RESUMO
Detection of on farm and transport animal welfare problems at slaughterhouse level is a key issue for the meat industry; however, usually, the assessments do not include basic aspects of animal health. For that reason, it is necessary to develop an assessment method that has an integrative scope and identifies the risk profiles in animals. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to detect cattle welfare indicators that can be implemented at the slaughterhouse level and to develop integrated risk profiles based on the animal's origin, pre-slaughter logistics, and animal-based indicators. We recorded the origin, commercial category, transportation details, and horn size of 1040 cattle upon arrival at the slaughterhouse. Cattle welfare was measured based on individual scores for vocalizations, stunning shots, carcass bruises, meat pH, severe hoof injuries, and organ condemnations. To characterize operational and logistic practices from the farm to the slaughterhouse, a two-step cluster analysis was applied to the aforementioned variables (production system, cattle type, horn size, journey distance, vehicle type), which identified four clusters: small feedlot and free-range profile (C1, n = 216, 20.8 %), feedlot profile (C2, n = 193, 18.6 %), culled dairy cows profile (C3, n = 262, 25.2 %), and free-range profile (C4, n = 369, 35.5 %). The animal's diet and environmental conditions might have influenced the development of hoof disorders in C1 animals (P = 0.023), the proportion of animals that were re-shot was highest in C2 animals (P = 0.033), and C3 and C4 animals were most likely to suffer injuries such as severe bruising (P = 0.001). In addition, the number of stunning shots, meat pH, carcass bruises, severe hoof injuries, and liver condemnations, explained a significant variation in the incidence of various health and welfare consequences based on an animal's origin, which confirmed their importance as 'welfare iceberg' indicators. The study provided detailed data that can be included into assessment methods for the welfare of slaughter cattle, which can be tailored to specific production systems.
Assuntos
Matadouros , Casco e Garras , Bem-Estar do Animal , Animais , Bovinos , Fazendas , Feminino , Meios de TransporteRESUMO
This study presents a novel approach to use claw disorders in cattle as a retrospective welfare indicator characterized at the abattoir. A total of 1040 cattle (2080 front and back left claws) were analyzed from 143 batches, originating from feedlots, free-range, and dairy systems. Our results indicate that abnormal claw shapes (>55%) and fissures of the claw wall (>25%) had the highest prevalence, regardless of the system of origin. For the seven types of lesions monitored, numerous associations were found between lesions in the front and rear limbs typical of each production system. Ultimate meat pH was higher in animals with white line disease and skin wounds in feedlot and free-range cattle. We conclude that claw disorders can be used as an iceberg indicator to provide valuable information about animal fitness, and the ability to cope with the husbandry and pre-slaughter environment. These indicators can be used to improve the level of welfare of the animals.
Assuntos
Criação de Animais Domésticos/métodos , Bem-Estar do Animal , Casco e Garras/patologia , Músculo Esquelético/química , Matadouros , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Feminino , Doenças do Pé/epidemiologia , Doenças do Pé/veterinária , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Masculino , México , Estudos Retrospectivos , Pele/lesõesRESUMO
The BCG vaccine induces a Th1 phenotype, which is essential for protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, the effects of BCG vaccination over time on the T helper subpopulation and the microRNAs involved in adulthood have not been studied. In the present study, we explored the involvement of microRNAs, transcription factors and multifunctional cytokines in BCG vaccination by examining their levels both before and after vaccination of healthy adults. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained at 0, 2 and 6 months after vaccination. Cells were cultured in the presence or absence of ESAT-6 and CFP-10 or M. tuberculosis filtrate. The expression levels of miRNAs and transcription factors were evaluated using qRT-PCR. Cytokine production in supernatants and serum samples was evaluated using ELISA. Multifunctional CD4+ T cells were analyzed using multiparametric flow cytometry. We observed a decrease in the expression levels of T-BET, GATA3 and FOXP3 at 2 months and miR-146a, miR-326 and miR-155 at 6 months after receiving the vaccine. In the supernatant, the production of IL-17 was increased after 6 months, with both stimuli. In contrast, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ increased at 2 months. In the serum, high levels of IL-10 were found after 2 months compared to time 0 and 6 months. The production of multifunctional cells that expressed the cytokine profiles CD4+TNF-α+IFN-γ-IL-10-, CD4+TNF-α+IL-1IFN-γ-, CD4+IL-10+IFN-γ-TNF-α- and CD4+IL-17+IFN-γ- predominantly increased after 2 months with and without the stimulus. Correlation analysis revealed a negative association between FOXP3 and miR-155 (r=-0.5120, p=0.0176) and between IL-17 and miR-326 (r=-0.5832, p=0.0364). This study is the first to demonstrate roles for microRNAs, transcription factors and cytokines in the T helper differentiation lineage and to describe the possible mechanism by which their expression is modulated by the presence of the BCG vaccine in adulthood. In conclusion, our results suggest that the BCG vaccine induces a modulation in transcription factors and miRNAs with high production of multifunctional cells CD4+TNF-α+IL-10+IFN-γ-.
Assuntos
Vacina BCG/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Diferenciação Celular/imunologia , Citocinas/biossíntese , MicroRNAs/biossíntese , Fatores de Transcrição/biossíntese , Adolescente , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/biossíntese , Humanos , Interferon gama/biossíntese , Interleucina-10/biossíntese , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Proteínas com Domínio T/biossíntese , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: About half of patients with acute liver failure (ALF) show clinical signs of cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension. Neuroimaging diagnostics and electroencephalography have poor correlation with intracranial pressure measurement. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to characterize the cerebral hemodynamics patterns with transcranial Doppler (TCD) sonography in patients with ALF. METHOD: We studied 21 patients diagnosed with ALF, admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) at the Centro de Investigaciones Médico Quirúrgicas of Cuba. All of these patients had a TCD performed on arrival at ICU, evaluating the following: systolic (SV), diastolic (DV), and medium (MV) flows velocities and pulsatility index (PI) in right middle cerebral artery (RMCA) via temporal windows. RESULTS: The sonographic patterns of cerebral hemodynamics were as follows: low-flow, 12 patients (57.1%); high resistance, 5 patients (23.8%); and hyperemic, 4 patients (19%). Patients who died while waiting had lower MV RMCA (56.1 vs 58.1 cm/s) and higher PI (1.71 vs 1.41) than patients who could undergo transplantation (P = .800 and P = .787, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In patients diagnosed with ALF admitted to the ICU the predominating cerebral hemodynamic pattern was low-flow with resistance increase. The TCD was shown to be a useful tool in the initial evaluation for prognosis and treatment.
Assuntos
Circulação Cerebrovascular , Hemodinâmica , Falência Hepática Aguda/fisiopatologia , Artéria Cerebral Média/fisiopatologia , Ultrassonografia Doppler Transcraniana , Adolescente , Adulto , Velocidade do Fluxo Sanguíneo , Cuba , Feminino , Humanos , Hiperemia/etiologia , Hiperemia/fisiopatologia , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Pressão Intracraniana , Falência Hepática Aguda/etiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Artéria Cerebral Média/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health issue due to the increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which exacerbates the clinical course of TB and increases the risk of poor long-term outcomes. The aim of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics of rifampin (RIF) and its relationship with biochemical and immunological parameters in patients with TB and T2DM. The biochemical and immunological parameters were assessed on the same day that the pharmacokinetic evaluation of RIF was performed. Factors related to the metabolic syndrome that is characteristic of T2DM patients were not detected in the TB-T2DM group (where predominant malnutrition was present) or in the TB group. Percentages of CD8(+) T lymphocytes and NK cells were diminished in the TB and TB-T2DM patients, who had high tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and low interleukin-17 (IL-17) levels compared to healthy volunteers. Delayed RIF absorption was observed in the TB and TB-T2DM patients; absorption was poor and slower in the latter group due to poor glycemic control. RIF clearance was also slower in the diabetic patients, thereby prolonging the mean residence time of RIF. There was a significant association between glycemic control, increased TNF-α serum concentrations, and RIF pharmacokinetics in the TB-T2DM patients. These altered metabolic and immune conditions may be factors to be considered in anti-TB therapy management when TB and T2DM are concurrently present.
Assuntos
Antituberculosos/farmacocinética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Rifampina/farmacocinética , Tuberculose Pulmonar/complicações , Tuberculose Pulmonar/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/efeitos dos fármacos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/imunologia , Feminino , Meia-Vida , Humanos , Interleucina-17/metabolismo , Células Matadoras Naturais/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Rifampina/uso terapêutico , Tuberculose Pulmonar/imunologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The prebiotic effect of agave fructans (Agave salmiana) was evaluated through the growth of two lactic acid bacterial (LAB) strains (Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium lactis). The immune system was activated through the stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy subjects testing fructans, LAB or a mixture of these compounds at different concentrations. Immune responses, such as early cell activation (CD69), cell cycle progression, nitric oxide (NO) production and the expression of transcription factors for lymphocyte differentiation, were analyzed. Compared with other fructans, the extracted agave fructans showed the highest prebiotic activity and increased levels of CD69 expression, proliferative activity and NO production when administered with the probiotic L. casei. The Th1 lymphocyte differentiation produced through LAB stimulation was greatly diminished after the incorporation of agave fructans. In conclusion, these types of fructans (A. salmiana) are involved in the activation and selective differentiation of cells of the immune system through interactions with probiotics. Thus, agave fructans represent a novel immunomodulator that might benefit the functional food industry.
Assuntos
Frutanos/administração & dosagem , Sistema Imunitário/efeitos dos fármacos , Imunomodulação/efeitos dos fármacos , Prebióticos , Agave/química , Bifidobacterium/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Frutanos/química , Frutanos/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Lacticaseibacillus casei/metabolismo , Leucócitos Mononucleares/efeitos dos fármacos , Ativação Linfocitária/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Pterygium is one of the most frequent pathologies in ophthalmology, and is a benign, fibrovascular lesion originating from the bulbar conjunctiva. It is composed of an epithelium and highly vascular, subepithelial, loose connective tissue. The etiology of pterygium is not clearly understood; the most widely recognized originating factor is ultraviolet radiation. It has been proposed that pterygium and neoplasia have common features, raising the possibility that pterygium is a neoplastic-like growth disorder. In this study, proteomic analysis was performed to show that peroxiredoxin 2 is overexpressed in pterygia compared to healthy conjunctivas. Twelve pterygium specimens were obtained together with healthy conjunctival tissue from the same eyes. Total proteins of pterygia and healthy conjunctivas were analyzed in SDS-PAGE. This analysis showed protein bands expressed exclusively in pterygium samples at the range of 20-25 kDa. After this, 2D electrophoresis was performed for the separation of total proteins; differential spots expressed in pterygium were excised and sequenced. Mass spectrometry (MS) data were searched in the NCBInr and EST databases using the MASCOT program. The spot was identified as peroxiredoxin 2. Real-time PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry showed that peroxiredoxin 2 was increased in pterygium compared to healthy conjunctiva. Although, these results suggest that overexpression of peroxiredoxin 2 in pterygium could protect the cell against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, further studies are required to establish the functional role of peroxiredoxin 2 in pterygium to determine its role in peroxidation and apoptosis in this pathology.
Assuntos
Proteínas do Olho/metabolismo , Peroxirredoxinas/metabolismo , Pterígio/enzimologia , Adulto , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Western Blotting , Túnica Conjuntiva/enzimologia , Eletroforese em Gel Bidimensional , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Proteínas do Olho/química , Proteínas do Olho/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Focalização Isoelétrica , Masculino , Espectrometria de Massas , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Peso Molecular , Oxirredução , Peroxirredoxinas/química , Peroxirredoxinas/genética , Proteômica , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase ReversaRESUMO
El desarrollo de las diversas técnicas de traquesotomía percutánea ha facilitado la ejecución de este procedimiento en pacientes críticos sometidos a ventilación mecánica, y ha demostrado ser tanto o más seguro que la traqueostomía abierta en este grupo de enfermos. La traqueostomía percutánea ofrece beneficios adicionales, evitando la necesidad de movilizar a los pacientes a pabellón, acelerando su ejecución y mejorando la utilización de los recursos. En la actualidad la traqueostomía percutánea realizada en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos constituye el abordaje de elección para los pacientes críticos. La técnica de Ciaglia Blue Rhino es la modalidad de traqueostomía percutánea por dilatación más difundida a nivel mundial y la que presenta el mejor perfil de seguridad. La asistencia fibrobroncoscópica mejora la seguridad del procedimiento. Algunos pacientes seleccionados pueden beneficiarse de una evaluación previa con ecodoppler cervical. En la actualidad, la evidencia disponible sugiere fuertemente que la realización de una traqueostomía temprana puede reducir los días de ventilación mecánica y la estadía en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, sin embargo aún quedan dudas sobre su verdadero impacto en la incidencia de neumonía asociada a ventilación mecánica y en la reducción de la mortalidad. En manos de un intensivista experimentado las contraindicaciones relativas clásicas no deberían ser un impedimento para la realización de una traqueostomía percutánea, ya que puede ser practicada con seguridad incluso en pacientes críticos de alto riesgo.
The development of various techniques of percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy has facilitated the implementation of this procedure in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy provides additional benefits by avoiding the need to mobilize patients to the operating room, speeding implementation and improving resource utilization. Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy has proven to be as safe as open surgical tracheostomy in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation; therefore it seems to be a more suitable approach for these patients. Ciaglia Blue Rhino technique is the most widespread method of percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy around de world and which has the best safety profile. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy assistance and preliminary cervical ultrasound examination in selected patients improve the safety of the procedure. Currently, the available evidence strongly suggests that performing an early tracheostomy may shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation and length of stay on the Intensive Care Unit. However, there are still doubts about its real impact on the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia, and in reducing mortality. In hands of an experienced intensivist relative contraindications should not be an impediment to perform a percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy, since it can be performed safely even in high risk critically ill patients.
Assuntos
Humanos , Estado Terminal , Respiração Artificial , Traqueostomia , Traqueostomia/efeitos adversos , Traqueostomia/métodos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Seleção de Pacientes , Desmame do RespiradorRESUMO
Introducción: La traqueostomía percutánea (TP) por dilatación es el método de elección en pacientes críticos que requieren la instalación de una traqueostomía. Sin embargo, una proporción importante de pacientes presentan habitualmente una o más contraindicaciones relativas para la realización de este procedimiento. Objetivo: Comparar la incidencia de complicaciones perioperatorias asociadas a la TP con la técnica de Ciaglia Blue Rhino y asistencia fibrobroncoscópica en pacientes críticos de alto riesgo versus pacientes críticos de bajo riesgo. Pacientes y Método: Se evaluaron en forma prospectiva 180 pacientes sometidos a una TP electiva debido a ventilación mecánica prolongada. Todas las TP fueron realizadas en la Unidad de Pacientes Críticos por un intensivista experimentado en el procedimiento y mediante un abordaje estandarizado. Se registraron variables demográficas, APACHE II, días de ventilación mecánica antes de la TP y la tasa de complicaciones perioperatorias. Resultados: La incidencia de complicaciones operatorias para los pacientes de alto y bajo riesgo fue 4,5 por ciento (3/67) y 5,2 por ciento (6/114), respectivamente (p = 0,81). No se registraron complicaciones operatorias graves, ni muertes asociadas al procedimiento. La incidencia de complicaciones postoperatorias fue 3 por ciento (2/67) para los pacientes de alto riesgo vs. 2,6 por ciento (3/114) para los pacientes de bajo riesgo (p =0,89). La incidencia global de complicaciones perioperatorias fue 7,5 por ciento (5/67) y 7,9 por ciento (9/114) para los pacientes de alto y bajo riesgo, respectivamente (p = 0,92).Conclusión: La TP por dilatación con la técnica de Ciaglia Blue Rhino modificada y asistencia fibrobroncoscópica es segura en pacientes críticos de alto riesgo, cuando es realizada por un intensivista experimentado mediante un abordaje estandarizado.
Background: Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) is the method of choice in critically ill patients requiring the installation of a tracheostomy. However, a significant proportion of patients usually have one or more relative contraindications for this procedure. Objective: To compare the incidence of perioperative complication of PDT with the modified Ciaglia Blue Rhino technique and fiberoptic bronchoscopy assistance in high-risk critically ill patients versus low-risk critically ill patients. Patients and Methods: We prospectively evaluated 180 patients undergoing an elective PDT due to prolonged mechanical ventilation. All of the PDT were performed in the Critical Care Unit for an intensivist experienced in the procedure, using a standardized approach. We recorded demographic variables, APACHE II, days of mechanical ventilation before the PDT and the rate of perioperative complications. Results: The incidence of operative complications for patients high and low risk was 4.5 percent (3/67) and 5.2 percent (6/114), respectively (p =0.81). There were no serious operative complications or deaths associated with the procedure. The incidence of postoperative complications was 3 percent (2/67) for high risk patients vs 2.6 percent (3/114) for low risk patients (p=0.89). The overall incidence of perioperative complications was 7.5 percent (5/67) and 7.9 percent (9/114) for patients at high and low risk, respectively (p =0.92). Conclusions: PDT with the modified Ciaglia Blue Rhino technique and fiberoptic bronchoscopy assistance is safe in critically ill patients at high risk, when performed by an experienced intensivist using a standardized approach.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Broncoscopia/métodos , Estado Terminal , Traqueostomia/efeitos adversos , Traqueostomia/métodos , APACHE , Complicações Intraoperatórias/epidemiologia , Tecnologia de Fibra Óptica , Incidência , Estudos Prospectivos , Risco , Respiração Artificial/efeitos adversos , Traqueostomia , Desmame do RespiradorRESUMO
Tracheostomy has evolved from a complex surgical intervention traditionally performed in the operating room, to a bedside procedure that can be done in the Intensive Care Unit, through a percutaneous approach. Percutaneous tracheostomy has proven to be as safe as open surgical tracheostomy in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation; therefore it seems to be a more suitable approach for these patients because it avoids the need of mobilizing patients outside their units and is performed in less time. Ciaglia Blue Rhino technique is the most widespread method of percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy, and exhibits an adequate safety profile. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy assistance and preliminary cervical ultrasound examination in selected patients improve the safeness of the procedure. Currently, the available evidencestrongly suggests that achieving an early tracheostomy may shorten mechanical ventilation days and stay in the Intensive Care Unit, but a decline in ventilator-associated pneumonia incidence and overall mortality reduction remains to be proven. In hands of an experienced intensivist, relative contraindications should not be an impediment to perform a percutaneous tracheostomy, since it can be performed safely even in high risk critically ill patients. Recently completed studies and those close to be finished, will provide interesting data on this significant topic.
Assuntos
Humanos , Cuidados Críticos , Doenças Respiratórias/cirurgia , Traqueostomia/métodosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (GTS) is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by phonic and motor tics. Although its physiopathologic bases are unknown, the cortical-striatal-thalamic-cortical circuit has been studied. The association of GTS with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), motors tics (MT) or phonics tics (PT), the high family aggregation, and the concordance studies in twins, support the genetics bases of this disorder. Currently, GTS is accepted as a complex disorder and the associated disorders could be alternative expressions of the same syndrome. AIM: To evaluate genetic linkage to 2p11, 6p24, 11q23, 20q13 and 21q22 regions in an Antioquian family with enough power to detect linkage. PATIENTS AND METHODS: With the Linkage program and using autosomic dominant, recessive and additive inheritance models, the genetic linkage was calculated; two phenotypic spectra was considered: one broad spectrum including affected individuals with GTS, ADHD, OCD, MT, and PT, and a narrow spectrum with only GTS. RESULTS: The most probable inheritance pattern for a susceptibility locus in GTS and its associated disorders in this family is autosomic additive. The presence of a locus involved in GTS in the 2p11 region has been rejected. CONCLUSION: The linkage values for D20S1085 and D6S477 markers are suggestive and therefore it is not possible reject that these markers will be in linkage disequilibrium with genes involved in the GTS, ADHD, OCD, MT, and PT etiology.
Assuntos
Família , Síndrome de Tourette/genética , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Colômbia , Feminino , Ligação Genética , Genótipo , Humanos , Escore Lod , Masculino , Linhagem , Fenótipo , Síndrome de Tourette/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
Lolium multiflorum (Italian ryegrass) has recently demonstrated itself to be poorly controlled with glyphosate in cereal crops of South Chile. The concentration of glyphosate necessary to reduce shoot length by 50% (ED50) in seedlings, after eight days of root contact was 7.3-fold in the resistant Vil-1 than in the susceptible (S) biotype. The obtained spray retention values were higher on S than the resistant (Vil-1) biotype. Contact angles measured on the adaxial surface of S and Vil-1 were similar. However, on the abaxial surface contact angles were of 63 degrees on Vil-1 as compared to 42 degrees on S. A greater glyphosate uptake was observed through the abaxial surface of S. Regarding translocation, glyphosate accumulated mainly in the tip of the treated leaf of Vil-1, 24 h after treatment. It was afterwards also well distributed to the rest of the leaves and roots, as in the susceptible biotype. Nevertheless, 14C-glyphosate remained higher in the foliar apex of Vil-1. Hence, resistance to glyphosate by the Vil-1 Lolium multflorum biotype seems to involve a lower uptake through the abaxial leaf surface and a different migration pattern.
Assuntos
Resistência a Medicamentos , Glicina/análogos & derivados , Herbicidas/farmacologia , Lolium/efeitos dos fármacos , Adaptação Fisiológica , Bioensaio , Glicina/farmacologia , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Lolium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Controle de Pragas/métodos , GlifosatoRESUMO
The sequence of a cloned genomic fragment of Trichomonas vaginalis containing a complete actin gene was determined. An uninterrupted open reading frame of 1128 nucleotides was found that codes for an actin gene. Two overlapped consensus promoter sequences for T. vaginalis were found 12 nucleotides upstream the actin initiation codon. In addition to actin, two incomplete open reading frames were found at the 5' and 3' ends of the clone. These two sequences are expressed and showed similarity to adenylate cyclase genes and a yeast hypothetical protein. The overall sequence showed a higher G+C content and a lower frequency of repeated sequences in the coding regions when compared with the non-coding regions. A similar unequal nucleotide distribution was found in various T. vaginalis genes retrieved from data bases.
Assuntos
Actinas/genética , Trichomonas vaginalis/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Composição de Bases , Sequência de Bases , Northern Blotting , Southern Blotting , Sondas de DNA/química , DNA de Protozoário/química , DNA de Protozoário/genética , DNA de Protozoário/isolamento & purificação , Biblioteca Gênica , Genoma de Protozoário , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Fases de Leitura Aberta , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , RNA de Protozoário/química , RNA de Protozoário/genética , RNA de Protozoário/isolamento & purificação , Sequências Repetitivas de Ácido Nucleico , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Trichomonas vaginalis/químicaRESUMO
En los últimos años se ha desarrollado el consenso de que la incidencia de úlceras por presión es un importante indicador de calidad de atención de salud. Sin embargo, en muchos hospitales la predicción del riesgo de úlceras por presión y las medidas de prevención por mucho tiempo no han sido considerados. Es conocido que el costo económico y el sufrimiento humano asociados al tratamiento de úlceras por presión es enorme y en la mayoría de los casos innecesarios. Un programa de prevención basado en la medición del riesgo puede simultáneamente reducir la incidencia institucional de úlceras por presión, como los costos de la prevención y tratamiento. Para este propósito fue creado un comité multidisciplinario
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Úlcera por Pressão/prevenção & controle , Comitê de Profissionais/organização & administração , Úlcera por Pressão/classificação , Úlcera por Pressão/terapiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The Latin American Registry of Dialysis and Transplantation was created in October 1991 and comprises the National Societies of Nephrology from 21 countries with a total population of 468.56 million inhabitants. METHODS: This report includes data from 21,181 patients from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, El Salvador, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Uruguay, and Venezuela who were receiving chronic dialysis treatment during 1993. Data was collected by individual patient questionnaires except from Chile and Brazil where the data was obtained from a local centre questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence rate averaged 131.1 per million population. The mean age of the 8972 incident patients was 50.5 years, with 58.2% males. The more frequent causes of renal failure were glomerulopathies (22.6%), vascular nephropathy (20.9%) and diabetes (16.9%). Haemodialysis was the most used treatment (88.3%). Gross mortality was 21.1% and the more frequent causes of death were cardiac complications and infections. The analysis of mortality risk factors using a logistic regression model showed that diabetics patients older than 65 years had the highest probability of death (43.0%) and patients with glomerulonephritis, younger than 65 years had the lowest (8.0%). The adjusted mortality rate was 241 deaths/1000 patient-years at risk when the USRDS 1987-1989 white mortality rate by age groups and primary diseases was used as standard. CONCLUSION: In spite of the economic difficulties, very important efforts have been made to treat ESRD patients and gross mortality statistics in some countries are similar to those reported by other regional registries.
Assuntos
Transplante de Rim , Sistema de Registros , Terapia de Substituição Renal , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Humanos , Nefropatias/epidemiologia , Nefropatias/mortalidade , Nefropatias/terapia , América Latina , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mortalidade , Prevalência , Fatores de RiscoAssuntos
Humanos , /economia , Análise Custo-Benefício/economia , /estatística & dados numéricos , Estado Terminal , Tabela de Remuneração de Serviços , Custos de Cuidados de Saúde , Gastos em Saúde , Recursos em Saúde/economia , Recursos em Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde/economiaRESUMO
Se estudian 43 enfermos adultos con anemia drepanocítica (AD) en condiciones basales (21 hombres y 22 mujeres), con un rango de edad de 16 a 43 años. Como controles se emplean 36 individuos sanos comprendidos dentro del mismo rango de edad. En todos los casos se determina la tensión arterial en el miembro superior e inferio derecho, tanto en decúbito supino como en sentados. Ambos grupos se comportan en forma semejante, a diferencia del estudio realizado en Jamaica, donde las cifras tensionales fueron significativamente más bajas en los pacientes con AD. En ningún caso se comprueba hipertensión arterial (AU)
Assuntos
Anemia Falciforme/complicações , Determinação da Pressão ArterialRESUMO
Este estudio permite concluir que la cantidad de heparina utilizada en las jeringas como anticoagulantes para la abtención de muestras de sangre para la determinación de Electrolitos plasmáticos es un factor muy importante en los resultados de Na. y K. del Electrolitograma, siendo estos inversamente proporcionales a la cantidad de heparina usada
Assuntos
Anticoagulantes , Eletrólitos , Heparina , Equilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico , Heparina/administração & dosagem , Heparina/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Se analizan 460 pacientes que sufrieron heridas y traumatismos toracicos entre 1972-1981. Se trataba en la mayoria de adultos jovenes (11 a 40 anos) del sexo masculino 9/1. Predominaron las heridas penetrantes por arma blanca y de fuego (85,22%) sobre los traumas cerrados (14,78%). El diagnostico se establecio por la anamnesis, el examen fisico, la radiologia del torax y la estimacion de la volemia. La hemorragia intrapleural fue mas importante en las heridas por arma blanca y de fuego (de 600 a 900ml).La ruptura del diafragma se aprecio en 1/3 de los pacientes (32%), las heridas del corazon en el 7,07%, las del pericardio en el 10,62%, de vasos intercostales en el 8,56%; y de la mamaria interna en el 7,64% y las del pulmon en el 18,24%. Las fracturas costales se presentaron en el 49,97% En la patologia asociada las lesiones mas frecuentes fueron las abdominales que requirieron exploracion en el 18,53%.Fueron tratados con toracotomia inmediata el 42,40% y con tubo de drenaje el 43,05%.Las complicaciones mas importantes fueron: infeccion de la herida toracica (14,31%), de la herida abdominal (11,30%) y fistulas broncopleurales (11,11%). El promedio de internacion fue 7,28 dias