RESUMO
BACKGROUND: To understand why some individuals who develop alcohol use disorders (AUD) first begin to drink heavily, a number of scales have been developed that index aspects of alcohol craving and restraint from drinking. We developed a new measure called the Alcohol Consumption Questionnaire (ACQ), based in part on items modified from scales used to index binge eating, because there are data to suggest that binge eating and binge drinking may share common antecedents. We present an initial validity study using data from a sample of Mexican Americans. METHODS: Data were from 699 Mexican American young adults in San Diego County, CA. A subsample (n = 60) had short-term test-retest data. Factor analysis and reliability assessment guided item reduction. Item response theory (IRT) analyses quantified item severity and identified questions with differential item functioning (DIF). Logistic regression assessed associations of mean scale scores with AUD, adjusting for key demographics, alcohol expectancies and subjective response to alcohol. We also examined associations with a protective genetic variant downstream from the alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (ADH7) gene. RESULTS: The scale was reduced from 20 to 14 questions, which can be summarized by a single overall score (Cronbach's alpha = 0.896) or by two sub-scores (Consumption: 12 items, Cronbach's alpha = 0.896; Enjoyment: 2 items, Cronbach's alpha = 0.780). Test-retest reliability was very high (0.80-0.98) in this sample. The overall ACQ score and each subdomain score were strongly associated with AUD (ORs = 5.95 mild; 11.41 moderate; 48.56 severe) and family history of AUD. Respondents with the protective genetic variant had significantly lower overall ACQ scores (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The ACQ is a novel measure of alcohol consumption with strong relationships with both the AUD phenotype and ADH7 gene variants in a sample of Mexican American young adults.
Assuntos
Álcool Desidrogenase , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Americanos Mexicanos , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Americanos Mexicanos/psicologia , Adulto Jovem , Inquéritos e Questionários , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/psicologia , Álcool Desidrogenase/genética , Adulto , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Consumo Excessivo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/psicologia , Adolescente , Alcoolismo/psicologiaRESUMO
We investigated the substance-specific and cross-substance risk associated with early onset (before age 15) of drunkenness and cannabis use in the subsequent development of alcohol (AUD) and cannabis use disorder (CUD) in Mexican American young adults. Survival analyses employed Cox proportional hazards models for AUD and CUD, separately. In cross-risk analyses, we modeled estimates for those participants reporting lifetime use of both substances. Early onset of drunkenness and early onset of cannabis use were associated with shorter time to AUD and CUD, respectively, even after accounting for psychiatric disorders. While there were no cross-risk associations, adjusting for psychiatric disorders and early onset cannabis use attenuated the association of early drunkenness with AUD.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study collected retrospective data on adolescent binge drinking (ABD) (5 drinks for boys, 4 for girls per occasion at least once per month) and/or extreme adolescent binge drinking (EABD) (10 or more drinks per occasion at least once per month) and tested for associations with demographic and diagnostics variables including alcohol and other substance use disorders (AUD/SUD). METHODS: Cross-sectional data were collected from young adult (age 18-30 yrs) American Indians (AI) (nâ=â534) and Mexican Americans (MA) (nâ=â704) using a semi-structured diagnostic instrument. RESULTS: Thirty percent (30%) of the sample reported ABD and 21% reported EABD. Those having had monthly ABD were more likely to be AI and have less education; those having had EABD were more likely to be AI, male, younger, have less education and lower economic status compared to participants without ABD. ABD/EABD was associated with higher impulsivity, a family history of AUD, and lower level of response to alcohol (ORsâ=â1.0-2.0), as well as with adult AUD (ORsâ=â3.7-48), other substance use disorders (ORsâ=â3.5-9), and conduct disorder/ antisocial personality disorder (ORsâ=â2.0-2.6), but not with anxiety/depression. Monthly EABD further increased the odds of AUD/SUD. CONCLUSIONS: Although binge drinking was more common in AI compared to MA, there were little effects of race in individual risk factor analyses. Monthly ABD and EABD were common among these AI/MA as adolescents, and, as with other ethnic groups, these drinking patterns resulted in highly significant increases in the odds of developing alcohol and other substance use disorders in young adulthood.
Assuntos
Consumo Excessivo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Adolescente , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Consumo Excessivo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Americanos Mexicanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem , Indígena Americano ou Nativo do AlascaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Electrophysiological variables may represent sensitive biomarkers of vulnerability to or endophenotypes for alcohol use disorders (AUD). METHODS: Young adults (age 18-30 yrs, nâ¯=â¯580) of Mexican American heritage were assessed with the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism and event-related oscillations (EROs) generated in response to a task that used pictures of objects, food, and alcohol-related and non-alcohol-related drinks as stimuli. RESULTS: Decreases in energy in the alpha and beta frequencies and higher phase synchrony within cortical brain areas were seen in response to the alcohol-related as compared to the non-alcohol-related stimuli. Differences in ERO energy and synchrony responses to alcohol-related stimuli were also found as a function of age, sex, AUD status and comorbidity. Age-related decreases in energy and increases in synchrony were found. Females had significantly higher energy and lower synchrony values than males. Participants with AUD had higher synchrony values specifically in the beta frequencies, whereas those with a lifetime diagnosis of conduct disorder and/or antisocial personality disorder had lower alpha power and synchrony, and those with any affective disorder had lower ERO energy in the beta frequencies. Those with substance-associated affective "dark-side" symptoms had slower reaction times to the task, lower energy in the beta frequencies, lower local synchrony in the theta frequencies, and higher long-range synchrony in the delta and beta frequencies. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that EROs recorded to alcohol-related stimuli may be biomarkers of comorbid risk factors, symptoms and disorders associated with AUD that also can differentiate those with "dark-side symptoms".
Assuntos
Sintomas Afetivos/fisiopatologia , Alcoolismo/fisiopatologia , Potenciais Evocados , Americanos Mexicanos/psicologia , Análise e Desempenho de Tarefas , Adolescente , Adulto , Sintomas Afetivos/etnologia , Sintomas Afetivos/psicologia , Fatores Etários , Alcoolismo/etnologia , Alcoolismo/psicologia , Ritmo alfa , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/etnologia , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/fisiopatologia , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/psicologia , Ritmo beta , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Comorbidade , Transtorno da Conduta/etnologia , Transtorno da Conduta/fisiopatologia , Transtorno da Conduta/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Americanos Mexicanos/genética , Transtornos do Humor/etnologia , Transtornos do Humor/fisiopatologia , Transtornos do Humor/psicologia , Tempo de Reação , Fatores Sexuais , Adulto JovemRESUMO
RATIONALE: Binge drinking during adolescence is common, and adolescents and young adults with alcohol problems may also have sleep difficulties. However, few studies have documented the effects of a history of adolescent binge drinking on sleep in young adulthood in high-risk minority populations. OBJECTIVES: To quantify sleep disturbance, as indexed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), in a sample of young adult Mexican American and American Indian men and women (18-30 years, n = 800) with and without a history of alcohol binge drinking during adolescence, controlling for age, gender, and race. RESULTS: Gender was found to affect PSQI responses with females reporting waking up at night, having more bad dreams, and later habitual bedtimes than males, and males reporting more problems with breathing and snoring. Increasing age was associated with snoring or coughing, less hours spent in bed, and later evening bedtimes. Race also influenced the PSQI with American Indians reporting longer sleep latencies and sleep durations, more hours spent in bed, and more trouble with coughing and snoring than Mexican Americans, and Mexican Americans reporting later bedtimes. A history of adolescent regular binge drinking was associated with longer sleep latencies, more problems with breathing, bad dreams, and an overall higher PSQI total score, when controlling for age, race, and gender. CONCLUSIONS: This report suggests, like what has been found in young adults in general population samples, that binge drinking during adolescence is associated with deleterious consequences on sleep quality in young adulthood in these high-risk and understudied ethnic groups.
Assuntos
Consumo Excessivo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/etnologia , Consumo Excessivo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/psicologia , Indígenas Norte-Americanos/psicologia , Americanos Mexicanos/psicologia , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/etnologia , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Consumo Excessivo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Indígenas Norte-Americanos/etnologia , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Sono/fisiologia , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/complicações , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/fisiopatologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Mexican Americans comprise one of the most rapidly growing populations in the United States, and within this population, trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are associated with physical and mental health problems. Therefore, efforts to delineate factors that may uniquely contribute to increased likelihood of trauma, PTSD, and substance use disorders over the lifetime in Mexican Americans are important to address health disparities and to develop treatment and prevention programs. Six hundred fourteen young adults (age 18-30 yrs) of Mexican American heritage, largely second generation, were recruited from the community and assessed with the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism and an acculturation stress scale. More males (51.2%) reported experiencing traumas than females (41.1%), however, a larger proportion of females received a PTSD diagnosis (15%) than males (8%). Alcohol dependence and affective disorders, but not anxiety disorders, antisocial disorders, nicotine, marijuana, or stimulant dependence, were significantly comorbid with PTSD. Endorsing higher levels of acculturation stress was also significantly associated with both trauma exposure and a diagnosis of PTSD. Logistic regression revealed that female gender, having an affective disorder, alcohol dependence, higher levels of acculturation stress, and lower levels of education were all predictors of PTSD status. Additionally, alcohol dependence generally occurred after the PTSD diagnosis in early adulthood in this high-risk population. These studies suggest that treatment and prevention efforts should particularly focus on young adult second generation Mexican American women with higher levels of acculturation stress, who may be at higher risk for PTSD, affective disorder, and alcohol dependence following trauma exposure.
Assuntos
Aculturação , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Transtornos do Humor/epidemiologia , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Análise de Variância , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Comorbidade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Americanos Mexicanos , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Estados Unidos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Hypertension and obesity are serious health problems that have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We recently showed a relationship between hypertension, obesity and cardiovagal control in a sample of Native and Mexican Americans at high risk of alcohol use disorders (AUD). While studies have shown that Native and Mexican Americans exhibit high rates of AUD, the consequences of AUD on CVD risk factors and their relationship with cardiovascular autonomic control is not well understood in these ethnic groups. This study investigated whether an association could be demonstrated between cardiovascular autonomic control and several CVD risk factors in Native and Mexican American men and women (n = 228) who are literate in English and are residing legally in San Diego County. Participants with lifetime history of AUD showed higher rates of systolic and diastolic hypertension and obesity than participants without lifetime AUD. Lifetime AUD was significantly associated with reduced HR response to deep breathing (HRDB) measure of cardiovagal control, higher current drinking quantity, and obesity. Reduced HRDB was also associated with increased systolic pre-hypertension or hypertension (pre-/hypertension) and with higher diastolic blood pressure in a linear regression model that included several diagnostic and demographic variables. HRDB and time- and frequency-domain measures of cardiovagal control were significantly reduced in participants with diastolic pre-/hypertension. These data suggest that lower cardiovagal control may play a role in the prevalence of systolic and diastolic pre-/hypertension in a community sample with a history of alcohol and substance use disorders.
Assuntos
Alcoolismo/fisiopatologia , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiopatologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/fisiopatologia , Fenômenos Fisiológicos Cardiovasculares , Adolescente , Adulto , Alcoolismo/complicações , Doenças Cardiovasculares/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/complicações , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Indígenas Norte-Americanos , Masculino , Americanos Mexicanos , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Fatores de Risco , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To determine if the clinical course of DSM-5 alcohol use disorders (AUD) in select populations of young adults (18-30 years) differed based on gender, diagnostic severity (mild, moderate, severe), and ethnicity. METHODS: Native Americans (NA) and Mexican Americans (MA) (n = 1,129) were recruited from the community and completed a structured diagnostic interview. Participants with DSM-5 AUDs were compared based on gender, severity of the disorder (mild, moderate, severe), and ethnicity for differences in drinking levels, as well as the clinical course of AUD as defined by the occurrence and sequence of 36 alcohol-related life events. RESULTS: Seventy percent of the NA men, 64% of the NA women, 56% of the MA men, and 42% of the MA women met lifetime diagnostic criteria for a DSM-5 AUD. NA reported more alcohol-related life events and at an earlier age than MA. A high degree of similarity in the clinical course was found between men and women and between those with severe or moderate disorder, but not with those with mild disorder. CONCLUSIONS: NA had higher drinking levels and more alcohol problems at an earlier age than MA. A similar clinical course was seen based on gender and ethnicity in these young adults, but not based on diagnostic severity. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: The DSM-5 mild AUD category differs from the moderate and severe categories on drinking history, clinical course, gender, and ethnic distribution. Mild AUD may not be in the same clinical continuum as moderate and severe AUD in these populations.
Assuntos
Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Álcool/diagnóstico , Indígenas Norte-Americanos/psicologia , Americanos Mexicanos/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Álcool/epidemiologia , Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais , Feminino , Humanos , Indígenas Norte-Americanos/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Americanos Mexicanos/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Caracteres Sexuais , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , População Branca/psicologia , População Branca/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Binge drinking during adolescence is common and may predict increased drinking in young adulthood and enhanced risk of alcohol dependence. Variation in level of response to the hedonic and adverse effects of alcohol is in part an inherited factor that may also influence its use, abuse, and dependence. This study investigated, in young adults, whether an association could be demonstrated between variation in self-reported responses to alcohol and a history of binge drinking during adolescence. METHODS: Young adult (18 to 30 years, n = 790) Native Americans and Mexican Americans were recruited from the community and completed a structured diagnostic interview. Response to alcohol was indexed using the expectation version of the Subjective High Assessment Scale (SHAS-E). An adolescent history of regular binge drinking was defined as drinking 5 or more drinks for boys and 4 or more drinks for girls per drinking occasion at least once a month during their highest drinking period prior to the age of 18. RESULTS: An adolescent history of regular binge drinking was found to be associated with a lower level of self-reported responses to the negative aspects of alcohol intoxication (feeling terrible) as well as to the overall level of intoxication, but not to the positive impressions of intoxication (feeling great) on the SHAS-E. A history of regular adolescent binge drinking was also correlated with less feelings of the "terrible" and "total" effects of alcohol, as indexed by the SHAS-E, in a linear regression model that included several diagnostic and demographic variables such as a history of conduct disorder and current levels of drinking. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that a history of adolescent binge drinking is associated with a reduction in the self-reported level of intoxication in young adulthood, a factor that could theoretically lead to increased risk of alcohol dependence.
Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Consumo Excessivo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/psicologia , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Indígenas Norte-Americanos/psicologia , Americanos Mexicanos/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Intoxicação Alcoólica/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Autorrelato , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Obesity is a serious public health problem, especially in some minority communities, and it has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. While obesity is a serious health concern in both American Indian and Mexican American populations, the relationship between obesity and cardiac autonomic control in these two populations is not well understood. The present study in a selected sample of American Indians and Mexican Americans assessed associations between obesity, blood pressure (BP), and cardiovascular autonomic control. Cardiovascular autonomic control, systolic and diastolic mean BP, and body mass index were obtained from one hundred thirty-two American Indian and Mexican American men and women who are literate in English and are residing legally in San Diego County. Men had a significant greater systolic and diastolic BP and were more likely to develop systolic prehypertension and hypertension than women. Obese participants showed greater mean heart rate (HR) and systolic and diastolic BP than nonobese participants. Obese men also exhibited greater cardiac sympathetic activity and lower cardiovagal control than obese women. These results suggest that obesity and gender differences in cardiovascular autonomic control may contribute to risk for cardiovascular disorders in this sample of American Indians and Mexican Americans.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Adult male Hispanics, particularly those born in the United States, are more likely to drink frequently and to consume larger quantities of alcohol than Whites or Blacks. Because alcohol and other substance-use disorders are frequently associated with disturbances in sleep, this study investigated measures of sleep quality and substance use disorders in a select sample of young-adult Mexican Americans. METHOD: Diagnoses of alcohol-use disorders and other psychiatric disorders (based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised), results from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), family history of alcohol dependence, and measures of acculturation stress were obtained from 294 Mexican American young adults, ages 18-30, who were literate in English and were residing legally in San Diego County. RESULTS: Lifetime diagnoses of alcohol-use disorders, family history of alcohol dependence, acculturation stress, and lifetime diagnoses of major depressive disorder were all correlated with significantly poorer quality sleep as indexed by the global score on the PSQI. Regression analyses also revealed that gender was correlated with habitual bedtime, whereas drug dependence (cannabis, stimulants, and/or opiates) was significantly correlated with how long it took to fall asleep, major depressive disorder with the number of hours spent sleeping a night, and anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder with waking up in the early morning or middle of the night. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that alcohol-use disorders are significantly associated with poorer quality of sleep in this population of young adults and that substance-use disorders may affect different aspects of sleep than anxiety and depressive disorders do. These findings may be helpful in designing prevention and intervention programs for alcohol-use disorders in this high-risk population.
Assuntos
Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Álcool/etnologia , Americanos Mexicanos/etnologia , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/etnologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Álcool/complicações , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Álcool/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Americanos Mexicanos/psicologia , Vigilância da População , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/etiologia , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Mexican Americans comprise one of the most rapidly growing populations in the U.S. and within this population the process of acculturation has been suggested to be associated with some mental health problems. This study sought to ascertain quantitative information indexing acculturation stress and its association with mental health disorders in a select community sample of Mexican Americans. METHODS: Demographic information, DSM-III-R diagnoses, and information on cultural identity and acculturation stress were obtained from 240 Mexican American young adults that were recruited by fliers and were residing in selected areas of San Diego. RESULTS: No associations were found between measures of cultural identification and lifetime diagnoses of drug or alcohol dependence, major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders or antisocial personality disorder/conduct disorder in this sample of Mexican American young adults. However, lifetime diagnoses of alcohol dependence, substance dependence, and anxiety disorders were associated with elevations in acculturation stress. CONCLUSION: Quantitative measures of acculturation stress, but not cultural identity per se, were found to be significantly associated with substance dependence and anxiety disorders in this select population of Mexican American young adults. These data may be helpful in designing prevention and intervention programs for this high risk population.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The clinical course of alcoholism has been described as a series of distinct, alcohol-related life events that occur in an orderly sequence. However, whether that sequence differs, depending on ethnicity and country of origin, is less clear. The purposes of this study were to investigate the sequence and progression of alcohol-related life events in individuals of East Indian (Indo) and African (Afro) heritage on the islands of Trinidad and Tobago, and compare those results with data reported previously by the Collaborative study for the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA). METHOD: Participants who were alcohol dependent (based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised, criteria) and of Afro-Trinidadian and Tobagonian ancestry or Indo-Trinidadian ancestry were recruited from inpatient treatment facilities. A total of 148 alcohol-dependent men and women completed the Semi-Structured Assessment of the Genetics of Alcoholism, which assessed the physical, psychological, and social manifestations of alcohol dependence and other psychiatric disorders. RESULTS: A high degree of similarity in the sequence of alcohol-related life events was found between Indo-Trinidadian, Afro-Trinidadian and Tobagonian, and COGA participants. However, Trinidadian and Tobagonian alcoholics were more likely to endorse severe alcohol drinking in the form of binges (2 or more days of intoxication), blackouts, withdrawal, and medical consequences; however, they were less likely to endorse aggressive acts associated with drinking. Progression to alcohol dependence was significantly slower in Trinidadian and Tobagonian alcoholics than in the U.S. population of alcoholics, but severe alcohol symptoms were more commonly endorsed in Trinidadian and Tobagonians.
Assuntos
Humanos , Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't , Alcoolismo , Trinidad e TobagoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The clinical course of alcoholism has been described as a series of distinct, alcohol-related life events that occur in an orderly sequence. However, whether that sequence differs, depending on ethnicity and country of origin, is less clear. The purposes of this study were to investigate the sequence and progression of alcohol-related life events in individuals of East Indian (Indo) and African (Afro) heritage on the islands of Trinidad and Tobago, and compare those results with data reported previously by the Collaborative study for the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA). METHOD: Participants who were alcohol dependent (based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised, criteria) and of Afro-Trinidadian and Tobagonian ancestry or Indo-Trinidadian ancestry were recruited from inpatient treatment facilities. A total of 148 alcohol-dependent men and women completed the Semi-Structured Assessment of the Genetics of Alcoholism, which assessed the physical, psychological, and social manifestations of alcohol dependence and other psychiatric disorders. RESULTS: A high degree of similarity in the sequence of alcohol-related life events was found between Indo-Trinidadian, Afro-Trinidadian and Tobagonian, and COGA participants. However, Trinidadian and Tobagonian alcoholics were more likely to endorse severe alcohol drinking in the form of binges (2 or more days of intoxication), blackouts, withdrawal, and medical consequences; however, they were less likely to endorse aggressive acts associated with drinking. Progression to alcohol dependence was significantly slower in Trinidadian and Tobagonian alcoholics than in the U.S. population of alcoholics, but severe alcohol symptoms were more commonly endorsed in Trinidadian and Tobagonians. CONCLUSIONS: Identifying ethnic and country of origin differences in the clinical course of alcohol dependence may assist in the development of culturally sensitive intervention and prevention programs.
Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Álcool/epidemiologia , Alcoolismo/epidemiologia , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/etnologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Álcool/etnologia , Alcoolismo/etnologia , Alcoolismo/reabilitação , Povo Asiático/estatística & dados numéricos , População Negra/estatística & dados numéricos , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Centros de Tratamento de Abuso de Substâncias , Trinidad e Tobago/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Mexican Americans comprise one of the most rapidly growing populations in the U.S. However, information on the co-morbidity of alcohol dependence with other psychiatric disorders in Mexican Americans is sparse. METHODS: Demographic information, DSM-III-R diagnoses, and information differentiating independent from substance-induced anxiety and affective disorders were obtained from 240 Mexican American young adults residing in select areas of San Diego. RESULTS: A high prevalence of alcohol dependence was found in this population. There was significant co-morbidity between alcohol dependence and anxiety, affective, conduct/antisocial, and other substance dependence disorders. Eight percent of the anxiety disorders and 26% of the affective disorders were found to be substance-induced. CONCLUSION: High rates and substantial co-morbidity of alcohol dependence with psychiatric and other substance use disorders were found in this population. These data may be helpful in designing prevention and intervention programs for this high-risk population.