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This study evaluated the dimensionality, invariance, and reliability of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) within and across Brazil, Canada, Hong Kong, Romania, Taiwan, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, and the United States (N = 2,580) in college student samples. We used confirmatory factor analyses to compare the fit of four different factor structures of the DASS-21: a unidimensional model, a three-correlated-factors model, a higher order model, and a bifactor model. The bifactor model, with three specific factors (depression, anxiety, and stress) and one general factor (general distress), presented the best fit within each country. We also calculated ancillary bifactor indices of model-based dimensionality of the DASS-21 and model-based reliability to further examine the validity of the composite total and subscale scores and the use of unidimensional modeling. Results suggested the DASS-21 can be used as a unidimensional scale. Finally, measurement invariance of the best fitting model was tested across countries indicating configural invariance. The traditional three-correlated-factors model presented scalar invariance across Canada, Hong Kong, Romania, Taiwan, and the United States. Overall, these analyses indicate that the DASS-21 would best be used as a general score of distress rather than three separate factors of depression, anxiety, and stress, in the countries studied.

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A avaliação da percepção que se tem da família é fundamental para saber quanto os jovens estão satisfeitos com essa instituição social, sendo que em Portugal não existe uma escala com essa função. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as semelhanças psicométricas do conjunto inicial de 136 itens que foi utilizado na construção do Inventário de Percepção do Suporte Familiar (IPSF) no Brasil, tendo sua versão final com 42 itens e comparar os resultados em uma amostra portuguesa de jovens adultos (N=248). Para o tratamento dos dados, recorreu-se à mesma análise realizada no Brasil, de componentes principais com rotação Oblimin. Os resultados demonstraram um número de itens e distribuição nas três categorias iniciais (afetivo-consistente, adaptação e autonomia) muito próximos aos encontrados na amostra de normatização brasileira, o que sugere semelhança tanto no número quanto na constituição dos componentes nas duas culturas.

The evaluation of the people’s perception of family is fundamental to understanding the degree to which young people are satisfied with this social institution, and in Portugal there is no scale with this function. The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric similarities of the initial set of 136 items that was used in the construction of Family Support Perception Inventory (IPSF) in Brazil, having a final version with 42 items, and compare the results to a Portuguese sample of young adults (N=248). For the data processing, we used the same analysis as in Brazil, of the principal components with oblimin rotation. Results showed a number of items and distribution in the three initial categories (affective-consistent, adaptation and autonomy) very close to those found on the Brazilian standardization sample, suggesting similarity both in number and in the constitution of the components in the two cultures.

La evaluación de la percepción que se tiene sobre la familia es fundamental para saber en qué medida los jóvenes están satisfechos con esta institución social; en Portugal no existe una escala con esta función. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las semejanzas psicométricas del conjunto inicial de 136 ítems que se utilizan en la construcción del Inventario de Percepción de Soporte Familiar (IPSF) en Brasil, teniendo su versión final con 42 ítems, y comparar los resultados en una muestra portuguesa de jóvenes adultos (N=248). Para el tratamiento de los datos se recurrió al mismo análisis realizado en Brasil, de componentes principales con rotación oblimin. Los resultados mostraron una serie de ítems y distribución en las tres categorías iniciales (afectivo-consistente, adaptación y autonomía) muy cercanos a los encontrados en la muestra brasileña de normalización, lo que sugiere semejanzas tanto en número como en la constitución de los componentes en las dos culturas.

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A avaliação da percepção que se tem da família é fundamental para saber quanto os jovens estão satisfeitos com essa instituição social, sendo que em Portugal não existe uma escala com essa função. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as semelhanças psicométricas do conjunto inicial de 136 itens que foi utilizado na construção do Inventário de Percepção do Suporte Familiar (IPSF) no Brasil, tendo sua versão final com 42 itens e comparar os resultados em uma amostra portuguesa de jovens adultos (N=248). Para o tratamento dos dados, recorreu-se à mesma análise realizada no Brasil, de componentes principais com rotação Oblimin. Os resultados demonstraram um número de itens e distribuição nas três categorias iniciais (afetivo-consistente, adaptação e autonomia) muito próximos aos encontrados na amostra de normatização brasileira, o que sugere semelhança tanto no número quanto na constituição dos componentes nas duas culturas.(AU)

The evaluation of the people’s perception of family is fundamental to understanding the degree to which young people are satisfied with this social institution, and in Portugal there is no scale with this function. The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric similarities of the initial set of 136 items that was used in the construction of Family Support Perception Inventory (IPSF) in Brazil, having a final version with 42 items, and compare the results to a Portuguese sample of young adults (N=248). For the data processing, we used the same analysis as in Brazil, of the principal components with oblimin rotation. Results showed a number of items and distribution in the three initial categories (affective-consistent, adaptation and autonomy) very close to those found on the Brazilian standardization sample, suggesting similarity both in number and in the constitution of the components in the two cultures.(AU)

La evaluación de la percepción que se tiene sobre la familia es fundamental para saber en qué medida los jóvenes están satisfechos con esta institución social; en Portugal no existe una escala con esta función. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las semejanzas psicométricas del conjunto inicial de 136 ítems que se utilizan en la construcción del Inventario de Percepción de Soporte Familiar (IPSF) en Brasil, teniendo su versión final con 42 ítems, y comparar los resultados en una muestra portuguesa de jóvenes adultos (N=248). Para el tratamiento de los datos se recurrió al mismo análisis realizado en Brasil, de componentes principales con rotación oblimin. Los resultados mostraron una serie de ítems y distribución en las tres categorías iniciales (afectivo-consistente, adaptación y autonomía) muy cercanos a los encontrados en la muestra brasileña de normalización, lo que sugiere semejanzas tanto en número como en la constitución de los componentes en las dos culturas.(AU)

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We compared service outcomes of dedicated language and cultural competency services in adequacy of care, ER, and inpatient care among Portuguese-speaking patients in ethnic- and non-ethnic-specific behavioral health clinics. We assessed adequacy of mental health care, and use of inpatient emergency department among Portuguese-speaking patients, comparing individuals receiving care from a culturally and linguistically competent mental health care setting (the Portuguese Mental Health Program [PMHP]) with usual mental health care in a community health care system in the USA. Propensity score matching was used to balance patients in treatment and control groups on gender, marital status, age, diagnosis of mental disorder, and insurance status. We used de-identified, longitudinal, administrative data of 854 Portuguese-speaking patients receiving care from the PMHP and 541 Portuguese-speaking patients receiving usual care from 2005-2008. Adequate treatment was defined as receipt of at least eight outpatient psychotherapy visits, or at least four outpatient visits of which one was a psychopharmacological visit. PMHP patients were more likely to receive adequate care. No differences were found in rates of ER use or inpatient mental health care. The present study suggests increased quality of care for patients that have contact with a clinic that dedicates resources specifically to a minority/immigrant group. Advantages of this setting include greater linguistic and cultural concordance among providers and patients. Further research is warranted to better understand the mechanisms by which culturally appropriate mental health care settings benefit minority/immigrant patients.

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BACKGROUND: Influenza viruses cause highly contagious acute respiratory illnesses with significant mortality, especially among young children, elderly people, and individuals with serious medical conditions. This encourages the development of new treatments for human flu. Biotherapies are diluted solutions prepared from biological products compounded following homeopathic procedures. OBJECTIVES: To develop a biotherapy prepared from the infectious influenza A virus (A/Aichi/2/68 H3N2) and to verify its in vitro response. METHODS: The ultradiluted influenza virus solution was prepared in the homeopathic dilution 30dH, it was termed Influenzinum RC. The cellular alterations induced by this preparation were analyzed by optical and electron microscopy, MTT and neutral red assays. Glycolytic metabolism (PFK-1) was studied by spectrophotometric assay. Additionally, the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) by J774.G8 macrophage cells was quantified by ELISA before and after infection with H3N2 influenza virus and treatment. RESULTS: Influenzinum RC did not cause cytotoxic effects but induced morphological alterations in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. After 30 days, a significant increase (p < 0.05) in mitosis rate was detected compared to control. MDCK mitochondrial activity was changed after treatment for 10 and 30 days. Treatment significantly diminished (p < 0.05) PFK-1 activity. TNF-α in biotherapy-stimulated J774.G8 macrophages indicated a significant (p < 0.05) increase in this cytokine when the cell supernatant was analyzed. CONCLUSION: Influenzinum RC altered cellular and biochemical features of MDCK and J774G8 cells.

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Visando melhor aproveitamento do soro de queijo estudou-se a influência da proporção de soro e da concentração de hidrocoloide nos teores de lactose, ácido lático e tempo de fermentação de bebidas lácteas. Utilizou-se planejamento composto central rotacional com 3 pontos centrais, totalizando 11 experimentos. Empregaram-se as proporções soro/leite de 51, 55, 65, 75 e 79%, e as concentrações de hidrocoloide de 0,03; 0,04; 0,07; 0,10 e 0,11%. Os resultados foram tratados por análise de variância ao nível de significância de 5%. A proporção de soro influenciou significativamente (p<0,05) as variáveis resposta tempo de fermentação, lactose, sólidos totais e acidez titulável, porém não houve influência significativa (p<0,05) para a concentração de hidrocoloide. Menores tempos de fermentação foram atingidos quando se utilizou até 65% de soro. Os maiores teores de lactose foram obtidos nos experimentos com maior proporção de soro, enquanto que as bebidas com menor proporção de soro apresentaram maior teor de sólidos totais e acidez titulável.

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Introduction: Influenza viruses have been responsible for highly contagious acute respiratory illnesses with high mortality, mainly in the elderly, which encourages the development of new drugs for the treatment of human flu. The biotherapics are medicines prepared from biological products, which are not chemically defined. They are compounded following the homeopathic procedures indicated for infectious diseases with known etiology [1]. Aim: The purpose of the present study is to verify cellular alterations induced by a biotherapic prepared from the infectious influenza A virus. Methodology: This biotherapic was prepared for this study in the homeopathic potency of 30X according to the Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopeia [2]. The concentration of 10% was not cytotoxic to cells, as verified by neutral red assay. The cellular alterations observed in MDCK cells were analyzed by optical microscopy for the quantification of mitosis, nucleoli and lipid bodies. The mitochondrial activity was assessed by MTT assay and the phosphosfructokinase-1 (PFK-1) enzyme activity was analyzed on the MDCK cells treated for 5, 10 and 30 days. Macrophages J778.G8 were treated with this biotherapic to evaluate the immunostimulatory cytokine release. Results: The cellular alterations observed in MDCK cells were verified by optical microscopy. The number of lipid bodies present in MDCK cells stimulated for 10 days was significantly lower (p <0.05) when compared to controls. The biotherapic significantly increased (p <0.05) the number of mitosis and the mitochondrial activity of MDCK cells stimulated for 10 and 30 days. These changes were confirmed by a significant reduction (p <0.05) on the PFK-1 activity. These results suggest that the biotherapic was able to activate the Krebs cycle and pentosephosphate metabolism to the generation of amino acids and nucleotides, situations common to cells whose rate of mitosis is increased. The quantification of immunostimulatory cytokines by macrophages J774.G8 indicated that the tumor necrosis factor (TNF-?) production was higher (p <0.05) in the supernatant of the macrophages pre-treated with this biotherapic and infected with influenza virus, suggesting an activation of the macrophages by this biotherapic. Conclusion: This biotherapic is able to induce some cellular alterations, which show strong evidence that it might be a promising option for the human flu. New experiments are being developed to understand the mechanisms of action of this biotherapic.(AU)

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Introduction: Influenza viruses have been responsible for highly contagious acute respiratory illnesses with high mortality, mainly in the elderly, which encourages the development of new drugs for the treatment of human flu. The biotherapics are medicines prepared from biological products, which are not chemically defined. They are compounded following the homeopathic procedures indicated for infectious diseases with known etiology [1]. Aim: The purpose of the present study is to verify cellular alterations induced by a biotherapic prepared from the infectious influenza A virus. Methodology: This biotherapic was prepared for this study in the homeopathic potency of 30X according to the Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopeia [2]. The concentration of 10% was not cytotoxic to cells, as verified by neutral red assay. The cellular alterations observed in MDCK cells were analyzed by optical microscopy for the quantification of mitosis, nucleoli and lipid bodies. The mitochondrial activity was assessed by MTT assay and the phosphosfructokinase-1 (PFK-1) enzyme activity was analyzed on the MDCK cells treated for 5, 10 and 30 days. Macrophages J778.G8 were treated with this biotherapic to evaluate the immunostimulatory cytokine release. Results: The cellular alterations observed in MDCK cells were verified by optical microscopy. The number of lipid bodies present in MDCK cells stimulated for 10 days was significantly lower (p <0.05) when compared to controls. The biotherapic significantly increased (p <0.05) the number of mitosis and the mitochondrial activity of MDCK cells stimulated for 10 and 30 days. These changes were confirmed by a significant reduction (p <0.05) on the PFK-1 activity. These results suggest that the biotherapic was able to activate the Krebs cycle and pentosephosphate metabolism to the generation of amino acids and nucleotides, situations common to cells whose rate of mitosis is increased. The quantification of immunostimulatory cytokines by macrophages J774.G8 indicated that the tumor necrosis factor (TNF-?) production was higher (p <0.05) in the supernatant of the macrophages pre-treated with this biotherapic and infected with influenza virus, suggesting an activation of the macrophages by this biotherapic. Conclusion: This biotherapic is able to induce some cellular alterations, which show strong evidence that it might be a promising option for the human flu. New experiments are being developed to understand the mechanisms of action of this biotherapic.

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Objetivo: este estudo objetiva avaliar a eficácia da CE e da CEE após o cone-CAF como preditores do compromentimento lesional das margens do cone. Métodos: O CAF foi realizado sob anestesia local e visäo colposcópia dirta em 35 pacientes encaminhadas por resultados alterados na citologia e/ou biópsia. As CE/CEE foram coletadas imediatamente após o CAF, utilizando-se Cytobrush e cureta de Novak, respectivamente. Resultados: foram observadas lesöes de alto grau em 25/35 (71,43porcento) dos cones-CAF, todos compatíveis com os resultados citoistológicos prévios. Ocorreu comprometimento das margens em 14/35 (40porcento) dos cones. O material coletado por CEE foi insuficiente em 6/14 (42,86porcento) e positivo em 3/14 (21,43porcento) dos restantes. A CE se apresentou inconclusiva em 5/14 (35,72porcento) dos casos e positiva em 3/14 (21,43porcento). Os limites das lesöes colposcópicas näo foram visibilizados em 12/35 (34,29porcento)pacientes e, deste total, 3/12 (25porcento) das lesöes endocervicais foram detectadas através do material coletado pelas CE/CEE. Cnclusöes: considerando a alta incidência de comprometimento das margens do cone pós-CAF, ambos os métodos CE e CEE se mostraram úteis como instrumentos primários de detecçäo em um terço dos casos estudados. Estes resultados prliminares devem ser melhor avaliados com a sua inclusäo no protocolo de rotina, especialmente indicado em pacientes apresentando lesöes colposcópias de limites endocervicais näo visiveis. O acompanhamento a longo-prazo maiores reduzirá o número de coletas insuficientes/inconclusivas, possibilitando melhores conclusöes sobre ambos os métodos e permitindo, inclusive, prevenir as indicaçöes de histerectomia devido a lesöes residuais pós-cone (au)

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