RESUMO
The genus Urotrygon comprises small- to medium-sized endemic round rays on the American continent and has undergone several synonymization processes. Here, we used an integrative taxonomic approach, including meristic, morphometric, and mtDNA analyses, to resolve the particularly intricate relationship among Urotrygon munda Gill, 1863, Urotrygon chilensis (Günther, 1872), and Urotrygon asterias (Jordan & Gilbert, 1883). The latter species is currently a synonym of U. munda but is also considered the U. chilensis "northern morphotype." These taxonomic entities have historically been confounded, mainly due to their phenotypical resemblance along their geographic distribution in the eastern Pacific. We assessed 78 specimens (43 "northern" and 30 "southern morphotypes" of U. chilensis, as well as 5 U. munda) using 19 external variables for taxonomic and morphometric analysis. Distinct meristic patterns, including pectoral and pelvic ceratotrichia, vertebrae number, and thorn distribution along the dorsal midline, were observed in the series-type specimens of the three taxonomic entities. Our multivariate morphometric analyses consistently differentiated the three groups as distinct taxonomic entities, with an overall classification accuracy of 66.7%. The meristic results also provided reliable information distinguishing the three entities. Based on the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH2) and cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) genes, our phylogenetic analysis were consistent with the morphometric and meristic data, supporting these three entities as distinct species having their own evolutionary lineages. Our comprehensive approach confidently demonstrated that the northern U. chilensis morphotype matched and corresponded to the description of the Starry round ray, U. asterias, confirming its taxonomic resurrection as a valid species distinct from U. chilensis and U. munda. The geographic distribution of U. asterias spans from the tropical west coast of Mexico (including the Gulf of California) to Costa Rica, revealing that microevolutionary processes have well-defined population clades within this range. Furthermore, U. chilensis is unequivocally established as the sole Urotrygon species occurring south of the Guayaquil marine ecoregion. In addition, the public COI and NADH2 sequences available for Urotrygon hosted in the ad hoc online databases were found to be misidentified, emphasizing the need for rigorous taxonomic scrutiny in this group. Finally, our research underscores the significance of an integrative approach that combines morphometric, meristic, and molecular techniques with historical data to disentangle the complexities of closely related taxa.
Assuntos
DNA Mitocondrial , Filogenia , Rajidae , Animais , Rajidae/genética , Rajidae/anatomia & histologia , Rajidae/classificação , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Variação GenéticaRESUMO
Body morphology is a valuable feature for distinguishing teleostean fishes. However, the utility of character variation in separate body regions has yet to be tested. The taxonomy of the Gerreidae family is controversial due to character overlapping among its fish species. This work aims to analyze and compare the body shape variation in three regions, cephalic, trunk, and caudal peduncle, using landmark data and geometric morphometric methods in 17 species and five genera of the family Gerreidae. The pattern of shape variation for the cephalic region consisted of well-defined character states exclusive of each species analyzed. Shape variation in the trunk and caudal peduncle regions does not distinguish all species in this study. This study showed that the dorsal cephalic profile is highly variable among the species, therefore, shape variation in this region is useful for distinguishing Gerreidae species. In contrast, some species within the same genus share similar shape states in the trunk and caudal peduncle regions, with the most shape variation in the dorsal profile and anal fin for the trunk and in the middle of the caudal peduncle.
Assuntos
Peixes , AnimaisRESUMO
Although morphological abnormalities in several rays and skate species around the American continents have frequently mentioned, their numbers are unknown. The present work record morphological abnormalities in four Urotrygonidae species. Two anophthalmic specimens were detected (Urotrygon microphthalmum and Urobatis halleri). Two individuals lacked caudal fins (Urobatis maculatus and Urotrygon chilensis). Two round rays showed incomplete fusion of the pectoral fin to the head (U. microphthalmum and U. chilensis). Vertebral compression and fusion were found in a 6-year-old female Urotrygon rogersi. In addition, 118 abnormal batomorph specimens were gathered from the available bibliography, spanning the last six decades (1959-2021). Amblyraja doellojuradoi was the species with the highest number of abnormalities (18). The most common anomaly was an incomplete fusion of the pectoral fin with the head. Since 2010, at least 30 anomalous batomorphs have been recorded every 5 years. Sixty-nine abnormal specimens occurred in the Northern Hemisphere (1.00-60.00 N). The Cortezian (Pacific) and Southeastern Brazil (Atlantic) marine ecoregions stood out with the highest number of these specimens. Mexico recorded 58 anomalous specimens, followed by Brazil (n = 36). Biological, abiotic and anthropogenic factors are probably the leading causes. However, additional studies are necessary to elucidate these speculations.
Assuntos
Elasmobrânquios , Doenças dos Peixes , Rajidae , Animais , Brasil , Feminino , MéxicoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Octopus hubbsorum Berry, 1953 is the most important species for commercial fishing in the Mexican Pacific. However, there is a lack of information regarding population structure that could have important management implications. We tested 44 microsatellite loci in O. hubbsorum by cross-amplification from O. bimaculatus. METHODS AND RESULTS: Genetic diversity and structure was tested over 30 octopus sampled from Santa Cruz de Miramar (Nayarit, México). A total of 11 loci were successfully amplified. All loci were polymorphic with the number of effective alleles ranging from 2.13 to 23.14, while three loci significantly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. No significant LD was observed between pairs of loci (P ≥ 0.05). The application of the new markers in a O. hubbsorum population from Santa Cruz de Miramar Nayarit, México, did not showed Wahlund or isolate breaking effects due to the mixing of distinct populations. CONCLUSIONS: The loci were useful to estimate levels of pairwise relatedness and to discard the presence of recent demographic bottlenecks in the population. We consider that eight microsatellites are adequate from the 11 amplified loci.
Assuntos
Variação Genética , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , Octopodiformes/genética , Animais , Geografia , MéxicoRESUMO
Species of the genus Octopus from the northeastern Pacific are ecologically and economically important; however, their taxonomy is confusing and has not been comprehensively assessed. In this study, we performed a taxonomic evaluation of these species considering the morphological characteristics of the original descriptions, a molecular analysis of partial COI-gene sequences, and a traditional morphometry analysis of nine body measurements. Several interesting findings were obtained with our results: for instance, we updated the diagnoses of some species by including characters such as the number of lamellae per demibranch and the presence of chromatophores in the visceral sac; we deposited partial COI-gene sequences of species that had not been incorporated into the GenBank repository; and according to the morphometric analysis, we confirmed that the lengths of arms I-IV are relevant to discriminate the species under study. The taxa evaluated were morphologically, molecularly and morphometrically well-delimited; however, features such as funnel organ shape and arm length proportions in regard to dorsal mantle length are either not included in the diagnosis of the genus Octopus or overlap with other genera. Hence, this information, combined with the results obtained from the molecular analysis, supports the generic re-assignation of two of the species evaluated.
RESUMO
The fishery for octopus in Northwest Mexico has increased to over 2,000 tons annually, but to date the specific composition of the catch has been ignored. With at least three main species targeted by artisanal fisheries in the region with distinct life histories, the lack of basic biological information about the distribution, metapopulation size and structure of each species could impede effective fisheries management to avoid overexploitation. We tested if different life histories of three species of octopus could help predict observed patterns of genetic diversity, population dynamics, structure and connectivity and how this information could be relevant to the sustainable management of the fishery. We sequenced two mitochondrial genes and genotyped seven nuclear microsatellite loci to identify the distribution of each species in 20 locations from the Gulf of California and the west coast of the Baja California peninsula. We tested five hypotheses derived from population genetic theory based on differences in the fecundity and dispersal potential for each species. We discovered that Octopus bimaculoides with low fecundity and direct development (without a planktonic phase) had lower average effective population size and genetic diversity, but higher levels of kinship, population structure, and richness of private alleles, than the other two species. These features indicated limited dispersal and high local recruitment. In contrast, O. bimaculatus and O. hubbsorum with higher fecundity and planktonic phase as paralarvae had higher effective population size and genetic diversity, and overall lower kinship and population structure than O. bimaculoides. These observations supported higher levels of gene flow over a larger geographical scale. O. bimaculatus with the longest planktonic paralarval duration and therefore larger dispersal potential had differences in the calculated parameters possibly associated with increased connectivity. We propose O. bimaculoides is more susceptible to over exploitation of small, isolated populations and could have longer recovery times than the other two species. This species may benefit from distinct fishery management within each local population. O. bimaculatus and O. hubbsorum may benefit from fishery management that takes into account metapopulation structure over larger geographic scales and the directionality and magnitude of larval dispersal driven by ocean currents and population connectivity among individuals of each locality. The distribution of each species and variations in their reproductive phenology is also important to consider when establishing marine reserves or seasonal fishing closures.
RESUMO
Extracellular matrix metalloproteases and the fibrinolytic system are important protease systems interacting with each other in charge of remodeling and recycling of tissues. Their role in tumor invasion and metastasis is often discussed. In this study several metalloproteases such as MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 together with molecules from the fibrinolytic system like uPA, its receptor uPAR, and its inhibitor, PAI-1, were studied by immune-histochemistry to establish a comparison with and without metastasis. From the (118) primary tumors of Mexican patients with ductal breast cancer studied, 56% were grade II and 69% were size T2; the group with metastatic ganglia included 64 samples (54.3%). In patients with metastasis the estimated expression of MMP-3 and uPA (resp., 28% and 45%) was higher than that from no metastatic tumors; it means there is higher expression of both markers in metastatic tumors (p < 0.05). At the same time, metastatic tumors showed statistically significant lower signal of PAI-1 (24%) than tumors without metastasis (p < 0.05). We concluded that overexpression of MMP-3 and uPA, altogether with diminished expression of PAI-1 from metastatic tumors, might be a crucial step towards metastasis in ductal breast cancer. Nevertheless, additional studies in different populations are necessary to establish a pattern.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/genética , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/patologia , Metaloproteinase 3 da Matriz/genética , Inibidor 1 de Ativador de Plasminogênio/genética , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tipo Uroquinase/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores Tumorais , Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/epidemiologia , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Hospitalização , Humanos , Metaloproteinases da Matriz/genética , Metaloproteinases da Matriz/metabolismo , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gradação de Tumores , Metástase Neoplásica , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Fenótipo , Vigilância da População , Estudos Retrospectivos , Carga TumoralRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Clear cell carcinoma originating in the abdominal wall is a rare event. It is generally associated with endometrial tissue implants left behind after a caesarean section or other gynaecological operations. Its pathophysiology is complex and controversial. CLINICAL CASE: The case is presented of a 45 year-old female with history of three caesarean sections, who was seen due to having a tumour mass of 6 months onset in the anterior abdominal wall. Imaging studies confirmed its location, and due to measuring 9 by 7 cm it was suspected to be an urachal tumour. A resection with wide margins was performed. The histopathology report was of a clear cell adenocarcinoma originated in ectopic endometrial tissue, with negative margins. CONCLUSION: This is a very rare case, with few cases reported in the literature. This diagnosis should be included in tumours of the abdominal wall.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Abdominais/etiologia , Parede Abdominal/patologia , Adenocarcinoma de Células Claras/etiologia , Endometriose/complicações , Neoplasias Abdominais/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Abdominais/cirurgia , Parede Abdominal/diagnóstico por imagem , Parede Abdominal/cirurgia , Adenocarcinoma de Células Claras/diagnóstico por imagem , Adenocarcinoma de Células Claras/cirurgia , Cesárea/efeitos adversos , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Doença Iatrogênica , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , ÚracoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Medullary breast cancer is a rare type, considered of good prognosis. OBJECTIVE: To know the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the population attended in the Hospital Juarez de Mexico, to know if they are alike to described worldwide and if the treatments proposed internationally are applicable for this hospitable center. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis. Reviewing the records with histopathologic diagnosis of medullary breast cancer from February 1993 to February 2011. Finding 41 patients in the oncology unit of the institution. RESULTS: We report an incidence of 3.04%, originating in 11 Mexican States, with a low to middle socioeconomic level in 39.02%. The average age at the time of diagnosis was 50 years. No family history was reported but some patients had medical history for type 2 diabetes, hypertension and previous breast cancer. 63.41% were menopausal. The average clinical size of the tumor was 58 mm. The 63% of the cases were located in the left breast. The 53.1% were clinical stages I and II, 46.3% were clinical stages III and in 9.6% of the cases primary tumor could not be assessed. Only 47% of the patients had positive axillary lynph nodes at diagnosis. The inmunohistochemestry was only reported in 14 of the 41 patients, according to the molecular classification of breast cancer: 8 were triple negative, 2 luminal A, 1 luminal B and 3 Her2neu. CONCLUSIONS: The Mexican population presents epidemiological and clinical characteristics similar to those patients described in other studies worldwide.
Antecedentes: el carcinoma de mama, variante medular, es poco frecuente y de buen pronóstico. Objetivo: conocer las características epidemiológicas y clínicas de la población atendida en el Hosital Juárez de México, saber si se asemejan a las descritas a nivel mundial y si los tratamientos propuestos internacionalmente son aplicables para este centro hospitalario. Material y métodos: estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo de 41 expedientes de pacientes con cáncer de mama tipo medular atendidas entre febrero de 1993 y febrero 2011. Resultados: se encontró que la incidencia de cáncer de mama de tipo medular fue de 3.04% en pacientes originarias de 11 estados mexicanos, con edad promedio de 50 años, nivel socioeconómico medio bajo para 39.02%, sin antecedentes familiares pero sí personales patológicos para: diabetes mellitus tipo 2, hipertensión arterial sistémica y cáncer de mama previo. Eran postmenopáusicas 63.41%. El promedio del tamaño clínico del tumor fue 58 mm, localizado en 63% de los casos en la mama izquierda. Los estadios clínicos fueron: 53.1% en I y II, 46.3% en III y 9.6% no etapificable. El 47% de las pacientes tenía ganglios linfáticos axilares positivos al momento del diagnóstico. La inmunohistoquímica sólo se reportó en 14 de las 41 pacientes; de acuerdo con la clasificación molecular para cáncer de mama: 8 fueron triple negativo, 2 luminal A, 1 luminal B y 3 Her2Neu. Conclusión: la población mexicana tiene características epidemiológicas y clínicas similares a las de las pacientes descritas en estudios internacionales.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Carcinoma Medular/epidemiologia , Idoso , Biomarcadores Tumorais , Neoplasias da Mama/química , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Carcinoma Medular/química , Carcinoma Medular/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Medular/patologia , Carcinoma Medular/cirurgia , Comorbidade , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Incidência , Menopausa , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/epidemiologia , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/patologia , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/química , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cancer is the second cause of death in Mexico. The Juarez Hospital of Mexico is a highly specialized general hospital in which the frequency of cancer treated at the Oncology Unit is a representative sample of the frequency of cancer in the country. OBJECTIVE: To learn about the frequency of presentation of tumors diagnosed in a third level hospital. METHODS: We reviewed all the biopsies and surgical specimens diagnosed as cancer or malignant tumors registered in the pathology unit during the years 2006 to 2010. We grouped the cases by age, sex, and anatomic site. RESULTS: We identified the 10 most common cancers for both sexes, age groups and sex affected, raising the chances of early detection campaigns reinforce for the most common cancers and try to increase control and cure rates and improve coverage of the economically weak, for their integration into health systems. CONCLUSIONS: Information obtained reflects the reality of the country to the general population without entitlements. That in our country women suffer more than men of cancer that breast neoplasms and genital tract are the most frequent, and timely detection systems exist and should be strengthened to achieve greater eligible for early identification of cases in our population.
Antecedentes: el cáncer es la segunda causa de muerte en México. El Hospital Juárez de México es una institución general de alta especialidad, por lo que la frecuencia de pacientes con cáncer atendidos en su Unidad de Oncología es una muestra representativa de la frecuencia de cáncer en el país. Objetivo: conocer la estadística de tumores diagnosticados en un hospital de tercer nivel. Material y métodos: estudio retrospectivo efectuado con base en la revisión de los expedientes guardados en los archivos de Anatomía Patológica de pacientes atendidos entre los años 2006 y 2010. Se registraron todos los casos positivos a cáncer de material obtenido mediante biopsia o pieza quirúrgica. Se agruparon por edad, sexo y sitios anatómicos. Resultados: se identificaron las 10 neoplasias más frecuentes en uno y otro sexo, los grupos de edad, y sexo más afectado. Conclusiones: la información obtenida refleja la realidad del país de población abierta no derechohabiente. En México, las mujeres padecen más cáncer que los hombres; las neoplasias de mama y tracto genital son las más frecuentes. Deben reforzarse los sistemas de detección oportuna para que la identificación de casos tempranos sea mayor en nuestra población.
Assuntos
Hospitais Urbanos/estatística & dados numéricos , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Especificidade de Órgãos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Distribuição por Sexo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Malignant degeneration of pilonidal sinus is a rare complication observed mainly in recurrent chronic cases of the disease, associated to a very bad prognosis. In the world's literature we find it like an infrequent entity. In Spain had reviewed 367 patients with simple and complicated pilonidal cysts. We found three cases (0.81%) of epidermoid carcinoma. CLINICAL CASE: Men's 60 years of age, with clinical picture of 50 years of evolution with the presence of sacral tumor, is resection and histopathological reporting of pilonidal cyst; taking evolution at healing, with necrotic edges; resection of these will decide and report is squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Pilonidal sinus epidermoid carcinoma is an infrequent disease predicting for very poor outcome.
Antecedentes: la degeneración maligna es una complicación rara, observada principalmente en enfermedad pilonidal crónica recurrente y se asocia con muy mal pronóstico. En la bibliografía mundial se encuentra como una entidad poco frecuente. En España se revisaron 367 pacientes afectados de quiste pilonidal, simple o complicado. Entre ellos se encontraron tres casos (0.81%) de carcinoma epidermoide con quiste pilonidal. Caso clínico: paciente masculino de 60 años de edad, con cuadro clínico de 50 años de evolución de un tumor sacro. Luego de la exéresis el reporte histopatológico fue de quiste pilonidal; la evolución fue tórpida en la cicatrización, con bordes necróticos que se resecaron y el reporte fue: carcinoma epidermoide. Conclusión: el carcinoma epidermoide de sinus pilonidal es una enfermedad infrecuente asociada con muy mal pronóstico.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/etiologia , Seio Pilonidal/complicações , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/etiologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/radioterapia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/secundário , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirurgia , Diferenciação Celular , Terapia Combinada , Desbridamento , Progressão da Doença , Evolução Fatal , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/secundário , Neoplasias Pulmonares/secundário , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Necrose , Seio Pilonidal/patologia , Seio Pilonidal/cirurgia , Radioterapia Adjuvante , Região Sacrococcígea/patologia , Região Sacrococcígea/cirurgia , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/patologia , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/radioterapia , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/cirurgia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is diagnosed in pregnant women during pregnancy or the first year after childbirth, and is the second leading cause of death among women of reproductive age. We don't know the frequency of this disease or the characteristics of the women affected at the Juarez Hospital of Mexico. This paper analyzed the cases of pregnant women diagnosed with breast cancer treated in the Oncology Department over a period of 10 years (1990-2000). METHODS: We performed a retrospective descriptive study of pregnant women diagnosed with breast cancer, treated at the hospital. Of the cases found, the following indicators were studied: maternal age, type of cancer, weeks of gestation at the time of diagnosis, resolution of pregnancy and perinatal outcome, and treatment monitoring. Descriptive statistics were performed using measures of central tendency and dispersion. RESULTS: There were 14 cases of pregnant women with breast cancer. The mean age of patients was 28 years, with a mean of 23 weeks gestation at diagnosis. The resolution of pregnancy was favorable in 73% of cases. 78.6% of the patients were treated, 72.7% had follow-up for 2 years that found 62.5% of patients without tumor activity. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of pregnant women with breast cancer is low, affecting young people. The choice of treatment allowed the resolution of pregnancy and survival of women without tumor activity.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/epidemiologia , Complicações Neoplásicas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Mama/terapia , Autoexame de Mama , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/terapia , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Seguimentos , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Mamografia , Mastectomia , Idade Materna , México/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Complicações Neoplásicas na Gravidez/diagnóstico por imagem , Complicações Neoplásicas na Gravidez/terapia , Resultado da Gravidez , Transtornos Puerperais/epidemiologia , Transtornos Puerperais/terapia , Radioterapia Adjuvante , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Germ cell tumors of the testis represent 1% of all cancers in males. The mean age of occurrence is between 15 and 35 years. Early diagnosis and accuracy of staging are factors that have an impact in survival. According with stage I SO in nonseminoma tumors, there are three management options. Choice among them is based on the risk of recurrence, their morbidity and informed consent of the patient. The objective of this paper is to present the first results of retroperitoneal laparoscopic lymphadenectomy (RLL) in testicular germ cell nonseminoma tumors stage I S-0 at the Oncology Unit of Hospital Juarez de México. METHODS: Retrospective study of the data base of patients diagnosed with nonseminomatous testicular cancer Stage I, S-0 and subject to retroperitoneal laparoscopic lymphadenectomy in the period between May 2010 to December 2011. RESULTS: Ten patients underwent transperitoneal retroperitoneal laparoscopic lymphadenectomy with modified limits, ipsilateral to the affected testicle, 70% were stage I-A, showing a nodal count of 15.3 nodes. None suffered from metastases. The followup mean for all patients was 9.6 months. One patient suffered retroperitoneal relapse off lymphadenectomy's reach 10 months after the original surgery. CONCLUSION: Retroperitoneal laparoscopic lymphadenectomy is a safe procedure with reasonable morbidity, hospital stay and nodal count. It requires a surgeon expert in laparoscopic techniques.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Embrionário/cirurgia , Laparoscopia/métodos , Excisão de Linfonodo/métodos , Neoplasias Testiculares/cirurgia , Adulto , Biomarcadores Tumorais , Perda Sanguínea Cirúrgica , Carcinoma Embrionário/sangue , Carcinoma Embrionário/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Embrionário/patologia , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Gonadotropina Coriônica/sangue , Terapia Combinada , Preservação da Fertilidade , Humanos , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/sangue , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Orquiectomia , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios , Espaço Retroperitoneal , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Testiculares/sangue , Neoplasias Testiculares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Testiculares/patologia , Adulto Jovem , alfa-Fetoproteínas/análiseRESUMO
In Mexico and elsewhere in the Caribbean, the queen conch Strombus gigas is an endangered species. Understanding the genetic connectivity of their populations will support management strategies for long-term conservation of the species. Genetic diversity and population differentiation was assessed from samples collected at Banco Chinchorro and Isla Cozumel in the Mexican Caribbean and at Arrecife Alacranes in the Gulf of Mexico. Samples were obtained from the commercial capture at Banco Chinchorro (n = 50) and Isla Cozumel (n = 40) on March 2004. On November 2004, a non-invasive method for the Arrecife Alacranes sampling was applied, taking the hemolymph of live animals (n = 65) and releasing them to the wild. The mitochondrial DNA variation at two genes (COI and Cyt-b) was analyzed. Genetic diversity at the three locations ranged between 0.55-0.65 in COI and 0.87-0.94 in Cyt-b, showing no bottleneck evidences. A non-significant fixation index (F(ST) = 0.019, p = 0.161) and a Maximum Parsimony Network tree that did not show particular clades associated with any of the geographical locations, suggested a lack of statistically significant genetic differentiation among populations. Nevertheless, the cline patterns observed in both genetic diversity and haplotypic frequencies from Banco Chinchorro through Arrecife Alacranes, and the larger genetic distance between these locations from those between Isla Cozumel, Banco Chinchorro and Arrecife Alacranes, suggest the possibility of a pattern of isolation-by distance. The role of the main current systems over the potential genetic differences in S. gigas populations along the Mexican Caribbean, and the conservation management of S. gigas at these locations as discrete units is discussed.
Assuntos
Espécies em Perigo de Extinção , Variação Genética , Caramujos/classificação , Caramujos/genética , Animais , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Geografia , Haplótipos , México , Dinâmica PopulacionalRESUMO
In Mexico and elsewhere in the Caribbean, the queen conch Strombus gigas is an endangered species. Understanding the genetic connectivity of their populations will support management strategies for long term conservation of the species. Genetic diversity and population differentiation was assessed from samples collected at Banco Chinchorro and Isla Cozumel in the Mexican Caribbean and at Arrecife Alacranes in the Gulf of Mexico. Samples were obtained from the commercial capture at Banco Chinchorro (n=50) and Isla Cozumel (n=40) on March 2004. On November 2004, a non-invasive method for the Arrecife Alacranes sampling was applied, taking the hemolymph of live animals (n=65) and releasing them to the wild. The mitochondrial DNA variation at two genes (COI and Cyt-b) was analyzed. Genetic diversity at the three locations ranged between 0.55-0.65 in COI and 0.87-0.94 in Cyt-b, showing no bottleneck evidences. A non-significant fixation index (F ST=0.019, p=0.161) and a Maximum Parsimony Network tree that did not show particular clades associated with any of the geographical locations, suggested a lack of statistically significant genetic differentiation among populations. Nevertheless, the cline patterns observed in both genetic diversity and haplotypic frequencies from Banco Chinchorro through Arrecife Alacranes, and the larger genetic distance between these locations from those between Isla Cozumel, Banco Chinchorro and Arrecife Alacranes, suggest the possibility of a pattern of isolation-by distance. The role of the main current systems over the potential genetic differences in S. gigas populations along the Mexican Caribbean, and the conservation management of S. gigas at these locations as discrete units is discussed. Rev. Biol. Trop. 59 (3): 1115-1126. Epub 2011 September 01.
El caracol rosado Strombus gigas es una especie amenzada en México y otros sitios del Caribe. Su conservación a largo plazo requiere la comprensión de la conectividad entre sus poblaciones. En este estudio se evaluó la diversidad y diferenciación genética de muestras recolectadas en tres sitios del Caribe y Golfo de México adyacentes a la Península de Yucatán. Las muestras se obtuvieron de la captura comercial en Banco Chinchorro (n=50) e Isla Cozumel (n=40) en marzo de 2004. En noviembre de 2004 se obtuvieron muestras de Arrecife Alacranes (n=65) de animales vivos, mediante un método no invasivo diseñado para la obtención de hemolinfa; los organismos muestreados se liberaron de vuelta al medio natural. Se analizó la diversidad genética de dos genes del ADN mitocondrial (COI y Cyt-b). La diversidad genética en las tres localidades varió entre 0.55 - 0.65 en COI y 0.87 - 0.94 en Cyt-b no indicando reducción por cuello de botella. Un índice de fijación no significativamente diferente de cero (F ST=0.019, p=0.161) y un árbol en Red de Máxima Parsimonia que no mostró clados particulares asociados con localidades específicas, sugiere que no hay diferencias genéticas significativas entre sitios. Sin embargo, los patrones clinales observados en la diversidad genética y en las frecuencias haplotípicas, así como la mayor distancia genética registrada entre las localidades más alejadas (Banco Chinchorro y Arrecife Alacranes) sugiere un posible un patrón de aislamiento por distancia. Se discute el papel de los sistemas de corrientes principales del Caribe mexicano sobre la posible diferenciación genética de S. gigas. Asimismo, se discute el manejo de las localidades estudiadas como unidades discretas.
Assuntos
Animais , Espécies em Perigo de Extinção , Variação Genética , Caramujos/classificação , Caramujos/genética , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Geografia , Haplótipos , México , Dinâmica PopulacionalRESUMO
Males are affected from primary extragonadal germ cell tumors with a frequency of 2 to 5%. There is a high incidence of infertility of more than 60% and most of the cases have azoospermia due to testicular damage. The hormonal profile of these patients shows normal luteinizing hormone, normal follicle stimulating hormone and normal testosterone and estradiol. We communicate the case of a male who had a primary retroperitoneal germ cell tumor with a low title of chorionic gonadotropin, elevated estradiol and normal testosterone, prolactin and seminogram. Before beginning treatment with chemotherapy, his wife became pregnant delivering twins, both males. The patient was treated with chemo and radiotherapy after which he became azoospermic with an increase in both luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating, decreased levels of estradiol and without alteration in prolactin and testosterone. The pituitary testicle axis was affected by the tumor, but the microenvironment of the testicles did not seem to be damaged only after initiating treatment.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Retroperitoneais/fisiopatologia , Seminoma/fisiopatologia , Testículo/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Azoospermia/sangue , Azoospermia/etiologia , Gonadotropina Coriônica/sangue , Cisplatino/administração & dosagem , Cisplatino/efeitos adversos , Terapia Combinada , Ciclofosfamida/administração & dosagem , Ciclofosfamida/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Fertilidade , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/sangue , Humanos , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisário/fisiologia , Recém-Nascido , Hormônio Luteinizante/sangue , Masculino , Gravidez , Gravidez Múltipla , Radioterapia Adjuvante/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias Retroperitoneais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Retroperitoneais/radioterapia , Seminoma/tratamento farmacológico , Seminoma/radioterapia , Testosterona/sangue , GêmeosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Most of the information in medical literature report diverse factors of breast cancer, which are related to the reproductive life of the woman. It is mentioned that menarche before the 12 years elevates the relative risk of this disease, in comparison with its appearance after the 13 years. OBJECTIVE: To determine if early menarche is a risk factor associated to breast cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective, observational and descriptive study included 162 women with breast cancer from a 3 years period (2002-2004), in the Juarez Hospital of Mexico. In addition other well known risk factors for breast cancer were evaluated. The statistical analysis was made with the software program SPSS; the descriptive analysis was made by means of summary of statistics, histograms, box and bar charts. RESULTS: Early menarche doesn't have correlation with breast cancer nor with the appearance of the disease in early ages; it was present in the 12.3% (n = 20) of the patients; the menarche initiated between 12 and 13 years in 64.4% (n = 104.3) of the cases. The average age at the time of the diagnosis of breast cancer in the early menarche group was of 55 years and for the group in general of 47.6 years. The factor that seems to be related to breast cancer is overweight and obesity with 54.26 and 17.11% respectively, with an average body mass index of 27.7 kg/m2. CONCLUSIONS: There was not a correlation between early menarche as risk factor for breast cancer neither between the reproductive risk factors considered habitual and increased risk of breast cancer. Overweight and obesity seem to be related to the appearance of the disease, reason why it is required to investigate this with different random control groups in the country. We propose to study other factors that may be implicated in the genesis of breast cancer such as inflammatory factors, similar insulin growth factors and hyperinsulinism.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Menarca , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
La osteocondromatosis múltiple es una alteración familiar de tipo autosómico dominante caracterizada por exostosis múltiple, lesiones que se originan en el cartílago epifisario y secundariamente desarrollan condrosarcomas. La edad promedio de esta presentación es de 31 años. Reportamos el caso de una mujer de 21 años con exostosis múltiple que desarrolló condrosarcoma en la pelvis. Radiográficamente la neoplasia se originaba en la pelvis con destrucción de la rama pélvica derecha. Se trató quirúrgicamente con hemipelvectomía y posteriormente recibió quimioterapia y radioterapia. Histológicamente se observó condrosarcoma de bajo grado de malignidad. Presentó metástasis pulmonares y falleció.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Neoplasias Pélvicas , Condrossarcoma , Encondromatose , Hemipelvectomia , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Exostose Múltipla Hereditária/diagnóstico , Úmero/patologiaRESUMO
El tumor fibroso solitario es un tumor raro, benigno, que se origina de una cavidad serosa. Aparece como masa mediastinal pediculada o polipoide que se adhiere a la pleura parietal o visceral. Comunicamos el caso de un hombre de 73 años de edad con un tumor mediastinal que ocupaba la mitad del hemitórax izquierdo. Se resecó el tumor, el cual tenía un peso de 3,900 g, medía 16 ï 15 cm, era blanco grisáceo, de aspecto fibroso y firme. Desde el punto de vista histológico, se caracterizaba por células fusiformes homogéneas con áreas de fibrosis y hialinización del estroma. Se discuten los hallazgos histopatológicos, radiológicos y clínicos.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Mediastino , Neoplasias de Tecido Fibroso , Mesenquimoma , Tórax/patologiaRESUMO
Se presentan 24 casos de mujeres con cáncer del cérvix uterino, estadio clínico IB (75 por ciento fueron IB1 y 25 por ciento IB2) que fueron sometidas a histerectomía radical tipo III con linfadenectomía pélvica bilateral. El promedio de edad fue de 42.5 años (rango de 29 a 68 años). El 37.5 por ciento fueron asintomáticas. La sintomatología más frecuente fue el flujo y el sangrado transvaginal. El tipo histológico más común fue epidermoide (75 por ciento). El tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue de 3:56 horas. El sangrado promedio fue 550 mL. No se presentaron complicaciones posoperatorias. Sólo hubo una defunción y se debió a enfermedad metastática pulmonar. La supervivencia promedio a 24 meses de seguimiento fue de 95 por ciento. La histerectomía radical es un procedimiento con alto porcentaje de curabilidad y mínimas complicaciones para el manejo del cáncer cervicouterino en centros especializados.