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Background: Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a rare hereditary disorder caused by mutations in the tumor protein p53 (TP53). It causes a predisposition for the development of multiple malignancies, primarily including breast cancers, sarcomas, and central nervous system tumors. There are a few cases reported in the literature of patients with LFS presenting with an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutated lung cancer. Still, it has been suggested that there may be an association between the TP53 pathogenic variant and lung cancer with EGFR mutation in somatic cells. Case Description: A 47-year-old non-smoker woman with LFS with a history of multiple tumors, including bilateral breast cancer, pecoma, and sarcoma. In one of her computed tomography, a lesion in the lingula of the lung was detected. It was biopsied, which diagnosed lung adenocarcinoma, and genetic studies detected an EGFR exon 19 deletion. She was treated with a left inferior lobectomy, followed by pemetrexed and cisplatin. Conclusions: The association between TP53 and lung cancer with EGFR mutation has been suggested in case reports. Studies in lung cancer cell lines have shown a link between TP53 mutation and EGFR overexpression. Nonetheless, as more cases are reported, further research is needed to comprehend the interrelation between these two pathologies and the risk posed by LFS to the emergence of EGFR-mutated lung cancer.
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Antecedentes: La vía de señalización de la fosfoisitol 3-quinasa (PI3K), que promueve el crecimiento y el metabolismo de las células cancerosas, es la vía mutada con mayor frecuencia en el cáncer de mama y es asociada con quimio resistencia y mal pronóstico. En este estudio presentamos el primer análisis en población panameña y de la región, con ataciones precisas de la mutación PIK3CA, las características clinicopatológicas y pronóstico. Métodos: Estudio exploratorio, donde se recolectaron prospectivamente tumores de 74 pacientes con cáncer de mama metastásico RH+/Her2- del Instituto Oncológico Nacional entre 2022 y 2023. Se realizó un ensayo de PCR en tiempo real para análisis de mutación en ADN extraído del material tumoral fijado en formalina e incluido en parafina para detectar mutaciones en los exones 1, 4, 7, 9 y 20 del gen PIK3CA. Resultados: La mediana de edad de las pacientes estudiadas fue 59 años. La mutación en PIK3CA se encontró en 33.8% (25/74) de pacientes con cáncer de mama, entre ellas 44% fueron mutaciones en el exón 20, 38% en el exón 9, 13% en el exón 4 y 5% en el exón 1. Se observó una correlación significativa entre la mutación y el tener historia de cáncer en la familia (p= 0.005), y en pacientes postmepáusicas (P = 0.045). encontramos asociación entre la mutación y el tipo histológico, grado, tamaño tumoral ni estatus axilar al momento del diagnóstico. La mediana de supervivencia libre de progresión se alcanzó en ambos grupos y tampoco demostró una diferencia significativa. Conclusión: La prevalencia de la mutación es relativamente alta comparada con escenarios internacionales, puede ofrecer una ventaja para elegir las mejores opciones de tratamiento por lo que debe evaluarse de forma rutinaria durante las intervenciones clínicas. (provisto por Infomedic International)
Background: The phosphoisitol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway, which promotes cancer cell growth and metabolism, is the most frequently mutated pathway in breast cancer and is associated with chemoresistance and poor progsis. In this study we present the first analysis in Panamanian and regional population, with precise antations of the PIK3CA mutation, clinicopathological characteristics and progsis. Methods: Exploratory study, where tumors were prospectively collected from 74 patients with RH+/Her2- metastatic breast cancer from the Instituto Oncológico Nacional between 2022 and 2023. A real-time PCR assay for mutation analysis was performed on DNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor material to detect mutations in exons 1, 4, 7, 9 and 20 of the PIK3CA gene. Results: The median age of the patients studied was 59 years. The mutation in PIK3CA was found in 33.8% (25/74) of patients with breast cancer, among them 44% were mutations in exon 20, 38% in exon 9, 13% in exon 4 and 5% in exon 1. A significant correlation was observed between the mutation and having history of cancer in the family (P = 0.005), and in postmepausal patients (P = 0.045). We found association between the mutation and histologic type, grade, tumor size or axillary status at diagsis. Median progression-free survival was t reached in both groups and did t show a significant difference. Conclusion: The prevalence of the mutation is relatively high compared to international settings, it may offer an advantage in choosing the best treatment options and should be routinely evaluated during clinical interventions. (provided by Infomedic International)
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Objective: To identify if there is an association between pelvic entry and pelvic outlet diameters with increased positive circumferential resection margin (CRM) in rectal cancer. Introduction: Positive CRMin rectalcancerisa majorpredictor forlocal anddistant recurrence. Pelvic diameters may be related to the difficulty of dissection, as well as intrinsic tumor characteristics such as tumor size, location, distance from the anal margin, and T stage, which may compromise the integrity of the mesorectum and circumferential margin involvement. Methods: A retrospective review of the patient's medical records who underwent surgical resection of rectal adenocarcinoma from January 2012 to June 2022 was performed. The patient's preoperative staging, operative characteristics, and histopathologic outcomes were gathered from the medical records. Preoperative MRI scanning was done in all patients. MRI pelvimetry was done by two observers. CRM involvement was recorded as stated in the pathology report. Pelvimetry variables were dichotomized according to their mean values for correlation analysis. The odds ratio (OR) was calculated from a binary logistics regression model to assess the relation between the positive CRM and the independent variables. Results: A total of 78 patients were included in this study. A positive CRM was reported in 10 patients (12.8%). BMI >27.4 + 6.6 (p = 0.02), positive extramural vascular invasion (p = 0.027), positive CRM by MRI scanning (p = 0.004), and anal sphincter involvement (p = 0.03) were associated with positive CRM. Pelvimetry values were not associated with a positive CRM. Conclusion: No association was found between the pelvic diameters measured by MRI pelvimetry with a positive CRM. (AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Neoplasias Retais/cirurgia , Margens de Excisão , Pelvimetria , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to determine the socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) presentation at our institution. METHODS: From January 2009 to January 2018, patients that underwent CRC surgery at our institution were included and retrospectively analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to determine independent risk factors for presenting with advanced CRC. RESULTS: A total of 277 patients were included, 53.5% presented with advanced CRC. The multivariate analysis identified that living in a rural area (odds ratio [OR] = 5.25; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.27-12-10; p < 0.001), weight loss (OR = 2.33; 95% CI: 1.35-4.09; p = 0.002), needing emergency surgery (OR = 4.68; 95% CI: 1.25-17.49; p = 0.022), location in the rectum in comparison with colon (OR = 2.66; 95% CI: 1.44-4.91; p = 0.002), and location in the mid rectum (OR = 6.10; 95% CI: 2.31-16.12; p < 0.001) were associated with higher odds of advanced CRC stage at presentation. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with lower socioeconomic status, with symptoms, and needing emergency surgery were associated with advanced CRC stage at presentation. Special interventions to improve access to care in this population should be planned to enhance CRC outcomes.
INTRODUCCIÓN: El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar los factores socioeconómicos y demográficos asociados con la presentación de cáncer colorrectal (CCR) en etapas avanzadas en nuestra institución. MÉTODOS: De Enero 2009 a Enero 2018, aquellos pacientes operados por CCR fueron incluidos y analizados de forma retrospectiva. Se realizó análisis de regresión logística para determinar los factores de riesgo independientes para presentar CCR avanzado. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron un total de 277 pacientes, de los cuales 53.5% se diagnosticaron con CCR avanzado. En el análisis multivariable: vivienda en zona rural (OR = 5.25; 95% CI: 2.27-12-10; p < 0.001), pérdida de peso (OR = 2.33; 95% CI: 1.35-4.09; p = 0.002), necesidad de cirugía de urgencia (OR = 4.68; 95% CI: 1.25-17.49; p = 0.022), tumores en recto (OR = 2.66; 95% CI: 1.44-4.91; p = 0.002), fueron factores asociados a mayor probabilidad de presentación avanzada del CCR. CONCLUSIONES: Pacientes con nivel socioeconómico bajo, aquellos que acuden sintomáticos, y los que requieren de inicio cirugía de urgencia, fueron factores asociados a presentaciones avanzadas de CCR. Se requieren intervenciones especiales para mejorar el acceso a un diagnóstico temprano y oportuno en estos grupos poblacionales.
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Neoplasias Colorretais , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Colorretais/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/cirurgia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Reto , DemografiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Tumor deposits (TDs) are associated with adverse prognostic factors and decreased survival in colon cancer. However, there is no information of their survival impact in rectal cancer with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (n-CRT). METHODS: Retrospective study in 223 patients with rectal cancer with n-CRT. A survival analysis of factors associated with decreased overall survival (OS) including TDs was performed. RESULTS: From 223 patients, 131 (58.7%) were men, mean age 59.8 (± 13.06) years, and 42 (18.8%) of them revealed TDs. Survival analysis of TDs showed no association with mortality. Factors associated with decreased 5-year OS were the histologic grade (p = 0.42), perineural invasion (p = 0.001), and mesorectal quality (p = 0.067). Perineural invasion (HR = 2.335, 95% CI = 1.198-4.552) remained as independent factor in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: TDs were not associated with mortality in rectal cancer patients treated with n-CRT. Factors associated with decreased survival were inadequate mesorectal quality and perineural invasion.
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Adenocarcinoma , Neoplasias Retais , Masculino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Estudos Retrospectivos , Extensão Extranodal/patologia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Prognóstico , Neoplasias Retais/cirurgia , Neoplasias Retais/tratamento farmacológico , Quimiorradioterapia , Quimiorradioterapia AdjuvanteRESUMO
Introducción: Los mesoteliomas peritoneales se origina de las células que recubren la serosa de las cavidades del cuerpo, el 15% se originan del peritoneo. Su incidencia de es 0.2 a 3 casos por millones de personal al año. Son tumores raros y su supervivencia global se limita hasta 12 meses. El objetivo de esta presentación de caso es describir una presentación atípica de esta entidad y realizar una revisión de la literatura. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una descripción de un caso en la consulta externa de oncología diagnosticada con Mesotelioma papilar bien diferenciado de primario de peritoneo diagnosticada en el 2012 quien en el 2022 mantiene 10 años de supervivencia global y se realizó una revisión de la literatura en base al caso clínico. Resultados: Se define los tipos de mesotelioma peritoneal, sus características clínicas, el manejo del Mesotelioma Peritoneal según el Consenso de Chicago, los principios en cuidados de soporte como la ascitis peritoneal, el dolor, náuseas y vómitos, distrés psicosocial, así como la discusión del caso. Conclusión: El mesotelioma peritoneal es una enfermedad rara que puede ser rápidamente progresiva con una carga de enfermedad importante y pronóstico limitado. La instauración temprana de cuidados paliativos en pacientes con neoplasia incurable como el mesotelioma peritoneal permite el abordaje una mejor calidad de vida del paciente, así como de cumplir objetivos acordes a la situación clínica de cada paciente. (provisto por Infomedic International)
Introduction: Peritoneal mesotheliomas originate from the cells lining the serosa of the body cavities, 15% originate from the peritoneum. Their incidence is 0.2 to 3 cases per million personnel per year. They are rare tumors and their overall survival is limited to 12 months. The aim of this case report is to describe an atypical presentation of this entity and to review the literature. Materials and methods: A description of a case was made in the oncology outpatient clinic diagnosed with well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma of primary peritoneum diagnosed in 2012 who in 2022 maintains 10 years of overall survival and a review of the literature was performed based on the clinical case. Results: We define the types of peritoneal mesothelioma, its clinical features, the management of peritoneal mesothelioma according to the Chicago Consensus, the principles in supportive care such as peritoneal ascites, pain, nausea and vomiting, psychosocial distress, as well as the discussion of the case. Conclusion: Peritoneal mesothelioma is a rare disease that can be rapidly progressive with a significant disease burden and limited prognosis. The early establishment of palliative care in patients with incurable neoplasm such as peritoneal mesothelioma allows the approach to a better quality of life of the patient, as well as to meet objectives according to the clinical situation of each patient. (provided by Infomedic International)
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Scientific practices stemming from colonialism, whereby middle- and low-income countries supply data for high-income countries and the contributions of local expertise are devalued, are still prevalent today in the field of palaeontology. In response to these unjust practices, countries such as Mexico and Brazil adopted protective laws and regulations during the twentieth century to preserve their palaeontological heritage. However, scientific colonialism is still reflected in many publications describing fossil specimens recovered from these countries. Here, we present examples of 'palaeontological colonialism' from publications on Jurassic-Cretaceous fossils from NE Mexico and NE Brazil spanning the last three decades. Common issues that we identified in these publications are the absence of both fieldwork and export permit declarations and the lack of local experts among authorships. In Mexico, access to many fossil specimens is restricted on account of these specimens being housed in private collections, whereas a high number of studies on Brazilian fossils are based on specimens illegally reposited in foreign collections, particularly in Germany and Japan. Finally, we outline and discuss the wider academic and social impacts of these research practices, and propose exhaustive recommendations to scientists, journals, museums, research institutions and government and funding agencies in order to overcome these practices.
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Colonic lipomas are infrequent, benign, non-epithelial, fatty neoplasms. Most of the colonic lipomas are asymptomatic, but around 25% of patients may develop symptoms. Nowadays, surgical resection of the involved segment is the treatment of choice. We report three cases of colonic intussusceptions caused by colonic lipomas in adult patients. The patients underwent surgical resection, and the diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological examination of the specimens.
Los lipomas colónicos son neoplasias benignas, adiposas, no epiteliales poco frecuentes. La mayoría de los lipomas de colon son asintomáticos, pero alrededor del 25% de los pacientes pueden desarrollar síntomas. En la actualidad, la resección quirúrgica del segmento afectado es el tratamiento de elección. Presentamos tres casos de intususcepción intestinal secundaria a lipomas colónicos en pacientes adultos. Los pacientes fueron sometidos a resección quirúrgica y el diagnóstico se confirmó mediante examen histopatológico.
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Neoplasias do Colo , Intussuscepção , Lipoma , Adulto , Neoplasias do Colo/complicações , Humanos , Intussuscepção/diagnóstico por imagem , Intussuscepção/etiologia , Intussuscepção/cirurgia , Lipoma/complicações , Lipoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Lipoma/cirurgiaRESUMO
OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar los resultados perioperatorios y a largo plazo de los pacientes sometidos a exenteración pélvica para cáncer de recto en un centro de referencia en la Ciudad de México. MÉTODO: Se incluyeron todos los pacientes que se sometieron a exenteración pélvica por cáncer de recto entre 1995 y 2019. Se analizaron variables demográficas, clínicas, quirúrgicas y patológicas. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 18 pacientes operados por cáncer de recto (16 localmente avanzados y 2 recurrentes). La relación hombre: mujer fue de 1:3.5. La morbilidad mayor fue del 27.7%. El sangrado intraoperatorio ≥ 1000 ml se asoció con morbilidad (80 vs. 20%; p = 0,029) y mortalidad posoperatoria (100 vs. 0; p = 0.043). La mediana de sobrevida global fue 102 meses. Las sobrevidas global y libre de enfermedad a los 5 años fueron del 44.4% y el 38.8%, respectivamente. La invasión linfovascular fue un factor de mal pronóstico para sobrevida libre de enfermedad (p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONES: La exenteración pélvica para el cáncer de recto es un procedimiento quirúrgico con altas morbilidad y mortalidad. La invasión linfovascular es un factor de mal pronóstico para la sobrevida libre de enfermedad. INTRODUCTION: Pelvic exenteration is a radical treatment for locally advanced and recurrent pelvic tumors. The aim of this study was to analyze the perioperative and long-term outcomes of patients undergoing pelvic exenteration for rectal cancer at a referral center in Mexico City. METHOD: We included all patients who underwent pelvic exenteration due to rectal cancer between 1995 and 2019. Demographic, clinical, surgical and pathological variables were analyzed. RESULTS: 18 patients were included (16 locally advanced and 2 recurrent). The male-female ratio was 1:3.5. The highest morbidity was 27.7%. Intraoperative bleeding ≥ 1000 ml was associated with postoperative morbidity (80 vs. 20%; p = 0.029) and mortality (100 vs. 0; p = 0.043). The median overall survival was 102 months. Overall survival and disease free survival at 5 years after exenteration were 44.4% and 38.8%, respectively. Lymphovascular invasion of the tumor was a poor prognostic factor for disease free survival (p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: Pelvic exenteration for rectal cancer is a surgical procedure with high morbidity and mortality. Lymphovascular invasion is a poor prognostic factor for disease-free survival.
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Exenteração Pélvica , Neoplasias Retais , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Neoplasias Retais/cirurgia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Myoepithelial carcinoma of the salivary glands is a rare entity, with scarce amount of case reports in the literature. Due to its infrequency, its diagnosis is usually difficult and uncertain. Although there are reports of locoregional recurrences and distant metastases, its low incidence and varied biological behavior limits the clinical evidence that can be used to predict the prognosis and determine the course of treatment. We present a 23-year-old female patient without past medical history with an initial 1-year history of volume increase in the right parotid region of tumor aspect and painful on palpation. As a malignancy was suspected, a total parotidectomy was performed, reporting in the deep lobe a parotid myoepithelial carcinoma with vascular and neural invasion, negative borders, and 3-9 negative regional nodes. During her 16-year clinical evolution, she presented approximately every 2 years and a total of 9 locoregional recurrences and hepatic metastases, including cervical lymphoid nodules, temporal bone, frontal bone, and temporal fossa. Those recurrences have been treated with coordinated efforts between repeated external radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and multiple surgical resections. Myoepithelial tumors represent only 1.0-1.5% of all salivary gland tumors. The literature reports suggest a high incidence of locoregional recurrences and distant metastases in de novo myoepithelial carcinomas. Due to its rarity, treatment continues to be based on the experience of medical staff.
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BACKGROUND: Muscle mass and visceral fat may be assessed at the level of the third lumbar vertebra (L3) in computed tomography (CT). Both variables have been related with adverse surgical outcomes. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to study the association of skeletal muscle index (SMI) and visceral fat area (VFA) with 30-day mortality in colorectal surgery. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study conducted at a tertiary referral hospital in Mexico City. Patients who underwent colorectal surgery with primary anastomosis from January 2007 to December 2018 were included in the study. Their preoperative CT scans were analyzed with the NIH ImageJ software at the level of the third lumbar vertebra to determine their SMI (L3-SMI) and the VFA. Logistic regression analysis (adjusted by surgery anatomical location) was used to determine the association between these variables and surgical 30-day mortality. RESULTS: A total of 548 patients were included; 30-day mortality was 4.18% (23 patients). On univariable analysis, L3-SMI, low SMI, anastomosis leak, pre-operative albumin, estimated blood loss, age, steroid use, Charlson comorbidity index score >2, and type of surgery were associated with 30-day mortality. On multivariable analysis, low SMI remained an independent risk factor with an odds ratio of 4.74, 95% confidence interval 1.22-18.36 (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Low SMI was found to be an independent risk factor for 30-day mortality in patients submitted to colorectal surgery with a primary anastomosis, whether for benign or malignant diagnosis. VFA was not associated with 30-day mortality.
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Anastomose Cirúrgica , Cirurgia Colorretal , Obesidade Abdominal/cirurgia , Sarcopenia , Cirurgia Colorretal/mortalidade , Humanos , Músculo Esquelético , Obesidade Abdominal/patologia , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to analyze the evidence regarding open versus laparoscopic surgery for the treatment of diverticular colovesical fistula (CVF) in terms of perioperative outcomes. METHODS: A systematic review was performed using PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases for studies comparing laparoscopic versus open surgery for CVF. We pooled odds ratios (OR) and mean differences (MD) using random or fixed effects models. RESULTS: Five non-randomized studies with 227 patients met the inclusion criteria. All were retrospective studies, published between 2014 and 2020. For laparoscopic surgery, the pooled rate for conversion to laparotomy was 36%. Laparoscopic and open procedures required similar operative time (MD: -11.62; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -51.41 to 28.16). No difference was found in terms of stoma rates between laparoscopic and open surgery (OR: 1.12; 95% CI 0.44-2.86). Overall, the rate of total postoperative complications was lower in the laparoscopic group (OR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.30-0.99). The pooled analysis showed equivalent rates of anastomotic leaks (OR: 0.61; 95% CI 0.15-2.45), surgical site infections (OR: 0.44; 95% CI 0.19-1.01), and mortality (OR: 0.18; 95% CI 0.03-1.15). The length of stay was significantly reduced with laparoscopic surgery (MD: -2.89; 95% CI -4.20 to -1.58). CONCLUSION: Among patients with CVF, the laparoscopic approach appears to have shorter hospital length of stay, with no differences in anastomotic leaks, surgical site infections, stoma rates, and mortality, when compared with open surgery.
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Fístula Intestinal , Laparoscopia , Colectomia , Humanos , Fístula Intestinal/etiologia , Fístula Intestinal/cirurgia , Tempo de Internação , Duração da Cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) after emergency presentation is associated with a worse prognosis. AIM: The aim of the study was to determine the sociodemographic factors related with emergency CRC surgery at our institution. METHODS: From January 2009 to December 2017, patients that underwent CRC surgery at our institution were included in the study. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to determine the effect of the potential risk factors on the rate of emergency surgery. RESULTS: A total of 247 patients underwent CRC surgery at our institution. The rate of emergency surgery was 7.7%. On univariate analysis, patients without a family history of cancer (odds ratio [OR]: 4.95), living in a rural area (OR: 3.7), and late clinical cancer stage (OR: 5.06) were associated with emergent surgery. Mid-income status was a protective factor for emergency surgery (OR: 0.14, p = 0.003). On multivariate analysis, late clinical cancer stage (OR: 4.41, 95% CI 1.21-16.05, p = 0.024) and mid-income economic status (OR: 0.41, 95% CI 0.04-0.55, p = 0.004) were identified as independent risk factors for emergency surgery. CONCLUSION: Social, economic, and demographic factors were identified as predictors for emergent CRC surgery.
ANTECEDENTES: El diagnóstico de cáncer colorrectal (CCR) en el contexto de urgencia está asociado a un mal pronóstico. OBJETIVO: Determinar los factores sociodemográficos asociados a cirugía de urgencia en el CCR en nuestra institución. MÉTODO: De enero de 2009 a diciembre de 2017 se incluyeron los pacientes operados de CCR y se realizaron análisis univariado y multivariado para determinar los potenciales factores de riesgo. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron en el estudio 247 pacientes operados de CCR. El 7.7% de las cirugías fueron de urgencia. En el análisis univariado, los pacientes sin antecedentes familiares de cáncer (odds ratio [OR]: 4.95), los habitantes de zonas rurales (OR: 3.7) y aquellos en etapas avanzadas del cáncer (OR: 5.06) se asociaron a cirugía de urgencia. Los pacientes con nivel socioeconómico medio tuvieron menos probabilidad de que su cirugía fuera de urgencia (OR: 0.14; p = 0.003). En el análisis multivariado, debutar con una etapa clínica avanzada (OR: 4.41; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 1.21-16.05; p = 0.024) y tener un nivel socioeconómico medio (OR: 0.41; IC95%: 0.04-0.55; p = 0.004) fueron factores independientes para cirugía de urgencia por CCR. CONCLUSIONES: Los factores sociales, económicos y demográficos se encontraron relacionados con la necesidad de cirugía de urgencia por CCR.
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Neoplasias Colorretais , Neoplasias Colorretais/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/cirurgia , Emergências , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Prognóstico , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
RESUMEN Introducción: las alteraciones cromosómicas tanto de número como de estructura, son causa importante de morbilidad y mortalidad. Afectan a aproximadamente uno de cada doscientos recién nacidos vivos, siendo la principal causa de discapacidad intelectual. Objetivo: describir el diagnóstico citogenético en una paciente afectada con discapacidad intelectual. Presentación del caso: infante de seis años de edad que es llevado a consulta de asesoramiento genético por presentar discapacidad intelectual, dismorfias y baja talla. Se realiza historia clínica genética, se aplica método clínico y diagnóstico citogenético. Se utilizó bandeo cromosómico GTG y se analizaron 25 metafases. Se realiza cariotipo donde se diagnostica una aberración cromosómica estructural (translocación compleja) en 25 metafases estudiadas, se evidencia la presencia de cuatro cromosomas autosómicos involucrados y los puntos de ruptura: 46,XX, t(7;10;14;18)(p22;q11.1;q31;q11.1). Conclusiones: el estudio permitió ofrecer un diagnóstico, definir el riesgo de recurrencia en la descendencia y mejorar el tratamiento. Se demostró la importancia del asesoramiento genético como herramienta en el nivel primario de salud.
ABSTRACT Introduction: chromosomal alterations both in number and structure are an important cause of morbidity and mortality. They affect approximately one out of every two-hundred live newborns, being the main cause of intellectual disability. Objective: to describe the cytogenetic diagnosis in a patient affected with intellectual disability. Case report: a 6-year-old child who was taken for genetic counseling due to intellectual disability, dysmorphias and short small height. Genetic clinical history was taken; clinical method and cytogenetic diagnosis were applied; GTG chromosome banding was applied and 25 metaphases were analyzed. A structural chromosomal aberration (complex translocation) was diagnosed in 25 metaphases studied, showing the presence of four (4) autosomal chromosomes involved and the breakpoints: 46,XX, t(7;10;14;18)(p22;q11.1;q31;q11.1). Conclusions: the study made possible to provide a diagnosis, define the risk of recurrence in the offspring and improve treatment, supporting the importance of genetic counseling which is a significant tool at primary health care level.
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BACKGROUND: The implementation of quality-of-care indicators aiming to improve colorectal cancer (CRC) outcomes has been previously described by Cancer Care Ontario. The aim of this study was to assess the quality-of-care indicators in CRC at a referral centre in a developing country and to determine whether improvement occurred over time. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of our prospectively collected database of patients after CRC surgery from 2001 to 2016. We excluded patients who underwent local transanal excision, pelvic exenteration or palliative procedures. We evaluated trends over time using the Cochran-Armitage test for trend. RESULTS: A total of 343 patients underwent surgical resection of CRC over the study period. There was improvement of the following indicators over time: the proportion of patients detected by screening (p = 0.03), the proportion of patients with preoperative liver imaging (p = 0.001), the proportion of patients with stage II or III rectal cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.03), the proportion of patients with pathology reports that indicated the number of lymph nodes examined and the number of positive nodes (p = 0.001), and the proportion of patients with pathology reports describing the details on margin status (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study showed the feasibility of applying the Cancer Care Ontario indicators for evaluating outcomes in CRC treatment at a single centre in a developing country. Although there was an improvement of some of the quality-of-care indicators over time, policies and interventions must be implemented to improve the fulfillment of all indicators.
CONTEXTE: Action Cancer Ontario a déjà décrit l'application d'indicateurs de la qualité des soins dans le but d'améliorer l'issue du cancer colorectal (CCR). Le but de cette étude était d'évaluer les indicateurs de la qualité de soins pour le CCR dans un centre de référence d'un pays en voie de développement et de déterminer si des améliorations ont pu être observées avec le temps. MÉTHODES: Nous avons procédé à une étude rétrospective de notre base de données recueillies prospectivement auprès de patients ayant subi une chirurgie pour CCR entre 2001 et 2016. Nous avons exclu les patients qui ont subi une exérèse transanale locale, une exentération pelvienne ou des traitements palliatifs. Nous avons évalué les tendances au fil du temps à l'aide du test CochranArmitage pour dégager les tendances. RÉSULTATS: En tout, 343 patients ont subi une résection chirurgicale de CCR au cours de la période de l'étude. On a noté une amélioration des indicateurs suivants au fil du temps : proportion de patients ayant subi un dépistage (p = 0,03), proportion de patients ayant subi des épreuves d'imagerie hépatique préopératoires (p = 0,001), proportion de patients atteints d'un cancer rectal de stade II ou III ayant reçu une chimiothérapie néoadjuvante (p = 0,03), proportion de patients dont les rapports d'anatomopathologie indiquaient le nombre de ganglions lymphatiques examinés et le nombre de ganglions positifs (p = 0,001) et proportion de patients dont les rapports d'anatomopathologie décrivaient le statut des marges (p = 0,001). CONCLUSION: Cette étude a démontré l'applicabilité des indicateurs d'Action Cancer Ontario pour évaluer les résultats du traitement pour CCR dans un seul centre d'un pays en voie de développement. Même si certains des indicateurs de la qualité des soins se sont améliorés au fil du temps, il faut appliquer des politiques et des interventions pour améliorer tous les indicateurs.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais/cirurgia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/epidemiologia , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde/métodos , Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à Saúde/organização & administração , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias Colorretais/mortalidade , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Seguimentos , Implementação de Plano de Saúde/organização & administração , Implementação de Plano de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/prevenção & controle , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Centros de Atenção Terciária/organização & administração , Centros de Atenção Terciária/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Clostridium difficile is an increasingly common source of in-patient morbidity and mortality. We aim to assess the effects of diverting loop ileostomy (DLI) versus total abdominal colectomy (TAC) for Clostridium difficile colitis (CDC), in terms of mortality and morbidity. METHODS: Systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases for randomized and non-randomized studies comparing DLI and TAC for fulminant CDC. Meta-analysis was carried out for mortality and postoperative complications. RESULTS: Five non-randomized studies qualified for inclusion in the quantitative synthesis. In total, 3683 patients were allocated to DLI (n = 733) or TAC (n = 2950). The overall mortality was equivalent (OR 0.73; 95% CI 0.45-1.20; P = 0.22). Regarding secondary outcomes, the pooled analysis revealed the following equivalent rates of postoperative events: thromboembolism (OR 0.45; 95% CI 0.14-1.43; P = 0.18), acute renal failure (OR 1.71; 95% CI 0.91-3.23; P = 0.10), surgical site infection (OR 0.95; 95% CI 0.11-8.59; P = 0.97), pneumonia (OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.36-2.66; P = 0.97), urinary tract infection (OR 0.81; 95% CI 0.26-2.52; P = 0.72), and reoperation (OR 0.95; 95% CI 0.50-1.82; P = 0.78). The ostomy reversal rate was significantly higher in DLI (OR 12.55; 95% CI 3.31-47.55; P = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS: The overall morbidity and mortality rates between DLI and TAC for the treatment of CDC seemed to be equivalent. Evidence from a randomized controlled trial is needed to clarify the timing and understand the impact of DLI for CDC.
Assuntos
Colectomia/métodos , Enterocolite Pseudomembranosa/mortalidade , Enterocolite Pseudomembranosa/cirurgia , Ileostomia/métodos , HumanosRESUMO
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer globally and the second cancer in terms of mortality. The prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with CRC ranges between 12%-60%. Sarcopenia comes from the Greek "sarx" for flesh, and "penia" for loss. Sarcopenia is considered a phenomenon of the aging process and precedes the onset of frailty (primary sarcopenia), but sarcopenia may also result from pathogenic mechanisms and that disorder is termed secondary sarcopenia. Sarcopenia diagnosis is confirmed by the presence of low muscle quantity or quality. Three parameters need to be measured: muscle strength, muscle quantity and physical performance. The standard method to evaluate muscle mass is by analyzing the tomographic total cross-sectional area of all muscle groups at the level of lumbar 3rd vertebra. Sarcopenia may negatively impact on the postoperative outcomes of patients with colorectal cancer undergoing surgical resection. It has been described an association between sarcopenia and numerous poor short-term CRC outcomes like increased perioperative mortality, postoperative sepsis, prolonged length of stay, increased cost of care and physical disability. Sarcopenia may also negatively impact on overall survival, disease-free survival, recurrence-free survival, and cancer-specific survival in patients with non-metastatic and metastatic colorectal cancer. Furthermore, patients with sarcopenia seem prone to toxic effects during chemotherapy, requiring dose deescalations or treatment delays, which seems to reduce treatment efficacy. A multimodal approach including nutritional support (dietary intake, high energy, high protein, and omega-3 fatty acids), exercise programs and anabolic-orexigenic agents (ghrelin, anamorelin), could contribute to muscle mass preservation. Addition of sarcopenia screening to the established clinical-pathological scores for patients undergoing oncological treatment (chemotherapy, radiotherapy or surgery) seems to be the next step for the best of care of CRC patients.
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RESUMEN Introducción: la enfermedad cerebrovascular es la segunda causa de muerte en el mundo y representa la causa más frecuente de discapacidad permanente en adultos. Objetivo: determinar los factores de riesgo de enfermedades cerebrovasculares en el municipio San Juan y Martínez, durante el año 2017. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptiva y transversal. El universo estuvo constituido por 56 pacientes que fueron atendidos en el servicio de cuidados intensivos en el período estudiado. La muestra estuvo representada por 44 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: según grupo de edad hubo una mayor representatividad es de 70 a 79 años, el 72,8 % reside en zona urbana, el 70,4 % presentó Palpitaciones, los factores de riesgo malos hábitos alimentarios 75,0, las principales secuelas que presentaron los pacientes luego de sufrir una enfermedad cerebrovascular, se evidenció que el 79,5 % tuvieron problemas relacionados con el lenguaje. Conclusiones: las enfermedades cerebrovasculares son un grave problema de salud con imperiosa necesidad de trabajo intersectorial, continuo, enérgico y donde las tareas de promoción y prevención desempeñan un importante papel.
ABSTRACT Introduction: cerebrovascular disease is the second leading cause of death in the world and represents the most frequent cause of permanent disability in adults. Objective: to determine the risk factors for cerebrovascular diseases in the San Juan y Martínez municipality, during 2017. Methods: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted. The target group included 56 patients who attended the intensive care service in the period studied. The sample comprised 44 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Results: according to age group there was a greater representativeness from 70 to 79 years, 72.8% reside in urban areas, 70.4% presented palpitations, the risk factors related to bad eating habits reached 75.0 %, the main sequelae that patients presented after suffering from a cerebrovascular disease, was proved that 79.5% had problems related to language. Conclusions: cerebrovascular diseases continue to be, without a doubt, a serious health problem with a vital need of intersectorial work, which should be continuous, active and where promotion and prevention tasks play an important role.