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Objetivo: Caracterizar las aberraciones corneales de bajo orden en pacientes con ametropías miópicas. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal, con una muestra de 104 ojos de 104 pacientes adultos con ametropías miópicas y un grupo control de 104 ojos de 104 voluntarios emétropes, que asistieron a consulta de Cirugía Refractiva del Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología. Se definieron las variables demográficas, clínicas y para la cuantificación de las aberraciones corneales la elevación-depresión y el valor cuadrático medio, aportadas mediante el mapa aberrométrico del Pentacam HR. Resultados: Hubo un predominio del sexo femenino, el rango de edad estuvo comprendido entre 18 y 39 años en ambos grupos. La mediana del equivalente esférico de los pacientes de ametropías miópicas fue -3,25 dioptrías, con agudeza visual sin corrección de 0,10, esfera de -2,63 D y cilindro de -1,00 D, 91 ojos (87,50 por ciento) tenían astigmatismo miópico compuesto. Los valores de elevación-depresión y el valor cuadrático medio de bajo orden fueron mayores en los pacientes con ametropías miópicas que los emétropes (p< 0,001). El astigmatismo vertical, desenfoque y el astigmatismo horizontal no presentaron diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre ambos grupos. Conclusiones: La miopía con o sin astigmatismo se debe estudiar y tratar como una aberración de bajo orden. Los valores de elevación-depresión y cuadrático medio son superiores en los ojos con ametropías miópicas respecto a los emétropes(AU)

Objective: To characterize low-order corneal aberrations in patients with myopic ametropia. Methods: A descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 104 eyes of 104 adult patients with myopic ametropia and a control group of 104 eyes of 104 emmetropic volunteers, who attended the Refractive Surgery Clinic of the Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology. Demographic and clinical variables were defined, and for the quantification of corneal aberrations, elevation-depression and average square value, provided by means of the Pentacam HR aberrometric map. Results: There was a predominance of female sex, the age range was between 18 and 39 years in both groups. The median spherical equivalent of myopic ametropia patients was -3.25 diopters, with uncorrected visual acuity of 0.10, sphere of -2.63 D and cylinder of -1.00 D, 91 eyes (87.50 percent) had compound myopic astigmatism. Elevation-depression values and low-order root average square value were higher in patients with myopic ametropes than emmetropes (p< 0.001). Vertical astigmatism, defocus and horizontal astigmatism showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions: Myopia with or without astigmatism should be studied and treated as a low-order aberration. The elevation-depression and average square values are higher in eyes with myopic ametropia than in emmetropic eyes(AU)

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Objetivo: Determinar las aberraciones corneales en pacientes con indicación de cirugía refractiva con láser de excímeros. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, transversal, descriptivo, con 161 ojos de 81 pacientes adultos, de ambos sexos con indicación de cirugía con láser de excímeros para la corrección de su defecto refractivo. Se definieron como variables edad, sexo, desenfoque, astigmatismo, coma, trefoil y aberración esférica, las que se determinaron por el estudio topográfico de rutina con el topógrafo KeratronTM Scout, Optikon. Resultados: Se obtuvieron los siguientes valores promedios: desenfoque -4,17 ± 0,29 D (-16,15 a 8,5 D) y absoluto 4,94 ± 0,199 (10 a 16,5 D), astigmatismo -1,56 ± 0,09 D (-9,44 a -0,09 D), coma 0,25 ± 0,016 (0,01 a 1,5 D), trefoil 0,204 ± 0,016 (0,01 a 1,18 D) y aberración esférica 0,316 ± 0,018 D (0,0 a 1,27D). En el 75 por ciento de los casos los valores absolutos de desenfoque fueron inferiores a 6,56, de astigmatismo inferior a 0,33 D, de coma menor que 0,33, trefoil inferior a 0,25 y aberraciones esféricas menores que 0,32 D. Conclusiones: Los valores promedio de las aberraciones corneales desenfoque, astigmatismo, coma, trefoil y aberración esférica se encuentran en el rango de los valores reportados en la literatura científica y la distribución de los valores de las aberraciones corneales presentan desplazamiento de la mayoría de los casos hacia los valores más bajo del rango de determinación(AU)

Objective: To determine corneal aberrations in patients indicated for excimer laser refractive surgery. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out with 161 eyes of 81 adult patients of both sexes with indication of excimer laser surgery for the correction of their refractive defect. Age, sex, defocus, astigmatism, coma, trefoil and spherical aberration were defined as variables, determined by routine topographic study with the KeratronTM Scout topographer, Optikon. Results: The following average values were obtained: defocus of -4.17 ± 0.29 D (-16.15 to 8.5 D) and absolute of 4.94 ± 0.199 (10 to 16.5 D), astigmatism of -1.56 ± 0.09 D (-9.44 to -0.09 D), coma of 0.25 ± 0.016 (0.01 to 1.5 D), trefoil of 0.204 ± 0.016 (0.01 to 1.18 D) and spherical aberration of 0.316 ± 0.018 D (0.0 to 1.27D). In 75 percent of the cases, the absolute values for defocus were lower than 6.56; for astigmatism, lower than 0.33 D; for coma, lower than 0.33; for trefoil, lower than 0.25; and for spherical aberrations, lower than 0.32 D. Conclusions: The average values of corneal aberrations for defocus, astigmatism, coma, trefoil and spherical aberration are in the range of values reported in the scientific literature, while the distribution of corneal aberrations values present displacement of most of the cases towards the lower values of the determination range(AU)

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The development and evaluation of scaffolds play a crucial role in the engineering of hyaline cartilage tissue. This work aims to evaluate the performance of silk fibroin hydrogels fabricated from the cocoons of the Colombian hybrid in the in vitro regeneration of hyaline cartilage. The scaffolds were physicochemically characterized, and their performance was evaluated in a cellular model. The results showed that the scaffolds were rich in random coils and ß-sheets in their structure and susceptible to various serine proteases with different degradation profiles. Furthermore, they showed a significant increase in ACAN, COL10A1, and COL2A1 expression compared to pellet culture alone and allowed GAG deposition. The soluble portion of the scaffold did not affect chondrogenesis. Furthermore, they promoted the increase in COL1A2, showing a slight tendency to differentiate towards fibrous cartilage. The results also showed that Colombian silk could be used as a source of biomedical devices, paving the way for sericulture to become a more diverse economic activity in emerging countries.

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Main Objective: To compare, through the OHIP-7Sp, the impact on the quality of life of partially edentulous patients, according to WHO criteria "with functional dentition", 21 or more teeth and "without functional dentition", less than 21 teeth. Material and Methods: 97 partially edentulous patients were selected between 35 and 75 years old, ASA I or II with ≤ 28 teeth remaining. Were divided in two groups, non-functional dentition (NFD) n=47 and functional dentition (FD) n=50. OHIP-7Sp survey was applied to each patient to measure the impact on quality of life in the seven dimensions considered in this survey. The scale of measurement ranges from 0 to 4, in which 0 is "never" and 4 "always", with a maximum value of 28, considering the instrument in its entirety. Highest score indicates a greater impact on quality of life. For comparison of both groups, the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test was used with a level of 95% significance. Results: Concerning all patients evaluated through the OHIP-7Sp, the mean age was 53 years. There were significant differences in the total OHIP-7Sp score, with a mean and median for the NFD group of 9.53 and 9 and for the FD group 5.02 and 5, respectively. Disaggregating the analysis, significant differences emerged in dimensions 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 (p<0.05). Conclusion: There was a significantly greater impact on the quality of life, measured with the OHIP-7Sp, in the NFD group compared to the FD group.

Objetivo Principal: Comparar mediante el OHIP-7Sp, el impacto en la calidad de vida de pacientes desdentados parciales, según criterio OMS "con dentición funcional", 21 o más dientes y "sin dentición funcional", menos de 21 dientes. 0 Material y Métodos: Fueron seleccionados 97 pacientes desdentados parciales entre 35 y 75 años, ASA I o II con remanencia de ≤ 28 dientes. Fueron divididos en 2 grupos, dentición no funcional (DNF) n=47 y dentición funcional (DF) n=50. Se aplicó encuesta OHIP-7Sp a cada paciente para medir el impacto en la calidad de vida en las 7 dimensiones que contempla esta encuesta. La escala de medición, abarca de 0 a 4, en la cual 0 es "nunca" y 4 "siempre", con un valor máximo de 28, considerado el instrumento en su totalidad. El puntaje más alto indica un mayor impacto en la calidad de vida. Para la comparación de ambos grupos se utilizó el test no paramétrico de Mann-Whitney con un nivel de significancia del 95%. Resultados: Del total de pacientes evaluados mediante el OHIP-7Sp, el promedio de edad fue de 53 años. Hubo diferencias significativas en el puntaje del OHIP-7Sp total, con una media y mediana para el grupo DNF de 9,53 y 9 y para el grupo DF de 5,02 y 5, respectivamente. Desagregando el análisis, emergieron diferencias significativas en las dimensiones 2, 3, 4, 5, y 6 (p<0,05). Conclusión: Hubo significativamente mayor impacto en la calidad de vida, medido con el OHIP-7Sp, en el grupo DNF comparado con el grupo DF.

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Abstract Introduction: Inspite of the great advances in dentistry, aging populations imply that there are still significant numbers of edentulous people worldwide. In most cases, implant-assisted prosthetic rehabilitation is the best solution. However, economic issues constrain access to this therapeutic approach, meaning that conventional removable prosthetics continue to be the most frequent treatment. In the removable denture making process, the so-called traditional method has been widely taught and used. It involves taking two impressions: a preliminary one followed by a definitive one (or functional). The simplified method constructs the prosthesis directly from the first impression obtained with a stock tray, without the need of a second impression. Purpose: To review the scientific evidence comparing both methods in terms of patient satisfaction, clinical quality, and masticatory performance and capacity. Results: No advantages have been found in favor of the traditional method regarding the four variables selected. Conclusions: According to the available information, the traditional method of taking impressions for complete removable dental prostheses does not provide significantly superior clinical results when compared to those obtained using the simplified method in terms of clinical quality, patient satisfaction, performance and masticatory capacity.

Resumen Introducción: Pese a los avances de la odontología, el fenómeno del envejecimiento de la población ha generado que la cantidad de personas desdentadas totales aún represente una cifra significativa. Los artificios protésicos implanto-asistidos constituyen, en la mayoría de los casos, la mejor alternativa rehabilitadora. Sin embargo, la variable económica surge como el principal impedimento para que los pacientes accedan a este recurso, y por este motivo, mantienen la prótesis total removible como una opción terapéutica. Para su confección, el método tradicional indica la necesidad de tomar dos impresiones: una preliminar y una definitiva o funcional. El método simplificado, confecciona la prótesis a partir de la primera impresión, obtenida con cubeta de stock. Objetivo: Revisar evidencia científica que compara ambos métodos en cuanto a las variables de: satisfacción del paciente, calidad clínica, rendimiento y capacidad masticatoria. Resultados: No se verifican ventajas a favor del método tradicional en relación a las variables estudiadas. Conclusiones: En concordancia con la información recabada, los resultados clínicos obtenidos mediante el método tradicional de toma de impresiones para prótesis totales no son significativamente superiores a los del método simplificado en relación a calidad clínica, satisfacción del paciente, rendimiento y capacidad masticatoria.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate EEG-derived functional connectivity (FC) patterns associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS: A sample of 15 patients without cognitive impairment (PD-WCI), 15 with MCI (PD-MCI), and 26 healthy subjects were studied. The EEG was performed in the waking functional state with eyes closed, for the functional analysis it was used the synchronization likelihood (SL) and graph theory (GT). RESULTS: PD-MCI patients showed decreased FC in frequencies alpha, in posterior regions, and delta with a generalized distribution. Patients, compared to the healthy people, presented a decrease in segregation (lower clustering coefficient in alpha p = 0.003 in PD-MCI patients) and increased integration (shorter mean path length in delta (p = 0.004) and theta (p = 0.002) in PD-MCI patients). There were no significant differences in the network topology between the parkinsonian groups. In PD-MCI patients, executive dysfunction correlated positively with global connectivity in beta (r = 0.47) and negatively with the mean path length at beta (r = -0.45); alterations in working memory were negatively correlated with the mean path length at beta r = -0.45. CONCLUSIONS: PD patients present alterations in the FC in all frequencies, those with MCI show less connectivity in the alpha and delta frequencies. The neural networks of the patients show a random topology, with a similar organization between patients with and without MCI. In PD-MCI patients, alterations in executive function and working memory are related to beta integration.

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Pre-slaughter fasting duration affect blood parameters related to stress and metabolism, decrease live and carcass weights and impact beef quality of cattle. In three experiments, 1100 steers and heifers, finished on feedlot or on pasture, were evaluated to assess the influence of the site and duration of fasting before slaughter on physiological, carcass and meat quality traits. Cattle were allocated to one of two fasting duration - long (23-29 h) or short (2-6 h) - and to one of two sites of fasting- farm or abattoir. All animals had access to water ad libitum until slaughter, except during transportation. Cattle were assigned to two (long fasting on abattoir/normal lairage time, short fasting on farm/minimal lairage time) or three (long fasting on abattoir/normal lairage time, short fasting on farm/minimal lairage time, long fasting on farm/minimal lairage time) treatments. Seventeen slaughters were considered in a randomized complete block design. There was no effect of the site of fasting on any variable. Cattle with short fasting duration had higher carcass weights and water consumption than those under long fasting duration. Haematocrit, globulin, total protein, and lactate dehydrogenase at the time of slaughter increased with fasting duration. There was no effect of the duration of fasting on blood ions, meat quality traits, urine pH, liver weight and volume, and skin dry matter. A reduction in the fasting duration returned to farmers and abattoirs 1.2% additional kilograms of carcass, suggesting an improvement in animal welfare according to a better hydration level of cattle at the time of slaughter.

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Objetivo: Determinar el método de diagnóstico de relación esquelética más empleado, según las cuatro revistas más importantes de ortodoncia en el periodo 2018-2020. Metodología: Se elaboró un análisis documental de información compilada ya existente referida a los procedimientos de diagnóstico utilizados con mayor frecuencia en el reconocimiento de las relaciones esqueléticas en las cuatro revistas más importantes de ortodoncia desde el año 2018 hasta el 2020, según SCImago 2018, cuyo soporte en internet proporciona una serie de parámetros acerca del impacto de las publicaciones y revistas. Con esa finalidad, se realizó una sinopsis de la información analizada para establecer una correlación de las fuentes y hacer cotejos entre ellas de manera crítica. La exploración bibliográfica virtual de bases de datos se realizó esencialmente a través de Medline; se evaluó y seleccionó la bibliografía, organizada según la trascendencia y la índole científica; y, luego, se procesaron los resultados para responder las demandas de la investigación. Resultados: En la revista AJO-DO, el 92,2% utiliza el método de ANB y el 7,8% no describe el método utilizado. En la revista AO, el 100% refiere el uso del ANB. Finalmente, en las revistas EJO y KJO, el 93,8 % y el 95% utilizaron el ANB, respectivamente. Conclusión: El método más frecuentemente utilizado para la determinación de la relación esquelética es el ANB, aun cuando este indicador presenta un riesgo de efecto geométrico, ya que es un método ampliamente conocido. (AU)

Objective: To determine the skeletal-related diagnostic methods most commonly used according to the four most important orthodontics journals in the period from 2018 to 2020. Methods: A review of the data available regarding the diagnostic procedures most frequently used to determine skeletal relationships in the four most important orthodontics journals from 2018 to 2020. Article review was performed using SCIMAGO 2018, which provides a series of parameters ranking the importance of the impact of publications and journals. We made a synopsis of the information analyzed to establish a correlation and compare sources, and critically examined the articles collected on the subject of interest. An online bibliographic search of databases including mainly Medline was carried out, followed by evaluation and selection of the bibliography, organized according to the significance and nature of the study. Results: The four journals included in the bibliographic search were: AJODO, AO, EJO and KJO. The A point-Nasion-B point (ANB) method was used in 92.2% of the articles published in AJODO, and 7.8% did not describe the method used. Twenty-three articles in the AO journal were evaluated, all of which referred to the use of ANB as the method used. Finally, 16 and 11 articles from the EJO and KJO journals, respectively, were evaluated, with 93.8% and 95%, respectively of the articles using ANB as the method of choice for determining skeletal relationships. Conclusion: The method of choice for skeletal-related diagnostics is ANB, although this widely known method presents a risk of geometric effect. (AU)

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Objective: To determine the skeletal-related diagnostic methods most commonly used according to the four most important orthodontics journals in the period from 2018 to 2020. Methods: A review of the data available regarding the diagnostic procedures most frequently used to determine skeletal relationships in the four most important orthodontics journals from 2018 to 2020. Article review was performed using SCIMAGO 2018, which provides a series of parameters ranking the importance of the impact of publications and journals. We made a synopsis of the information analyzed to establish a correlation and compare sources, and critically examined the articles collected on the subject of interest. An online bibliographic search of databases including mainly Medline was carried out, followed by evaluation and selection of the bibliography, organized according to the significance and nature of the study. Results: The four journals included in the bibliographic search were: AJODO, AO, EJO and KJO. The A point-Nasion-B point (ANB) method was used in 92.2% of the articles published in AJODO, and 7.8% did not describe the method used. Twenty-three articles in the AO journal were evaluated, all of which referred to the use of ANB as the method used. Finally, 16 and 11 articles from the EJO and KJO journals, respectively, were evaluated, with 93.8% and 95%, respectively of the articles using ANB as the method of choice for determining skeletal relationships. Conclusion: The method of choice for skeletal-related diagnostics is ANB, although this widely known method presents a risk of geometric effect.

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INTRODUCTION: Distal Intestinal Obstruction Syndrome is a rare complication in patients with cystic fibrosis, which characterized by the accumulation of viscid fecal material, combined with sticky mucous secretions located in the distal ileum adhere to the intestinal wall, causing complete bowel obstruction. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We report a case of a 45 years old patient with cystic fibrosis, who presented bowel obstruction secondary to accumulation of fecal material, combined with mucous secretions, in the mid-jejunum. A diagnostic laparoscopy was performed where a dilated jejunum was encountered with impaction of fecal content. Surgery was converted to open surgery, where a longitudinal enterotomy of 5 cm after the transition zone was created, evacuating manually the fecal material with mucous secretion. The patient evolved favorably, without complications. DISCUSSION: We present a case of a patient with cystic fibrosis presenting with bowel obstruction due to a proximal intestinal obstruction syndrome, which can be diagnosed with the DIOS definition, with the only distinction of a more proximal location in the gastrointestinal tract, such as the stomach, the duodenum, or the jejunum. CONCLUSION: It is important for the clinician to know the existence of this syndrome at its different locations in the small bowel to treat accordingly.

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Resumen El síndrome compartimental abdominal (SCA) se define como la disfunción orgánica causada por la hipertensión intraabdominal (HIA). Ambas son complicaciones frecuentes en pacientes graves ingresados en las unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI). Las manifestaciones clínicas asociadas suelen ser inespecíficas, por lo que dichas entidades deben ser sospechadas ante pacientes críticos con factores de riesgo. El diagnóstico de la HIA se realiza midiendo de forma indirecta la presión intraabdominal (PIA), generalmente por medio de una sonda vesical. El tratamiento consiste en medidas de soporte, y en algunos casos es necesaria la descompresión abdominal quirúrgica. En esta revisión se presenta la fisiopatología de ambas entidades, así como el enfoque diagnóstico y terapéutico.

Abstract Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is defined as an organ dysfunction caused by intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH). Both are common complications in severe patients admitted to intensive care units. The associated clinical manifestations are usually non-specific and, therefore, such entities should be suspected in critical patients with risk factors. The diagnosis of IAH is made by indirectly measuring intrabdominal pressure, usually by means of a urinary catheter. Treatment consists of supportive measures and, in some cases, surgical abdominal decompression. In this review the physiopathology of both entities is described, as well as the diagnostic and therapeutic approach.

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Sexual dimorphism is one of the most important ways to identify bone remains in mass disasters. Many of them have been used for this purpose; mainly skull, pelvis and long bones. However, only a few studies using the patella have been done and, to our knowledge, there are no assessments of previous results in the literature. Meta-analysis provides a useful strong tool to test, in a systematic way, the most relevant information about a given research field. The aim of this study is to apply the meta-analytic technique to assess the major studies concerning sexual dimorphism in the patella by measuring classical metric traits: maximum height and maximum width, with different techniques, such as caliper, radiography, tomography and magnetic resonance. The 17 papers found, involving a total sample size higher than 2600 patellae, showed a very high heterogeneity- around 93 % of I2 value, for height and width measurements when all the studies were analyzed together. Homogeneity increased when each study was classified according to the techniques used. In this case, a statistical difference appeared, among the several subgroups of techniques for the two measurements, suggesting the importance of the methodology used. Maximum height and maximum width were all showed to be statistically relevant in distinguishing both sexes.

El dimorfismo sexual es una de las formas más importantes para identificar restos óseos en desastres masivos. Se han utilizado huesos como cráneo, pelvis y huesos largos para la diferenciación sexual. Sin embargo, solo se han realizado unos pocos estudios con la patela y, hasta donde sabemos, no hay evaluaciones de resultados anteriores en la literatura. El meta-análisis proporciona una herramienta sólida y útil para probar, de manera sistemática, la información más relevante sobre un cierto campo de investigación. El objetivo de este estudio consiste en aplicar la técnica metaanalítica para evaluar los principales estudios sobre dimorfismo sexual en la patela midiendo los rasgos métricos clásicos: altura máxima y anchura máxima, con diferentes técnicas: calibre, radiografía, tomografía y resonancia magnética. Los 17 de documentos encontrados, con un tamaño de muestra total superior a 2600 patelas, mostraron una heterogeneidad muy alta, alrededor del 93 % del valor de I2, para mediciones de altura y anchura cuando todos los estudios se analizaron juntos. La homogeneidad aumentó cuando cada estudio se clasificó de acuerdo con las técnicas utilizadas. En este caso, se observó diferencias estadísticas, entre los subgrupos de técnicas para las dos mediciones, lo que sugiere la importancia de la metodología utilizada. La altura máxima y la anchura máxima mostraron ser estadísticamente relevantes para distinguir ambos sexos.

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RESUMEN: La gerontología es la ciencia que trata de la vejez y los fenómenos que la caracterizan. Se aboca al estudio científico del proceso de envejecimiento y abarca la esfera social, psicológica y biológica. El fenómeno actual del envejecimiento de la población mundial, denominado "transición demográfica", ha puesto al quehacer de la gerontología en acuciante actualidad. Dentro de su marco conceptual, en el ámbito de la ciencia médica, surge la geriatría, especialidad que se ocupa no sólo de la prevención y asistencia de las enfermedades que presentan las personas mayores, sino también de su recuperación funcional y de su reinserción en la comunidad. En Chile, sin constituirse en una especialidad propiamente tal, la llamada "odontogeriatría" vendría a ser el equivalente de geriatría en odontología. Sin embargo, creemos que gerodontología sería más pertinente puesto que apreciamos en ésta, una visión cultural derivada de la gerontología que va allende los aspectos procedimentales propios de la odontología. Pretendemos fundamentar esta afirmación, analizando la experiencia internacional, contrastándola con la situación que se verifica en Chile, reiterando la imperiosa necesidad de comenzar desde la formación de pre grado del futuro odontólogo con la entrega de insumos gerodontológicos teóricos y clínicos, para intentar aportar de modo propositivo y no efectista, en el diseño de políticas públicas actualizadas.

SUMMARY: Gerontology is the science studying ageing and the phenomena that characterize it. It deals with the scientific approach of this process encompassing the social, psychological and biological fields. The current phenomenon of the ageing of the world population, so called "demographic transition" has put the gerontological issue in pressing today. Within its conceptual frame and in the sphere of medical sciences emerges Geriatrics, specialty covering not only prevention and care of older people diseases, but also addressing its functional recovery and reintegration into the community. In Chile, not yet a specialty, geriatric dentistry would be its equivalent regarding odontology. However, we believe that there is a conceptual difference regarding gerodontology since we appreciate its scope goes far beyond the procedural aspects of dentistry. We will make our statement, analyzing evidence from international educational experiences, as well as contrasting with the situation that occurs in Chile, altogether stressing the urgent need to start from the undergraduate curriculum of future dentists through the delivery of theoretical input and clinical gerodontologic training, in order to collaborate in a proactive way in the design of updated public policies according to the nowadays challenges.

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The physicochemical modification of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) is a current challenge in the search to improve their performance in different technological applications. In this work we analyze the post-synthetic modification of ZIF-8 crystals and films through a simple and clean treatment that involves the exposure to a UV lamp under environmental conditions. It is demonstrated that a short treatment alters the MOF structure and chemistry, providing a modified ZIF-8 due to partial disconnections of its structure which increase the amount of terminal surface species such as Zn-OH and -C=N-H, but without compromising the overall MOF structure, specific surface area or thermal stability. Additionally, it leads to changes in several properties of the ZIF-8, such as its capacity to accumulate charge through pseudocapacitive processes, its interaction with nitric oxide and its light absorption behavior. This strategy of modifying ZIF-8 without the use of chemicals through a gentle disconnection of its own structure could open new perspectives of post-functionalization of crystals and films of ZIF-8 to be used in a wide range of applications.

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Hydrogel scaffolds are important materials in tissue engineering, and their characterization is essential to determine potential biomedical applications according to their mechanical and structural behavior. In this work, silk fibroin hydrogels were synthesized by two different methods (vortex and sonication), and agarose hydrogels were also obtained for comparison purposes. Samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, infrared analysis, thermo-gravimetrical analysis, confined compression test, and rheological test. The results indicate that nanofibers can be obtained via both silk fibroin and agarose hydrogels. The mechanical tests showed that the Young's modulus is similar to those found in the literature, with the highest value for agarose hydrogels. All the hydrogels showed a shear-thinning behavior. Additionally, the MTT test revealed that silk fibroin hydrogels had low cytotoxicity in THP-1 and HEK-293 cells, whereas the agarose hydrogels showed high toxicity for the THP-1 cell line. The results indicate that silk fibroin hydrogels obtained from a Colombian silkworm hybrid are suitable for the development of scaffolds, with potential applications in tissue engineering.

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This review examines the evidence about the relationship between dental procedures and the incidence of transient bacteremia. One of the main obstacles was to define "invasive dental procedure" as an indication for antimicrobial prophylaxis for patients with high risk of bacteremia. A search in WorldWideScience and ScienceDirect was performed and 20 articles were selected for review. Two contradictions stood out. There is no concrete evidence that a transient bacteremia arising during a dental procedure may be a risk factor for the appearance of bacterial endocarditis. There is no certainty about the effectiveness of antimicrobial prophylaxis, due to the lack of clinical trials of good quality. There is a similitude between bacteremia resulting from invasive and non-invasive dental procedures. The importance of periodontal health as a preventive measure for bacterial endocarditis among high risk patients is highlighted.

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La cirugía refractiva con la utilización del láser de excimero se ha convertido a nivel mundial en una cirugía muy demandada, por la posibilidad de mejorar no solamente la visión del paciente, sino también su calidad de vida. Estos procedimientos refractivos y los grandes avances tecnológicos de la cirugía refractiva hacen posible la búsqueda de técnicas para fortalecer la córnea y mejorar la estabilidad refractiva. El uso del crosslinking en la cirugía refractiva ha demostrado que podría modificar estos aspectos, y a su vez disminuir la regresión de las ametropías tratadas. Se realizó una búsqueda de diversos artículos publicados en los últimos diez años, con el objetivo de conocer los resultados de la aplicación del crosslinking en la cirugía refractiva corneal. Se utilizó la plataforma Infomed, específicamente la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud(AU)

Excimer laser refractive surgery has become a very much demanded surgical alternative worldwide, due to the possibility of improving not only the patient's vision, but also their quality of life. These refractive procedures as well as the great technological advances in refractive surgery allow the search for techniques to strengthen the cornea and improve refractive stability. The use of crosslinking in refractive surgery has shown that it is possible to modify these aspects and at the same time reduce the regression of the ametropias treated. A search was conducted for papers published in the past ten years, to become acquainted with the results of the application of crosslinking in corneal refractive surgery. Use was made of the platform Infomed, specifically the Virtual Health Library(AU)

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The present report describes the misidentification of Brucella spp. from a positive blood culture using traditional microbiology tests. A molecular test identified the bacterium as Ochrobactrum anthropi. According to the information available, this report is the first to include this type of case in Mexico.

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This review examines the evidence about the relationship between dental procedures and the incidence of transient bacteremia. One of the main obstacles was to define "invasive dental procedure" as an indication for antimicrobial prophylaxis for patients with high risk of bacteremia. A search in WorldWideScience and ScienceDirect was performed and 20 articles were selected for review. Two contradictions stood out. There is no concrete evidence that a transient bacteremia arising during a dental procedure may be a risk factor for the appearance of bacterial endocarditis. There is no certainty about the effectiveness of antimicrobial prophylaxis, due to the lack of clinical trials of good quality. There is a similitude between bacteremia resulting from invasive and non-invasive dental procedures. The importance of periodontal health as a preventive measure for bacterial endocarditis among high risk patients is highlighted.

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