RESUMO

A Medicina Veterinária de pequenos animais (pets) emprega contingente significativo de profissionais. Além das competências e proficiências tradicionais da Medicina Veterinária, se faz necessário o aprendizado de como gerir as carreiras e as empresas relacionadas à profissão. Os objetivos deste artigo são: analisar o modelo americano de implantação das SKAs (Skills, Knowledge, Aptitudes and Attitudes Habilidades, Conhecimento, Aptidões e Atitudes)nos cursos de Medicina Veterinária; analisar o ensino da Administração nos cursos superiores de Medicina Veterinária no Brasil e propor medidas para eventual melhoria curricular. O estudo baseou-se em questionários enviados aos coordenadores dos cursos de Medicina Veterinária do estado de São Paulo, aos profissionais Médicos Veterinários atuantes no setor de pequenos animais e na análise das grades curriculares desses cursos. Apesar de a maioria dos coordenadores (56%) afirmarem que o ensino da Administração é generalista, para 88% dos profissionais, as disciplinas eram voltadas ao agronegócio. Cerca de 68% dos coordenadores classificaram a Administração como área do conhecimento de grande importância para o graduado. Cerca de 97% dos profissionais tiveram alguma dificuldade administrativa nas suas carreiras ou negócios. Apesar do ensino estar de acordo com as diretrizes legais brasileiras,para a maioria dos profissionais (66%) o ensino de Administração foi insatisfatório. A academia deveria incluir, o quanto antes, disciplinas relacionadas à Administração para o segmento pet, buscando contribuir para melhorar o desempenho econômico e financeiro dos profissionais.(AU)

The veterinary medicine of small animals (pets) employs significant contingent of professionals. Besides the traditional skills and proficiencies of veterinary medicine, it is necessary to learn how to manage the careers and the companies related to the profession. The objectives of this article are: to analyze the American model of implementation of SKAs(Skills, Knowledge, Attitudes and Attitudes) in the courses of veterinary medicine; to analyze the teaching of the Administration in the superior courses of veterinary medicine in Brazil and to propose measures for eventual curricular improvement. The study was based on questionnaires sent to the coordinators of veterinary medicine courses in the stateof São Paulo, to the veterinary professionals working in the small animal sector and to the analysis of the curricula ofthese courses. Although most of the coordinators (56%) affirm that the teaching of the Administration is generalist, for 88% of the professionals, the disciplines were focused on agribusiness. About 68% of the coordinators classified theAdministration as an area of knowledge of great importance for the graduate. About 97% of the professionals had some administrative difficulties in their careers or business. Although education was in accordance with Brazilian legal guidelines, for most professionals (66%) the teaching of Administration was unsatisfactory. The academy should include, as soon as possible, disciplines related to the Administration for the pet segment, seeking to contribute to improve the economic and financial performance of professionals.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

A Medicina Veterinária de pequenos animais (pets) emprega contingente significativo de profissionais. Além das competências e proficiências tradicionais da Medicina Veterinária, se faz necessário o aprendizado de como gerir as carreiras e as empresas relacionadas à profissão. Os objetivos deste artigo são: analisar o modelo americano de implantação das SKAs (Skills, Knowledge, Aptitudes and Attitudes – Habilidades, Conhecimento, Aptidões e Atitudes)nos cursos de Medicina Veterinária; analisar o ensino da Administração nos cursos superiores de Medicina Veterinária no Brasil e propor medidas para eventual melhoria curricular. O estudo baseou-se em questionários enviados aos coordenadores dos cursos de Medicina Veterinária do estado de São Paulo, aos profissionais Médicos Veterinários atuantes no setor de pequenos animais e na análise das grades curriculares desses cursos. Apesar de a maioria dos coordenadores (56%) afirmarem que o ensino da Administração é generalista, para 88% dos profissionais, as disciplinas eram voltadas ao agronegócio. Cerca de 68% dos coordenadores classificaram a Administração como área do conhecimento de grande importância para o graduado. Cerca de 97% dos profissionais tiveram alguma dificuldade administrativa nas suas carreiras ou negócios. Apesar do ensino estar de acordo com as diretrizes legais brasileiras,para a maioria dos profissionais (66%) o ensino de Administração foi insatisfatório. A academia deveria incluir, o quanto antes, disciplinas relacionadas à Administração para o segmento pet, buscando contribuir para melhorar o desempenho econômico e financeiro dos profissionais.

The veterinary medicine of small animals (pets) employs significant contingent of professionals. Besides the traditional skills and proficiencies of veterinary medicine, it is necessary to learn how to manage the careers and the companies related to the profession. The objectives of this article are: to analyze the American model of implementation of SKAs(Skills, Knowledge, Attitudes and Attitudes) in the courses of veterinary medicine; to analyze the teaching of the Administration in the superior courses of veterinary medicine in Brazil and to propose measures for eventual curricular improvement. The study was based on questionnaires sent to the coordinators of veterinary medicine courses in the stateof São Paulo, to the veterinary professionals working in the small animal sector and to the analysis of the curricula ofthese courses. Although most of the coordinators (56%) affirm that the teaching of the Administration is generalist, for 88% of the professionals, the disciplines were focused on agribusiness. About 68% of the coordinators classified theAdministration as an area of knowledge of great importance for the graduate. About 97% of the professionals had some administrative difficulties in their careers or business. Although education was in accordance with Brazilian legal guidelines, for most professionals (66%) the teaching of Administration was unsatisfactory. The academy should include, as soon as possible, disciplines related to the Administration for the pet segment, seeking to contribute to improve the economic and financial performance of professionals.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Since lamb is a commodity, producers cannot control the price of the product they sell. Therefore, managing production costs is a necessity. We explored the study of elasticities as a tool for basing decision-making in sheep production, and aimed at investigating the composition and elasticities of lamb production costs, and their influence on the performance of the activity. A representative sheep production farm, designed in a panel meeting, was the base for calculation of lamb production cost. We then performed studies of: i) costs composition, and ii) cost elasticities for prices of inputs and for zootechnical indicators. Variable costs represented 64.15% of total cost, while 21.66% were represented by operational fixed costs, and 14.19% by the income of the factors. As for elasticities to input prices, the opportunity cost of land was the item to which production cost was more sensitive: a 1% increase in its price would cause a 0.2666% increase in lamb cost. Meanwhile, the impact of increasing any technical indicator was significantly higher than the impact of rising input prices. A 1% increase in weight at slaughter, for example, would reduce total cost in 0.91%. The greatest obstacle to economic viability of sheep production under the observed conditions is low technical efficiency. Increased production costs are more related to deficient zootechnical indexes than to high expenses.

RESUMO

The selection of offspring from the desired sex can be one of the determining factors to increase the genetic progress and farmer ́s profitability in either beef or dairy cattle. In fact, the use of sex-sorted sperm has been applied worldwide combined with artificial insemination (AI) upon estrus detection in heifers. Additionally, several researches have been performed aiming to investigate the use of sex-sorted sperm during timed AI (TAI) programs and for insemination of superstimulated donors for in vivo embryo programs. Pregnancy per AI (P/AI) of cyclic heifers inseminated in estrus with sex-sorted sperm has been reported to be approximately 75 to 80% of the P/AI of heifers inseminated with non-sorted sperm. Insemination of superstimulated cows with sex-sorted sperm has been reported to reduce the production of viable embryos. Recently, however, it has been demonstrated that P/AI and embryo production per flushing resulting from AI with sex-sorted sperm may be improved when the time of AI is postponed in relation to the time of AI with non-sorted sperm. The P/AI of non stimulated females and fertilization rates and number of embryos recovered from superstimulated females were increased when AI occurred between 16 and 24 h after the onset of estrus (i.e. 6 to 14 h before ovulation). Nonetheless, despite the improvements achieved in the last decade, there is still a significant individual variability in fertility among bulls that have their sperm se x-sorted. It is critical that the pre-determination of the sire fertility is a paramount when sex-sorted sperm is utilized in commercial AI and ET programs. Thus, the aim of this review is to discuss the main concepts related to the use of sex-sorted sperm in TAI and ET programs, addressing some strategies to increase the efficiency of the technique.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The selection of offspring from the desired sex can be one of the determining factors to increase the genetic progress and farmer ́s profitability in either beef or dairy cattle. In fact, the use of sex-sorted sperm has been applied worldwide combined with artificial insemination (AI) upon estrus detection in heifers. Additionally, several researches have been performed aiming to investigate the use of sex-sorted sperm during timed AI (TAI) programs and for insemination of superstimulated donors for in vivo embryo programs. Pregnancy per AI (P/AI) of cyclic heifers inseminated in estrus with sex-sorted sperm has been reported to be approximately 75 to 80% of the P/AI of heifers inseminated with non-sorted sperm. Insemination of superstimulated cows with sex-sorted sperm has been reported to reduce the production of viable embryos. Recently, however, it has been demonstrated that P/AI and embryo production per flushing resulting from AI with sex-sorted sperm may be improved when the time of AI is postponed in relation to the time of AI with non-sorted sperm. The P/AI of non stimulated females and fertilization rates and number of embryos recovered from superstimulated females were increased when AI occurred between 16 and 24 h after the onset of estrus (i.e. 6 to 14 h before ovulation). Nonetheless, despite the improvements achieved in the last decade, there is still a significant individual variability in fertility among bulls that have their sperm se x-sorted. It is critical that the pre-determination of the sire fertility is a paramount when sex-sorted sperm is utilized in commercial AI and ET programs. Thus, the aim of this review is to discuss the main concepts related to the use of sex-sorted sperm in TAI and ET programs, addressing some strategies to increase the efficiency of the technique. (AU)

Assuntos