RESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the nutritional status of child populations living in four counties of the province of Buenos Aires to observe differences related to particular environmental and socioeconomic contexts in the framework of the nutrition transition. During the school years corresponding to the 2008-2012 period, weight and height were measured and body mass index was calculated for 7,873 school children between the ages of 4 and 12 years from the counties of La Plata, Brandsen, Magdalena and Punta Indio. Information about the contexts of residence was obtained using self-administered structured surveys. About 40% of schoolchildren presented malnutrition, with a prevalence of overweight in La Plata, obesity in Punta Indio and undernutrition in Magdalena. The nutritional status of the study populations was associated with the socioenvironmental conditions of residence, indicating that these populations are at different stages of the nutrition transition process.
El objetivo fue evaluar y comparar el estado nutricional en poblaciones infanto-juveniles residentes en cuatro partidos de la provincia de Buenos Aires y observar si existen diferencias vinculadas a los contextos ambientales y socioeconómicos particulares, en el marco de la transición nutricional. Entre los ciclos lectivos 2008-2012, se relevó el peso y la talla y se calculó el índice de masa corporal de 7.873 escolares, entre 4 y 12 años de edad, residentes en los partidos de La Plata, Brandsen, Magdalena y Punta Indio. La información acerca del contexto de residencia se obtuvo mediante encuesta estructurada y autoadministrada. Alrededor del 40% de los escolares presentó malnutrición, y prevalecieron el sobrepeso en La Plata, la obesidad en Punta Indio y la desnutrición en Magdalena. El estado nutricional se vinculó con las condiciones socioambientales de residencia y dio cuenta de que estas poblaciones se ubican en distintas etapas del proceso de transición nutricional.
Assuntos
Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Estado Nutricional , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologia , Argentina/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Desnutrição/diagnóstico , Desnutrição/etiologia , Obesidade Infantil/diagnóstico , Obesidade Infantil/etiologia , Fatores de Risco , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
RESUMEN El objetivo fue evaluar y comparar el estado nutricional en poblaciones infanto-juveniles residentes en cuatro partidos de la provincia de Buenos Aires y observar si existen diferencias vinculadas a los contextos ambientales y socioeconómicos particulares, en el marco de la transición nutricional. Entre los ciclos lectivos 2008-2012, se relevó el peso y la talla y se calculó el índice de masa corporal de 7.873 escolares, entre 4 y 12 años de edad, residentes en los partidos de La Plata, Brandsen, Magdalena y Punta Indio. La información acerca del contexto de residencia se obtuvo mediante encuesta estructurada y autoadministrada. Alrededor del 40% de los escolares presentó malnutrición, y prevalecieron el sobrepeso en La Plata, la obesidad en Punta Indio y la desnutrición en Magdalena. El estado nutricional se vinculó con las condiciones socioambientales de residencia y dio cuenta de que estas poblaciones se ubican en distintas etapas del proceso de transición nutricional.
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the nutritional status of child populations living in four counties of the province of Buenos Aires to observe differences related to particular environmental and socioeconomic contexts in the framework of the nutrition transition. During the school years corresponding to the 2008-2012 period, weight and height were measured and body mass index was calculated for 7,873 school children between the ages of 4 and 12 years from the counties of La Plata, Brandsen, Magdalena and Punta Indio. Information about the contexts of residence was obtained using self-administered structured surveys. About 40% of schoolchildren presented malnutrition, with a prevalence of overweight in La Plata, obesity in Punta Indio and undernutrition in Magdalena. The nutritional status of the study populations was associated with the socioenvironmental conditions of residence, indicating that these populations are at different stages of the nutrition transition process.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Estado Nutricional , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologia , Argentina/epidemiologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de Risco , Desnutrição/diagnóstico , Desnutrição/etiologia , Obesidade Infantil/diagnóstico , Obesidade Infantil/etiologiaRESUMO
This paper addresses the effect of a reduction of uterine blood flow (RUB) on postcranial bone growth in rats. The objectives were: (1) to discover and characterize the changes evoked by growth retardation through a reduction in placental blood flow, (2) to see if the resulting growth retardation is different in each bone, and (3) to analyze any sex-specific features. RUB was induced by the partial bending of uterine vessels at day 1 of pregnancy. Control and sham-operated animals were also included. The animals were X-rayed at birth. The lengths and widths of the humerus, radius, and femur and pelvic length, interischial, interpubic, and pubic widths were measured. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and LSD post hoc tests. The intersubject analysis showed significant differences between groups and non-significant differences between sexes. In males, sham-operated and RUB showed significant differences in pelvic lengths and widths, and humeral, radial, femoral, and tibial widths. In females, there were significant differences only for humeral widths, radial lengths and widths, and femoral and tibial widths. We conclude that reduced blood flow delays appendicular bone growth as observed at birth. Pelvic length was more affected than that of the limbs. The widths of the pelvic and limbs bones, in turn, were more altered than the lengths, and the growth of the males more than that of the females. Partial bending of uterine vessels compromised postcranial growth, though under such disadvantageous circumstances the females proved to be more capable of growing and thus more resilient than the males.
Assuntos
Desenvolvimento Ósseo , Retardo do Crescimento Fetal/fisiopatologia , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Feminino , Masculino , Circulação Placentária , Gravidez , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Caracteres SexuaisRESUMO
El examen de cefalogramas basales permite visualizar distintas regiones del complejo craneofacial y determinar eventuales asimetrías en distintas estructuras anatómicas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el tipo y magnitud de asimetrías craneofaciales a partir del análisis cefalométrico de planos múltiples y resaltar la importancia de su estudio para la detección de patologías de crecimiento craneofacial (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Má Oclusão/diagnóstico , Má Oclusão/diagnóstico por imagem , Desenvolvimento Maxilofacial , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Distribuição por Idade , Distribuição por Sexo , Radiografia Panorâmica/métodos , Argentina/epidemiologia , Assimetria Facial/epidemiologiaRESUMO
El examen de cefalogramas basales permite visualizar distintas regiones del complejo craneofacial y determinar eventuales asimetrías en distintas estructuras anatómicas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el tipo y magnitud de asimetrías craneofaciales a partir del análisis cefalométrico de planos múltiples y resaltar la importancia de su estudio para la detección de patologías de crecimiento craneofacial