% and Community Health Workers (ACS) dropped 0.3% in the country. Despite the authorization and funding for the implementation of "Primary Care" teams (eAB), they correspond to less than 1% of the total teams. It is noteworthy that the municipal managers' preferred mode is the traditional Family Health Teams, equivalent to 75% of the total and growing. While the questionings and expectations generated by the 2017 PNAB in the context of Primary Health Care, we can conclude that, regarding the teams and their compositions, no significant change was identified two years into its coming into force.

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Mental disorders affect approximately 10-15% of children and adolescents worldwide. In South America these numbers are probably higher due to poverty and adverse life events that frequently affect this region. The availability of qualified services and well-trained professionals to care for those children are by far insufficient. The aim of this study was to assess and describe child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP) training in Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, and Chile, to support the development and strengthen training standards. The coordinators of CAP residency programs in Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, and Chile were invited to answer an online questionnaire about the characteristics of their training programs. Twelve programs from Brazil, three programs from Chile, two from Argentina, and one from Uruguay completed the questionnaires. In the last three countries, CAP is recognized as an independent specialty, while in Brazil it is considered a subspecialty of psychiatry. None of the countries have a national guideline for CAP residency training. Recently, there has been an increase in the number of professionals interested in pursuing a formal CAP training. This is the first study aiming to evaluate the current scenario of CAP training in South America. The results point to a great potential in the evaluated programs, but also to the need for homogeneous criteria for CAP training and evaluation of residents. A more efficient communication among programs would be an enriching strategy for their development, which may be facilitated by the results of this study.

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Resumen. La irritabilidad es un síntoma transdiagnóstico que atraviesa la barrera de las patologías internalizantes y externalizantes. Se define como un umbral bajo para experimentar la ira en respuesta a la frustración y es uno de los síntomas más comunes en niños y adolescentes. Las conductas relacionadas con la ira apropiadas para el desarrollo tienden a reflejar frustración en contextos esperados, mientras que la irritabilidad crónica es inapropiada para la situación. La presentación de la irritabilidad, crónica o episódica, es crucial para comprender su significado psicopatológico, en particular porque las estructuras de la irritabilidad episódica y crónica son separables y permanecen estables a lo largo del tiempo. Existen varios estudios acerca de la irritabilidad en patologías como trastorno afectivo bipolar y trastorno de desregulación disruptiva del estado del ánimo, en ambos casos es importante plantearse como punto de partida la identificación de la episodicidad. La irritabilidad también se encuentra presente en el trastorno de personalidad límite observándose dentro de una inestabilidad afectiva debida a una reactividad notable del estado de ánimo. Estas emociones tienen un correlato anatómico relacionado con deficiencias de los circuitos frontolímbicos. Para el manejo de la irritabilidad en las distintas patologías, la evidencia del tratamiento incluye terapia cognitivo conductual, intervención de los padres, mindfulness, pero existe una necesidad apremiante de investigación sobre el tratamiento farmacológico complementario.

Irritability is a transdiagnostic symptom that crosses the barrier between internalizing and externalizing pathologies. It is defined as a low threshold to experience anger in response to frustration and it is one of the most common symptoms in children and adolescents. Behaviors related to appropriate developmental anger tend to reflect frustration in expected contexts, while chronic irritability is inappropriate to the situation. The presentation of irritability, chronic or episodic, is crucial to understanding its psychopathological meaning, particularly because the structures of episodic and chronic irritability are separable and remain stable over time. There are several studies about irritability in pathologies such as bipolar affective disorder and disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, in both cases it is important to consider the identification of episodicity as a starting point. Irritability is also present in borderline personality disorder, where it is expressed as an affective instability due to a remarkable reactivity of the state of mind. These emotions have been anatomically related to deficiencies of the frontolimbic circuits. For the management of irritability in different patholo-gies, the evidence includes cognitive behavioral therapy, parental intervention, mindfulness, but there still is a pressing need for research on complementary pharmacological treatment.

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Malignant spinal cord compression syndrome (MSCCS) occurs in 2.5 to 5% of all oncological patients. In 20% of the cases, it is the initial manifestation. This syndrome is a rare event among germ cell tumors (GCT), occurring in only 1.7% of the patients. We present the case of a 24-year-old man who arrived at the emergency department with dysesthesia and paraparesis as well as urinary incontinence. Imaging studies showed an infiltrative lesion in the left testicle, pulmonary and hepatic metastatic disease, and a large retroperitoneal ganglionar conglomerate that infiltrated the spinal cord through the intervertebral foramina of the vertebra level T11 with displacement of the L1 vertebral body. A postoperative biopsy showed a pure embryonal carcinoma. In the initial approach of a young man who presents spinal cord compression, the presence of MSCCS associated with GCT should be considered as a possible cause. A high level of suspicion is required to achieve a timely diagnosis, to grant the patient the best possible outcome.

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Testicular cancer is the most common solid malignancy affecting males between the ages of 15 and 35. The symptomatology caused by this tumor varies according to the site of metastasis. We present the case of a 26-year-old male who arrived to the emergency department with hematemesis. He had no previous medical history. On arrival, we noted enlargement of the left scrotal sac. There was also a mass in the left scrotum which provoked displacement of the penis and right testis. The serum alpha-fetoprotein level was 17,090 ng/mL, lactate dehydrogenase was 1480 U/L, and human chorionic gonadotropin was 287.4 IU/mL. Upper endoscopy revealed a type 1 isolated gastric varix, treated with cyanoacrylate. A CT scan showed extrinsic compression of the portal vein by lymphadenopathy along with splenic vein partial thrombosis, which caused left-sided portal hypertension. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was started with etoposide and cisplatin, and seven days later the patient underwent left radical orchiectomy. A postoperative biopsy revealed a pure testicular teratoma. Noncirrhotic left portal hypertension with bleeding from an isolated gastric varix secondary to metastasic testicular cancer has not been described before. Clinicians must consider the possibility of malignancy in the differential diagnosis of a young man presenting with unexplained gastrointestinal bleeding.