RESUMO
Susceptibility to antibiotics of 2060 strains of the following bacteria was studied: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella, Shigella, Proteus, Staphylococcus aureus that were isolated in 1978-79 from different infections in children hospitalized at the Hospital Infantil de Mexico. The antimicrobials submitted to the test of susceptibility were: ampicillin, amikacin, carbenicillin, cephalothin, cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. Present results are compared with previous studies.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Enterobacteriaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Pseudomonas/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções Bacterianas/microbiologia , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteus/efeitos dos fármacos , Salmonella/efeitos dos fármacos , Shigella/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Se estudio la susceptibilidad a los antibioticos de 2,060 cepas de las siguientes bacterias: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella, Shigella, Pseudomonas, Proteus y Staphylococcus aureus, aisladas durante 1978-1979 en diversas infecciones de ninos internados en el Hospital Infantil de Mexico.Los antimicrobianos sometidos a prueba de susceptibilidad fueron: ampicilina, amikacina carbenicilina, cefalotina, cefoxitina, cloranfenicol, gentamicina, kanamicina, neomicina, sulfametoxazol trimetoprin y tetraciclinas. Los resultados actuales se comparan con los obtenidos en estudios anteriores
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Bactérias , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Infecções BacterianasRESUMO
A total of 164 isolations of Serratia marcescens achieved during 1978-1979 at the Hospital Infantil de México in children with various pathology due to this bacteria were studied. Most of the cases were debilitated patients from the newborns and prematures wards and contagious and surgery departments. The most frequent isolations were from wounds and abscesses (76 cases), the same as from meningitis (22 cases) and sepsis (12 patients). Serratia marcescens showed a high degree of resistance (87-100%) to the following antibiotics: carbenicillin, colimycin, chloramphenicol, phosphomicin, ampicillin and cephalothin. To gestamicin and kanamycin, 42% of strains were sensitive. Amikacin was the most effective drug with 92% of strains susceptible to it. The history of this bacteria, its mode of transmission, frequency of infections and resistance to antibiotics found in foreign institutions are commented. Likewise, the difficulty for the precision bacteriologic diagnosis is emphasized as the possible main cause for the ignorance in Mexico of infections due to this bacteria.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Infecção Hospitalar/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/tratamento farmacológico , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Serratia marcescens/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiologia , Humanos , Serratia marcescens/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
An epidemic that occurred at the Hospital Infantil de México is reported. Salmonella poona (roup G) was isolated in 154 patients: 122 in stool cultures, 23 in blood cultures and 9 in meningitis; out of the latter, 6 were newborns under 2 months of age. The strain showed resistance to several antibiotics: ampicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin, tetracycline, carbenicillin, cephalosporine, streptomycin and sulfonamides. Seventy per cent of the strains were resistant to 500 mcg/ml (highest concentration used) and 65% to the same dose of chloramphenicol.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Resistência às Penicilinas , Infecções por Salmonella/epidemiologia , Salmonella/efeitos dos fármacos , Ampicilina/uso terapêutico , Criança , Cloranfenicol/uso terapêutico , Surtos de Doenças , Avaliação de Medicamentos , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , México , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Salmonella/classificação , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Salmonella/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
A seroepidemiologic inquest was carried out in 667 children from the county of Huixquilucan, Mexico, looking for serum antibodies against infections caused by the following microorganisms: Epstein-Barr virus; cytomegalovirus; syncytial respiratory; para-influenza 1, 2 and 3; measles; rubella; mumps; Mycoplasma pneumoniae, beta hemolytic A Streptococcus and Toxoplasma gondii. The findings are reported. Considerations are made on the incidence of these diseases in different age groups and a comparison is established with the findings in other countries, since there is no previous information in Mexico for some of the viral agents studied.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Anticorpos Antivirais/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Bacterianas/epidemiologia , Viroses/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Infecções Bacterianas/imunologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , México , Infecções por Mycoplasma/epidemiologia , Infecções por Mycoplasma/imunologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/epidemiologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/imunologia , Toxoplasmose/epidemiologia , Toxoplasmose/imunologiaRESUMO
In June 1972, an epidemic of dysentery began in a hospital ward lodging 22 children with tuberculosis. Fifteen of them developed the disease and five children died. The age of the children ranged from five months to four years. A rectal swab culture taken from all hospitalized children three weeks after the initiation of the outbreak revealed Shigella dysenteriae type 1 in five of the patients (28%). The strains isolated were susceptible to cephalothin, gentamicin, kanamycin, colistin, trimethoprim, and nalidixic acid, but were resistant to ampicillin (greater than 5,000 mug/ml), chloramphenicol (300 mug/ml), streptomycin (400 mug/ml), tetracycline (100 mug/ml), and sulfadiazine (1,000 mug per disk). Transfer experiments to Escherichia coli K-12 indicated that these strains were infected with two different plasmids; one was responsible for resistance to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, streptomycin, and sulfonamides, and the other caused resistance to ampicillin. The epidemiological and clinical importance of these findings is emphasized.
Assuntos
Ampicilina/farmacologia , Disenteria Bacilar/microbiologia , Shigella dysenteriae/efeitos dos fármacos , Pré-Escolar , Cloranfenicol/farmacologia , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Humanos , Lactente , México , Resistência às Penicilinas , Shigella dysenteriae/isolamento & purificação , Estreptomicina/farmacologia , Sulfonamidas/farmacologia , Tetraciclinas/farmacologiaRESUMO
Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium which has shown variations, as to susceptibility, to antimicrobial agents. By the plate dilution method, response to 12 different antibiotics is studied in 609 strains isolated from children admitted, or who attended the outpatient clinic of the Hospital Infantil de México, between 1973 and 1974. Ninety per cent or over, of all strains, were sensitive to eight of the antibiotics. The most effective were: gentamicin, (99.8%), cephalothin and cloxacillin (99%). Lesser sensitivity was found to penicillin (28.7%), ampicillin (33.5%) and tetracycline (49%). In general, resistance was greater in cases of surgical wounds and abscesses, and lesser in respiratory infections (pharyngeal exudates and bronchoaspirations). All strains isolated from purulent ophthalmias showed resistance to penicillin and 91%, to ampicillin.