RESUMO
In the present study, pyroligneous acid, also known as wood vinegar, has been employed as reducing and stabilizing agent in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) anchored on nanocellulose (NC). The idea is to confer the latter bactericidal properties for its typical uses such as in cosmetics and food-packing. It has been demonstrated that AgNPs can be directly produced onto NC in one-pot fashion while dramatically enhancing the kinetics of AgNPs synthesis (2 h for reaction completion) in comparison to the NC-less counterpart (10 days for reaction completion). Furthermore, NC allowed for a narrower size distribution of AgNPs. NC-supported and non-supported AgNPs had sizes of 5.1 ± 1.6 nm and 16.7 ± 4.62 nm, respectively. Immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCat) cells were then employed as model to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the AgNPs-NC compound. The latter was found not to impact cell proliferation at any formulation, while decreasing the viability by only 6.8% after 72 h. This study contributes to the development of more environmentally benign routes to produce nanomaterials and to the understanding of their impact on cells.
Assuntos
Sobrevivência Celular , Celulose , Células HaCaT , Nanopartículas Metálicas , Prata , Humanos , Prata/química , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Celulose/química , Celulose/farmacologia , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Queratinócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Queratinócitos/citologia , Tamanho da Partícula , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Acético/química , Ácido Acético/farmacologiaRESUMO
Although evidence regarding the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on mental health has increased in recent years, there is still no consensus regarding the effects of HIIT on the symptoms of depression and anxiety in a healthy population. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to investigate the effects of HIIT on depressive and/or anxiety symptoms in healthy individuals. The following four databases were searched: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and PsycINFO. Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included. We performed a random-effects meta-analysis based on standardized mean difference (SMD). The risk of bias was assessed using the RoB 2.0 tool, and the certainty of the evidence was evaluated based on recommendations GRADE. Eight RCTs evaluating 471 participants (81% female) were considered eligible for inclusion. The results of the meta-analysis showed that HIIT-based interventions had no significant effect on reducing anxiety (SMD = -0.17; 95% CI: -0.53, 0.19; p = 0.27) and depressive symptoms (SMD = -0.38; 95% CI: -1.06, 0.30; p = 0.17) compared with the passive control group. In conclusion, HIIT does not improve symptoms of depression and anxiety in healthy individuals. This finding is based on evidence of very low certainty. Therefore, the evidence is still not consistent enough to support HIIT as a viable strategy to reduce both outcomes because of the limited number of included studies and the overall quality of evidence.
Assuntos
Ansiedade , Depressão , Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade , Humanos , Ansiedade/terapia , Ansiedade/prevenção & controle , Depressão/prevenção & controle , Depressão/terapia , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como AssuntoRESUMO
Minimal Change Disease (MCD) and Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) are the main causes of nephrotic syndrome in the world. The complement system appears to play an important role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. To evaluate the deposition of immunoglobulins and particles of the complement system in renal biopsies of patients with FSGS and MCD and relate to laboratory data, we selected 59 renal biopsies from patients with podocytopathies, 31 from patients with FSGS and 28 with MCD. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory information and the prognosis of these patients were evaluated. Analysis of the deposition of IgM, IgG, C3, C1q and C4d in renal biopsies was performed. We related IgM and C3 deposition with laboratory parameters. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism version 7.0. Glomerular deposition of IgM was significantly higher in the FSGS group, as was codeposition of IgM and C3. The clinical course of patients and laboratory data were also worse in cases of FSGS, with a higher percentage progressing to chronic kidney disease and death. Patients with C3 deposition had significantly higher mean serum creatinine and significantly lower eGFR, regardless of disease. Patients with FSGS had more IgM and C3 deposition in renal biopsies, worse laboratory data and prognosis than patients with MCD. C3 deposition, both in FSGS and MCD, appears to be related to worsening renal function.
Assuntos
Complemento C3 , Glomerulosclerose Segmentar e Focal , Imunoglobulina M , Glomérulos Renais , Nefrose Lipoide , Humanos , Imunoglobulina M/metabolismo , Complemento C3/metabolismo , Glomerulosclerose Segmentar e Focal/patologia , Glomerulosclerose Segmentar e Focal/metabolismo , Glomerulosclerose Segmentar e Focal/imunologia , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Glomérulos Renais/patologia , Glomérulos Renais/metabolismo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nefrose Lipoide/patologia , Nefrose Lipoide/metabolismo , Podócitos/patologia , Podócitos/metabolismo , Adulto Jovem , Adolescente , Prognóstico , Biópsia , Síndrome Nefrótica/metabolismo , Síndrome Nefrótica/patologia , Síndrome Nefrótica/imunologia , IdosoRESUMO
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal failure worldwide. Several mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of this disease, which culminate in morphological changes such as podocyte injury. Despite the complex diagnosis and pathogenesis, limited attempts have been made to establish new biomarkers for DN. The higher concentration of Mindin protein in the urine of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus suggests that it plays a role in DN. Therefore, this study investigated whether in situ protein expression of Mindin can be considered a potential DN biomarker. Fifty renal biopsies from patients diagnosed with DN, 57 with nondiabetic glomerular diseases, including 17 with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), 14 with minimal lesion disease (MLD) and 27 with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), and 23 adult kidney samples from autopsies (control group) were evaluated for Mindin expression by immunohistochemistry. Podocyte density was inferred by Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) immunostaining, while foot process effacement was assessed by transmission electron microscopy. Receiver operative characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to determine the biomarker sensitivity/specificity. Low podocyte density and increased Mindin expression were observed in all cases of DN, regardless of their class. In the DN group, Mindin expression was significantly higher than that in the FSGS, MCD, IgAN and control groups. Higher Mindin expression was significantly positively correlated with foot process effacement only in class III DN cases. Furthermore, Mindin protein presented high specificity in the biopsies of patients with DN (p < 0.0001). Our data suggest that Mindin may play a role in DN pathogenesis and is a promising biomarker of podocyte lesions.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Nefropatias Diabéticas , Glomerulonefrite por IGA , Glomerulosclerose Segmentar e Focal , Podócitos , Adulto , Humanos , Nefropatias Diabéticas/diagnóstico , BiomarcadoresRESUMO
Ewing's sarcoma is the most aggressive connective tissue tumor, mainly affecting children and adolescents; the 5 year survival rate is only 50%. Current treatments have poor effectiveness, and more efficient treatments are being sought. Silver-based nanoparticles, such as silver chloride nanoparticles (AgCl-NPs) and silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl-NPs) nanoparticles, can be biologically produced and can release Ag+ ions into solution; however, their antitumor activity has been minimally investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antitumor potential of AgCl-NPs and Ag/AgCl-NPs against Ewing's sarcoma cells. A673 cells (Ewing's sarcoma) were treated for 72 h with 0-12.5 µg ml-1 of Ag/AgCl-NPs or 0-40 µg ml-1 of AgCl-NPs. Human cells from the RPE-1 cell line (pigmented retinal epithelium) were used as a model of nontumor cells. The RPE-1 cells were less affected by the administration of AgCl-NPs or Ag/AgCl-NPs, with small reductions in the number of cells and viability and a small increase in apoptosis rates, while lysosomal damage, changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and alterations in microfilaments or cell areas were not observed. A673 tumor cells had significantly reduced number and viability levels when treated with AgCl-NPs, with reductions of 65.05% and 99.17%, respectively, whereas with Ag/AgCl-NP treatment, reductions of 65.53% and 92.51% were observed, respectively. When treated with silver-based nanoparticles, A673 cells also showed a significant increase in ROS production and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, which culminated in an increase in the percentage of apoptosis among the population. Lysosomal damage was also observed when A673 cells were treated with the highest concentration of AgCl-NPs. In conclusion, the results showed that both AgCl-NPs and Ag/AgCl-NPs had some antitumor activity with minimal effects against healthy cells, which demonstrated the possibility of their use in cancer therapy.
Assuntos
Nanopartículas Metálicas/toxicidade , Sarcoma de Ewing/patologia , Prata/química , Adolescente , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Criança , Humanos , Potencial da Membrana Mitocondrial/efeitos dos fármacos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismoRESUMO
La hidrocefalia normotensiva es una patología caracterizada por alteración en la marcha, incontencia vesical, déficit cognitivo, hallazgos imagenológicos de ventriculomegalia comunicante y, presión normal de líquido cefalorraquídeo. Por la ambigüedad de sus síntomas y por la falta de criterios imagenológicos muy concluyentes es una patología de difícil diagnóstico inicial; el paciente muchas veces acude a distintos especialistas por síntomas aislados hasta que se relacionan los mismos y, se deriva el caso a Neurología / Neurocirugía. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 65 años que presentó un cuadro de 2 años de evolución de incontinencia urinaria tratado como alteración de la micción secundaria a una hiperplasia prostática benigna sin mejoría alguna en ese intervalo de tiempo. Luego se agregó al cuadro una alteración en la marcha que fue poco valorada por el paciente y su entorno, sin ser conscientes del déficit cognitivo hasta que se realizó la evaluación neuropsicológica. Si bien el paciente presentaba la triada clásica que caracteriza a la hidrocefalia de presión normal, no fue hasta dos años luego del inicio del cuadro que se llegó al diagnóstico y, fue intervenido quirúrgicamente. Se colocó una válvula de derivación ventrículo peritoneal de presión media, con la cual presentó una evolución favorable y, resolución absoluta de los síntomas.
Normotensive hydrocephalus is a pathology characterized by impaired gait, bladder incontinence, cognitive deficit, images findings of communicating ventriculomegaly and normal cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Due to the ambiguity of its symptoms and the lack of conclusive images criteria, it is difficult initial diagnosis pathology; the patient often goes to different specialists for isolated symptoms until they are related, and the case is referred to Neurology / Neurosurgery. We present the case of a patient who presented a 2-year history of urinary incontinence treated as an alteration of urination secondary to a benign prostatic hyperplasia without any improvement in that time interval. Then a gait disturbance was added to the picture that was poorly valued by the patient and his environment, without being aware of the cognitive deficit until a neuropsychological evaluation. Although the patient presented the classic triad that characterizes normal pressure hydrocephalus, it was not until two years after the onset of the condition that the diagnosis was reached and underwent surgery. A peritoneal ventricular shunt of medium pressure was placed, presenting a favorable evaluation and complete resolution of symptoms.
Assuntos
Diagnóstico Tardio/efeitos adversos , Hidrocefalia de Pressão NormalRESUMO
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of alpha-amylase supplementation on performance and carcass and cuts yield in broilers during finishing phase (21 to 42 days). A completely randomized experimental design with six treatments and eight replications was used: Positive Control (PC): no enzyme; Negative control (NC): without enzyme formulated with 6.34% less energy (- 6.34% ME); NC1: with 250 g ton-1 of alpha-amylase; NC2: with 500 g ton-1 of alpha-amylase; NC3: with 750 g ton-1 of alpha-amylase; NC4: with 1000 g ton-1 of alpha-amylase. Significant differences in weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion were reported with the inclusion of alpha-amylase. The NC treatment with inclusion of amylase provided improvement values of weight gain, feed conversion and feed intake, but do not was similarly in comparison to those obtained in broilers fed a diet that completely met the requirements during this phase. There was no dietary influence on carcass parameters. The use of alphaamylase was effective in improving performance in broilers fed a diet of 200 kcal kg-1 of reduced metabolizable energy.
Assuntos
Animais , Galinhas/fisiologia , Galinhas/metabolismo , alfa-Amilases/administração & dosagem , alfa-Amilases/análiseRESUMO
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of alpha-amylase supplementation on performance and carcass and cuts yield in broilers during finishing phase (21 to 42 days). A completely randomized experimental design with six treatments and eight replications was used: Positive Control (PC): no enzyme; Negative control (NC): without enzyme formulated with 6.34% less energy (- 6.34% ME); NC1: with 250 g ton-1 of alpha-amylase; NC2: with 500 g ton-1 of alpha-amylase; NC3: with 750 g ton-1 of alpha-amylase; NC4: with 1000 g ton-1 of alpha-amylase. Significant differences in weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion were reported with the inclusion of alpha-amylase. The NC treatment with inclusion of amylase provided improvement values of weight gain, feed conversion and feed intake, but do not was similarly in comparison to those obtained in broilers fed a diet that completely met the requirements during this phase. There was no dietary influence on carcass parameters. The use of alphaamylase was effective in improving performance in broilers fed a diet of 200 kcal kg-1 of reduced metabolizable energy.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Galinhas/metabolismo , Galinhas/fisiologia , alfa-Amilases/administração & dosagem , alfa-Amilases/análiseRESUMO
Resumo Este artigo analisa o trabalho doméstico remunerado no Brasil buscando articular dimensões conjunturais e estruturais, a partir das determinações inscritas na divisão sexual e racial do trabalho, que o conformam como um campo de trabalho assalariado majoritariamente ocupado por mulheres e, dentre elas, por mulheres negras, e marcado por relações de exploração e dominação conformadas pela imbricação das relações sociais de gênero, raça e classe, que atravessam a formação social brasileira. Analisa-se como o trabalho doméstico remunerado se inscreve no cerne das contradições sociais do país e como a luta das trabalhadoras domésticas e cada momento de conquista advindo desta luta movimentam reações que expressam os conflitos e antagonismos sociais inerentes a estas relações.
Resumen Este artículo analiza el trabajo doméstico remunerado en Brasil, buscando articular dimensiones coyunturales y estructurales, a partir de las determinaciones inscritas en la división sexual y racial del trabajo, que lo configuran como un campo de trabajo asalariado ocupado sobretodo por mujeres y, entre ellas, mujeres negras, y marcado por relaciones de explotación y dominación formadas por la superposición de relaciones sociales de género, raza y clase, que cruzan la formación social brasileña. Analiza cómo el trabajo doméstico remunerado está en el centro de las contradicciones sociales del país y cómo la lucha de las trabajadoras domésticas y cada momento de conquista resultante de esta lucha mueve reacciones que expresan los conflictos y los antagonismos sociales inherentes a estas relaciones.
Abstract This article analyzes paid domestic work in Brazil, seeking to articulate conjunctural and structural dimensions based on the determinations inscribed in the sexual and racial division of labor, which make it up as a wage labor field mainly occupied by women and, among them, black women, and marked by relations of exploitation and domination shaped by the imbrication of social relations of gender, race and class that cross the Brazilian social formation. The article analyzes how paid domestic work is at the core of the country's social contradictions as well as how the struggle of domestic workers and each moment of conquest resulting from this struggle trigger reactions that express the conflicts and social antagonisms inherent in these relationships.
Assuntos
Mulheres Trabalhadoras , Divisão do Trabalho Baseada no Gênero , Zeladoria/história , Relações Trabalhistas , Fatores Sociológicos , Relações InterpessoaisRESUMO
Resumo: Introdução: A pandemia de Covid-19 agrava as desigualdades sociais e torna urgente olhar para as populações vulneráveis, especialmente as mulheres. O isolamento social e a crise econômica intensificam a violência contra as mulheres e dificultam seu acesso à saúde. Desenvolvimento: O reconhecimento das vulnerabilidades sociais desse grupo na pandemia reitera a necessidade de uma formação médica atenta às desigualdades de gênero e alinhada às políticas públicas de saúde da mulher no SUS. Este ensaio tem como objetivo refletir sobre as competências necessárias aos graduandos em Medicina, buscando uma atenção integral à saúde da mulher e em diálogo com as políticas públicas vigentes e as DCN. Este texto está organizado em quatro áreas: saúde materno-infantil, saúde sexual, direitos reprodutivos e cuidados com mulheres no climatério e na menopausa. Conclusão: Observamos que, para garantir a saúde integral da mulher, as escolas médicas devem dar aos alunos oportunidades de aprender um conjunto de habilidades, para que, uma vez formados, possam: pautar sua conduta por evidências científicas, ouvir as mulheres, comunicar-se adequadamente com elas, respeitar suas singularidades em cada etapa do ciclo ginecológico, construir uma relação mais simétrica, adotar uma visão ampla de suas condições de vida e dar à mulher maior controle sobre o próprio corpo, a saúde, sexualidade e vida.
Abstract: Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated social inequalities and further exposed the vulnerability of certain groups in society, especially women. Social isolation measures and the ensuing economic crisis have led to women suffering even greater levels of violence and more limited access to health. Development: The recognition of women's social vulnerabilities during the pandemic reinforces the need for a medical education that takes heed of gender inequalities and is aligned to the public policies on Women's Health in the SUS. This essay aims to reflect on the skills needed by medical undergraduates, with a view to achieving comprehensive health care for women and in dialogue with current public policies and national curriculum guidelines. The study was organized in four areas: Maternal and Child Health; Sexual Health; Reproductive Rights and Care for Women in Perimenopause and Menopause. Conclusion: We observed that to ensure comprehensive women's health care, medical schools should give to students the opportunities to learn a skill set that will prepare them to: guide their conduct by scientific evidence, listen to women, communicate properly with them, respect their particular characteristics in each stage of the gynecological cycle, build more symmetrical relationships, adopt a broad view of their living conditions and give women greater control over their bodies, health, sexuality and life.
RESUMO
Objetivo: analisar a evolução temporal e a qualidade das informações sobre a mortalidade neonatal em Minas Gerais. Métodos: estudo ecológico e de tendência temporal, utilizando informações relacionadas as Declaração de Óbito neonatal disponibilizadas em sistema eletrônico de domínio público no período de 1996 a 2014. Foram considerados aspectos maternos e da gestação, características do parto, do recém-nascido e aspectos relacionados ao óbito neonatal para a classificação da completude e, definição do modelo polinomial para avaliação da tendência por coeficiente de determinação e correlação de Pearson. Resultados: variáveis sexo do recém-nascido (média=0,6; IC 95% 0,5-0,7), idade do óbito (média=0,3;IC 95% 0,1-0,5) e local do óbito (média=0,3;IC 95% 0,1-0,4) apresentaram excelente completude. Modelo polinomial de primeira ordem foi determinante para explicação de tendência de redução da incompletude na maioria das variáveis (82%). Conclusão: apesar da tendência de redução da incompletude, é relevante fomentar a discussão sobre o tema, tendo em vista a melhor vigilância dos óbitos neonatais (AU)
Objective: To analyze the evolution and the quality of information on neonatal mortality in Minas Gerais. Method: ecological study of time trends and using information related to dealth certificates neonatal available in electronic system of public domain in the period from 1996 to 2014. They considered aspects maternal and pregnancy, the birth and the newborn characteristics and aspects related to neonatal death for the completeness classification and definition of the polynomial model to evaluate the trend for coefficient of determination and Pearson correlation. Results: Variables sex of the newborn (mean = 0.6, CI95% 0.5-0.7), age at death (mean = 0.3, CI95% 0.1-0.5) and local of death (mean = 0.3, CI95% 0.1-0.4) showed excellent completeness. polynomial model of the first order was crucial to explaining incompleteness downward trend in most of the variables (82%). Conclusion: Despite the incompleteness downward trend, it is important to stimulate discussion on the issue, with a view to better monitoring of neonatal deaths (AU)
Objetivo: Analizar la evolución temporal y la calidad de las informaciones sobre la mortalidad neonatal en Minas Gerais. Métodos: Estudio ecológico y de tendencia temporal, utilizando informaciones relacionadas a la Declaración de Óbito neonatal disponibilizadas en sistema electrónico de dominio público en el período de 1996 a 2014. Se consideraron aspectos maternos y de gestación, características del parto, del recién nacido y aspectos relacionados al óbito neonatal para la clasificación de la completitud y, definición del modelo polinomial para la evaluación de la tendencia por coeficiente de determinación y correlación de Pearson. Resultados: Variables sexo: del recién nacido (promedio = 0,6, IC 95% 0,5-0,7), edad del óbito (media = 0,3, IC 95% 0,1-0,5) y lugar de la muerte = 0,3, IC 95% 0,1-0,4) presentaron excelente completitud. El modelo polinomial de primer orden fue determinante para explicar la tendencia de reducción de la incompletud en la mayoría de las variables (82%). Conclusión: A pesar de la tendencia de reducción de la incompletud, es relevante fomentar la discusión sobre el tema, con vistas a la mejor vigilancia las muertes neonatales (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Recém-Nascido , Mortalidade Infantil/tendências , Sistemas de Informação em Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos EcológicosRESUMO
OBJETIVO: este estudo teve por objetivo descrever o perfil epidemiológico dos nascidos vivos residentes no município de Belo Horizonte/MG, no período de 1994 a 2014. MÉTODO: trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal, retrospectiva, de abordagem quantitativa, realizada com base nos dados secundários disponíveis no Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos. RESULTADOS: os resultados evidenciaram 738.314 nascimentos no município de Belo Horizonte/MG nesse período, sendo a maioria do sexo masculino (51,1%); a termo (90,2%); com índice de Apgar entre 08 e 10 no primeiro minuto de vida (85%); com peso ao nascer entre 2500g e 3999g (86,4%); e sem a presença de anomalias congênitas (58,2%). CONCLUSÃO: o Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos representa um avanço no registro de dados e serve de subsídio para o planejamento e a implantação de políticas públicas voltadas para a saúde materno-infantil.
OBJECTIVE: this study aimed to describe the epidemiological profile of live births living in the city of Belo Horizonte, MG, from 1994 to 2014. METHOD: this is a cross-sectional, retrospective, quantitative approach based on the secondary data available in the Live Births Information System. RESULTS: the results showed 738,314 births in the city of Belo Horizonte / MG in this period, being the majority male ones (51.1%); at term (90.2%); with an Apgar score between 8 and 10 in the first minute of life (85%); with birth weight between 2500g and 3999g (86.4%); and without the presence of congenital anomalies (58.2%). CONCLUSION: the Live Births Information System represents an advance in the data registry and works as a subsidy for the planning and implementation of public policies focused on maternal and child health.
OBJETIVO: este estudio tuvo por objetivo describir el perfil epidemiológico de los nacidos vivos residentes en el municipio de Belo Horizonte/MG, en el período de 1994 a 2014. MÉTODO: se trata de una pesquisa transversal, retrospectiva, de abordaje cuantitativa, realizada con base en los datos secundarios disponibles en el Sistema de Informaciones sobre Nacidos Vivos. RESULTADOS: los resultados evidenciaron 738.314 nacimientos en el municipio de Belo Horizonte/MG en ese período, siendo la mayoría del sexo masculino (51,1%); a término (90,2%); con índice de Apgar entre 08 y 10 en el primero minuto de vida (85%); con peso al nacer entre 2500g y 3999g (86,4%); y sin la presencia de anomalías congénitas (58,2%). CONCLUSIÓN: el Sistema de Informaciones sobre Nacidos Vivos representa un avanzo en el registro de datos y sirve de subsidio para el planeamiento y la implantación de políticas públicas volteadas para la salud materno-infantil.
Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Saúde da Criança , Sistemas de Informação em Saúde , Nascido VivoRESUMO
Aquatic ecosystems worldwide have been substantially altered by human activities, which often induce changes in multiple factors that can interact to produce complex effects. Here, we evaluated the combined effects of dissolved nutrients (nitrogen [N] and phosphorus [P]; three levels: concentration found in oligotrophic streams in the Cerrado biome, 10× and 100× enriched) and oxygen (O2; three levels: hypoxic [4% O2], depleted [55% O2], and saturated [96% O2]) on plant litter decomposition and associated fungal decomposers in laboratory microcosms simulating stream conditions under distinct scenarios of water quality deterioration. Senescent leaves of Maprounea guianensis were incubated for 10 days in an oligotrophic Cerrado stream to allow microbial colonization and subsequently incubated in microcosms for 21 days. Leaves lost 1.1-3.0% of their initial mass after 21 days, and this was not affected either by nutrients or oxygen levels. When considering simultaneous changes in nutrients and oxygen concentrations, simulating increased human pressure, fungal biomass accumulation, and sporulation rates were generally inhibited. Aquatic hyphomycete community structure was also affected by changes in nutrients and oxygen availability, with stronger effects found in hypoxic treatments than in depleted or saturated oxygen treatments. This study showed that the effects of simultaneous changes in the availability of dissolved nutrients and oxygen in aquatic environments can influence the activity and composition of fungal communities, although these effects were not translated into changes in litter decomposition rates.
Assuntos
Fungos/efeitos dos fármacos , Micobioma/efeitos dos fármacos , Nutrientes/farmacologia , Oxigênio/farmacologia , Microbiologia da Água , Biomassa , Brasil , Ecossistema , Euphorbiaceae/microbiologia , Nitrogênio , Fósforo , Folhas de Planta/microbiologia , Rios/microbiologia , Esporos Fúngicos/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Nutrient enrichment of soils and water will intensify in the future and has the potential to alter fundamental ecosystem processes, such as litter decomposition. We tested the direct (via water nutrient enrichment) and indirect (via changes in leaf chemistry) effects of nutrient enrichment on microbial activity and decomposability of Quercus robur L. (oak) leaves in laboratory microcosms simulating streams. Senescent leaves of oak trees grown without and with fertilization were incubated under ambient and elevated water nutrient [nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)] concentrations for 60 days. Soil fertilization led to an increase in leaf (3.4×) and leaf litter (2.3×) N concentration. Increased water-dissolved nutrients concentrations stimulated microbial activity (N uptake, microbial respiration, fungal biomass buildup and conidia production by aquatic hyphomycetes) that translated into accelerated litter decomposition (2.1× for unfertilized and 1.6× for fertilized trees). Leaves from fertilized trees had higher microbial activity and decomposition rates than leaves from unfertilized trees only at low dissolved nutrient availability. When both litter and water nutrients concentration increased, microbial activity and leaf decomposition were stimulated, but the effects were additive and direct effects from increased dissolved nutrient availability were stronger than those mediated by increases in litter N concentration (indirect effects). Our results suggest that increases in water nutrient availability (within the range used in this study) may exert a stronger control on microbial activity and litter decomposition than litter nutrient enrichment.
Assuntos
Nitrogênio , Folhas de Planta , Microbiologia da Água , Água , Ecossistema , ÁrvoresRESUMO
Chlorophyll is a commercially important natural green pigment responsible for the absorption of light energy and its conversion into chemical energy via photosynthesis in plants and algae. This bioactive compound is widely used in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Chlorophyll has been consumed for health benefits as a nutraceutical agent with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, and antimicrobial properties. Microalgae are photosynthesizing microorganisms which can be extracted for several high-value bioproducts in the biotechnology industry. These microorganisms are highly efficient at adapting to physicochemical variations in the local environment. This allows optimization of culture conditions for inducing microalgal growth and biomass production as well as for changing their biochemical composition. The modulation of microalgal culture under controlled conditions has been proposed to maximize chlorophyll accumulation. Strategies reported in the literature to promote the chlorophyll content in microalgae include variation in light intensity, culture agitation, and changes in temperature and nutrient availability. These factors affect chlorophyll concentration in a species-specific manner; therefore, optimization of culture conditions has become an essential requirement. This paper provides an overview of the current knowledge on the effects of key environmental factors on microalgal chlorophyll accumulation, focusing on small-scale laboratory experiments.
Assuntos
Clorofila/biossíntese , Microalgas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Microalgas/metabolismo , Biomassa , Biotecnologia , Luz , Fotossíntese , TemperaturaRESUMO
Silver nanoparticles are powerful antimicrobial agents. Here, the synthesis of silver chloride nanoparticles (AgCl-NPs) was consistently evidenced from a commercially valuable microalgae species, Chlorella vulgaris. Incubation of C. vulgaris conditioned medium with AgNO3 resulted in a medium color change to yellow/brown (with UV-vis absorbance at 415nm), indicative of silver nanoparticle formation. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) of purified nanoparticles confirmed the presence of both silver and chlorine atoms, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed the typical pattern of cubic crystalline AgCl-NPs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that most particles (65%) were spherical, with average diameter of 9.8±5.7nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of purified nanoparticle fractions suggested that proteins are the main molecular entities involved in AgCl-NP formation and stabilization. AgCl-NPs (from 10µg/mL) decreased by 98% the growth of Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae bacterial pathogens, and had a dose-dependent effect on cell viability, which was measured by automated image-based high content screening (HCS). Ultrastructural analysis of treated bacteria by TEM revealed the abnormal arrangement of the chromosomal DNA. Our findings strongly indicated that the AgCl-NPs from C. vulgaris conditioned medium is a promising 'green' alternative for biomedical application as antimicrobials.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/metabolismo , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Compostos de Prata/química , Chlorella vulgaris/metabolismo , Química Verde , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Klebsiella pneumoniae/ultraestrutura , Nanopartículas Metálicas/ultraestrutura , Microalgas/metabolismo , Nanotecnologia , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/ultraestruturaRESUMO
Objetivo: analisar a Qualidade de Vida de mulheres portadoras de câncer ginecológico e de mama, submetidas à quimioterapia antineoplásica há pelo menos um ano após o término do tratamento. Métodos: estudo descritivo, transversal, realizado em um Hospital de Clínicas. Utilizou-se questionário de dados sociodemográficos e clínicos e o WHOQOL-bref, para análise da qualidade de vida. Resultados: foram entrevistadas 30 mulheres com idade média de 52 anos; a maior parte com diagnóstico de câncer de mama e que receberam quimioterapia adjuvante. Quanto à qualidade de vida, os domínios mais comprometidos foram os domínios físico e psicológico, seguido pelo ambiental e social. Conclusão: incluir medidas de qualidade de vida na prática clínica parece ser crucial para promover um cuidado integral ao paciente e sua família...
Assuntos
Humanos , Neoplasias da Mama , Neoplasias dos Genitais Femininos , Qualidade de Vida , Tratamento Farmacológico , Saúde da MulherRESUMO
Fundamentos: O efeito hipotensor do exercício físico tem sido reconhecido nos indivíduos normotensos ehipertensos. Entretanto, essa relação ainda não se mostra esclarecida na coexistência de hipertensão arterialsistêmica (HAS) e diabetes mellitus (DM) tipo II. Objetivo: Analisar a resposta do exercício aeróbio regularnos indivíduos normotensos, hipertensos e hipertensos diabéticos, sobre as variáveis: pressão arterial sistólica(PAS), pressão arterial diastólica (PAD), glicemia capilar, índice de massa corporal (IMC) e circunferênciaabdominal. Métodos: Estudados 75 indivíduos, com idade 52,3±5,2 anos (homens) e 52,8±4,9 anos (mulheres), obesos, sedentários, estratificados em três grupos: normotensos,hipertensos e hipertensos-diabéticos. Todos os grupos foram submetidos a programa de exercício físicoestruturado adaptado (PEFEA) de dois meses, três vezes por semana, em dias alternados, totalizando 24 sessõesde exercício aeróbio de 50% a 70% da frequência cardíaca máxima (FCmáx.), com duração de 60min. Os dados dasmedidas da pressão arterial (PA) e glicemia capilar foram analisados por testes não paramétricos e os da avaliação antropométrica por testes paramétricos, coletados no pré e pós-treinamento. Resultados: Houve redução significativa na PAS em todos os grupos estudados. A variação média da PAD sónão foi significativa para o grupo normotenso. Os valores médios de glicose só foi significativo para o grupohipertenso-diabético. O IMC e a circunferência abdominal sofreram efeito significativo na variação do tempo nos três grupos. Conclusão: A prática de exercício físico regular foi eficaz para redução dos níveis pressóricos e de medidas antropométricas por um período de dois meses paratodos os grupos.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , /complicações , /diagnóstico , Exercício Físico , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Obesidade/complicações , Resistência à Insulina , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess an intervention to reduce salt intake based on an agreement with the food industry. METHODS: Salt content was measured in bakery products through a national survey and biochemical analyses. Low-salt bread was evaluated by a panel of taste testers to determine whether a reduced salt bread could remain undetected. French bread accounts for 25% of the total salt intake in Argentina; hence, reducing its salt concentration from 2% to 1.4% was proposed and tested. A crossover trial was conducted to evaluate the reduction in urinary sodium and blood pressure in participants during consumption of the low-salt bread compared with ordinary bread. RESULTS: Average salt content in bread was 2%. This study evaluated low-salt bread containing 1.4% salt. This reduction remained mostly undetected by the panels of taste testers. In the crossover trial, which included 58 participants, a reduction of 25 milliequivalents in 24 hour urine sodium excretion, a reduction in systolic blood pressure of 1.66 mmHg, and a reduction in diastolic blood pressure of 0.76 mmHg were found during the low-salt bread intake. CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that dietary salt reduction was feasible and well accepted in the population studied through a reduction of salt content in bread. Although the effects on urinary sodium and blood pressure were moderate, a country wide intervention could have a greater public health impact.