RESUMO
CienciaPR, a nonprofit that brings together the largest network of Puerto Rican scientists and one of the largest networks of Hispanic/Latine scientists in the world, has collaborated with El Nuevo Día (END), Puerto Rico's newspaper of record, to increase culturally relevant stories in their science section. This Practice Insight quantifies and compares the presence of culturally relevant elements (e.g., referring to Puerto Rico, local landmarks, historic figures, slang) and other content information (e.g., topics, location, focus, protagonist) in articles authored by CienciaPR members versus articles by END, news agencies, and other organizations. Results demonstrate that CienciaPR-authored articles published in END featured culturally relevant elements more often (e.g., mentioned Puerto Rico, used Puerto Rican slang, stories located in Puerto Rico) than those by other sources.
RESUMO
OBJETIVO: Analisar a efetividade de Polihexametileno Biguanida (PHMB), comparado à solução salina na carga microbiana de pacientes com feridas. MÉTODO: Protocolo de revisão sistemática, construído segundo o Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), de acordo com metodologia do Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Os estudos serão avaliados por dois pesquisadores independentes, nas bases de dados: Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF), Sistema Online de Busca e Análise de Literatura Médica (MEDLINE)e Excerpta Medica Database (Embase). As pesquisas a serem incluídas serão aquelas publicadas em português, inglês ou espanhol e a busca não definirá recorte temporal. Serão desconsiderados estudos em animais ou in vitro, revisões, cartas ao editor ou estudos de casos. Após a seleção dos estudos, a extração de dados ocorrerá de maneira sistemática e os registros correspondentes serão feitos de forma narrativa e tabular.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effectiveness of polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) compared to saline on the microbial load of wounds. METHOD: Systematic review protocol, built according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and the Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) methodology. Studies will be evaluated by two independent researchers in the following databases: Latin America and the Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS), Nursing Database (BDENF), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), and Excerpta Medica Database (Embase). Studies published in Portuguese, English, or Spanish will be included, and the search will not be restricted by publication date. Animal or in vitro studies, reviews, letters to the editor, and case studies will be excluded. After selecting studies, data extraction will take place systematically, and the corresponding records will be presented in a narrative and tabular way.
Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Idoso , Cicatrização , Infecção dos Ferimentos , Ferimentos e Lesões , Biguanidas , Carga Bacteriana , Solução Salina , BiofilmesRESUMO
Flavonoids are naturally occurring compounds widely distributed in the Citrus genus. These natural compounds have many health benefits, mainly for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. In fact, some these compounds are components of drug products with approved indications for peripheral vascular insufficiency and hemorrhoids. However, information on pharmacological effects of these compounds remains disperse and there is scarce comprehensive analysis of whole data and evidence. These kinds of evidence analyses could be necessary in drug design and the development of novel and innovate drug products in diabetes and hypertension. We aimed to systematically search for evidence on the efficacy of citroflavonoids in diabetes and hypertension in in vivo models. We searched four literature databases based on a PICO strategy. After database curation, twenty-nine articles were retrieved to analyze experimental data. There was high heterogeneity in both outcomes and methodology. Naringenin and hesperetin derivates were the most studied citroflavonoids in both experimental models. More investigation is still needed to determine its potential for drug design and development.
Assuntos
Citrus , Diabetes Mellitus , Hipertensão , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus/tratamento farmacológico , Descoberta de Drogas , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Flavonoides/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
This study was performed to evaluate and compare the pharmacokinetic parameters between two dosage formulations of hesperidin and naringenin: mixture and tablet. Our objective was to determine that the flavonoid tablet does not significantly modify the pharmacokinetic parameters compared with the mixture. For this study, we administered 161 mg/kg of either mixture (Mix-160) or tablet composed of hesperidin and by intragastric administration. Blood microsamples were collected from tail vein up to 24 h. Serum flavonoid extraction was performed by solid phase extraction and analyzed by LC-MS/MS of triple quadrupole (QqQ). Serum concentration vs. time plot showed that data fitted for a first-order model. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by a noncompartmental model. The results showed that the absorption constant is higher than the elimination constant. The first concentration was found at five minutes, and minimal concentration at 24 h after administration, suggesting a enterohepatic recirculation phenomena and regulation of liver cytochromes' activity. We did not find meaningful differences between the pharmacokinetic parameters of both samples. We concluded that tablet form did not interfere with the bioavailability of hesperidin and naringenin, and it could be a suitable candidate for developing a drug product.
Assuntos
Disponibilidade BiológicaRESUMO
Eczema is a skin condition characterized by itchy and inflammatory patches. The accumulation of neutrophils and the imbalance between enzymes and their inhibitors appears to be related to this condition. We proposed a neutrophil elastase (NE)-based eczema model in mice in order to verify histopathological features as well as the expression and activity of proteases and inhibitors. Mice skins were topically administered with human NE (0-2 pmol/cm2) for 24-168 h. It was observed thickening of epidermis, parakeratosis, spongiosis and leukocyte infiltration. Also, NE-treated skins presented high activity of epidermal kallikreins 5 and 7, and cathepsin B on synthetic substrates, and expression evaluated by RT-qPCR. The proteolytic activity was inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor, CA074 and Caesalpinia echinata kallikrein inhibitor (CeKI). The topic application of CeKI reversed eczema phenotype in NE-treated skins. Elafin expression was shown to be increased in NE-treated skins. These results suggest that the NE may trigger morphological and biochemical changes in skin similar to those observed in eczematous diseases. In addition to the establishment of this in vivo model, this work opens perspectives for the use of protease inhibitor-based drugs for the management of this skin condition.
Assuntos
Eczema , Peptídeo Hidrolases , Animais , Catepsina G , Catepsinas/metabolismo , Eczema/tratamento farmacológico , Eczema/metabolismo , Camundongos , Neutrófilos , Peptídeo Hidrolases/metabolismo , Inibidores de Proteases/químicaRESUMO
High-grade endometrial carcinomas are aggressive neoplasms of difficult histological classification. Neuroendocrine differentiation in endometrial carcinomas is rare. This is the report of an endometrial large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma with foci of melanocytic differentiation in a 75-year-old woman with abnormal post-menopausal uterine bleeding for 2 years. Two initial biopsies were inconclusive. Histopathological examination of the uterus revealed large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma associated with endometrioid carcinoma and foci of melanocytic differentiation, pT3a (FIGO IIIA). There were metastases in the rectum serosa and lungs. After 8 months of diagnosis and surgical treatment, the patient is on chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We highlight the morphological characteristics and criteria that allow the definitive anatomopathological diagnosis, including immunohistochemical markers used to identify the cell types present in this unprecedented association.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Neoplasias do Endométrio/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Neuroendócrino/diagnóstico , Imuno-Histoquímica , Neoplasias do Endométrio/cirurgia , Carcinoma Neuroendócrino/cirurgia , Carcinoma de Células Grandes , MelanócitosRESUMO
High-grade endometrial carcinomas are aggressive neoplasms of difficult histological classification. Neuroendocrine differentiation in endometrial carcinomas is rare. This is the report of an endometrial large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma with foci of melanocytic differentiation in a 75-year-old woman with abnormal post-menopausal uterine bleeding for 2 years. Two initial biopsies were inconclusive. Histopathological examination of the uterus revealed large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma associated with endometrioid carcinoma and foci of melanocytic differentiation, pT3a (FIGO IIIA). There were metastases in the rectum serosa and lungs. After 8 months of diagnosis and surgical treatment, the patient is on chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We highlight the morphological characteristics and criteria that allow the definitive anatomopathological diagnosis, including immunohistochemical markers used to identify the cell types present in this unprecedented association.
RESUMO
Parkinson's disease (PD) involves loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN), which can be correlated to neuroinflammatory changes with the aging of the nervous system. On the other hand, exercise can reduce the deleterious effects promoted by age, but the mechanism involved is still unclear. This study investigated the preventive exercise-induced changes on neuroinflammatory processes in a rat model of PD induced by unilateral striatal injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Adult male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: (1) sedentary (SED) or (2) exercised (EX), animals that did treadmill exercise three times per week, every other day, for 4 weeks prior to 6-OHDA or saline injection. The rats were then divided into four sub-groups: (1) sedentary saline (SED), (2) sedentary 6-OHDA (SED + 6-OHDA), (3) exercised saline (EX), and (4) exercised 6-OHDA (EX + 6-OHDA). Seven and 30 days after surgery, brains were collected for immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting for dopaminergic and neuroinflammatory markers into SN and striatum. The SED + 6-OHDA animals presented an increase in the astrocyte, microglial, and oxidative species activation. On the other hand, EX + 6-OHDA animals did not present neuroinflammatory responses and performed better apormorphine test. Our data suggest that treadmill exercise throughout life can markedly reduce the chances of dopamine decrease, reinforcing studies that showed a lower incidence of Parkinson's disease in patients who were active during life.
Assuntos
Neurônios Dopaminérgicos/metabolismo , Doença de Parkinson/prevenção & controle , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Animais , Neurônios Dopaminérgicos/patologia , Masculino , Oxidopamina/toxicidade , Doença de Parkinson/etiologia , Doença de Parkinson/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Short and long-term physical exercise induce physiological and structural changes in brain motor areas. The relationship between changes of structural and synaptic proteins in brain motor areas and acrobatic exercise is less understood. Our aim was to evaluate the expression of synapsin I (SYS), synaptophysin (SYP), microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), neurofilament (NF), and a marker for recent neuronal activity (Egr-1) in the motor cortex, striatum and cerebellum of adult rats subjected to acrobatic exercise (AE, for 1-4 weeks). We used adult Wistar rats, divided into 4 groups based on duration of acrobatic training, namely 1 week (AE1, n=15), 2 weeks (AE2, n=15), 4 weeks (AE4, n=15), and sedentary (SED, n=15). In AE groups, the rats covered 5 times a circuit that was composed of obstacles, three times a week. The protein levels were analyzed by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. The results revealed that short-term AE (AE1 and AE2) induced MAP2 decreases and NF, SYP and Egr-1 increases in the motor cortex; an increase of MAP2, SYS and SYP in the dorsolateral striatum, whereas the dorsomedial striatum showed increased NF, SYS, SYP and Egr-1. Granular cerebellar layer showed increased NF and Egr-1, with increased NF and SYP in the molecular layer. Long-term AE (AE4) promoted an increase of MAP2, SYP and Egr-1 in motor cortex; MAP2, SYS and SYP in the dorsomedial striatum; and NF and Egr-1 in the cerebellar granular layer. In conclusion, our data suggest that different durations of AE induce distinct plastic responses among distinct cortical and subcortical circuits.
Assuntos
Córtex Motor/metabolismo , Plasticidade Neuronal/fisiologia , Condicionamento Físico Animal/fisiologia , Animais , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/metabolismo , Cerebelo/metabolismo , Proteína 1 de Resposta de Crescimento Precoce/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/fisiologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Proteínas Associadas aos Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Ratos , Sinapsinas/metabolismo , Sinaptofisina/metabolismo , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Inflammation is an essential process in many pulmonary diseases in which kinins are generated by protease action on kininogen, a phenomenon that is blocked by protease inhibitors. We evaluated kinin release in an in vivo lung inflammation model in rats, in the presence or absence of CeKI (C. echinata kallikrein inhibitor), a plasma kallikrein, cathepsin G, and proteinase-3 inhibitor, and rCeEI (recombinant C. echinata elastase inhibitor), which inhibits these proteases and also neutrophil elastase. Wistar rats were intravenously treated with buffer (negative control) or inhibitors and, subsequently, lipopolysaccharide was injected into their lungs. Blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and lung tissue were collected. In plasma, kinin release was higher in the LPS-treated animals in comparison to CeKI or rCeEI groups. rCeEI-treated animals presented less kinin than CeKI-treated group. Our data suggest that kinins play a pivotal role in lung inflammation and may be generated by different enzymes; however, neutrophil elastase seems to be the most important in the lung tissue context. These results open perspectives for a better understanding of biological process where neutrophil enzymes participate and indicate these plant inhibitors and their recombinant correlates for therapeutic trials involving pulmonary diseases.
Assuntos
Caesalpinia , Neutrófilos , Pneumonia , Animais , Catepsina G/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Cininogênios/metabolismo , Modelos Biológicos , Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Neutrófilos/enzimologia , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Calicreína Plasmática/metabolismo , Pneumonia/tratamento farmacológico , Pneumonia/enzimologia , Inibidores de Proteases/farmacologia , Ratos , SementesRESUMO
A síncope é um problema médico comum e, se relacionada a distúrbio da condução atrioventricular (AV), pode indicar o implante de marcapasso definitivo. Por isso, a distinção entre o bloqueio AV devido a doença degenerativa e aquele induzido por aumento do tônus vagal tem importante implicação prognóstica e terapêutica. O mecanismo responsável pela síncope vasovagal é a perda abrupta e transitória da consciência decorrente de hipoperfusão cerebral global e transitória, com início rápido, curta duração e recuperação completa e espontânea. É uma causa comum de síncope e tem bom prognóstico. Em sua forma cardioinibitória, costuma ter como mecanismo a bradicardia sinusal ou a assistolia associada a queda da pressão sanguínea, porém podem ocorrer outras apresentações menos comuns, como o bloqueio AV (BAVT, BAV 2:1 BAV avançado). Descreve-se o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, com 54 anos, hipertensa, chagásica (megaesôfago) e vários episódios de síncope no último ano. Foi investigada com eletrocardiograma (BAV 1º grau), ecocardiograma (normal), Holter (BAV 2 grau Mobitz I durante o sono), teste ergométrico (resposta cronotrópica e condução AV normais durante o esforço) e tilt test sensibilizado positivo (BAVT) com manutenção de distúrbios da condução atrioventricular (BAVT, BAV avançado) associados a pré-síncope após retorno a zero grau, quadro que durou 25 minutos. Como parte da investigação, foi submetida a estudo eletrofisiológico com intervalo HV normal. Foi indicado marcapasso definitivo, porém a paciente recusou-se. Retornou após um ano com manutenção do quadro de síncope. Foi então submetida a implante de marcapasso definitivo de dupla-câmara e encontra-se há 15 meses sem sintomas.
Abstract: Syncope is a common medical problem and if related to disorder of atrioventricular (AV) conduction may be indicative of permanent pacemaker implantation. Therefore, the distinction between AV block due to degenerative disease and that induced by increased vagal tone has important prognostic and therapeutic implications. The mechanism responsible for vasovagal syncope is a sudden and transient loss of consciousness due to global cerebral hypoperfusion with rapid onset, short duration, and spontaneous complete recovery. It is a common cause of syncope and has a good prognosis. When cardioinhibitory, usually has as a mechanism of syncope sinus bradycardia or asystole associated to drop in blood pressure, but other less common presentations may occur as AV block (AVB, advanced AVB, AVB 2:1). We describe the case of a female patient, 54 years old, with hypertension, Chagas disease (megaesophagus) and several episodes of syncope in the last year. She was investigated by electrocardiogram (1st degree AVB), echocardiogram (normal), holter (Mobitz I 2nd degree AVB during sleep), exercise testing (normal chronotropic response and AV conduction during exercise) and tilt test (complete AVB) with maintenance of atrioventricular block (complete AVB and advanced AVB) associated with pre-syncope after returning to zero degree. This situation last for 25 minutes. As part of the investigation she underwent electrophysiologic study with normal HV interval. Permanent pacemaker was indicated but the patient refused. After 1 year she returned with maintenance of syncope and then underwent implantation of a permanent dual chamber pacemaker. She is without symptoms in the last 15 months.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dispositivos de Terapia de Ressincronização Cardíaca , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapia , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/fisiopatologia , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/terapia , Estudos de Coortes , Marca-Passo Artificial , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) is the standard of care for treatment of early breast cancer. Factors associated with poor cosmetic results are not well described. The aim of the present study was to evaluate factors associated with breast asymmetry after BCS for invasive breast cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients who underwent unilateral BCS for invasive breast cancer and completed at least six months after radiation therapy were included. After informed consent, patients answered a validated questionnaire for breast symmetry. Demographic, clinical-pathological and surgical variables were recorded. Bilateral breast volume was measured in office and volume difference > 20% was considered objective asymmetry. Variables were analyzed with χ(2) test and significance was considered at p < 0.05. RESULTS: One-hundred and thirtythree patients were included. Mean patient age was 56 ± 9 years. Most patients were married (78%) with educational level of high school or greater (50.8%). Mean body mass index (BMI) was 25 ± 8. Twelve percent of patients underwent ≥ 2 surgical procedures. Eighty-one percent of patients had tumors > 1 cm. Twenty-two percent of patients had objective breast asymmetry and 27% perceived themselves with asymmetry. There were no significant relationship between objective and subjective asymmetry. The only variable significantly associated with perception of breast asymmetry was educational level ≥ high school. CONCLUSIONS: There was no relationship between subjective and objective breast asymmetry after BCS, suggesting that cosmetic results are mainly related to patient subjective perception. The only variable associated with subjective breast asymmetry was high educational level, possibly because higher cosmetic expectations in this group of patients.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Mama/patologia , Mastectomia Segmentar , Idoso , Imagem Corporal , Mama/efeitos da radiação , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/radioterapia , Escolaridade , Estética , Feminino , Humanos , Mastectomia Segmentar/psicologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tamanho do Órgão , Satisfação do Paciente , Radioterapia Adjuvante/efeitos adversos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Thrombocytosis is frequently observed in patients with malignancy. We undertook this study to determine the prognostic value of thrombocytosis in patients with rectal cancer. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of patients undergoing low anterior resection for rectal cancer between January 2000 and March 2007. Preoperative platelet count was measured before surgery. Postoperative platelets were determined 1 month after surgery. Two-tailed p values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: One hundred sixty three patients with rectal cancer were included in the study. Preoperative platelet count >350,000 was found in 8% of patients. Postoperative platelet count >350,000 was found in 6% of patients. Distant metastases were found in 17 patients (10.4%). Significant variables in the multivariate analyses were preoperative platelets >350,000 (p = 0.001), postoperative platelets >350,000 (p = 0.002), carcinoembryonic antigen >13 ng/dL (p = 0.003). Patients with preoperative platelet count <350,000 showed a 5-year survival rate of 81%, whereas patients with platelet count >350,000 had a 25-month survival [95% confidence interval (CI): 20-26]; p <0.001. Patients with postoperative platelets <350,000 showed a 5-year survival rate of 80%, whereas patients with platelets >350,000 showed a 3-year survival rate of 37.5% (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Pre- or postoperative platelet count >350,000 is associated with poor survival in patients with rectal cancer. The measurement of platelets is a clinical marker useful to define the prognosis for patients with rectal cancer.
Assuntos
Carcinoma/sangue , Neoplasias Retais/sangue , Trombocitose/etiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Carcinoma/secundário , Carcinoma/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Neoplasias Hepáticas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/secundário , Neoplasias Pulmonares/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/secundário , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Contagem de Plaquetas , Prognóstico , Neoplasias Retais/patologia , Neoplasias Retais/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Trombocitose/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: Areas of lower enhancement on computed tomography are frequently seen in renal-cell carcinoma. We investigated whether tumor enhancement on the most prominent hypodense areas correlates with the nuclear grade and other pathologic variables. METHODS: From 2004 to 2009, all consecutive patients with a preoperative tomography who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy for renal-cell carcinoma at our tertiary referral center were retrospectively analyzed. Enhancement of the entire tumor on the slice with most prominent areas of lower enhancement was determined. RESULTS: Forty-eight patients were included. Clear-cell carcinoma comprised 91.6 %. Mean areas of lower enhancement for nuclear grade tumors 1-4 were 67.4, 38.7, 27.9, and 15.1 HU, respectively. Areas of lower enhancement negatively correlated with size, nuclear grade, T stage, and pathological stage. Tumors with extension beyond Gerota's fascia (10.5 vs. 35.9 HU, p < 0.001) and positive surgical margins (21.2 vs. 34.8 HU, p = 0.04) had more prominent areas of lower enhancement than organ-confined tumors. When comparing nuclear grade 1-3 to nuclear grade 4 tumors, these areas were significantly lower in the later (36.5 vs. 15.1 HU, p < 0.001). Receiver-operating characteristics curves for detecting nuclear grade 4 showed an area under the curve of 0.808 (95 % CI 0.659-0.957). CONCLUSIONS: Lower enhancement of the entire tumor at the point where hypodense tumor areas are more predominant on tomography is associated with higher nuclear grade and more advanced stage.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Renais/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma de Células Renais/patologia , Neoplasias Renais/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Área Sob a Curva , Carcinoma de Células Renais/cirurgia , Meios de Contraste , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Renais/cirurgia , Masculino , Gradação de Tumores , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Nefrectomia , Vigilância da População , Curva ROC , Intensificação de Imagem Radiográfica , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
El objetivo fue determinar en qué grado variables motivacionales y de capital cultural influyen en dos dimensiones del comportamiento lector (escolar y extraescolar) en estudiantes de dos estratos sociales diferentes (bajo y medio). La muestra estuvo compuesta por 315 estudiantes de dos escuelas de nivel medio superior de la Ciudad de México, con edades entre los 15 y 20 años. Los resultados de los análisis de modelamiento estructural indicaron que las variables motivacionales extrínsecas tuvieron mayor relación con el comportamiento lector escolar; mientras que una combinación de las variables motivacionales intrínsecas y extrínsecas presentó una mayor relación con el comportamiento lector extraescolar. El capital cultural también influyó, en menor grado, en las dos dimensiones del comportamiento lector, pero mostrando discrepancias en relación con el estrato social de la escuela. Estos resultados sugieren una disposición motivacional y de capital cultural distinta en los participantes de este estudio para explicar la conducta lectora, ya que con respecto al tipo de lectura las principales diferencias se explicaron en términos motivacionales; y con respecto al estrato social de la escuela, las diferencias se explicaron por las variables de capital cultural. Se discuten los resultados en relación con posibles implicaciones teóricas en la explicación del comportamiento lector.
The objective was to determine to what extent motivational variables and those of cultural capital influence two dimensions of reading behavior (academic and non academic) in students from two different social strata (low and medium).The sample consisted of 315 students from two senior high schools in Mexico City, aged between 15 and 20. Results of structural modeling analysis indicated that extrinsic motivational variables had more to do with academic reading behavior, whereas the combination of intrinsic and extrinsic motivational variables was more related to non-academic reading behavior. To a lesser extent, cultural capital also showed an influence on the two dimensions of reading behavior, but with discrepancies in relation to the social stratum of the school. These results suggest a different motivational disposition and of cultural capital in the participants in this study to explain reading behavior. Regarding the type of reading, the main differences are explained in motivational terms, and with respect to the school social stratum, differences are explained by the variables of cultural capital. Results are discussed with respect to theoretical implications in explaining reading behavior.
O objetivo foi determinar em que grau as variáveis motivacionais e de capital cultural influem em duas dimensões do comportamento leitor (escolar e extraescolar) em estudantes de duas classes sociais diferentes (baixa e média). A mostra esteve composta por 315 estudantes de duas escolas de nível médio superior da Cidade do México, com idades entre 15 e 20 anos. Os resultados das análises de modelagem estrutural indicaram que as variáveis motivacionais extrínsecas tiveram maior relação com o comportamento leitor escolar; enquanto que uma combinação das variáveis motivacionais intrínsecas e extrínsecas apresentou uma maior relação com o comportamento leitor extraescolar. O capital cultural também influiu, em menor grau, nas duas dimensões do comportamento leitor, mas mostrando discrepâncias em relação com o nível social da escola. Estes resultados sugerem uma disposição motivacional e de capital cultural diferente nos participantes deste estudo para explicar a conduta leitora, já que com respeito ao tipo de leitura as principais diferenças se explicaram em termos motivacionais; e com respeito ao nível social da escola, as diferenças se explicaram pelas variáveis de capital cultural. Discutem-se os resultados em relação com possíveis implicações teóricas na explicação do comportamento leitor.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Leitura , MotivaçãoRESUMO
Several proteins have been isolated from seeds of leguminous, but this is the first report that a protease was obtained from seeds of Caesalpinia echinata Lam., a tree belonging to the Fabaceae family. This enzyme was purified to homogeneity by hydrophobic interaction and anion exchange chromatographies and gel filtration. This 61-kDa serine protease (CeSP) hydrolyses H-D-prolyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-arginine-p-nitroanilide (K(m) 55.7 µM) in an optimum pH of 7.1, and this activity is effectively retained until 50 °C. CeSP remained stable in the presence of kosmotropic anions (PO(4) (3-), SO(4) (2-), and CH(3)COO(-)) or chaotropic cations (K(+) and Na(+)). It is strongly inhibited by TLCK, a serine protease inhibitor, but not by E-64, EDTA or pepstatin A. The characteristics of the purified enzyme allowed us to classify it as a serine protease. The role of CeSP in the seeds cannot be assigned yet but is possible to infer that it is involved in the mobilization of seed storage proteins.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Armazenamento de Sementes/química , Sementes/enzimologia , Serina Proteases/química , Ativação Enzimática , Estabilidade Enzimática , Proteínas de Armazenamento de Sementes/análise , Serina Proteases/análiseRESUMO
The plastic brain responses generated by the training with acrobatic exercise (AE) and with treadmill exercise (TE) may be different. We evaluated the protein expression of synapsin I (SYS), synaptophysin (SYP), microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and neurofilaments (NF) by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting in the motor cortex, striatum and cerebellum of rats subjected to TE and AE. Young adult male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: sedentary (Sed) (n=15), TE (n=20) and AE (n=20). The rats were trained 3 days/week for 4 weeks on a treadmill at 0.6 km/h, 40 min/day (TE), or moved through a circuit of obstacles 5 times/day (AE). The rats from the TE group exhibited a significant increase of SYS and SYP in the motor cortex, of NF68, SYS and SYP in the striatum, and of MAP2, NF and SYS in the cerebellum, whereas NF was decreased in the motor cortex and the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. On the other hand, the rats from the AE group showed a significant increase of MAP2 and SYP in the motor cortex, of all four proteins in the striatum, and of SYS in the cerebellum. In conclusion, AE induced changes in the expression of synaptic and structural proteins mainly in the motor cortex and striatum, which may underlie part of the learning of complex motor tasks. TE, on the other hand, promoted more robust changes of structural proteins in all three regions, especially in the cerebellum, which is involved in learned and automatic tasks.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/metabolismo , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/biossíntese , Condicionamento Físico Animal/fisiologia , Animais , Western Blotting , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/análise , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Sinapses/metabolismoRESUMO
La presente investigación tuvo como objetivos construir una escala para medir y evaluar el autoconcepto de los(as) adolescentes, así como determinar diferencias en la estructura de este constructo en relación al sexo de los(as) participantes. La muestra estuvo conformada por 450 estudiantes de tres escuelas de nivel medio superior de la Ciudad de México (M EDAD = 16.65 años). Se elaboraron reactivos tipo Likert para cuatro dimensiones del autoconcepto (social, físico, deportivo y académico). Los resultados evidenciaron que la Escala Tetradimensional de Autoconcepto para Adolescentes (ETAA) es un instrumento de medición con propiedades psicométricas aceptables. Se presentaron diferencias respecto al sexo de los(as) participantes únicamente en la dimensión deportiva, así como en la ponderación de los factores en la estructura del autoconcepto. Derivado de los resultados, se propone el diseño de programas de intervención creados para la mejora y reforzamiento del autoconcepto, atendiendo las necesidades particulares de los (as) adolescentes.
The objective of this study were construct a scale to measure and evaluate the self-concept of adolescents and to determine differences in the structure of this construct in relation to sex of participants. The sample consisted in 450 students from three high schools in Mexico City (Mean= 16.65 years). Likert items were developed for four dimensions of self-concept (social, physical, athletic and academic). The results showed Four-dimensional Self-concept Scale for Adolescents (ETAA, by its Spanish acronym) is a measuring instrument with acceptable psychometric properties. There were differences regarding gender the participants only in sports dimension and the weighting of the factors in the structure of the self-concept. Derived from the results we propose the design of intervention programs created for the improvement and strengthening of self-concept, addressing the special needs of adolescents.
Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Adolescente , Adolescente , Autoimagem , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
As doenças cardiovasculares desempenham um importante papel na saúde pública atual, visto que representam a principal causa de morbimortalidade mundial e os mais altos custos em assistência médica. O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever os fatores de riscos cardiovasculares e as comorbidades dos pacientes atendidos em ambulatórios de cardiologia na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre, RS. Métodos: Estudo transversal de pacientes adultos do ambulatório de cardiologia geral de atenção secundária à saúde, mantido pela Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA). Entre setembro de 2009 e outubro de 2010, o estudo foi primeiramente realizado no posto de saúde da vila do IAPI, em Porto Alegre, e, posteriormente, no Hospital Universitário (HU), em Canoas. Foi utilizado um formulário padrão para a coleta de dados do prontuário médico. A análise estatística possibilitou descrever uma amostra única. Resultados: Foram analisados 204 pacientes no total. A maioria da população em estudo era composta de idosos (66%), mulheres (70,1%), brancos (83,3%), hipertensos (83,8%), sedentários (67%), com excesso de peso (85,6%) e obesidade visceral (92,1%). Quanto ao tabagismo, 12% eram ativos e 42% ex-tabagistas. A combinação de fatores de risco foi importante e identificada através da síndrome metabólica (85,0%). O cálculo do escore de risco de Framingham para um evento coronariano em 10 anos foi > 10% em 36,5% dos indivíduos. Conclusões: Foi identificada uma alta prevalência de fatores de risco cardiovasculares, suas combinações e comorbidades na população em estudo.
Cardiovascular diseases play an important role in public health today as the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and the highest costs in medical care. The aim of this study was to describe the cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities of patients seen in cardiology clinics in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre RS. Methods: Cross-sectional study of adult patients from the general cardiology outpatient clinic of secondary care, run by the Medical School of Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA). Between Sep 2009 and Oct 2010, the study was first conducted at the Health Center of IAPI, a district in Porto Alegre, and afterwards at the School Hospital in Canoas. We used a standard form to collect data from medical records. The statistical analysis allowed to describe a unique sample. Results: We analyzed 204 patients in total. Most of the study population consisted of elderly (66%), females (70.1%), whites (83.3%), hypertensive (83.8%), sedentary (67%), overweight (85, 6%) and with visceral obesity (92.1%). As for smoking, 12% were active and 42% former smokers. The combination of risk factors was important and identified through the metabolic syndrome (85.0%). The calculation of Framingham risk score for a coronary event in 10 years was > 10% in 36.5% of individuals. Conclusions: We identified a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, their combinations and comorbidities in the studied population.