RESUMO

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the effects of concurrent isolated training (T) or training combined with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on cardiac remodeling and oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). METHODS: Six-month-old male SHR were divided into sedentary (S, n = 12), concurrent training (T, n = 13), sedentary supplemented with NAC (SNAC, n = 13), and concurrent training with NAC supplementation (TNAC, n = 14) groups. T and TNAC rats were trained three times a week on a treadmill and ladder; NAC supplemented groups received 120 mg/kg/day NAC in rat chow for eight weeks. Myocardial antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid hydroperoxide concentration were assessed by spectrophotometry. Gene expression of NADPH oxidase subunits Nox2, Nox4, p22 phox, and p47 phox was evaluated by real time RT-PCR. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Bonferroni or Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn. RESULTS: Echocardiogram showed concentric remodeling in TNAC, characterized by increased relative wall thickness (S 0.40 ± 0.04; T 0.39 ± 0.03; SNAC 0.40 ± 0.04; TNAC 0.43 ± 0.04 *; * p < 0.05 vs T and SNAC) and diastolic posterior wall thickness (S 1.50 ± 0.12; T 1.52 ± 0.10; SNAC 1.56 ± 0.12; TNAC 1.62 ± 0.14 * mm; * p < 0.05 vs T), with improved contractile function (posterior wall shortening velocity: S 39.4 ± 5.01; T 36.4 ± 2.96; SNAC 39.7 ± 3.44; TNAC 41.6 ± 3.57 * mm/s; * p < 0.05 vs T). Myocardial lipid hydroperoxide concentration was lower in NAC treated groups (S 210 ± 48; T 182 ± 43; SNAC 159 ± 33 *; TNAC 110 ± 23 *# nmol/g tissue; * p < 0.05 vs S, # p < 0.05 vs T and SNAC). Nox 2 and p22 phox expression was higher and p47 phox lower in T than S [S 1.37 (0.66-1.66); T 0.78 (0.61-1.04) *; SNAC 1.07 (1.01-1.38); TNAC 1.06 (1.01-1.15) arbitrary units; * p < 0.05 vs S]. NADPH oxidase subunits did not differ between TNAC, SNAC, and S groups. CONCLUSION: N-acetylcysteine supplementation alone reduces oxidative stress in untreated spontaneously hypertensive rats. The combination of N-acetylcysteine and concurrent exercise further decreases oxidative stress. However, the lower oxidative stress does not translate into improved cardiac remodeling and function in untreated spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Assuntos

Acetilcisteína , Hipertensão , NADPH Oxidases , Estresse Oxidativo , Ratos Endogâmicos SHR , Remodelação Ventricular , Animais , Masculino , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Acetilcisteína/farmacologia , Remodelação Ventricular/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertensão/metabolismo , NADPH Oxidases/metabolismo , NADPH Oxidases/genética , Ratos , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Modelos Animais de Doenças , NADPH Oxidase 2/metabolismo , NADPH Oxidase 2/genética , NADPH Oxidase 4/metabolismo , NADPH Oxidase 4/genética , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/genética , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Miocárdio/patologia , Peróxidos Lipídicos/metabolismo , Função Ventricular Esquerda/efeitos dos fármacos , Suplementos Nutricionais , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/fisiopatologia , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/prevenção & controle , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/metabolismo

RESUMO

Clinical appointment generates stress in feline patients, influencing the frequency of veterinary care with the species. The purpose of this study was to assess serum cortisol in cats submitted to oral gabapentin and integrative practices during clinical care. Twenty cats were evaluated in three clinical appointments, one week apart. All cats were submitted to treatments: placebo (PL), gabapentin (GA), and integrative practices (IP) (music therapy, pheromone therapy, and chromotherapy). GA and PL were administered by the owners 90 min before transportation to the veterinary teaching hospital, and IP were applied 30 min before clinical care. Cats were physically examined at all timepoints, and blood samples were collected for cortisol measurement. Serum cortisol levels ranged from 0.49 µg/dL to 17.99 µg/dL. Mean cortisol concentrations when cats received PL (7.6 µg/dL) were higher than when cats received GA (4.9 µg/dL) and IP (4.1 µg/dL). There was a statistical difference in cortisol levels when cats receiving PL and GA were compared (p = 0.03) and between PL and IP (p = 0.005). The study showed that feline serum cortisol levels were lower when cats received the treatments to IP (integrative practices) and GA (gabapentin), demonstrating that these are applicable methods for reducing stress of feline patients in clinical evaluation.

Assuntos

Gabapentina , Hidrocortisona , Animais , Gatos , Gabapentina/farmacologia , Gabapentina/administração & dosagem , Gabapentina/uso terapêutico , Hidrocortisona/sangue , Masculino , Feminino , Estresse Fisiológico/efeitos dos fármacos

RESUMO

The chronological age estimation of living individuals is a crucial part of forensic practice and clinical practice, such as in orthodontic treatment. It is well-known that methods for age estimation in living children should be tested on different populations. Ethnic affiliations in Brazil are divided into several major groups depending on the region, with the south of Brazil being known for its German immigration. (1) Background: This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between chronological age and dental age using Demirjian's method and Cameriere's method in a group of children from Joinville, South Brazil to investigate if both methods can be used to estimate dental age in this population. (2) Methods: The sample consisted of 229 panoramic radiographs (119 were males and were 110 females) from Brazilian children (ages ranging from 6 to 12 years). The chronological age at the time of the panoramic radiographic exam was calculated for each child. The dental age was estimated according to Demirjian's method and Cameriere's method. All continuous data were tested for normality by using the Shapiro-Wilk test. The Pearson correlation coefficient test was applied. An alpha of 5% (p < 0.05) was used for all analyses. (3) Results: The mean chronological age was 8.75 years. According to Demirjian's method, the mean dental age was 9.3 years, while according to Cameriere's method, the mean dental age was 8.66 years. A strong correlation between chronological age and dental age according to Demirjian (r = 0.776 and p < 0.0001) and Cameriere (r = 0.735 and p < 0.0001) was observed for both genders. (4) Conclusions: Both methods presented a good correlation with chronological age in the studied population and could be used to assess dental age in this population.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease increases uremic toxins concentrations, which have been associated with intestinal dysbiosis. Sorghum bicolor L. Moench has dietary fiber and bioactive compounds, while Bifidobacterium longum can promote beneficial health effects. METHODS: It is a controlled, randomized, and single-blind clinical trial. Thirty-nine subjects were randomly separated into two groups: symbiotic group (SG), which received 100 mL of unfermented probiotic milk with Bifidobacterium longum strain and 40 g of extruded sorghum flakes; and the control group (CG), which received 100 mL of pasteurized milk and 40 g of extruded corn flakes for seven weeks. RESULTS: The uremic toxins decreased, and gastrointestinal symptoms improved intragroup in the SG group. The acetic, propionic, and butyric acid production increased intragroup in the SG group. Regarding α-diversity, the Chao1 index was enhanced in the SG intragroup. The KEGG analysis revealed that symbiotic meal increased the intragroup energy and amino sugar metabolism, in addition to enabling essential amino acid production and metabolism, sucrose degradation, and the biosynthesis of ribonucleotide metabolic pathways. CONCLUSIONS: The consumption of symbiotic meal reduced BMI, improved short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) synthesis and gastrointestinal symptoms, increased diversity according to the Chao1 index, and reduced uremic toxins in chronic kidney disease patients.

Assuntos

Bifidobacterium longum , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Probióticos , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Sorghum , Humanos , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/terapia , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Feminino , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Método Simples-Cego , Ácidos Graxos Voláteis/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos Voláteis/análise , Biomarcadores/sangue , Idoso , Disbiose , Adulto , Intestinos/microbiologia

RESUMO

Doxorubicin is an effective drug for cancer treatment; however, cardiotoxicity limits its use. Cardiotoxicity pathophysiology is multifactorial. GLP-1 analogues have been shown to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. In this study, we evaluated the effect of pretreatment with liraglutide on doxorubicin-induced acute cardiotoxicity. A total of 60 male Wistar rats were allocated into four groups: Control (C), Doxorubicin (D), Liraglutide (L), and Doxorubicin + Liraglutide (DL). L and DL received subcutaneous injection of liraglutide 0.6 mg/kg daily, while C and D received saline for 2 weeks. Afterwards, D and DL received a single intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin 20 mg/kg; C and L received an injection of saline. Forty-eight hours after doxorubicin administration, the rats were subjected to echocardiogram, isolated heart functional study, and euthanasia. Liraglutide-treated rats ingested significantly less food and gained less body weight than animals that did not receive the drug. Rats lost weight after doxorubicin injection. At echocardiogram and isolated heart study, doxorubicin-treated rats had systolic and diastolic function impairment. Myocardial catalase activity was statistically higher in doxorubicin-treated rats. Myocardial protein expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB (p-NFκB), troponin T, and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) was significantly lower, and the total NFκB/p-NFκB ratio and TLR-4 higher in doxorubicin-treated rats. Myocardial expression of OPA-1, MFN-2, DRP-1, and topoisomerase 2ß did not differ between groups (p > 0.05). In conclusion, doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is accompanied by decreased Bcl-2 and phosphorylated NFκB and increased catalase activity and TLR-4 expression. Liraglutide failed to improve acute doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats.

Assuntos

Cardiotoxicidade , Doxorrubicina , Liraglutida , Ratos Wistar , Animais , Liraglutida/farmacologia , Liraglutida/uso terapêutico , Doxorrubicina/efeitos adversos , Cardiotoxicidade/etiologia , Cardiotoxicidade/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Miocárdio/patologia , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Coração/efeitos dos fármacos

RESUMO

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fatigue survival of 5Y-PSZ zirconia infiltrated with an experimental glass and bonded onto dentin analogues. Disc-shaped specimens of a 5Y-PSZ (Katana UTML Kuraray Noritake) were cemented onto dentin analogs (NEMA G10) and divided into four groups (n = 15): Zctrl Group (control, without infiltration); Zglz Group (Glaze, compression surface); Zinf-comp Group (Experimental Glass, compression surface); Zinf-tens Group (Experimental Glass, tension surface). Surface treatments were varied. Cyclic fatigue loading, oblique transillumination, stereomicroscope examination, and scanning electron microscopy were performed. Fatigue data were analyzed (failure load and number of cycles) using survival analysis (Kaplan-Meier and Log-Rank Mantel-Cox). There was no statistically significant difference in fatigue survival between the Zglz, Zctrl, and Zinf-comp groups. The Zinf-tens group presented a significantly higher failure load when compared to the other groups and exhibited a different failure mode. The experimental glass effectively infiltrated the zirconia, enhancing structural reliability, altering the failure mode, and improving load-bearing capacity over more cycles, particularly in the group where the glass was infiltrated into the tensile surface of the zirconia. Glass infiltration into 5Y-PSZ zirconia significantly enhanced structural reliability and the ability to withstand loads over an increased number of cycles. This approach has the potential to increase the durability of zirconia restorations, reducing the need for replacements and save time and resources, promoting efficiency in clinical practice.

Assuntos

Dentina , Vidro , Teste de Materiais , Zircônio , Zircônio/química , Vidro/química , Dentina/química , Humanos , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Propriedades de Superfície

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the polymorphisms, rs2910164 miR-146a and rs11614913 miR-196a2, by investigating their association with endometriosis. METHODS: This is a case-control study performed with approximately 120 women. The polymorphisms were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. For the statistical analysis, the chi-square and logistic regression tests were used. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of rs2910164 and rs11614913 between cases and controls. The frequencies in both polymorphisms are in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium regarding miR-146a (patients: χ2=1.64, p=0.20; controls: χ2=0.25, p=0.62) and miR-196a2 (patients: χ2=0.58, p=0.44; controls: χ2=2.78, p=0.10). No relationship was observed between rs2910164 and rs11614913 and endometriosis in the inheritance models analyzed. CONCLUSION: In this study, our results show that the studied polymorphisms are not implicated in the development of endometriosis.

Assuntos

Endometriose , Frequência do Gene , Predisposição Genética para Doença , MicroRNAs , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Humanos , Endometriose/genética , Feminino , MicroRNAs/genética , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Adulto , Brasil , Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Frequência do Gene/genética , Genótipo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Increased intestinal permeability and dysbiosis are related to obesity. Nuts can provide nutrients and bioactive compounds that modulate gut microbiota and inflammation, enhancing the beneficial effects of weight loss. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of consuming cashew nuts (Anacardium occidentale L.) and Brazil nuts (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K) on intestinal permeability and microbiota, fecal SCFAs and pH, inflammation, and weight loss in energy restriction condition. METHODS: In this 8-week randomized controlled trial, 40 women with overweight or obesity were assigned to energy-restricted groups (-500 kcal/d): control group (free of nuts) or Brazilian nuts group (BN: 30 g of cashew nuts and 15 g of Brazil nuts per day). Permeability was analyzed by the lactulose/mannitol test and the microbiota by sequencing the 16S gene in the V3-V4 regions. Plasma concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL-6, IL-10, IL-8, IL-17A) and C-reactive protein were analyzed. RESULTS: In total, 25 women completed the intervention. Both groups lost weight without statistical differences. Lactulose excretion increased only in the control group (P < 0.05). The BN consumption increased fecal propionic acid and potentially beneficial bacteria, such as Ruminococcus, Roseburia, strains NK4A214 and UCG-002 from the Ruminococcaceae family, but also Lachnospiraceae family, Bacteroides, and Lachnoclostridium, when compared to the control group. Changes in intestinal permeability were correlated to a greater reduction in body fat (kg), and IL-8, and increases in Ruminococcus abundance. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate a positive impact of BN consumption within an energy-restricted context, linked to the augmentation of potentially beneficial bacteria and pathways associated with body fat reduction. Besides, BN consumption mitigated increased intestinal permeability, although its capacity to diminish permeability or enhance weight loss proved limited. This trial was registered at the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials as ReBEC (ID: RBR-3ntxrm).

Assuntos

Anacardium , Bertholletia , Humanos , Feminino , Nozes/química , Anacardium/química , Sobrepeso , Brasil , Interleucina-8/análise , Lactulose , Obesidade , Inflamação , Redução de Peso

RESUMO

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the polymorphisms, rs2910164 miR-146a and rs11614913 miR-196a2, by investigating their association with endometriosis. METHODS: This is a case-control study performed with approximately 120 women. The polymorphisms were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. For the statistical analysis, the chi-square and logistic regression tests were used. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of rs2910164 and rs11614913 between cases and controls. The frequencies in both polymorphisms are in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium regarding miR-146a (patients: χ2=1.64, p=0.20; controls: χ2=0.25, p=0.62) and miR-196a2 (patients: χ2=0.58, p=0.44; controls: χ2=2.78, p=0.10). No relationship was observed between rs2910164 and rs11614913 and endometriosis in the inheritance models analyzed. CONCLUSION: In this study, our results show that the studied polymorphisms are not implicated in the development of endometriosis.

RESUMO

Abstract Platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome (POS) is a rare condition of positional hypoxemia and dyspnea. The following is a case of hypoxemia for no obvious reason in the perioperative scenario. A 70-year-old male patient was submitted to a radical prostatectomy. On several occasions after anesthetic induction, peripheral oxygen saturation decreased without any understandable cause. In the postanesthesia care unit, severe hypoxemia occurred in the upright position, oddly correcting with recumbency. An echocardiography showed a right-to-left intracardiac shunt through a patent foramen ovale with no pulmonary hypertension, establishing POS. Achieving this diagnosis required a broad workup with a high degree of suspicion.

RESUMO

Objetivo: analisar as repercussões da COVID-19 na vida das pessoas afetadas pela hanseníase e promover intervenções de enfrentamento aos problemas vivenciados pelos usuários. Método: estudo qualitativo do tipo pesquisa participante, realizado de dezembro de 2021 a junho de 2022 na região metropolitana de Recife em oito serviços de saúde de referência para hanseníase. Realizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas, telemonitoramento e intervenções nos grupos de autocuidado com usuários acometidos pela hanseníase, e oficinas com profissionais e gestores. Resultados: observaram-se repercussões financeiras, no acesso aos serviços de saúde e na socialização dos usuários. As intervenções realizadas com usuários promoveram melhores práticas de conhecimento sobre a patologia, empoderamento e autocuidado. As oficinas com gestores e profissionais propiciaram a retomada e implementação de novos grupos de autocuidado, atividades comprometida na pandemia. Conclusão: a COVID-19 trouxe repercussões na situação financeira, socialização e acesso a serviços de saúde, com piora da situação de vulnerabilidade social e isolamento, já presentes no contexto da hanseníase(AU)

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Objective: to analyze the repercussions of COVID-19 on the lives of people affected by leprosy and to promote interventions to cope with the problems experienced by users. Method: qualitative study of the participant research type, carried out from December 2021 to June 2022 in the metropolitan region of Recife in eight reference health services for leprosy. Semi-structured interviews, telemonitoring and interventions were carried out in self-care groups with users affected by leprosy, and workshops with professionals and managers. Results: there were financial repercussions, on access to health services and on the socialization of users. Interventions carried out with users promoted better knowledge practices about the pathology, empowerment and self-care. The workshops with managers and professionals facilitated the resumption and implementation of new self-care groups, activities compromised in the pandemic period. Conclusion: COVID-19 had repercussions on the financial situation, socialization and access to health services, with a worsening of the situation of social vulnerability and isolation, already present in the context of leprosy(AU)

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Objetivo: analizar las repercusiones del COVID-19 en la vida de las personas afectadas por la lepra y promover intervenciones para el enfrentamiento de los problemas vividos por los usuarios. Método: estudio cualitativo de tipo investigación participante, realizado de diciembre de 2021 a junio de 2022 en la región metropolitana de Recife en ocho servicios sanitarios de referencia para la lepra. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, telemonitoreo e intervenciones en grupos de autocuidado junto a usuarios afectados por lepra y talleres con profesionales y gestores. Resultados: hubo repercusiones financieras en el acceso a los servicios de salud y en la socialización de los usuarios. Las intervenciones realizadas con los usuarios promovieron mejores prácticas de conocimiento sobre la patología, empoderamiento y autocuidado. Los talleres con directivos y profesionales facilitaron la reanudación e implementación de nuevos grupos de autocuidado, actividades comprometidas en la pandemia. Conclusión: el COVID-19 tuvo repercusiones en la situación económica, socialización y acceso a los servicios de salud, con empeoramiento de la situación de vulnerabilidad social y aislamiento, ya presente en el contexto de la lepra(AU)

Assuntos

Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto Jovem , Atenção à Saúde , Pandemias , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Promoção da Saúde , Hanseníase , Brasil , Capacidades de Enfrentamento

RESUMO

A diet rich in sugar and fat can promote metabolic disorders development, especially in the intestine. Chia flour (Salvia hispanica. L) is a source of dietary fiber, alpha-linolenic fatty acid (ALA), bioactive peptides, and phenolics, promoting health benefits. This study aimed to analyze chia flour's effect on gut microbiota modulation and intestinal health in adult male Wistar rats fed a high-fat and high-fructose (HFHF) diet. Male Wistar rats (n = 10/group) were fed the diets standard (AIN-93M) or HFHF (31% saturated fat and 20% fructose) in the first phase to induce metabolic disorders. In the second phase, the rats were fed AIN-93M, HFHF, or HFHF plus 14.7% chia flour (HFHF + CF) for 10 weeks. The consumption of chia flour increased the ALA (3.24 ± 0.24) intake and significantly improved immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels (1126.00 ± 145.90), goblet cells number (24.57 ± 2.76), crypt thickness (34.37 ± 5.86), crypt depth (215.30 ± 23.19), the longitudinal muscle layer (48.11 ± 5.04), cecum weight (4.39 ± 0.71), Shannon index (p < 0.05), and significantly increased the production of acetic (20.56 ± 4.10) and butyric acids (5.96 ± 1.50), Monoglobus sp., Lachnospiraceae sp., and Prevotellaceae sp. abundance. Furthermore, chia significantly reduced the cecal pH content (7.54 ± 1.17), body mass index (0.62 ± 0.03) and weight (411.00 ± 28.58), and Simpson index (p < 0.05). Therefore, chia intake improved intestinal health parameters and functionality in rats with metabolic disorders, which demonstrates to be an effective strategy for gut microbiota modulation.

Assuntos

Farinha , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Masculino , Ratos , Animais , Ratos Wistar , Frutose , Salvia hispanica , Dieta

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Introduction: Rituximab (RTX) is a therapeutic option in pediatric difficult-to-treat idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (NS). We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of RTX use in these patients. Method: A retrospective study of all patients with idiopathic NS treated with RTX was conducted in a pediatric nephrology division of a tertiary hospital. Demographic, anthropometric, clinical and analytical data were collected prior to treatment and at 6, 12, and 24 months. Results: Sixteen patients were included (11 males), with a median (25th-75th percentile, P25-P75) age at diagnosis of 2 (2.0-2.8) years. Fifteen were steroid-sensitive and 1 was steroid-resistant and sensitive to cyclosporine. The median age at administration of RTX was 10 (6.3-14.0) years. Throughout a median follow-up time of 2.5 (1.0-3.0) years, 6 (37.5%) patients achieved partial remission and 7 (43.8%) had no relapses and were not taking any immunosuppressants at the 24-month follow-up visit. Regarding complications, 1 patient presented persistent hypogammaglobulinemia. Compared with the 12-month period before RTX, there was a decrease in the median number of relapses at 6 and 12 months [3 (3.0-4.0) vs 0 (0-0.8) and 0.50 (0-1.0), respectively; p = 0.001] and in the daily steroids dose (mg/kg/day) at 6, 12, and 24 months [0.29 (0.15-0.67)vs [0.10 (0.07-0.13); p = 0.001], [0.12 (0.05-0.22); p = 0.005] and [0.07(0.04-0.18); p = 0.021]], respectively. There was also a reduction in the median BMI z score at 24 months [2.11 (0.45-3.70) vs. 2.93 (2.01-3.98); p = 0.049]. Conclusion: Our results confirm the efficacy and safety of RTX use in pediatric idiopathic NS and highlight its' potential cardiometabolic benefits.

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Resumo Introdução: Rituximabe (RTX) é uma opção terapêutica na síndrome nefrótica (SN) idiopática pediátrica de difícil tratamento. Visamos avaliar eficácia e segurança do uso de RTX nestes pacientes. Método: Realizou-se estudo retrospectivo de todos os pacientes com SN idiopática tratados com RTX, em uma unidade de nefrologia pediátrica de um hospital terciário. Dados demográficos, antropométricos, clínicos e analíticos foram coletados antes do tratamento e aos 6, 12 e 24 meses. Resultados: Incluímos 16 pacientes (11 do sexo masculino), com idade mediana (percentil 25-75, P25-P75) de 2 (2,0-2,8) anos ao diagnóstico. Quinze eram sensíveis a esteroides, e 1 resistente a esteroides e sensível à ciclosporina.A idade mediana na administração do RTX foi 10 (6,3-14,0) anos. Durante um tempo mediano de acompanhamento de 2,5(1,0-3,0) anos, 6 (37,5%) pacientes alcançaram remissão parcial e 7 (43,8%) não tiveram recidivas e não estavam tomando imunossupressor no acompanhamento aos 24 meses. Quanto às complicações,1 paciente apresentou hipogamaglobulinemia persistente. Comparado ao período de12 meses anterior ao RTX, houve diminuição no número mediano de recidivas em 6 e 12 meses [3 (3,0-4,0) vs 0 (0-0,8) e 0,50 (0-1,0), respectivamente; p = 0,001] e na dose diária de esteroides (mg/kg/dia) aos 6, 12 e 24 meses [0,29 (0,15-0,67) >vs [0,10 (0,07-0,13); p = 0,001], [0,12 (0,05-0,22); p = 0,005] e [0,07 (0,04-0,18); p = 0,021], respectivamente. Houve também redução na mediana do escore z do IMC aos 24 meses [2,11 (0,45-3,70) vs 2,93 (2,01-3,98);p = 0,049]. Conclusões: Nossos resultados confirmam a eficácia e segurança do uso de RTX em SN idiopática pediátrica, destacando seus potenciais benefícios cardiometabólicos.

RESUMO

Successful SARS-CoV-2 inactivation allows its safe use in Biosafety Level 2 facilities, and the use of the whole viral particle helps in the development of analytical methods and a more reliable immune response, contributing to the development and improvement of in vitro and in vivo assays. In order to obtain a functional product, we evaluated several inactivation protocols and observed that 0.03% beta-propiolactone for 24 h was the best condition tested, as it promoted SARS-CoV-2 inactivation above 99.99% and no cytopathic effect was visualized after five serial passages. Moreover, RT-qPCR and transmission electron microscopy revealed that RNA quantification and viral structure integrity were preserved. The antigenicity of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 was confirmed by ELISA using different Spike-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. K18-hACE2 mice immunized with inactivated SARS-CoV-2, formulated in AddaS03TM, presented high neutralizing antibody titers, no significant weight loss, and longer survival than controls from a lethal challenge, despite RNA detection in the oropharyngeal swab, lung, and brain. This work emphasizes the importance of using different techniques to confirm viral inactivation and avoid potentially disastrous contamination. We believe that an efficiently inactivated product can be used in several applications, including the development and improvement of molecular diagnostic kits, as an antigen for antibody production as well as a control for non-clinical trials.

Assuntos

COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Camundongos , Animais , Formação de Anticorpos , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Anticorpos Antivirais , Imunização , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Anticorpos Neutralizantes

RESUMO

Chia is a functional food because of its positive impact on reducing the risk of metabolic diseases. These benefits are due to its nutritional composition as a source of dietary fiber and bioactive compounds. In our previous study, chia consumption increased the richness of the microbiota and the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) when consumed by male Wistar rats, so, the objective of this study was to assess the effects of the consumption of chia with a high fat diet on gut health in female Wistar rats. 32 adult female Wistar rats were allocated into four groups and received one of the following diets: standard diet (SD), standard diet + chia (SDC), high fat diet (HFD) or high fat diet + chia (HFDC) for 8 weeks. At the end of the study, the intestinal microbiota, SCFA content, cecum content pH, immunoglobulin A (IgA) quantification and brush border membrane functionality were evaluated. There was no difference in the relative abundance of the gut microbiota, but chia consumption increased the microbial richness and diversity, increased the production of acetic and butyric acids in the SDC group and propionic acid in the HFD group, and decreased the pH of cecal content. The HFDC group demonstrated a lower IgA concentration compared to the HFD group. The SDC group increased SI and AP gene expression and decreased SGLT1 and PepT1 compared to the SD group. The consumption of chia can be beneficial for the functionality of the microbiota, improving SCFAs and intestinal pH, and the effects of chia in the microbiota can be more pronounced in HFD.

Assuntos

Dieta Hiperlipídica , Propionatos , Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Ratos , Ácidos Graxos Voláteis/metabolismo , Farinha , Fígado/metabolismo , Propionatos/metabolismo , Ratos Wistar

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the epidemiology, identify trends in prevalence, seasonality, and risk factors for orofacial clefts (OFC), selecting the São Paulo state (SPS) population database. DESIGN: A population-based study to estimate the OFC prevalence trends in recent years, stratified by maternal age and SPS geographical clusters. SETTING: All live births (LB) with OFC in SPS from 2008-2019. PATIENTS: 5342 cases of OFC among 7 301 636 LB. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: OFC prevalence trends, annual percent change (APC) with a 95% confidence interval, and seasonality. RESULTS: We found an OFC prevalence of 7.3/10 000LB in SPS, Brazil. Among all the cases, the majority were male (57.1%), Caucasian (65.4%), 77.8% born at term, 75.8% weight >2500 g, 97.1% singleton, and 63.9% of births were by cesarean section. From 2008-2019, SPS presented a stationary OFC prevalence trend; in São Paulo city, the highest APC was observed (0.05%); the maternal age group with the highest OFC prevalence rate was ≥35 years (9.2/10 000LB). We identified the existence of seasonal variation based on the conception date in the final months of the year, corresponding to the spring season (P < .001). CONCLUSION: OFC had a stationary prevalence trend in recent years, with the highest prevalence in the Central North Cluster and ≥35 years maternal age group. Seasonality was observed in the spring season, and congenital malformation of lips was the most common associated pathology. This population-based study is the first to summarize the current epidemiology of OFC in SPS.

RESUMO

As pessoas com deficiência representam uma parcela da população usuária do SUS que para além das necessidades básicas apresentam especificidades de cuidado. Nesse sentido, em 2012 foi instituída a Rede de Cuidados à Pessoa com Deficiência (RCPcD) que propõe o Centro Especializado em Reabilitação (CER) como serviço de referência para atenção e reabilitação das pessoas nessas condições. Há diversas formas de compreensão da deficiência, que se constituíram histórica e socialmente e induzem a forma de se relacionar com ela e os modelos de "tratamento" e reabilitação. Existem também os modelos assistenciais em saúde que conduzem as intervenções nos processos de saúde-doença. O objetivo desse estudo é compreender como essas concepções se relacionam com os processos de trabalho do CER e este para os processos de cuidado e reabilitação na RCPcD no que tange às orientações documentos norteadores e às práticas desenvolvidas no cotidiano do serviço estudado. Para isso, foi realizada pesquisa documental sobre a legislação e documentos norteadores da RCPcD, observação participativa de atividades desenvolvidas em um CER da cidade de São Paulo, e grupos de discussão com profissionais do serviço e entrevistas com profissionais da gestão. Nos resultados foram apresentadas as narrativas históricas e processos de implantação da rede e do CER; a compreensão de deficiência, e reabilitação e modelos norteadores presentes nos documentos, discursos e observadas na prática; os processos de trabalho e atividades desenvolvidos no serviço; e considerações quanto à formação profissional e educação permanente, revelando avanços, mas também contradições e desafios. Ainda há heterogeneidade e tensões entre os conceitos e modelos, predominando o paradigma médico tradicional e tem sido buscado nas proposições sobre integralidade de atenção e clínica ampliada subsídio para sua superação. No entanto, a prática ainda se mostra muito pautada em ações baseadas no individuo, evidenciando a necessidade de investir em ações coletivas e compartilhadas para favorecer mudanças sociais com o objetivo de garantir participação e inclusão social efetivas. Para essa mudança de paradigma, ressalta-se a importância de mais participação das pessoas com deficiência nos processos de reabilitação, no apoio de nível gerencial e instrumental de monitoramento e avaliação, nas ações e processos de educação permanente em sintonia e na direção de um novo paradigma. Nesse sentido, como Produto Educacional do Mestrado Profissional que contribua para possíveis processos de mudança, propõe-se uma oficina de sensibilização sobre as práticas de reabilitação e atividades profissionais e possíveis mudanças a serem desenvolvidas em conjunto com trabalhadores de reabilitação

Assuntos

Reabilitação , Centros de Reabilitação , Sistema Único de Saúde , Pessoas com Deficiência , Acesso Universal aos Serviços de Saúde , Política de Saúde

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Exercise is an important therapeutic strategy for preventing and treating myocardial infarction (MI)-induced cardiac remodeling and heart failure. However, the myocardial effects of resistance exercise on infarcted hearts are not completely established. In this study, we investigated the effects of resistance exercise on structural, functional, and molecular cardiac alterations in infarcted rats. METHODS: Three months after MI induction or simulated surgery, Wistar rats were assigned into three groups: Sham (n = 14); MI (n = 9); and exercised MI (MI-Ex, n = 13). Exercised rats performed, 3 times a week for 12 weeks, four climbs on a ladder with progressive loads. Cardiac structure and left ventricle (LV) function were analyzed by echocardiogram. Myocyte diameters were evaluated in hematoxylin- and eosin-stained histological sections as the smallest distance between borders drawn across the nucleus. Myocardial energy metabolism, lipid hydroperoxide, malondialdehyde, protein carbonylation, and antioxidant enzyme activities were evaluated by spectrophotometry. Gene expressions of NADPH oxidase subunits were evaluated by RT-PCR. Statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA and Tukey or Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's test. RESULTS: Mortality did not differ between the MI-Ex and MI groups. MI had dilated left atrium and LV, with LV systolic dysfunction. Exercise increased the maximum load-carrying capacity, with no changes in cardiac structure or LV function. Myocyte diameters were lower in MI than in Sham and MI-Ex. Lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase activity were lower in MI than in Sham. Citrate synthase and catalase activity were lower in MI and MI-Ex than in Sham. Lipid hydroperoxide concentration was lower in MI-Ex than in MI. Nox2 and p22phox gene expressions were higher in MI-Ex than in Sham. Gene expression of Nox4 was higher in MI and MI-Ex than in Sham, and p47phox was lower in MI than in Sham. CONCLUSION: Late resistance exercise was safe in infarcted rats. Resistance exercise improved maximum load-carrying capacity, reduced myocardial oxidative stress, and preserved myocardial metabolism, with no changes in cardiac structure or left ventricle function in infarcted rats.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The tremor mutant mice present motor impairments comprised of whole-body tremors, ataxia, decreased exploratory behavior, and audiogenic seizures. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to investigate the development of motor dysfunction in this mutant mouse and the relationships with cortical, striatal, and cerebellar levels of GABA, glutamate, glycine, dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), noradrenaline (NOR), and its metabolites. The serum cytokines levels, myelin content, and the astrocytic expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) investigated the possible influence of inflammation in motor dysfunction. RESULTS: Relative to wild-type (WT) mice, the tremor mice presented: increased tremors and bradykinesia associated with postural instability, decreased range of motion, and difficulty in initiating voluntary movements directly proportional to age; reduced step length for right and left hindlimbs; reduced cortical GABA, glutamate and, aspartate levels, the DOPAC/DA and ratio and increased the NOR levels; in the striatum, the levels of glycine and aspartate were reduced while the HVA levels, the HVA/DA and 5HIAA/5-HT ratios increased; in the cerebellum the glycine, NOR and 5-HIAA levels increased. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that the motor disturbances resulted mainly from the activation of the indirect striatal inhibitory pathway to the frontal cortex mediated by GABA, glutamate, and aspartate, reducing the dopaminergic activity at the prefrontal cortex, which was associated with the progressive tremor. The reduced striatal and increased cerebellar glycine levels could be partially responsible for the mutant tremor motor disturbances.

Assuntos

Transtornos Motores , Tremor , Camundongos , Animais , Tremor/metabolismo , Serotonina/metabolismo , Ácido Aspártico/metabolismo , Convulsões/metabolismo , Dopamina/metabolismo , Ácido Glutâmico/metabolismo , Corpo Estriado/metabolismo , Norepinefrina/metabolismo , Neurotransmissores/metabolismo , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/metabolismo , Glicina/metabolismo

RESUMO

Although current guidelines recommend resistance exercise in combination with aerobic training to increase muscle strength and prevent skeletal muscle loss during cardiac remodeling, its effects are not clear. In this study, we evaluated the effects of resistance training on cardiac remodeling and the soleus muscle in long-term myocardial infarction (MI) rats. METHODS: Three months after MI induction, male Wistar rats were assigned to Sham (n = 14), MI (n = 9), and resistance exercised MI (R-MI, n = 13) groups. The rats trained three times a week for 12 weeks on a climbing ladder. An echocardiogram was performed before and after training. Protein expression of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1/protein kinase B (Akt)/rapamycin target complex (mTOR) pathway was analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS: Mortality rate was higher in MI than Sham; in the R-MI group, mortality rate was between that in MI and Sham and did not differ significantly from either group. Exercise increased maximal load capacity without changing cardiac structure and left ventricular function in infarcted rats. Infarction size did not differ between infarcted groups. Catalase activity was lower in MI than Sham and glutathione peroxidase lower in MI than Sham and R-MI. Protein expression of p70S6K was lower in MI than Sham and p-FoxO3 was lower in MI than Sham and R-MI. Energy metabolism did not differ between groups, except for higher phosphofrutokinase activity in R-MI than MI. CONCLUSION: Resistance exercise is safe and increases muscle strength regardless structural and functional cardiac changes in myocardial-infarcted rats. This exercise modality attenuates soleus glycolytic metabolism changes and improves the expression of proteins required for protein turnover and antioxidant response.