RESUMO
Hurood cheese (HC) and Jueke (Jk) are 2 traditional fermented dairy products produced from raw milk (RM) in the Inner Mongolia region of China. They have a long history of production and consumption. The microbial compositions of RM, HC, and Jk vary greatly, and are influenced by their geographical origins and unique processing methods. In this study, 2 batches of RM, HC, and Jk samples were collected (April and August 2015) from the Zhenglan Banner, a region located in the southern part of Inner Mongolian belonging to the Xilingol league prefecture. The bacterial and fungal diversities of the samples were determined by 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA gene sequence analysis, respectively. A total of 112 bacterial and 30 fungal sequences were identified, with Firmicutes and Ascomycota being the predominant phyla for bacteria and fungi, respectively. Lactococcus and Lactobacillus were identified as the main bacterial genera, whereas Kluyveromyces was the predominant fungus identified in the 3 dairy products. Different bacterial and fungal compositions were observed in RM, HC, and Jk samples collected at different times. These results suggested that time of production may be an important factor influencing the microbial diversity present in RM, HC, and Jk.
Assuntos
Produtos Fermentados do Leite/microbiologia , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Leite/microbiologia , Animais , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Biodiversidade , Queijo/microbiologia , China , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Fungos/genética , Fungos/isolamento & purificação , Leite/química , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , RNA Ribossômico 18S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
The aim of this study is to explore the effect of narrow band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) on the chemokine receptor CCR6 mRNA levels in patients with psoriasis. Psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) values were recorded before and after the treatment with NB-UVB phototherapy of 30 psoriasis vulgaris patients. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method was used to detect the expression level of CCR6 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and compared with 30 healthy subjects. The PASI value of the 30 psoriasis vulgaris patients decreased significantly after 15 iterations of phototherapy treatment (P < 0.01). The expression level of CCR6 mRNA in psoriasis patients was significantly higher than in the healthy controls (P < 0.01), while the expression level of CCR6 mRNA decreased significantly after phototherapy (P < 0.01). Reduction of CCR6 level may be one of the mechanisms through which NB-UVB can treat psoriasis.
Assuntos
Quimiocina CCL2/genética , Psoríase/genética , Psoríase/terapia , Receptores CCR6/genética , Terapia Ultravioleta/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Leucócitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) is one of the major aquaculture species around the world and supports an important segment of the aquaculture industry in China. In this study, we used ten microsatellite markers to detect genetic diversity within six R. philippinarum populations and genetic differentiation between them. A total of 109 alleles were detected across all loci. Compared to wild populations (N(A) = 8.4-9.1 alleles/locus, H(E) = 0.75-0.77, H(O) = 0.67-0.73), hatchery stocks showed less genetic variation as revealed in lower number of alleles and lower heterozygosity (N(A) = 7.4-7.5 alleles/locus, H(E) = 0.72-0.75, H(O) = 0.68-0.70), indicating that a bottleneck effect has occurred in hatchery history. Significant genetic differentiation was observed between cultured stocks (P < 0.05), and between cultured and wild populations (P < 0.05). Phylogenetic analysis showed a clear separation of the northern three populations and the southern three populations, suggesting that geographically separated populations of R. philippinarum could be genetically differentiated with limited genetic information exchanged between them. The information obtained in this study indicates that the northern and southern populations of R. philippinarum should be managed separately in hatchery practices for the preservation of genetic diversity in wild populations.