RESUMO
Molecular changes that affect mitochondrial glycolysis have been associated with the maintenance of tumor cells. Some metabolic factors have already been described as predictors of disease severity and outcomes. This systematic review was conducted to answer the question: Is the glycolytic pathway correlated with the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)? A search strategy was developed to retrieve studies in English from PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science using keywords related to squamous cell carcinoma, survival, and glycolytic pathway, with no restriction of publication date. The search retrieved 1273 publications. After the titles and abstracts were analyzed, 27 studies met inclusion criteria. Studies were divided into groups according to two subtopics, glycolytic pathways and diagnosis, which describe the glycolytic profile of OSCC tumors. Several components of tumor energy metabolism found in this review are important predictors of survival of patients with OSCC.
Assuntos
Glicólise , Neoplasias Bucais/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/diagnóstico , Humanos , Neoplasias Bucais/metabolismo , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/metabolismoRESUMO
Molecular changes that affect mitochondrial glycolysis have been associated with the maintenance of tumor cells. Some metabolic factors have already been described as predictors of disease severity and outcomes. This systematic review was conducted to answer the question: Is the glycolytic pathway correlated with the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)? A search strategy was developed to retrieve studies in English from PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science using keywords related to squamous cell carcinoma, survival, and glycolytic pathway, with no restriction of publication date. The search retrieved 1273 publications. After the titles and abstracts were analyzed, 27 studies met inclusion criteria. Studies were divided into groups according to two subtopics, glycolytic pathways and diagnosis, which describe the glycolytic profile of OSCC tumors. Several components of tumor energy metabolism found in this review are important predictors of survival of patients with OSCC.
Assuntos
Humanos , Neoplasias Bucais/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/diagnóstico , Glicólise , Neoplasias Bucais/metabolismo , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/metabolismoRESUMO
Brazilian poultry production is growing, mainly due to the cost and benefit that chicken meat provides. The importance of free-range chickens and the susceptibility, to which they are exposed, makes it necessary to know about gastrointestinal parasites and the consequences that large infections can cause for them as such as weight loss. The present study aimed to determine the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in free-range hens raised in an extensive regime in the municipality of Santa Rita, state of Maranhão, Brazil. The studied population was composed of adult chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) acquired from slaughterhouses in the region. The gastrointestinal organs of each chicken were separated and subsequently conditioned in flasks containing Railliet and Henrys solution and sent to the laboratory, to be analyzed and processed. Of the 100 chickens examined, 227 specimens of helminthes were identified, with a frequency of 32.6% for nematodes and 67.4% for cestodes. Among the nematode the following parasites were identified: Ascaridia galli (27.03%); Heterakis gallinarum (48.65%) and Subulura spp. (24, 32%). Raillietina echinobothrida (100%) was the only cestoda identified. The average infection rate by species of parasite was 1.18 for A. galli, 2.22 for H. gallinarum, 1.06 for Subulura spp. and 9.00 for R. echinobothrida. It is concluded that free-range chickens are parasitized by nematodes and cestoda.
Assuntos
Animais , Galinhas/anatomia & histologia , Galinhas/parasitologia , Trato Gastrointestinal/parasitologiaRESUMO
Brazilian poultry production is growing, mainly due to the cost and benefit that chicken meat provides. The importance of free-range chickens and the susceptibility, to which they are exposed, makes it necessary to know about gastrointestinal parasites and the consequences that large infections can cause for them as such as weight loss. The present study aimed to determine the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in free-range hens raised in an extensive regime in the municipality of Santa Rita, state of Maranhão, Brazil. The studied population was composed of adult chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) acquired from slaughterhouses in the region. The gastrointestinal organs of each chicken were separated and subsequently conditioned in flasks containing Railliet and Henrys solution and sent to the laboratory, to be analyzed and processed. Of the 100 chickens examined, 227 specimens of helminthes were identified, with a frequency of 32.6% for nematodes and 67.4% for cestodes. Among the nematode the following parasites were identified: Ascaridia galli (27.03%); Heterakis gallinarum (48.65%) and Subulura spp. (24, 32%). Raillietina echinobothrida (100%) was the only cestoda identified. The average infection rate by species of parasite was 1.18 for A. galli, 2.22 for H. gallinarum, 1.06 for Subulura spp. and 9.00 for R. echinobothrida. It is concluded that free-range chickens are parasitized by nematodes and cestoda.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Trato Gastrointestinal/parasitologia , Galinhas/anatomia & histologia , Galinhas/parasitologiaRESUMO
Avaliaram-se os efeitos do sistema de resfriamento evaporativo com pressão negativa (SRE) e aspersão de água sobre o telhado (AAT), as variáveis termofisiológicas, os hormônios tireoidianos e a relação neutrófilo:linfócito (N:L) em porcas. Utilizaram-se 61 fêmeas em lactação, que foram divididas nos dois ambientes térmicos, sendo 30 em SRE e 31 em AAT, no verão. A temperatura e a umidade do ar, a frequência respiratória (FR), as temperaturas de superfície (TS) e retal (TR), a concentração de tiroxina e de tri-iodotironina, o número de neutrófilos e linfócitos e a relação N:L foram determinados. A temperatura ambiente pela manhã foi menor em SRE que em AAT (22,1ºC vs. 23,5ºC) e pela tarde (24,8ºC vs. 28,0ºC). Em ambos os períodos, a FR, a TS e a TR foram menores em SRE (de manhã 49 resp.min-1, 31,1ºC e 38,5ºC, respectivamente, e à tarde 55 resp.min-1, 30,3ºC e 38,8ºC, respectivamente) que em AAT (de manhã 54 resp.min-1, 32,8ºC e 38,6ºC, respectivamente; e à tarde 65 resp.min-1, 31,4ºC e 39,1ºC, respectivamente). Animais sob galpão AAT apresentaram menores concentrações de T4 que animais sob SRE (37,84 vs. 42,22nmol.L-1). Em ambiente tropical, no verão, porcas lactantes de ambos os sistemas mantêm a homeotermia.(AU)
The effects of the evaporative cooling system with negative pressure (ECS) and water spray on the roof (WSR) on physiological variables, thyroid hormones and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (N:L) in lactating sows were evaluated. Sixty-one lactating females were divided in the two thermal environments, being 30 in SRE and 31 in the AAT shed in the summer. The air temperature and humidity, respiratory frequency (RF), surface temperatures (ST) and rectal (RT), serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentration, number of neutrophils and lymphocytes and the N/L ratio were determined. In the afternoon, the matrices in ECS (Tar: 25.0°C and THI: 74.7) and WSR (Tar: 27.6°C and THI: 77.3) were exposed to heat stress. In the morning, RF, ST and RT were lower in ECS (49 breaths.min -1 , 31.1°C and 38.5°C, respectively) than WSR (54 breaths.min -1 , 32.8°C and 38.6°C) and also in the afternoon ECS (55 breaths.min -1 , 30.3°C and 38.8°C, respectively) and WSR (65 breaths.min -1 , 31.4°C and 39.1°C, respectively). Animals under WSR shed presented lower concentrations of T4 than animals under ECS (37.84 vs 42.22nmol.L -1 ). In a tropical environment, in the summer, lactating sows of both systems maintain homeothermia.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Suínos/fisiologia , Hormônios Tireóideos/análise , Bem-Estar do Animal , Resposta ao Choque Térmico/fisiologiaRESUMO
Avaliaram-se os efeitos do sistema de resfriamento evaporativo com pressão negativa (SRE) e aspersão de água sobre o telhado (AAT), as variáveis termofisiológicas, os hormônios tireoidianos e a relação neutrófilo:linfócito (N:L) em porcas. Utilizaram-se 61 fêmeas em lactação, que foram divididas nos dois ambientes térmicos, sendo 30 em SRE e 31 em AAT, no verão. A temperatura e a umidade do ar, a frequência respiratória (FR), as temperaturas de superfície (TS) e retal (TR), a concentração de tiroxina e de tri-iodotironina, o número de neutrófilos e linfócitos e a relação N:L foram determinados. A temperatura ambiente pela manhã foi menor em SRE que em AAT (22,1ºC vs. 23,5ºC) e pela tarde (24,8ºC vs. 28,0ºC). Em ambos os períodos, a FR, a TS e a TR foram menores em SRE (de manhã 49 resp.min-1, 31,1ºC e 38,5ºC, respectivamente, e à tarde 55 resp.min-1, 30,3ºC e 38,8ºC, respectivamente) que em AAT (de manhã 54 resp.min-1, 32,8ºC e 38,6ºC, respectivamente; e à tarde 65 resp.min-1, 31,4ºC e 39,1ºC, respectivamente). Animais sob galpão AAT apresentaram menores concentrações de T4 que animais sob SRE (37,84 vs. 42,22nmol.L-1). Em ambiente tropical, no verão, porcas lactantes de ambos os sistemas mantêm a homeotermia.(AU)
The effects of the evaporative cooling system with negative pressure (ECS) and water spray on the roof (WSR) on physiological variables, thyroid hormones and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (N:L) in lactating sows were evaluated. Sixty-one lactating females were divided in the two thermal environments, being 30 in SRE and 31 in the AAT shed in the summer. The air temperature and humidity, respiratory frequency (RF), surface temperatures (ST) and rectal (RT), serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentration, number of neutrophils and lymphocytes and the N/L ratio were determined. In the afternoon, the matrices in ECS (Tar: 25.0°C and THI: 74.7) and WSR (Tar: 27.6°C and THI: 77.3) were exposed to heat stress. In the morning, RF, ST and RT were lower in ECS (49 breaths.min -1 , 31.1°C and 38.5°C, respectively) than WSR (54 breaths.min -1 , 32.8°C and 38.6°C) and also in the afternoon ECS (55 breaths.min -1 , 30.3°C and 38.8°C, respectively) and WSR (65 breaths.min -1 , 31.4°C and 39.1°C, respectively). Animals under WSR shed presented lower concentrations of T4 than animals under ECS (37.84 vs 42.22nmol.L -1 ). In a tropical environment, in the summer, lactating sows of both systems maintain homeothermia.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Suínos/fisiologia , Hormônios Tireóideos/análise , Bem-Estar do Animal , Resposta ao Choque Térmico/fisiologiaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Because of its composition, ultra-processed foods can contribute to excess weight. The objective of the study was to verify the association between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and overweight in adolescents. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 617 adolescents. Sociodemographic, anthropometric and food consumption data were evaluated. Linear regression analyses were used to verify the association. Ultra-processed foods presented higher proportions of carbohydrates, lipids and saturated fat in relation to the total diet consumed. However, this food group had a lower proportion of proteins and fibers. Intake of ultra-processed foods was more frequent in females and being overweight was positively associated with the ingestion of ultra-processed foods. The high consumption of ultra-processed foods can contribute to weight gain. Therefore, the reduction of consumption of ultra-processed foods should be encouraged to improve eating habits.
RESUMEN Debido a su composición, los alimentos ultraprocesados pueden contribuir al exceso de peso. El objetivo del estudio fue verificar la asociación entre el consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados y el sobrepeso en adolescentes. Estudio transversal con 617 adolescentes. Se evaluaron los datos sociodemográficos, antropométricos y de consumo de alimentos. Se usaron análisis de regresión lineal para verificar la asociación. Los alimentos ultraprocesados presentaron mayores proporciones de carbohidratos, lípidos y grasas saturadas en relación con la dieta total consumida. Sin embargo, este grupo de alimentos tenía una menor proporción de proteínas y fibras. La ingesta de ultraprocesados fue más frecuente en las mujeres y el sobrepeso se asoció positivamente con la ingestión de alimentos ultraprocesados. El alto consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados puede contribuir al aumento de peso. Por lo tanto, se debe fomentar la reducción del consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados para mejorar los hábitos alimenticios.
Assuntos
Humanos , Estado Nutricional , Adolescente , Alimentos Preparados , Comportamento Alimentar , Fast Foods , Obesidade , Brasil , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
The aims of the current study were to assess the inclusion levels of grape byproduct replacing jiggs hay in lambs diets and to evaluate signs of copper poisoning. Thirty-four Texel and Corriedale crossbred female lambs were used in a randomized block experimental design. The treatments comprised four levels of grape byproduct (0; 100; 200 and 300â¯g/kg DM) in replacement of jiggs hay. The diets were adjusted to the same ZnCu ratio (6:1) of the basal diet. Grape byproduct consumption at up to 30%, led to similar weight gain in the different treatments (Pâ¯=â¯.92), which was suitable for growing lambs. Grape byproduct in the diet had linear effect on GGT (Pâ¯<â¯.001) and AST (Pâ¯<â¯.0001) enzymes as well as on total bilirubin (Pâ¯=â¯.05). In addition, the highest grape byproduct addition showed the highest consumption of hay (Pâ¯<â¯.01). Hay replacement by grape byproduct at up to 300â¯g/kg in the DM was satisfactory to weight gain and did not negatively affect feed intake and weight gain of growing lambs. Maintaining zinc:copper ratio in sheep diets is not effective in preventing liver damage caused by increased dietary copper concentrations over a period of 70â¯days.
Assuntos
Cobre/intoxicação , Intoxicação por Metais Pesados/veterinária , Carneiro Doméstico/fisiologia , Vitis/química , Zinco/metabolismo , Ração Animal/análise , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Animais , Dieta/veterinária , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Feminino , Intoxicação por Metais Pesados/prevenção & controle , Zinco/administração & dosagemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the most appropriate hydrogel scaffold type (natural, synthetic or hybrid) to be applied with stem cells for dental pulp regeneration. The findings should help clinicians make an informed choice about the appropriate scaffold to be applied for this approach. DESIGN: Three electronic databases were searched (Medline, Web of Science and Scopus). The review was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA). RESULTS: From 4990 potentially relevant studies initially identified, 18 papers fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were considered for this review. Natural scaffolds were applied in most studies. Collagen was the most studied scaffold. In 5 of 10 studies, only growth factors were added to the constructs. Even without growth factors, these scaffolds containing stem cells were able to support the formation of dentin. The synthetic scaffolds were the least studied. Only 4 studies were selected, and in 3 of them, the same scaffold (Puramatrix) was evaluated. Puramatrix by itself was unable to form dental pulp when dental pulp stem cells were not present. Synthetic and hybrid hydrogels were unable to attract stem cells from the host. The presence of growth factors in these constructs seems to be of relevance since dental pulp tissue formation was achieved only when the hybrid scaffold was applied with growth factors. CONCLUSION: All types of hydrogel-based scaffolds, when containing mesenchymal stem cells, are able to form connective tissue with different degrees of similarity to dental pulp. However, current data is too heterogeneous to compare and identify the advantages of any specific scaffold.
Assuntos
Regeneração Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Polpa Dentária/efeitos dos fármacos , Hidrogéis/farmacologia , Alicerces Teciduais , Animais , Colágeno , Tecido Conjuntivo , Bases de Dados Factuais , Humanos , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Células-Tronco , Engenharia TecidualRESUMO
Neonatal asphyxia occurs due to reduction in oxygen supply to vital organs in the newborn. Rapid restoration of oxygen to the lungs after a long period of asphyxia can cause lung injury and decline of respiratory function, which result from the activity of molecules that induce vascular changes in the lung such as nitric oxide (NO) and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF). In this study, we evaluated the pulmonary and vascular morphometry of rats submitted to the model of neonatal asphyxia and mechanical ventilation, their expression of pulmonary VEGF, VEGF receptors (VEGFR-1/VEGFR-2), and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). Neonate Sprague-Dawley rats (CEUA #043/2011) were divided into four groups (n=8 each): control (C), control submitted to ventilation (CV), hypoxia (H), and hypoxia submitted to ventilation (HV). The fetuses were harvested at 21.5 days of gestation. The morphometric variables measured were body weight (BW), total lung weight (TLW), left lung weight (LLW), and TLW/BW ratio. Pulmonary vascular measurements, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, VEGF, and eNOS immunohistochemistry were performed. The morphometric analysis showed decreased TLW and TLW/BW ratio in HV compared to C and H (P<0.005). Immunohistochemistry showed increased VEGFR-2/VEGF and decreased VEGFR-1 expression in H (P<0.05) and lower eNOS expression in H and HV. Median wall thickness was increased in H, and the expression of VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, VEGF, and eNOS was altered, especially in neonates undergoing H and HV. These data suggested the occurrence of arteriolar wall changes mediated by NO and VEGF signaling in neonatal hypoxia.
Assuntos
Asfixia Neonatal/terapia , Pulmão/patologia , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo III/análise , Respiração Artificial/efeitos adversos , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/análise , Receptor 1 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/análise , Receptor 2 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/análise , Animais , Arteríolas/patologia , Asfixia Neonatal/patologia , Asfixia Neonatal/fisiopatologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Imuno-Histoquímica , Pulmão/irrigação sanguínea , Pulmão/fisiopatologia , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Valores de Referência , Respiração Artificial/métodosRESUMO
Recent evidence shows that chronic ethanol consumption increases endothelin (ET)-1 induced sustained contraction of trabecular smooth muscle cells of the corpora cavernosa in corpus cavernosum of rats by a mechanism that involves increased expression of ETA and ETB receptors. Our goal was to evaluate the effects of alcohol and diabetes and their relationship to miRNA-155, miRNA-199 and endothelin receptors in the corpus cavernosum and blood of rats submitted to the experimental model of diabetes mellitus and chronic alcoholism. Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control (C), alcoholic (A), diabetic (D), and alcoholic-diabetic (AD). Samples of the corpus cavernosum were prepared to study the protein expression of endothelin receptors by immunohistochemistry and expression of miRNAs-155 and -199 in serum and the cavernous tissue. Immunostaining for endothelin receptors was markedly higher in the A, D, and AD groups than in the C group. Moreover, a significant hypoexpression of the miRNA-199 in the corpus cavernosum tissue from the AD group was observed, compared to the C group. When analyzing the microRNA profile in blood, a significant hypoexpression of miRNA-155 in the AD group was observed compared to the C group. The miRNA-199 analysis demonstrated significant hypoexpression in D and AD groups compared to the C group. Our findings in corpus cavernosum showed downregulated miRNA-155 and miRNA-199 levels associated with upregulated protein expression and unaltered mRNA expression of ET receptors suggesting decreased ET receptor turnover, which can contribute to erectile dysfunction in diabetic rats exposed to high alcohol levels.
Assuntos
Alcoolismo/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Endotelina-1/análise , MicroRNAs/análise , Pênis/metabolismo , Receptor de Endotelina A/análise , Receptor de Endotelina B/análise , Alcoolismo/complicações , Alcoolismo/fisiopatologia , Animais , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/fisiopatologia , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Pênis/fisiopatologia , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Gastroschisis (GS) is an abdominal wall defect that results in histological and morphological changes leading to intestinal motility perturbation and impaired absorption of nutrients. Due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects, cannabidiol (CBD) has been used as a therapeutic agent in many diseases. Our aim was to test the effect of maternal CBD in the intestine of an experimental model of GS. Pregnant rats were treated over 3 days with CBD (30 mg/kg) after the surgical induction of GS (day 18.5 of gestation) and compared to controls. Fetuses were divided into 4 groups: 1) control (C); 2) C+CBD (CCBD); 3) gastroschisis (G), and 4) G+CBD (GCBD). On day 21.5 of gestation, the fetuses were harvested and evaluated for: a) body weight (BW), intestinal weight (IW), and IW/BW ratio; b) histometric analysis of the intestinal wall; c) immunohistochemically analysis of inflammation (iNOS) and nitrite/nitrate level. BW: GCBD was lower than CCBD (P<0.005), IW and IW/BW ratio: GCBD was smaller than G (P<0.005), GCBD presented lower thickness in all parameters compared to G (P<0.005), iNOS and nitrite/nitrate were lower concentration in GCBD than to G (P<0.005). Maternal use of CBD had a beneficial effect on the intestinal loops of GS with decreased nitrite/nitrate and iNOS expression.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Canabidiol/uso terapêutico , Enterite/prevenção & controle , Doenças Fetais/metabolismo , Gastrosquise/metabolismo , Intestinos/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Doenças Fetais/patologia , Gastrosquise/patologia , Imuno-Histoquímica , Nitratos/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/análise , Nitritos/metabolismo , Gravidez , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
Neonatal asphyxia occurs due to reduction in oxygen supply to vital organs in the newborn. Rapid restoration of oxygen to the lungs after a long period of asphyxia can cause lung injury and decline of respiratory function, which result from the activity of molecules that induce vascular changes in the lung such as nitric oxide (NO) and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF). In this study, we evaluated the pulmonary and vascular morphometry of rats submitted to the model of neonatal asphyxia and mechanical ventilation, their expression of pulmonary VEGF, VEGF receptors (VEGFR-1/VEGFR-2), and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). Neonate Sprague-Dawley rats (CEUA #043/2011) were divided into four groups (n=8 each): control (C), control submitted to ventilation (CV), hypoxia (H), and hypoxia submitted to ventilation (HV). The fetuses were harvested at 21.5 days of gestation. The morphometric variables measured were body weight (BW), total lung weight (TLW), left lung weight (LLW), and TLW/BW ratio. Pulmonary vascular measurements, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, VEGF, and eNOS immunohistochemistry were performed. The morphometric analysis showed decreased TLW and TLW/BW ratio in HV compared to C and H (P<0.005). Immunohistochemistry showed increased VEGFR-2/VEGF and decreased VEGFR-1 expression in H (P<0.05) and lower eNOS expression in H and HV. Median wall thickness was increased in H, and the expression of VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, VEGF, and eNOS was altered, especially in neonates undergoing H and HV. These data suggested the occurrence of arteriolar wall changes mediated by NO and VEGF signaling in neonatal hypoxia.
Assuntos
Animais , Asfixia Neonatal/terapia , Respiração Artificial/efeitos adversos , Receptor 1 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/análise , Receptor 2 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/análise , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/análise , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo III/análise , Pulmão/patologia , Arteríolas/patologia , Valores de Referência , Asfixia Neonatal/fisiopatologia , Asfixia Neonatal/patologia , Respiração Artificial/métodos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Pulmão/fisiopatologia , Pulmão/irrigação sanguíneaRESUMO
Multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor of the cerebrum is a recently reported benign, mixed glial neuronal lesion that is included in the 2016 updated World Health Organization classification of brain neoplasms as a unique cytoarchitectural pattern of gangliocytoma. We report 33 cases of presumed multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor of the cerebrum that exhibit a remarkably similar pattern of imaging findings consisting of a subcortical cluster of nodular lesions located on the inner surface of an otherwise normal-appearing cortex, principally within the deep cortical ribbon and superficial subcortical white matter, which is hyperintense on FLAIR. Only 4 of our cases are biopsy-proven because most were asymptomatic and incidentally discovered. The remaining were followed for a minimum of 24 months (mean, 3 years) without interval change. We demonstrate that these are benign, nonaggressive lesions that do not require biopsy in asymptomatic patients and behave more like a malformative process than a true neoplasm.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Ganglioneuroma/diagnóstico por imagem , Ganglioneuroma/patologia , Adulto , Cérebro , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neurônios/patologia , Substância Branca/diagnóstico por imagem , Substância Branca/patologiaRESUMO
Understanding non-additive effects in the expression of quantitative traits is very important in genotype selection, especially in species where the commercial products are clones or hybrids. The use of molecular markers has allowed the study of non-additive genetic effects on a genomic level, in addition to a better understanding of its importance in quantitative traits. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the behavior of the GBLUP model in different genetic models and relationship matrices and their influence on the estimates of genetic parameters. We used real data of the circumference at breast height in Eucalyptus spp and simulated data from a population of F2. Three commonly reported kinship structures in the literature were adopted. The simulation results showed that the inclusion of epistatic kinship improved prediction estimates of genomic breeding values. However, the non-additive effects were not accurately recovered. The Fisher information matrix for real dataset showed high collinearity in estimates of additive, dominant, and epistatic variance, causing no gain in the prediction of the unobserved data and convergence problems. Estimates presented differences of genetic parameters and correlations considering the different kinship structures. Our results show that the inclusion of non-additive effects can improve the predictive ability or even the prediction of additive effects. However, the high distortions observed in the variance estimates when the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium assumption is violated due to the presence of selection or inbreeding can converge at zero gains in models that consider epistasis in genomic kinship.
Assuntos
Eucalyptus/genética , Modelos Genéticos , Característica Quantitativa Herdável , Epistasia Genética , Eucalyptus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , GenótipoRESUMO
In southeastern Brazil, the majority of the riparian ecosystems are fragmented and degraded mainly due to human activities. The perennial gymnosperm Podocarpus sellowii Klotzch is a typical tree species from a gallery forest in the rupestrian area. Ten alloenzymatic loci were used to estimate the allelic frequency of 232 individuals distributed in eight subpopulations naturally divided by rock outcrops. The results indicated high genetic variability for the species in all subpopulations, with HO varying from 0.593 to 0.658, and HE, from 0.484 to 0.502. No endogamy was observed within (f = -0.292) and for the population set (f = -0.264). Genetic divergence of the species between subpopulations was 2.1%. Historic gene flow was low between subpopulations located in different water streams, corroborating the positive and significant correlation between genetic and geographical distance (rm = 0.496, P = 0.022). Co-ancestry revealed that only population A presents continuous distribution of the genotypes up to 94 m. Sp statistics did not indicate significant spatial genetic structure in the populations. In all the subpopulations, values of effective sizes were higher than the numbers of sampled individuals. The balance between mutation and drift was not verified, indicating the occurrence of a recent population bottleneck. These data can be used to determine the most effective strategies for the genetic conservation of this species.
Assuntos
Cycadopsida/genética , Isoenzimas/genética , Brasil , Cycadopsida/enzimologia , Ecossistema , Florestas , Fluxo Gênico , Frequência do Gene , Deriva Genética , Variação Genética , Genótipo , Geografia , Repetições de Microssatélites , Árvores/genéticaRESUMO
Neonatal asphyxia can cause irreversible injury of multiple organs resulting in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). This injury is dependent on time, severity, and gestational age, once the preterm babies need ventilator support. Our aim was to assess the different brain and intestinal effects of ischemia and reperfusion in neonate rats after birth anoxia and mechanical ventilation. Preterm and term neonates were divided into 8 subgroups (n=12/group): 1) preterm control (PTC), 2) preterm ventilated (PTV), 3) preterm asphyxiated (PTA), 4) preterm asphyxiated and ventilated (PTAV), 5) term control (TC), 6) term ventilated (TV), 7) term asphyxiated (TA), and 8) term asphyxiated and ventilated (TAV). We measured body, brain, and intestine weights and respective ratios [(BW), (BrW), (IW), (BrW/BW) and (IW/BW)]. Histology analysis and damage grading were performed in the brain (cortex/hippocampus) and intestine (jejunum/ileum) tissues, as well as immunohistochemistry analysis for caspase-3 and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP). IW was lower in the TA than in the other terms (P<0.05), and the IW/BW ratio was lower in the TA than in the TAV (P<0.005). PTA, PTAV and TA presented high levels of brain damage. In histological intestinal analysis, PTAV and TAV had higher scores than the other groups. Caspase-3 was higher in PTAV (cortex) and TA (cortex/hippocampus) (P<0.005). I-FABP was higher in PTAV (P<0.005) and TA (ileum) (P<0.05). I-FABP expression was increased in PTAV subgroup (P<0.0001). Brain and intestinal responses in neonatal rats caused by neonatal asphyxia, with or without mechanical ventilation, varied with gestational age, with increased expression of caspase-3 and I-FABP biomarkers.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/irrigação sanguínea , Caspase 3/análise , Proteínas de Ligação a Ácido Graxo/análise , Hipóxia-Isquemia Encefálica/complicações , Hipóxia-Isquemia Encefálica/patologia , Intestino Delgado/irrigação sanguínea , Animais , Asfixia Neonatal/complicações , Asfixia Neonatal/patologia , Biomarcadores/análise , Western Blotting , Encéfalo/patologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Enterocolite Necrosante/etiologia , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Imuno-Histoquímica , Intestino Delgado/patologia , Masculino , Malondialdeído/análise , Nascimento Prematuro , Ratos Wistar , Valores de Referência , Respiração ArtificialRESUMO
The aim of this study was to use multivariate methods and Pearson and partial correlations to disregard phenotypic characteristics that contribute little to differentiation between Brachiaria ruziziensis genotypes. Eighty-one genotypes of B. ruziziensis were assessed in completely randomized blocks with three replications. Ten phenotypic characteristics were assessed: plant height, leaf length, leaf width, sheath length, length of the flower stem, length of the inflorescence axis, number of racemes per inflorescence, length of the basal raceme, number of spikelets per basal raceme, and width of the rachis. The best traits for differentiation between genotypes were determined by assessing relative contribution to diversity, canonical variables, as well as Pearson and partial correlations. Four canonical variables were found to account for 57% of the overall variation, while plant height, sheath length, and number of racemes per inflorescence were considered traits that could potentially be disregarded in future assessments.
Assuntos
Brachiaria/genética , Variação Genética , Genótipo , Fenótipo , Brachiaria/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Melhoramento Vegetal , Característica Quantitativa HerdávelRESUMO
Objetivou-se com este estudo estimar parâmetros genéticos para produções parciais e acumuladas de ovos em uma linha fêmea de frangos de corte comercial. Foram considerados 10 períodos mensais entre 25 e 64 semanas, três períodos parciais de 25 a 32, 33 a 48 e 49 a 64 semanas, e três períodos acumulados de 25 até 30, 40 e 50 semanas de idade. Os componentes de covariância e parâmetros genéticos foram obtidos pelo método da máxima verossimilhança restrita, sob o modelo animal considerando o efeito fixo de incubação e os efeitos aleatórios genético aditivo e residual. As estimativas de herdabilidade variaram de 0,12 a 0,41. Evidenciou-se que os períodos anteriores e posteriores ao maior nível de produção apresentam maior variabilidade genética. As correlações genéticas entre os períodos de produção de ovos estudados variaram de -0,12 a 0,98. De modo geral, o padrão de variação foi semelhante entre as estratégias avaliadas, e todas foram geneticamente associadas com a produção total. Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que a melhoria da produção total é viável por meio de seleção de registros parciais. No entanto, caso se considere a eficiência relativa de seleção, o segundo mês e os períodos a partir da quadragésima semana de produção seriam os mais indicados.
The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for partial and cumulative egg production in a commercial broiler female line. Ten monthly periods between 25 and 64 weeks, three partial periods of 25 to 32, 33 to 48 and 49 to 64 cumulative weeks and three periods of 25 to 30, 40 and 50 weeks of age and total egg production were considered. The restricted maximum likelihood method under the animal model was used to estimate the covariance components and genetic parameters. The fixed effect of incubation and the additive genetic and residual random effects were considered. The estimated heritability ranged from 0.12 to 0.41. These estimates showed that the anterior and posterior periods of the higher production have greater genetic variability. The genetic correlations between periods of the egg production studied ranged from -0.12 to 0.98. In general, the pattern of variation was similar between the strategies evaluated and all were genetically associated with the total egg production. The results of this study showed that the improvement of the total egg production is feasible by selection of partial records. However, considering the relative efficiency of selection, the second month and the periods from the fortieth week of production would be the most suitable.
Assuntos
Animais , Aves Domésticas/anatomia & histologia , Aves Domésticas/genética , Ovos , Carga Genética , Galinhas/genética , Anotação de Sequência Molecular/tendências , Linhagem , FenótipoRESUMO
Objetivou-se com este estudo estimar parâmetros genéticos para produções parciais e acumuladas de ovos em uma linha fêmea de frangos de corte comercial. Foram considerados 10 períodos mensais entre 25 e 64 semanas, três períodos parciais de 25 a 32, 33 a 48 e 49 a 64 semanas, e três períodos acumulados de 25 até 30, 40 e 50 semanas de idade. Os componentes de covariância e parâmetros genéticos foram obtidos pelo método da máxima verossimilhança restrita, sob o modelo animal considerando o efeito fixo de incubação e os efeitos aleatórios genético aditivo e residual. As estimativas de herdabilidade variaram de 0,12 a 0,41. Evidenciou-se que os períodos anteriores e posteriores ao maior nível de produção apresentam maior variabilidade genética. As correlações genéticas entre os períodos de produção de ovos estudados variaram de -0,12 a 0,98. De modo geral, o padrão de variação foi semelhante entre as estratégias avaliadas, e todas foram geneticamente associadas com a produção total. Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que a melhoria da produção total é viável por meio de seleção de registros parciais. No entanto, caso se considere a eficiência relativa de seleção, o segundo mês e os períodos a partir da quadragésima semana de produção seriam os mais indicados.(AU)
The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for partial and cumulative egg production in a commercial broiler female line. Ten monthly periods between 25 and 64 weeks, three partial periods of 25 to 32, 33 to 48 and 49 to 64 cumulative weeks and three periods of 25 to 30, 40 and 50 weeks of age and total egg production were considered. The restricted maximum likelihood method under the animal model was used to estimate the covariance components and genetic parameters. The fixed effect of incubation and the additive genetic and residual random effects were considered. The estimated heritability ranged from 0.12 to 0.41. These estimates showed that the anterior and posterior periods of the higher production have greater genetic variability. The genetic correlations between periods of the egg production studied ranged from -0.12 to 0.98. In general, the pattern of variation was similar between the strategies evaluated and all were genetically associated with the total egg production. The results of this study showed that the improvement of the total egg production is feasible by selection of partial records. However, considering the relative efficiency of selection, the second month and the periods from the fortieth week of production would be the most suitable.(AU)