RESUMO
The topmouth culter (Culter alburnus) is an economically important freshwater fish, which is widely distributed throughout large rivers, reservoirs, and lake areas of China. We report here the isolation and characterization of 32 new polymorphic microsatellite loci isolated from genomic DNA in this species enriched by (CA)12 and (GA)12 probes. The variability of these microsatellites was tested on 30 individuals cultured. The average allele number was 6.6 per locus, ranging from 3 to 12. The observed heterozygosity was from 0.4667 to 0.9000, and the expected heterozygosity was from 0.6163 to 0.9085. After using Bonferroni's correction for multiple tests, there was no evidence of linkage disequilibrium between pairs of loci, but deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were found in 3 loci. These microsatellites can be used to study QTL of economic importance, population genetic diversity and the construction of genetic maps for C. alburnus in the future.
Assuntos
Peixes/genética , Loci Gênicos , Repetições de Microssatélites , Alelos , Animais , Peixes/classificação , Heterogeneidade Genética , Dados de Sequência MolecularRESUMO
Asimicin and a new cytotoxic Annonaceous acetogenin, venezenin [1], were isolated from the bark of Xylopia aromatica by bioactivity-directed fractionation using lethality to brine shrimp. Compound 1 represents an unusual type of C37 Annonaceous acetogenin, lacking either tetrahydrofuran (THF) or epoxide rings and possessing a double bond located two methylenes away from a vicinal diol in the hydrocarbon chain. The structure of 1 was elucidated by 1H- and 13C-nmr, COSY, single-relayed COSY, and by HMBC techniques, and derivatization. Annomontacin 10-one [6] and 18/21-cis-annomontacin-10-one [7], two semi-synthetic mono-THF acetogenins were prepared from 1. These acetogenins showed cytotoxicity, comparable or superior to adriamycin, against three human solid tumor cell lines. Reduction of the 10-keto of 1 to the racemic OH-10 derivative enhanced the bioactivity, as did the conversion of 1 to 6 and 7. Venezenin [1], like other Annonaceous acetogenins, showed inhibition of oxygen uptake by rat liver mitochondria and demonstrated that the THF ring may not be essential to this mode of action.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Furanos/isolamento & purificação , Plantas Medicinais/química , Animais , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Artemia , Doxorrubicina/farmacologia , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Furanos/farmacologia , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Mitocôndrias Hepáticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Consumo de Oxigênio/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , VenezuelaRESUMO
Xylopien [1] and xylomatenin [2], two new bioactive monotetrahydrofuran Annonaceous acetogenins, have been isolated from an EtOH extract of the bark of Xylopia aromatica, using bioactivity-directed fractionation employing lethality to brine shrimp. These new compounds each have a double bond in the hydrocarbon chain and have been identified as C-23, C-24 dehydro analogs of xylopiacin and xylomaticin. Their structures were elucidated by spectral analyses of the parent compounds and/or simple chemical derivatives. Their absolute stereochemistries have been established by 1H- and 2D nmr experiments utilizing the production of Mosher esters. These acetogenins showed cytotoxic potencies superior to adriamycin against three human solid tumor cell lines.
Assuntos
4-Butirolactona/análogos & derivados , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Álcoois Graxos/isolamento & purificação , Plantas Medicinais/química , 4-Butirolactona/isolamento & purificação , 4-Butirolactona/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Doxorrubicina/farmacologia , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Álcoois Graxos/farmacologia , Humanos , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Espectrofotometria Infravermelho , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta , Células Tumorais Cultivadas , VenezuelaRESUMO
Bioactive Annonaceous acetogenins have been isolated from the EtOH extract of the bark of Xylopia aromatica by bioactivity-directed fractionation using lethality to brine shrimp. These acetogenins include xylopianin [1 , xylopiacin [2], and xylomaticin [3], which are three new mono-tetrahydrofuran ring type acetogenins, in addition to the known compounds, annomontacin, gigantetronenin, gigantetrocin A, and annonacin. Compounds 1 and 2 are unusual in having hydroxylation at C-8; 3 has the same functionalities as annonacin but with 37 carbons instead of 35 carbons. The structures were elucidated by spectral analysis of the parent compounds and/or simple chemical derivatives. These acetogenins showed cytotoxicities, comparable to adriamycin, against three human solid tumor cell lines.