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This study investigates the role of eugenol (EUG) on CS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and how this compound is able to modulate macrophage activity. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 12 cigarettes/day/5days and treated 15 min/day/5days with EUG. Rat alveolar macrophages (RAMs) were exposed to CSE (5%) and treated with EUG. In vivo, EUG reduced morphological changes inflammatory cells, oxidative stress markers, while, in vitro, it induced balance in the oxidative stress and reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokine release while increasing the anti-inflammatory one. These results suggest that eugenol reduced CS-induced ALI and acted as a modulator of macrophage activity.
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Cardiogenesis is similar in all vertebrates, but differences in the valvuloseptal morphogenesis among non-crocodilian reptiles, birds, and mammals are noted. The origin of mesenchymal structures such as valves that regulate the passage of blood and the formation of partial septa that prevent the complete mixing of oxygen-rich and low-oxygen blood present in adult chelonians are essential in the evolutionary understanding of complete septation, endothermy and malformations, even in mammals. In this context, this study analyzed the heart morphogenesis of Podocnemis unifilis (Testudines: Podocnemididae) from the 4th to the 60th day of incubation. We identified the tubular heart stage, folding of the cardiac tube and expansion of the atrial and ventricular compartments followed by atrial septation by the septum primum, ventricle septation by partial septa, outflow tract septation and the formation of bicuspid valves with cartilage differentiation at the base. The formation of the first atrial septum with the mesenchymal cap is noted during the development of the atrial septum, joining the atrioventricular cushion on the 17th day and completely dividing the atria. Small secondary perforations appeared in the mid-cranial part, observed up to the 45th day. Partial ventricle septation into the pulmonary, venous, and arterial subcompartments takes place by trabeculae carneae thickening and grouping on the 15th day. The outflow tract forms the aorticopulmonary and interaortic septa on the 16th day and the bicuspid valves, on the 20th day. Therefore, after the first 20 days, the heart exhibits a general anatomical conformation similar to that of adult turtles.
Assuntos
Fibrilação Atrial , Humanos , Desenvolvimento EmbrionárioRESUMO
The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of different cryopreservation techniques including glycerol-based cryoprotectant combinations on the structure and viability of testicular tissues from adult collared peccaries. Tissue biopsies (3.0 mm³) from 5 different individuals were allocated to 10 different groups: fresh control; slow freezing (SF), conventional vitrification (CV), or solid-surface vitrification (SSV); each of them using three different combinations of cryoprotectants [dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) + ethylene glycol (EG); DMSO + Glycerol; and EG + Glycerol]. After thawing/warming, samples were evaluated for histomorphology, viability, proliferative capacity potential, and DNA integrity. Most effective preservation of testicular histomorphology was achieved using SF and CV with DMSO + EG. However, the use of glycerol-based cryoprotectant combinations increased the occurrence of tubular cell swelling, tubular cell loss and shrinkage from the basal membrane. Cell viability was comparable among cryopreservation methods and cryoprotectant combinations. Regarding cell proliferative capacity, the use of SF with EG + Glycerol and SSV with DMSO + Glycerol impaired the conservation of spermatogonia proliferative potential compared to other treatments. Moreover, CV with DMSO + EG was better than SF with EG + Glycerol for Sertoli cell proliferation potential. Regarding DNA integrity, less damage occurred when using SF with DMSO + EG while more fragmentations were observed when using CV with EG + Glycerol or DMSO + Glycerol as well as SSV with EG + Glycerol or DMSO + Glycerol. In sum, SF and CV appeared to be the most suitable methods for the cryopreservation of adult peccary testicular tissues. Additionally, the use of glycerol-based cryoprotectant combinations did not improve testicular tissues preservation with DMSO + EG being the most efficient option.
Assuntos
Artiodáctilos , Glicerol , Animais , Criopreservação/veterinária , Crioprotetores/farmacologia , Dimetil Sulfóxido/farmacologia , Etilenoglicol/farmacologia , Congelamento , VitrificaçãoRESUMO
Background: Galea (Galea spixii) are rodents which are especially distributed in the northeastern region of Brazil, and have economic importance as their meat is used as a source of protein by the regional population. Currently, they have received attention from researchers in studies involving their morphology. Thus, seeking to contribute information that supports their sanitary management in addition to the lack of literature on their nervous system, our objective was to describe the arterial vascularization of the base of the brain in this species, in order to identify the arterial pattern and arterial circuit behavior, as well as possible variations in these vessels.Materials, Methods & Results: Brains were obtained from 20 animals (10 males and 10 females) aged between 11 and 12 months, obtained from the Wild Animal Multiplication Center (CEMAS) of the Federal Rural Semi-Arid University (UFERSA), under the approval of CEUA/UFERSA (case number 23.091.000653/2014-26 and opinion number 15/2014), euthanized according to anesthetic protocol recommended for rodents (resolution number 714/2002 of the CFMV/ UFERSA) and preserved frozen in a freezer for an average period of 30 days. The animals were thawed and a longitudinal incision was performed in the thoracic region to allow exposure of the aortic arch. Next, they were cannulated in the cranial direction and injected with
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Background: Galea (Galea spixii) are rodents which are especially distributed in the northeastern region of Brazil, and have economic importance as their meat is used as a source of protein by the regional population. Currently, they have received attention from researchers in studies involving their morphology. Thus, seeking to contribute information that supports their sanitary management in addition to the lack of literature on their nervous system, our objective was to describe the arterial vascularization of the base of the brain in this species, in order to identify the arterial pattern and arterial circuit behavior, as well as possible variations in these vessels.Materials, Methods & Results: Brains were obtained from 20 animals (10 males and 10 females) aged between 11 and 12 months, obtained from the Wild Animal Multiplication Center (CEMAS) of the Federal Rural Semi-Arid University (UFERSA), under the approval of CEUA/UFERSA (case number 23.091.000653/2014-26 and opinion number 15/2014), euthanized according to anesthetic protocol recommended for rodents (resolution number 714/2002 of the CFMV/ UFERSA) and preserved frozen in a freezer for an average period of 30 days. The animals were thawed and a longitudinal incision was performed in the thoracic region to allow exposure of the aortic arch. Next, they were cannulated in the cranial direction and injected with
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Background: Galea (Galea spixii) are rodents which are especially distributed in the northeastern region of Brazil, and have economic importance as their meat is used as a source of protein by the regional population. Currently, they have received attention from researchers in studies involving their morphology. Thus, seeking to contribute information that supports their sanitary management in addition to the lack of literature on their nervous system, our objective was to describe the arterial vascularization of the base of the brain in this species, in order to identify the arterial pattern and arterial circuit behavior, as well as possible variations in these vessels.Materials, Methods & Results: Brains were obtained from 20 animals (10 males and 10 females) aged between 11 and 12 months, obtained from the Wild Animal Multiplication Center (CEMAS) of the Federal Rural Semi-Arid University (UFERSA), under the approval of CEUA/UFERSA (case number 23.091.000653/2014-26 and opinion number 15/2014), euthanized according to anesthetic protocol recommended for rodents (resolution number 714/2002 of the CFMV/ UFERSA) and preserved frozen in a freezer for an average period of 30 days. The animals were thawed and a longitudinal incision was performed in the thoracic region to allow exposure of the aortic arch. Next, they were cannulated in the cranial direction and injected with
RESUMO
Background: Galea (Galea spixii) are rodents which are especially distributed in the northeastern region of Brazil, and have economic importance as their meat is used as a source of protein by the regional population. Currently, they have received attention from researchers in studies involving their morphology. Thus, seeking to contribute information that supports their sanitary management in addition to the lack of literature on their nervous system, our objective was to describe the arterial vascularization of the base of the brain in this species, in order to identify the arterial pattern and arterial circuit behavior, as well as possible variations in these vessels.Materials, Methods & Results: Brains were obtained from 20 animals (10 males and 10 females) aged between 11 and 12 months, obtained from the Wild Animal Multiplication Center (CEMAS) of the Federal Rural Semi-Arid University (UFERSA), under the approval of CEUA/UFERSA (case number 23.091.000653/2014-26 and opinion number 15/2014), euthanized according to anesthetic protocol recommended for rodents (resolution number 714/2002 of the CFMV/ UFERSA) and preserved frozen in a freezer for an average period of 30 days. The animals were thawed and a longitudinal incision was performed in the thoracic region to allow exposure of the aortic arch. Next, they were cannulated in the cranial direction and injected with
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Background: Galea (Galea spixii) are rodents which are especially distributed in the northeastern region of Brazil, and have economic importance as their meat is used as a source of protein by the regional population. Currently, they have received attention from researchers in studies involving their morphology. Thus, seeking to contribute information that supports their sanitary management in addition to the lack of literature on their nervous system, our objective was to describe the arterial vascularization of the base of the brain in this species, in order to identify the arterial pattern and arterial circuit behavior, as well as possible variations in these vessels.Materials, Methods & Results: Brains were obtained from 20 animals (10 males and 10 females) aged between 11 and 12 months, obtained from the Wild Animal Multiplication Center (CEMAS) of the Federal Rural Semi-Arid University (UFERSA), under the approval of CEUA/UFERSA (case number 23.091.000653/2014-26 and opinion number 15/2014), euthanized according to anesthetic protocol recommended for rodents (resolution number 714/2002 of the CFMV/ UFERSA) and preserved frozen in a freezer for an average period of 30 days. The animals were thawed and a longitudinal incision was performed in the thoracic region to allow exposure of the aortic arch. Next, they were cannulated in the cranial direction and injected with
RESUMO
Background: Galea (Galea spixii) are rodents which are especially distributed in the northeastern region of Brazil, and have economic importance as their meat is used as a source of protein by the regional population. Currently, they have received attention from researchers in studies involving their morphology. Thus, seeking to contribute information that supports their sanitary management in addition to the lack of literature on their nervous system, our objective was to describe the arterial vascularization of the base of the brain in this species, in order to identify the arterial pattern and arterial circuit behavior, as well as possible variations in these vessels.Materials, Methods & Results: Brains were obtained from 20 animals (10 males and 10 females) aged between 11 and 12 months, obtained from the Wild Animal Multiplication Center (CEMAS) of the Federal Rural Semi-Arid University (UFERSA), under the approval of CEUA/UFERSA (case number 23.091.000653/2014-26 and opinion number 15/2014), euthanized according to anesthetic protocol recommended for rodents (resolution number 714/2002 of the CFMV/ UFERSA) and preserved frozen in a freezer for an average period of 30 days. The animals were thawed and a longitudinal incision was performed in the thoracic region to allow exposure of the aortic arch. Next, they were cannulated in the cranial direction and injected with
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In order to establish protocols for gamete recovery from accidentally killed wild animals, or to take advantage of those slaughtered by captive breeders, we assess the influence of two methods on the recovery of epididymal sperm from collared peccaries, and verify the effect of centrifugation on such gametes. Genitalia from nine animals were used. For each animal, one epididymis was processed by flotation and the other was processed by retrograde flushing, both using a buffered media based on Tris. Following recovery, sperm were evaluated for motility, vigor, viability, functional membrane integrity, and morphology. A 1-mL aliquot of each sample was centrifuged, the supernatant removed, and the pellet suspended and evaluated as fresh samples. The sperm characteristics did not differ between the samples collected by flotation or retrograde flushing (P < 0.05). Centrifugation promoted an increase in head and tail defects, thus reducing the percentage of viable sperm (P < 0.05). No other parameter assessed for both methods was affected by centrifugation. In conclusion, epididymal sperm from collared peccaries can be efficiently collected through flotation or retrograde flushing, but not when either is followed by centrifugation.
Assuntos
Epididimo/citologia , Espermatozoides/fisiologia , Suínos/fisiologia , Animais , Epididimo/fisiologia , Masculino , Preservação do Sêmen/métodos , Preservação do Sêmen/veterináriaRESUMO
O modelo de placenta artificial tem como finalidade recriar o ambiente intrauterino, mantendo a circulação fetal e realizando as trocas gasosas e, ao mesmo tempo, permitir a maturação pulmonar. A placenta artificial apresenta-se como uma estratégia de suporte extracorpórea para neonatos prematuros cujos pulmões ainda não estejam completamente desenvolvidos. Este sistema é composto basicamente por uma bomba centrífuga, um oxigenador de membrana e cânulas inseridas nos vasos fetais para renovação do sangue. As tentativas de desenvolver uma placenta artificial foram abandonadas em meados da década de 80, mas com os avanços tecnológicos, em especial com o surgimento dos oxigenadores de membrana de fibra oca e os oxigenadores não microporosos compostos de biomateriais, deixaram os pesquisadores esperançosos no desenvolvimento do modelo ideal de placenta artificial. Este artigo apresenta uma revisão dos fatos históricos e discute os avanços e perspectivas da utilização de modelos de placenta artificial na medicina veterinária.
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Opportunistic yeasts and yeast-like fungi have been recognized as important pathogens in high-risk patients. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of these microorganisms in the microbiota of captive rheas and to investigate the antifungal susceptibility of the isolated strains. Isolates representing Magnusiomyces capitatus (Geotrichum capitatum, n = 11), Trichosporon mucoides (n = 11), Trichosporon asteroides (n = 5), Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (n = 4), Trichosporon asahii (n = 3), Trichosporon cutaneum (n = 3), and Trichosporon ovoides (n = 3) were obtained from the oropharynx, cloaca, and feces of 58 animals. Most of the isolates were susceptible to antifungals in vitro; however, resistance against fluconazole (n = 1) and itraconazole (n = 2) was detected among T. mucoides. This study indicates that healthy rheas can be reservoirs of opportunistic pathogens. Primary resistance to azoles in T. mucoides obtained from these animals demonstrates the potential risk to humans.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Fungos/efeitos dos fármacos , Reiformes/microbiologia , Leveduras/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Farmacorresistência Fúngica , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Leveduras/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
There is growing interest in breeding rheas (Rhea americana) in Brazil. However, there are no data on the yeast microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract of this avian species, and the phenotypic characteristics of these yeasts are not known. Therefore, the aim of this work was to isolate Candida species from the digestive tract of rheas and to evaluate the in vitro antifungal susceptibility and secretion of phospholipases of the recovered isolates. For this purpose, 58 rheas from breeding operations in the cities of Fortaleza and Mossoró, north-eastern Brazil, were used. Samples were gathered from the oropharynx and cloaca of the animals using sterile swabs. Stool samples were collected from their pens by scraping with a scalpel blade. For the primary isolation, the material was seeded onto 2â% Sabouraud dextrose agar supplemented with chloramphenicol (0.5 g l(-1)). The isolates were identified based on morphological and biochemical features. After identification, all the strains were submitted to antifungal susceptibility testing for amphotericin B, itraconazole and fluconazole. The phospholipase activity of the Candida species isolates was also tested by culturing on egg yolk agar. Candida species were isolated from at least one anatomical site in 36/58 birds (14/17 juveniles and 22/41 adults) and in 6/10 faecal samples. Mostly, only a single species was isolated from each collection site (36/56 positive sites), with up to three species being observed only in four cases (4/56). A total of 77 isolates were obtained, belonging to the species Candida parapsilosis sensu lato (19), Candida albicans (18), Candida tropicalis (13), Candida guilliermondii (12), Candida krusei (10) and Candida famata (5). C. albicans was more prevalent in the oropharynx of the juvenile rheas when compared with adult ones (P<0.001). All tested isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B, but 16 isolates were simultaneously resistant to the two azole derivatives (11/18 C. albicans, 1/10 C. krusei, 2/19 C. parapsilosis sensu lato and 2/13 C. tropicalis). C. albicans presented a particularly high resistance rate to fluconazole (15/18) and itraconazole (13/18). Finally, 23/77 strains secreted phospholipases. In summary, healthy rheas carry potentially pathogenic Candida species in their gastrointestinal tract, including azole-resistant strains that secrete phospholipases, and are prone to disseminating them in the environment. Thus, breeding and handling these animals may have some implications for human and animal health.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Azóis/farmacologia , Candida/isolamento & purificação , Farmacorresistência Fúngica , Reiformes/microbiologia , Animais , Brasil , Candida/classificação , Candida/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida/enzimologia , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida albicans/enzimologia , Candida albicans/isolamento & purificação , Candida tropicalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida tropicalis/enzimologia , Candida tropicalis/isolamento & purificação , Candidíase/microbiologia , Candidíase/transmissão , Cloaca/microbiologia , Reservatórios de Doenças , Humanos , Metagenoma , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Orofaringe/microbiologia , Fosfolipases/metabolismo , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
The evolutionary history of Hystricognathi is associated with major transformations in their placental system. Data so far indicate that key characters are independent from size dimensions in medium to very large species. To better understand the situation in smaller species, we analyzed placental development in a spiny rat, Thrichomys laurentinus. Fourteen individuals ranging from early implantation to near term were investigated by histology, immunohistochemistry, proliferation activity and electron microscopy. Placentation in Thrichomys revealed major parallels to the guinea pig and other hystricognath rodents with respect to the early and invasive implantation, the process of trophoblast invasion, the internal organization of the labyrinth and the trophospongium as well as the establishment of the complete inverted yolk sac placenta. In contrast to systematically related small-sized species, the placental regionalization in Thrichomys was characterized by a remarkable lobulated structure and associated growing processes. Reverse to former perspectives, these conditions represented ancient character states of hystricognaths. The subplacenta was temporarily supplied by both the maternal and fetal blood systems, a rare condition among hystricognaths. The extraplacental trophoblast originating from the subplacenta was partly proliferative in mid gestation. In conclusion, the presented results indicated that only minor variations occurred in small-sized hystricognath species, independent of their systematic interrelationships. Previous views were supported that placentation in hystricognaths followed an extraordinary stable pattern, although the group had distinct habitats in South America and Africa that were separated 30-40 million years ago.
Assuntos
Placenta , Ratos/fisiologia , Saco Vitelino , Animais , Feminino , Placenta/irrigação sanguínea , Placenta/citologia , Gravidez , Ratos/classificação , Ratos/embriologiaRESUMO
O estudo taxonômico dos ectoparasitas que acometem mamíferos roedores vem aumentando com o passar dos anos, o que tem possibilitado uma maior compreensão da classificação destes organismos que afetam a saúde e bem-estar dos seus hospedeiros. Nesta linha, o presente trabalho objetivou a redescrição da placa esternal do Phthiraptera Gliricola quadrisetosa recuperado de Galea spixii. Utilizaram-se dois espécimes de G. spixii cativos do Centro de Multiplicação de Animais Silvestres da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido. Os exemplares foram anestesiados e penteados para coleta dos piolhos, durante o mês de março de 2010. Os Amblycera do sexo fêmea foram clareados e posteriormente montados entre lâmina e lamínula para análise da placa esternal, através da microscopia óptica. Através do estudo da placa esternal observou-se que esta estrutura apresenta um aspecto circular, côncavo e com espinhos, além de ser achatada dorsoventralmente.
RESUMO
The rhea are ratites birds native of the South American continent, which are considered primitive birds from the standpoint of the phylogenetic group that is highly specialized .This study aimed to characterize gross and microscopically the liver and rhea pancreas. The material was collected in a Wild Animals Multiplication Center, Mossoró-RN, Brazil, (Registration n° 14.78912 IBAMA). It was used 20 young animals aged between two and six months independent of sex. In the rhea the liver is related to the cranial apex of the heart, dorsally with the lungs, esophagus and gastric proventriculus, caudally with the gastric ventricle, the spleen, the duodenum and part of the jejunum. It was dark red color and had only two lobes, being the right lobe slightly smaller than the left. Histologically was lined by a thin connective tissue capsule and each lobe liver could be clearly identified by the presence of central veins, with sinusoids communicating with the veins. The pancreas, ventrally, showed a thin tape formed by a dorsal lobe and a ventral lobe. Longitudinally the pancreas in rhea is located in the dorsal mesentery since the liver until the cranial duodenal flexure, remaining connected the duodenal handles by ligaments. Histologically was composed of a thin capsule of dense connective tissue, with discrete lobules separated by capsular connective tissue, composed of tubuloalveolares structures and pipelines. The liver and pancreas of rhea have morphology similar to that described for domestic poultry.
As emas são aves ratitas nativas do continente sul americano, são consideradas aves primitivas do ponto de vista filogenético que constituem um grupo altamente especializado. Este estudo buscou caracterizar macro e microscopicamente o fígado e pâncreas de emas. O material foi coletado no Centro de Multiplicação de Animais Silvestres (CEMAS), na cidade de Mossoró-RN, Brasil, (Registro IBAMA n° 14.78912). Utilizaram-se 20 animais jovens com idade entre dois e seis meses independente do sexo. Em emas, o fígado se relacionava cranialmente com o ápice do coração, dorsalmente com os pulmões, esôfago e o proventrículo gástrico, caudalmente, com o ventrículo gástrico, o baço, o duodeno e parte do jejuno. Apresentava coloração vermelha escura e possuía apenas dois lobos, sendo o direito ligeiramente menor que o esquerdo. Histologicamente, era revestido por uma cápsula de tecido conjuntivo delgada e cada lóbulo hepático pôde ser identificado pela presença evidente de veias centrais, com muitos sinusoides comunicando-se com elas. O pâncreas, ventralmente, apresentava-se como uma fita fina, formado por um lobo dorsal e um lobo ventral. Longitudinalmente o pâncreas em emas localiza-se no mesentério dorsal desde o fígado até a flexura cranial do duodeno, mantendo-se preso às alças duodenais por ligamentos. Histologicamente, era composto por uma cápsula delgada de tecido conjuntivo denso, com discretos lóbulos separados por tecido conjuntivo capsular, compostos por estruturas tubuloalveolares e ductos. O fígado e pâncreas de emas apresentam padrão morfológico similar ao descrito para aves domésticas.
RESUMO
The rhea are ratites birds native of the South American continent, which are considered primitive birds from the standpoint of the phylogenetic group that is highly specialized .This study aimed to characterize gross and microscopically the liver and rhea pancreas. The material was collected in a Wild Animals Multiplication Center, Mossoró-RN, Brazil, (Registration n° 14.78912 IBAMA). It was used 20 young animals aged between two and six months independent of sex. In the rhea the liver is related to the cranial apex of the heart, dorsally with the lungs, esophagus and gastric proventriculus, caudally with the gastric ventricle, the spleen, the duodenum and part of the jejunum. It was dark red color and had only two lobes, being the right lobe slightly smaller than the left. Histologically was lined by a thin connective tissue capsule and each lobe liver could be clearly identified by the presence of central veins, with sinusoids communicating with the veins. The pancreas, ventrally, showed a thin tape formed by a dorsal lobe and a ventral lobe. Longitudinally the pancreas in rhea is located in the dorsal mesentery since the liver until the cranial duodenal flexure, remaining connected the duodenal handles by ligaments. Histologically was composed of a thin capsule of dense connective tissue, with discrete lobules separated by capsular connective tissue, composed of tubuloalveolares structures and pipelines. The liver and pancreas of rhea have morphology similar to that described for domestic poultry.
As emas são aves ratitas nativas do continente sul americano, são consideradas aves primitivas do ponto de vista filogenético que constituem um grupo altamente especializado. Este estudo buscou caracterizar macro e microscopicamente o fígado e pâncreas de emas. O material foi coletado no Centro de Multiplicação de Animais Silvestres (CEMAS), na cidade de Mossoró-RN, Brasil, (Registro IBAMA n° 14.78912). Utilizaram-se 20 animais jovens com idade entre dois e seis meses independente do sexo. Em emas, o fígado se relacionava cranialmente com o ápice do coração, dorsalmente com os pulmões, esôfago e o proventrículo gástrico, caudalmente, com o ventrículo gástrico, o baço, o duodeno e parte do jejuno. Apresentava coloração vermelha escura e possuía apenas dois lobos, sendo o direito ligeiramente menor que o esquerdo. Histologicamente, era revestido por uma cápsula de tecido conjuntivo delgada e cada lóbulo hepático pôde ser identificado pela presença evidente de veias centrais, com muitos sinusoides comunicando-se com elas. O pâncreas, ventralmente, apresentava-se como uma fita fina, formado por um lobo dorsal e um lobo ventral. Longitudinalmente o pâncreas em emas localiza-se no mesentério dorsal desde o fígado até a flexura cranial do duodeno, mantendo-se preso às alças duodenais por ligamentos. Histologicamente, era composto por uma cápsula delgada de tecido conjuntivo denso, com discretos lóbulos separados por tecido conjuntivo capsular, compostos por estruturas tubuloalveolares e ductos. O fígado e pâncreas de emas apresentam padrão morfológico similar ao descrito para aves domésticas.
RESUMO
The Galea of the semi-arid northeast (Galea spixii Wagler, 1831) is a rodent belonging to the family Caviidae. Little literature is found on this species in relation to morphology, environmental and reproductive behavior. With a view to understanding the general morphology, particularly, in the innervation of the pelvic limb of this species, ponder the sciatic nerve, which is the largest of all the nerves of the body. 10 cavies were used (five males, five females) that they had died of natural causes, originating from breeders scientific, legally licensed by IBAMA, the UFRSA, Mossoró, RN. The animals were fixed after the death in an aqueous solution of formaldehyde 10% and after 48 hours of immersion in it, were dissected to expose the sciatic nerve. Thus, the data were compiled in tables and expressed in drawings and photographs. The pairs of sciatic nerves were derived from ventral roots L6L7S1 (70%) and L7S1S2 (30%) and were distributed by the deep gluteal muscles, biceps femural, semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscles.
O preá do semiárido nordestino (Galea spixii Wagler, 1831) é um roedor pertencente à família Caviidae. Pouca literatura é encontrada sobre essa espécie em relação a sua morfologia e seu comportamento ambiental e reprodutivo. Com o objetivo de entender a morfologia geral, em foco, na inervação do membro pélvico dessa espécie, neste trabalho, foi explorado o nervo isquiático, o qual é o maior de todos os nervos do organismo. Foram utilizados 10 preás (cinco machos e cinco fêmeas) que vieram a óbito por causas naturais, oriundos do Centro de Multiplicação de Animais Silvestres da Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido (CEMAS/UFERSA). Os animais foram fixados após o óbito em solução aquosa de formaldeído 10% e, após 48 horas de imersão nessa solução, foram dissecados para exposição do nervo isquiático. Dessa forma, os dados obtidos foram compilados em tabelas e expressos em desenhos esquemáticos e fotografias. Os pares de nervos isquiáticos originaram-se de raízes ventrais de L6L7S1 (70%) e de L7S1S2 (30%) e distribuíram-se pelos músculos glúteo profundo, bíceps femural, semitendinoso e semimembranoso.
RESUMO
The Galea of the semi-arid northeast (Galea spixii Wagler, 1831) is a rodent belonging to the family Caviidae. Little literature is found on this species in relation to morphology, environmental and reproductive behavior. With a view to understanding the general morphology, particularly, in the innervation of the pelvic limb of this species, ponder the sciatic nerve, which is the largest of all the nerves of the body. 10 cavies were used (five males, five females) that they had died of natural causes, originating from breeders scientific, legally licensed by IBAMA, the UFRSA, Mossoró, RN. The animals were fixed after the death in an aqueous solution of formaldehyde 10% and after 48 hours of immersion in it, were dissected to expose the sciatic nerve. Thus, the data were compiled in tables and expressed in drawings and photographs. The pairs of sciatic nerves were derived from ventral roots L6L7S1 (70%) and L7S1S2 (30%) and were distributed by the deep gluteal muscles, biceps femural, semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscles.
O preá do semiárido nordestino (Galea spixii Wagler, 1831) é um roedor pertencente à família Caviidae. Pouca literatura é encontrada sobre essa espécie em relação a sua morfologia e seu comportamento ambiental e reprodutivo. Com o objetivo de entender a morfologia geral, em foco, na inervação do membro pélvico dessa espécie, neste trabalho, foi explorado o nervo isquiático, o qual é o maior de todos os nervos do organismo. Foram utilizados 10 preás (cinco machos e cinco fêmeas) que vieram a óbito por causas naturais, oriundos do Centro de Multiplicação de Animais Silvestres da Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido (CEMAS/UFERSA). Os animais foram fixados após o óbito em solução aquosa de formaldeído 10% e, após 48 horas de imersão nessa solução, foram dissecados para exposição do nervo isquiático. Dessa forma, os dados obtidos foram compilados em tabelas e expressos em desenhos esquemáticos e fotografias. Os pares de nervos isquiáticos originaram-se de raízes ventrais de L6L7S1 (70%) e de L7S1S2 (30%) e distribuíram-se pelos músculos glúteo profundo, bíceps femural, semitendinoso e semimembranoso.
RESUMO
The Galea of the semi-arid northeast (Galea spixii Wagler, 1831) is a rodent belonging to the family Caviidae. Little literature is found on this species in relation to morphology, environmental and reproductive behavior. With a view to understanding the general morphology, particularly, in the innervation of the pelvic limb of this species, ponder the sciatic nerve, which is the largest of all the nerves of the body. 10 cavies were used (five males, five females) that they had died of natural causes, originating from breeders scientific, legally licensed by IBAMA, the UFRSA, Mossoró, RN. The animals were fixed after the death in an aqueous solution of formaldehyde 10% and after 48 hours of immersion in it, were dissected to expose the sciatic nerve. Thus, the data were compiled in tables and expressed in drawings and photographs. The pairs of sciatic nerves were derived from ventral roots L6L7S1 (70%) and L7S1S2 (30%) and were distributed by the deep gluteal muscles, biceps femural, semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscles.
O preá do semiárido nordestino (Galea spixii Wagler, 1831) é um roedor pertencente à família Caviidae. Pouca literatura é encontrada sobre essa espécie em relação a sua morfologia e seu comportamento ambiental e reprodutivo. Com o objetivo de entender a morfologia geral, em foco, na inervação do membro pélvico dessa espécie, neste trabalho, foi explorado o nervo isquiático, o qual é o maior de todos os nervos do organismo. Foram utilizados 10 preás (cinco machos e cinco fêmeas) que vieram a óbito por causas naturais, oriundos do Centro de Multiplicação de Animais Silvestres da Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido (CEMAS/UFERSA). Os animais foram fixados após o óbito em solução aquosa de formaldeído 10% e, após 48 horas de imersão nessa solução, foram dissecados para exposição do nervo isquiático. Dessa forma, os dados obtidos foram compilados em tabelas e expressos em desenhos esquemáticos e fotografias. Os pares de nervos isquiáticos originaram-se de raízes ventrais de L6L7S1 (70%) e de L7S1S2 (30%) e distribuíram-se pelos músculos glúteo profundo, bíceps femural, semitendinoso e semimembranoso.