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RESUMEN Introducción. El trasplante autólogo de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas es una terapia eficaz en neoplasias malignas hematológicas. El número de células que CD34+ en sangre periférica es el mejor predictor del rendimiento de recolección de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas. Objetivo. Determinar el número de células CD34+ en sangre periférica asociado al éxito de recolección de progenitores hematopoyéticos por aféresis en trasplante autólogo. Métodos. Se evaluó retrospectivamente los datos de 236 procedimientos de aféresis de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas para el trasplante autólogo en el Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (Lima, Perú) de julio del 2020 a julio del 2023. Se utilizó la curva ROC (características operativas del receptor) para determinar el número de células CD34+ en sangre periférica necesario para lograr una recolección por aféresis ≥ 2 x 106 células CD34+/kg. Resultados. El 61% fueron hombres, con mediana de edad de 58 años, el valor de corte fue de 18,38 células CD34+/μL (sensibilidad de 94,1% y especificidad de 96,9%). Conclusión. El número de células CD34+ sangre periférica para una recolección exitosa de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas para el trasplante autólogo fue de 18,38 células CD34+/μL.

ABSTRACT Introduction. Autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation is an effective therapy in hematological malignancies, the number of CD34+ cells in peripheral blood is the best predictor of hematopoietic progenitor cell harvesting performance. Objective. To determine the number of CD34+ cells in peripheral blood associated with the successful collection of hematopoietic progenitors by apheresis in autologous transplantation. Methods. The data of 236 hematopoietic progenitor cell apheresis procedures for autologous transplantation at the Edgardo Rebagliati Martins Hospital (Lima, Peru) were retrospectively evaluated from July 2020 to July 2023. The ROC (receiver operating characteristics) curve was used to determine the number of CD34+ cells in peripheral blood necessary to achieve an collection by apheresis ≥ 2 x 106 CD34+ cells/kg. Results. 61% were men, with a median age of 58 years, the cut-off value was 18.38 CD34+ cells/μL (sensitivity of 94.1% and specificity of 96.9%). Conclusion. The number of peripheral blood CD34+cells for successful collection of hematopoietic progenitor cells for autologous transplantation was 18.38 CD34+ cells/μL.

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa en una bacteria Gram negativa no fermentadora que produce diversos tipos de infecciones severas en inmunocompetentes e inmunodeprimidos. Una de estas infecciones es la otitis externa maligna, la cual se presenta principalmente en personas con diabetes mellitus y puede tener una evolución tórpida cursando con osteomielitis de base de cráneo y parálisis de nervios craneales. El tratamiento es individualizado y principalmente conservador con antibioticoterapia guiada por cultivo. La bacteria aislada en la mayoría de los casos reportados es sensible a los antibióticos anti-pseudomónicos. Reportamos un caso de presentación inusual de otitis externa maligna por Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistente a carbapenémicos con evidencia sugerente de compromiso bilateral y en el cual se aisló al mismo germen en urocultivo y hemocultivos, lo que indicaría una diseminación hematógena del microorganismo.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a non-fermenting Gram-negative bacterium that produces several types of severe infections in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients. One of these infections is malignant otitis externa, which occurs mainly in people with diabetes mellitus and can have a torpid evolution coursing with osteomyelitis of skull base and cranial nerve palsies. Treatment is individualized and mainly conservative with culture-guided antibiotic therapy, with isolated pseudomonas being sensitive to anti-pseudomonal antibiotics in the majority of reported cases. We report a case of unusual presentation of malignant otitis externa caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to carbapenems with suggestive evidence of bilateral involvement and in which the same germ was isolated in urine and blood cultures, which would indicate hematogenous dissemination of the microorganism.

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Purpose: Endothelial damage and angiogenesis are fundamental elements of neovascularisation and fibrosis observed in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here, we aimed to evaluate whether early endothelial and angiogenic biomarkers detection predicts mortality and major cardiovascular events in patients with COVID-19 requiring respiratory support. Methods: Changes in serum syndecan-1, thrombomodulin, and angiogenic factor concentrations were analysed during the first 24 h and 10 days after COVID-19 hospitalisation in patients with high-flow nasal oxygen or mechanical ventilation. Also, we performed an exploratory evaluation of the endothelial migration process induced by COVID-19 in the patients' serum using an endothelial cell culture model. Results: In 43 patients, mean syndecan-1 concentration was 40.96 ± 106.9 ng/mL with a 33.9% increase (49.96 ± 58.1 ng/mL) at day 10. Both increases were significant compared to healthy controls (Kruskal-Wallis p < 0.0001). We observed an increase in thrombomodulin, Angiopoietin-2, human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and human hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) concentrations during the first 24 h, with a decrease in human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) that remained after 10 days. An increase in human Interleukin-8 (IL-8) on the 10th day accompanied by high HGF was also noted. The incidence of myocardial injury and pulmonary thromboembolism was 55.8 and 20%, respectively. The incidence of in-hospital deaths was 16.3%. Biomarkers showed differences in severity of COVID-19. Syndecan-1, human platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), VEGF, and Ang-2 predicted mortality. A multiple logistic regression model with TIMP-2 and PDGF had positive and negative predictive powers of 80.9 and 70%, respectively, for mortality. None of the biomarkers predicted myocardial injury or pulmonary thromboembolism. A proteome profiler array found changes in concentration in a large number of biomarkers of angiogenesis and chemoattractants. Finally, the serum samples from COVID-19 patients increased cell migration compared to that from healthy individuals. Conclusion: We observed that early endothelial and angiogenic biomarkers predicted mortality in patients with COVID-19. Chemoattractants from patients with COVID-19 increase the migration of endothelial cells. Trials are needed for confirmation, as this poses a therapeutic target for SARS-CoV-2.

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This review seeks to clarify the factors involved in the various immune responses to SARSCoV- 2 infection and the mechanisms that influence the development of COVID-19 with severe evolution. The innate immune response that evolves against SARS-CoV-2 in a complex way is highlighted, integrating multiple pathways by coronaviruses to evade it, in addition to characterizing the adaptive immune response, which can lead to an effective immune response or can contribute to immunopathological imbalance. In turn, host-dependent biomarkers, such as age, gender, ABO blood group, and risk factors, that contribute to the critical and varied progress of COVID-19 immunopathogenesis are analyzed. Finally, the potential vaccine candidates are presented, capable of generating immune protection with humoral and/or cellular neutralizing responses, in favor of blocking and destroying both the new human coronavirus and its variants, which cause the current pandemic.

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INTRODUCTION: Latin America accounts for one-quarter of global COVID-19 cases and one-third of deaths. Inequalities in the region lead to barriers to the best use of diagnostic tests during the pandemic. There is a need for simplified guidelines that consider the region's limited health resources, international guidelines, medical literature, and local expertise. METHODS: Using a modified Delphi method, 9 experts from Latin American countries developed a simplified algorithm for COVID-19 diagnosis on the basis of their answers to 24 questions related to diagnostic settings, and discussion of the literature and their experiences. RESULTS: The algorithm considers 3 timeframes (≤7 days, 8-13 days, and ≥14 days) and presents diagnostic options for each. SARS-CoV-2 real- time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction is the test of choice from day 1 to 14 after symptom onset or close contact, although antigen testing may be used in specific circumstances, from day 5 to 7. Antibody assays may be used for confirmation, usually after day 14; however, if clinical suspicion is very high, but other tests are negative, these assays may be used as an adjunct to decision-making from day 8 to 13. CONCLUSION: The proposed algorithm aims to support COVID-19 diagnosis decision-making in Latin America.

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La higiene de manos se hace indispensable cuando existe la posibilidad de la presencia de cepas patógenas. El objetivo fue conocer los hábitos de higiene de manos de los estudiantes de medicina; así como la población bacteriana residente en la palma de las manos. Se llevo a cabo un estudio observacional, descriptivo de tipo transversal, y se realizó una encuesta sobre la conducta de higiene de manos a 100 alumnos, y a otros 33 alumnos se les realizó cultivo microbiológico de la superficie palmar. En relación a los hábitos de higiene, la conducta el 70% tiene una frecuencia de lavarse las manos apropiada, el 88% se lava las manos luego del uso de los servicios higiénicos; y el 64 % se lava las manos antes de tomar los alimentos. La actitud a la higiene, el 28% no consume alimentos en ambulantes, el 32% se lava las manos al llegar a casa, y el 64% de los estudiantes se llevan la mano a la boca o nariz en forma ocasional. En prevención de contagio con el uso de antibacterianos es apropiada en el 31%; el cuidado de las uñas es apropiado en el 63%; y el uso de guantes durante las prácticas de laboratorio es apropiado en el 44%. Se aislaron los siguientes microorganismos patógenos: S.aureus con 20 casos (60.6 %), P. aeruginosa, Enterobacter y S.viridans, uno en cada caso. Por lo tanto, deben organizarse talleres o campañas de difusión para concientizar y modular los hábitos de higiene de manos en los alumnos.

The objective was to know the hand hygiene habits of medical students; as well as the bacterial population resident in the palm of the hands. An observational, descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. Likewise, a hand hygiene behavior survey was carried out on 100 students, and a microbiological culture of the palmar surface was carried out on 33 other students. Regarding hygiene habits, 74% showed an appropriate attitude. The hygiene attitude was appropriate in 41.3% and 46% in relation to the prevention of contagion. The following pathogenic microorganisms were isolated: S.aureus with 20 cases (60.6%), P. aeruginosa, Enterobacter and S.viridans, one in each case. Therefore, workshops or dissemination campaigns should be organized to raise awareness and modulate hand hygiene habits in students.

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Non-O1, non-O139 Vibrio cholerae (NOVC) strains are an uncommon cause of gastroenteritis. However, they have been recently associated with severe extraintestinal infections in immunocompromised hosts. Among them, bacteremia in cirrhotic patients is noteworthy. We present the case of a 58-year-old woman with cirrhosis that developed septic shock, multiple organ failure and died four days after admission. Blood cultures yielded Gram-negative rods identified as Vibrio cholerae. Further serogrouping by slide agglutination and a negative PCR for ctxA gen confirmed the strain to be NOVC. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed sensitivity to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin; and resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. To the best of our knowledge, this is first report in Peru, described in the Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, of NOVC bacteremia.

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The relative dislocation density of aluminum and copper samples is quantitatively measured using linear Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy (RUS). For each metallic group, four samples were prepared with different thermomechanical treatments in order to induce changes in their dislocation densities. The RUS results are compared with Nonlinear Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy (NRUS) as well as Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) measurements. NRUS has a higher sensitivity by a factor of two to six and SHG by 14⁻62%. The latter technique is, however, faster and simpler. As a main result, we obtain a quantitative relation between the changes in the nonlinear parameters and the dislocation density variations, which in a first approximation is a linear relation between these differences. We also present a simple theoretical expression that explains the better sensitivity to dislocation content of the nonlinear parameters with respect to the linear ones. X-Ray diffraction measurements, although intrusive and less accurate, support the acoustics results.

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Vibrio cholerae serogrupo NO-O1/NO-O139 (VCNO) es causa infrecuente de gastroenteritis. Sin embargo, se le asocia a infección extra-intestinal severa en huéspedes inmunocomprometidos, y entre ellas, la bacteremia en pacientes con cirrosis hepática es digna de mención. A continuación, presentamos el caso de una mujer de 58 años, con el diagnóstico de cirrosis hepática de fondo, que desarrolló progresivamente choque séptico, disfunción orgánica múltiple y desenlace fatal al cuarto día de su admisión. Los resultados obtenidos post mortem, de los hemocultivos previamente tomados, aislaron bacilos gram negativos compatibles con Vibrio cholerae. Posteriormente, se identificó el serogrupo NO-O1/NO-O139, a través de aglutinación en placa y PCR negativo para el gen ctxA. El antibiograma mostró susceptibilidad conservada a ampicilina, cloranfenicol, tetraciclina y ciprofloxacino, con resistencia al trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol. El presente caso, descrito en el Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, es hasta la fecha, el primer reporte de bacteremia VCNO en el Perú.

Non-O1, non-O139 Vibrio cholerae (NOVC) strains are an uncommon cause of gastroenteritis. However, they have been recently associated with severe extraintestinal infections in immunocompromised hosts. Among them, bacteremia in cirrhotic patients is noteworthy. We present the case of a 58-year-old woman with cirrhosis that developed septic shock, multiple organ failure and died four days after admission. Blood cultures yielded Gram-negative rods identified as Vibrio cholerae. Further serogrouping by slide agglutination and a negative PCR for ctxA gen confirmed the strain to be NOVC. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed sensitivity to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin; and resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. To the best of our knowledge, this is first report in Peru, described in the Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, of NOVC bacteremia.

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The emergence of Enterobacteria producing carbapenemases of type New Delhi Metalo beta-lactamases (NDM), >represent, today, a real problem of world public health. The presence of this resistance mechanism limits or nullifies the therapeutic options to combat these bacteria. In Latin America, the figures are getting higher, as they are reported in Guatemala, Colombia, Chile, Argentina, among others. Peru has not, to date, described the presence of this resistance pattern; however for several years it has been presumed to exist. Nine cases of Klebsiella pneumoniae NDM are described, as infectious or colonizing agents, in critically ill patients, mostly with neurosurgical pathology, of Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo in Lima - Peru. The patients in the series described below represent the first reports of Klebsiella pneumoniae NDM in Peru.

La emergencia de enterobacterias productoras de carbapenemasas de tipo Nueva Delhi Metalo beta-lactamasas (NDM), representan, hoy en día, un verdadero problema de salud pública mundial. La presencia de este mecanismo de resistencia limita o anula las opciones terapéuticas para combatir a estas bacterias. En Latinoamérica, las cifras son cada vez más elevadas, pues se reportan en Guatemala, Colombia, Chile, Argentina, entre otros. Perú no ha descrito, hasta la fecha, la presencia de este patrón de resistencia; sin embargo, desde hace varios años se presume de su existencia. Se describen nueve casos de Klebsiella pneumoniae NDM, como agentes infecciosos o colonizantes, en pacientes críticamente enfermos, en su mayoría con patología neuroquirúrgica, del Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, en Lima - Perú. Los pacientes de la serie descrita a continuación, representan los primeros reportes de Klebsiella pneumoniae NDM en el Perú.

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RESUMEN La emergencia de enterobacterias productoras de carbapenemasas de tipo Nueva Delhi Metalo beta-lactamasas (NDM), representan, hoy en día, un verdadero problema de salud pública mundial. La presencia de este mecanismo de resistencia limita o anula las opciones terapéuticas para combatir a estas bacterias. En Latinoamérica, las cifras son cada vez más elevadas, pues se reportan en Guatemala, Colombia, Chile, Argentina, entre otros. Perú no ha descrito, hasta la fecha, la presencia de este patrón de resistencia; sin embargo, desde hace varios años se presume de su existencia. Se describen nueve casos de Klebsiella pneumoniae NDM, como agentes infecciosos o colonizantes, en pacientes críticamente enfermos, en su mayoría con patología neuroquirúrgica, del Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, en Lima - Perú. Los pacientes de la serie descrita a continuación, representan los primeros reportes de Klebsiella pneumoniae NDM en el Perú.

ABSTRACT The emergence of Enterobacteria producing carbapenemases of type New Delhi Metalo beta-lactamases (NDM), >represent, today, a real problem of world public health. The presence of this resistance mechanism limits or nullifies the therapeutic options to combat these bacteria. In Latin America, the figures are getting higher, as they are reported in Guatemala, Colombia, Chile, Argentina, among others. Peru has not, to date, described the presence of this resistance pattern; however for several years it has been presumed to exist. Nine cases of Klebsiella pneumoniae NDM are described, as infectious or colonizing agents, in critically ill patients, mostly with neurosurgical pathology, of Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo in Lima - Peru. The patients in the series described below represent the first reports of Klebsiella pneumoniae NDM in Peru.

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BACKGROUND: Stillbirth is the mayor contributor to perinatal mortality. AIM: To report a system for classification of fetal deaths. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of 29,916 births with 258 fetal deaths that occurred in a public hospital. Data were obtained from audit reports of stillbirths. The method for classification “obstetric condition relevant to the death” was applied, based on obstetric and placental pathological findings analyzed exclusively by a single obstetrician and a single pathologist. RESULTS: Ninety two percent of obstetric conditions causing fetal death were identified. The most commonly reported were ascending bacterial infection in 26%, congenital anomalies in 19%, arterial hypertension in 12% and placental pathology in 12%. Fetal growth restriction was identified in 50% of stillbirths. Ninety percent were secondary to a primary obstetric condition and 10% had an unexplained cause. Placental abruption as the final cause of fetal death was identified in 60% of cases with arterial hypertension, 43% of cases with placental pathology and 37% of ascending infections. Fetal deaths occurred during pregnancy in 82% of cases and during labor in 17%. Intrapartum asphyxia occurred in 0.8% of stillbirths and presented in term pregnancies. CONCLUSIONS: The “obstetric condition relevant to the death” method for classification of fetal death is effective to identify the originating obstetric cause of stillbirth and reduces the impact of fetal growth restriction and intrapartum asphyxia as the leading causes of death.

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Background: Stillbirth is the mayor contributor to perinatal mortality. Aim: To report a system for classification of fetal deaths. Material and Methods: Retrospective cohort study of 29,916 births with 258 fetal deaths that occurred in a public hospital. Data were obtained from audit reports of stillbirths. The method for classification “obstetric condition relevant to the death” was applied, based on obstetric and placental pathological findings analyzed exclusively by a single obstetrician and a single pathologist. Results: Ninety two percent of obstetric conditions causing fetal death were identified. The most commonly reported were ascending bacterial infection in 26%, congenital anomalies in 19%, arterial hypertension in 12% and placental pathology in 12%. Fetal growth restriction was identified in 50% of stillbirths. Ninety percent were secondary to a primary obstetric condition and 10% had an unexplained cause. Placental abruption as the final cause of fetal death was identified in 60% of cases with arterial hypertension, 43% of cases with placental pathology and 37% of ascending infections. Fetal deaths occurred during pregnancy in 82% of cases and during labor in 17%. Intrapartum asphyxia occurred in 0.8% of stillbirths and presented in term pregnancies. Conclusions: The “obstetric condition relevant to the death” method for classification of fetal death is effective to identify the originating obstetric cause of stillbirth and reduces the impact of fetal growth restriction and intrapartum asphyxia as the leading causes of death.

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A complete mineralization of a textile dye widely used in the Chilean textile industry, acid yellow 42 (AY42), was studied. Degradation was carried out in an aqueous solution containing 100mgL(-1) of total organic carbon (TOC) of dye using the advanced solar photoelectro-Fenton (SPEF) process in a lab-scale pilot plant consisting of a filter press cell, which contains a boron doped diamond electrode and an air diffusion cathode (BDD/air-diffusion cell), coupled with a solar photoreactor for treat 8L of wastewater during 270min of electrolysis. The main results obtained during the degradation of the textile dye were that a complete transformation to CO2 depends directly on the applied current density, the concentration of Fe(2+) used as catalyst, and the solar radiation intensity. The elimination of AY42 and its organic intermediates was due to hydroxyl radicals formed at the anode surface from water oxidation and in the bulk from Fenton's reaction between electrogenerated H2O2 and added Fe(2+). The application of solar radiation in the process (SPEF) yield higher current efficiencies and lower energy consumptions than electro-Fenton (EF) and electro-oxidation with electrogenerated H2O2 (E OH2O2) by the additional production of hydroxyl radicals from the photolysis of Fe(III) hydrated species and the photodecomposition of Fe(III) complexes with organic intermediates. Moreover, some products and intermediates formed during mineralization of dye, such as inorganic ions, carboxylic acids and aromatic compounds were determined by photometric and chromatographic methods. An oxidation pathway is proposed for the complete conversion to CO2.

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Introducción: La talla baja idiopática (TBI) se define como talla ≤ 2 desviaciones estándar (DE) sin causa precisada. El uso de la hormona de crecimiento (GH) en TBI es controvertido y no existen resultados de talla final (TF) en pacientes chilenos. El objetivo de este trabajo es comparar la TF de pacientes con TBI tratados con GH con la predicción de talla adulta al inicio de tratamiento. Pacientes y método: 18/47 pacientes con TBI tratados con GH y que alcanzaron su TF. Se definió TF con edad ósea (EO) ≥ 17 años en hombres y ≥ 15 años en mujeres. Para comparar se consideró la DE de la talla según curvas NCHS al inicio y final de tratamiento. El pronóstico de talla adulta (PTA) se calculó utilizando la EO mediante el método de Bayley-Pinneau. Resultados: La talla inicial fue 133,1 ± 6,8 cm (-2,1 ± 0,85 DE) y el PTA de -1,94 ± 0,86 DE. Los pacientes se trataron desde los 11,6 ± 1,2 años durante un tiempo de 1,56 ± 0,65 años. Al año de tratamiento su talla fue -1,64 ± 0,69 DE y la talla final fue -1,28 ± 0,62 DE (163,76 ± 7,22 cm). Se obtuvo un aumento en la TF de 2,67 ± 5,88 cm (equivalente a 0,67 ± 0,9 DE). Conclusión: Nuestros resultados demuestran que el tratamiento con GH fue eficaz para incrementar TF en pacientes con TBI, con una duración mayor a un año de tratamiento. Hasta donde sabemos este constituye el primer reporte de talla final en pacientes chilenos con TBI tratados con GH.

Introduction: Idiopathic short stature (ISS) is defined as a height of < - 2 standard deviations (SD) from the mean for age. The use of Growth Hormone (GH) in ISS is controversial, and there are not results for adult height (AH) in Chilean patients with ISS treated with GH. The objective of the study is to compare AH in patients treated with GH with the height prediction at beginning of treatment. Patients and Method: AH was considered with bone age ≥ 17 in males and ≥15 in females. The height SD according to the NCHS curves at beginning and ending of treatment were used for the comparison. Height prediction (HP) was calculated by Bayley-Pinneau method. Results: AH was reached by 18/47 patients with ISS treated with GH. Initial height -2.1 ± 0.85 SD (133.1 ± 6.8 cm) and HP -1.94 ± 0.86 SD, and were treated since 11.6 ±1.2 years old. After one year of treatment their height was -1.64 ±0.69 SD, and AH was -1.28 + -0.62 SD (163.76 +-7.22 cm). Conclusion: It is suggested that treatment with GH for ISS is effective to increase AH. Although with wide individual variability, a mean increase of 0.67 ± 0.9 SD (+2.67 cm) was obtained in the AH. This is the first report on Adult Height in Chilean patients.

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INTRODUCTION: Idiopathic short stature (ISS) is defined as a height of < or = 2 standard deviations (SD) from the mean for age. The use of Growth Hormone (GH) in ISS is controversial, and there are not results for adult height (AH) in Chilean patients with ISS treated with GH. The objective of the study is to compare AH in patients treated with GH with the height prediction at beginning of treatment. PATIENTS AND METHOD: AH was considered with bone age ≥ 17 in males and ≥15 in females. The height SD according to the NCHS curves at beginning and ending of treatment were used for the comparison. Height prediction (HP) was calculated by Bayley-Pinneau method. RESULTS: AH was reached by 18/47 patients with ISS treated with GH. Initial height -2.1 ± 0.85 SD (133.1±6.8 cm) and HP -1.94±0.86 SD, and were treated since 11.6 ± 1.2 years old. After one year of treatment their height was -1.64 ± 0.69 SD, and AH was -1.28 +/- 0.62 SD (163.76 +/- 7.22 cm). CONCLUSION: It is suggested that treatment with GH for ISS is effective to increase AH. Although with wide individual variability, a mean increase of 0.67±0.9 SD (+2.67 cm) was obtained in the AH. This is the first report on Adult Height in Chilean patients.

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We report the draft genome sequence from Aeromonas salmonicida sp. strain CBA100, which was characterized as an antibiotic-resistant bacterium isolated from infected rainbow trout. The total size of the genome is 4,788,109 bp, with a G + C content of 60.55%. Comparison of its open reading frames shows that the closest homologue to one third of the genes of strain CBA100 are found in A. hydrophila. The strain contains several efflux pumps and putative genes that confer resistance to multiclass antibiotics, including macrolide, ß-lactamics, florfenicol and quinolones. The antibiogram profile suggests that efflux pumps are the main mechanism of resistance to non-ß-lactamic antibiotics. This is the first genome of a Chilean isolate of A. salmonicida, which should shed light on the design of strain-specific vaccines against this pathogen and reduce the use of antibiotics for preventive treatment in Chilean aquaculture.

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OBJETIVO: Determinar que la hemoglobina reticulocitaria (CHr) es un indicador de tamizaje del déficit de hierro en niños menores de 3 años atendidos en el Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo durante el año 2013. METODOLOGIA: El estudio fue de tipo observacional, analítico, prospectivo de corte transversal; la muestra estuvo constituida por 182 niños de 6 a 36 meses de edad atendidos en el servicio de neonatología del Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo. Los datos fueron recolectados en una ficha de recolección de datos. Se estimó para variables cualitativas: frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Para el caso de variables cuantitativas se estimaron medidas de tendencia central como media y para medidas de dispersión la desviación estándar y rango. Para el análisis inferencial se utilizó la prueba de independencia Chi cuadrado. El análisis se realizó con el programa estadístico SPSS versión 21. RESULTADOS: La edad promedio de los niños atendidos es 12.0±7.3 meses, estando la mayoría entre 6-12 meses (70.3 por ciento). El 41.2 por ciento pertenece al distrito de Cercado de Lima y el 32.4 por ciento al distrito de La Victoria. El sexo femenino fue el más predominante dentro del estudio (54.9 por ciento). Se observó déficit hierro en el 64.8 por ciento del total de población y sin déficit en un 35.2 por ciento. Con respecto a la deficiencia de hierro según edad de la población en estudio: el 78 por ciento de los niños del grupo con déficit y el 56.2 por ciento sin déficit de hierro se encontraron entre 6-12 meses, encontrando que existe relación entre la edad y la deficiencia de hierro (p<0.001). Por otro lado se observa relación entre el lugar de procedencia y la deficiencia de hierro (p=0.004). El valor del nivel de ferritina sérica esta correlacionado con el nivel de hemoglobina reticulocitaria en -0.448 y está correlación se considera significativo (p<0.001), asimismo el valor del porcentaje de saturación de transferrina se correlaciona en -0.416 con evidencia significativa...

OBJECTIVE: To determine that the reticulocyte hemoglobin (CHr) is an indicator of iron deficiency screening in children younger than 3 years attended at the Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo in 2013. METHODOLOGY: The study was observational, analytical, prospective cross- sectional, the sample consisted of 182 children from 6-36 months old treated in the neonatology service of the National Hospital Dos de Mayo. There data were collected in a list of collection of data. For qualitative variables were estimated: absolute and relative frequencies. In the case of quantitative variables were estimated measures of central tendency as mean and for measures of deviation the standard and range. For the inferential analysis was used chi-square test of independence. The analysis was performed using SPSS version 21. RESULTS: The average age of children in care is 12.0±7.3 months, with most between 6 to 12 months (70.3 per cent). The 41.2 per cent belongs to the district of Cercado de Lima and 32.4 per cent to the district of La Victoria. Female sex was the most predominant in the study (54.9 per cent). Iron deficiency was observed in 64.8 per cent of the total population and without defect in a 35.2 per cent. With respect to iron deficiency according to age of the study population: 78 per cent of the children in the deficit and 56.2 per cent without iron deficiency had age between 6-12 months, finding that there is a relationship between age and iron deficiency (p<0.001). Moreover there are relationship between the place of origin and iron deficiency (p=0.004). The value of serum ferritin level is correlated with the reticulocyte hemoglobin level in -0.448 and this correlation is considered significant (p<0.001), also the value of the transferrin saturation percentage is correlated with -0.416 with significant evidence (p<0001). There are relation between the reticulocyte hemoglobin content and serum ferritin level (p<0.001), i.e., 83.3 per cent of children who have deficits...

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El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido conocer el nivel de desarrollo de las habilidades no cognitivas en los docentes, como el brindar afecto, seguridad y confianza, el ser tolerante y buscar consensos, relacionarse con los demás, trabajar en equipo, relacionadas a la inteligencia emocional (Ugarriza, 2003) y planteadas en el perfil del egresado de profesión docente, propuesto por el Ministerio de educación (2005). El método empleado es el descriptivo y el diseño descriptivo. El instrumento empleado fue el test de Inteligencia Emocional de Bar- On baremada para por Ugarriza (2001). La muestra está conformada por doscientos cinco docentes de Lima y provincias. Los resultados señalan la urgente necesidad de desarrollar cursos y actividades para contribuir al desarrollo de las habilidades no cognitivas de los docentes.

The objective of this study was to know the development level of non-cognitive abilities in teachers, such as to provide affection, security and confidence, to be tolerant, and to look for a consensus, interpersonal relationships, team work, all of them related to emotional intelligence (Ugarriza, 2003) and proposed in the profile of the graduated in education, by the Ministry of Education (2005). This is descriptive study with a descriptive design. The instrument applied was the Bar-On Emotional Quotient inventory (scaled by Ugarriza, 2001). The sample included 205 teachers from Lima and provinces. The results show an urgent need of developing courses and activities to contribute to the development of teachers’ non-cognitive abilities.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Las autoras presentan la propuesta de un programa para desarrollar e instaurar la conducta asertiva en niños y niñas de educación básica regular primaria, mediante el fortalecimiento de valores y del juicio social. Se presenta el contenido del programa, la metodología de aplicación, así como los instrumentos necesarios.

The authors propose a program to develop and establish an assertive behavior in children at basic, regular primary school. This will be done through strengthening of values and moral judgement. The content of the program is explained, as well as its methodology and its instruments.

Assuntos