RESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2, which causes the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused a great impact on healthcare systems worldwide, including hepatitis B and C viruses screening and elimination programs. The high number of COVID-19 hospitalizations represent a great opportunity to screen patients for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), which was the aim of this study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional, retrospective study performed between April 2020 and 20201 at a referral center in Mexico dedicated to the care of adults with severe/critical COVID-19. We retrieved clinical, demographic, and laboratory results from each patient´s medical records, including antibodies against HCV (anti-HCV), HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), antibodies against the HBV core antigen (anti-HBcAg), and antibodies against HBsAg (anti-HBsAg). RESULTS: Out of 3620 patients that were admitted to the hospital, 24 (0.66%), 4 (0.11%), and 72 (1.99%) tested positive for anti-HCV, HBsAg, and anti-HBcAg, respectively. Of all seronegative patients, 954 (27%) had undetectable anti-HBsAg and 401 (12%) had anti-HBsAg at protective levels. Blood transfusion was the most relevant risk factor. Only 9.7% of the anti-HBc positive, 25% of the HBsAg positive, and 52% of the anti-HCV positive were aware of their serological status. CONCLUSIONS: In this study we found a prevalence of anti-HCV of 0.66%, HBsAg in 0.11%, and isolated anti-HBcAg in 1.99%. We also found that HBV vaccination coverage has been suboptimal and needs to be reinforced. This study gave us a trustworthy insight of the actual seroprevalence in Mexico, which can help provide feedback to the Hepatitis National Elimination Plan.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Hepatite B , Hepatite C , Adulto , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Hepacivirus , Hepatite B/diagnóstico , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite B , Antígenos do Núcleo do Vírus da Hepatite B , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B , Vírus da Hepatite B , Hepatite C/diagnóstico , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite C , Humanos , Pacientes Internados , México/epidemiologia , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Estudos Retrospectivos , SARS-CoV-2 , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
Actualmente nos encontramos en medio de una pandemia originada por el virus SARS-CoV-2. Esta enfermedad ha afectado a más de 10 millones de personas y causado más de 519.000 muertes a nivel mundial generando un gran impacto económico y sanitario, sobre todo en países en vías de desarrollo como los de América Latina (1). El SARS-CoV-2 pertenece a la familia de los Coronaviridae y está compuesto por una cadena simple de ARN en sentido positivo. Posee diversas proteínas estructurales, siendo la glicoproteína (S) la más importante, ya que permite la unión con la célula huésped por medio del receptor de la enzima conversora de angiotensina 2 (ACE2) (2).
Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Varizes Esofágicas e Gástricas/terapia , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/terapia , Ligadura , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons/uso terapêutico , Vasoconstritores/uso terapêutico , Terapia Combinada , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons/efeitos adversos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Vasoconstritores/efeitos adversosRESUMO
The Air Quality Standards for Particulate Matter (PM) at high altitude urban areas in different countries, must consider the pressure and temperature due to the effect that these parameters have on the breath volume. This paper shows the importance to correct Air Quality Standards for PM considering pressure and temperature at different altitudes. Specific factors were suggested to convert the information concerning PM, from local to standard conditions, and adjust the Air Quality Standards for different high altitudes cities. The correction factors ranged from: 1.03 for Santiago de Chile to 1.47 for El Alto Bolivia. Other cities in this study include: Mexico City, México; La Paz, Bolivia; Bogota, Cali and Medellin, Colombia; Quito, Ecuador and Cuzco, Peru. If these corrections are not considered, the atmospheric concentrations will be underestimated.
Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos/normas , Poluição do Ar/estatística & dados numéricos , Altitude , Material Particulado/normas , Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Bolívia , Chile , Cidades/estatística & dados numéricos , Colômbia , Equador , Monitoramento Ambiental , México , Material Particulado/análise , PeruRESUMO
INTRODUCCION: La preeclampsia es una enfermedad exclusiva de la gestación humana, que afecta a la embarazada produciendo una disfunción vascular. OBJETIVO: Comparar la morbimortalidad del producto gestacional en mujeres embarazadas con preeclampsia (PE) moderada o severa. PACIENTES Y METODO: Estudio de tipo no experimental, descriptivo, por causa-efecto, de carácter retrospectivo. La población estudiada correspondió a toda paciente que sufrió PE, subclasificada en dos grupos; pacientes con PE moderada y pacientes con PE severa. El estudio se realizó en la Clínica Hospital del Profesor en el período comprendido entre junio del año 2007 y junio del año 2008. Se analizaron variables clínicas del recién nacido y de la embarazada. Los resultados obtenidos fueron analizados por medio de las pruebas de comparación de medias poblacionales y comparación de proporciones poblacionales. RESULTADOS: De un total de 1680 embarazos registrados en la Clínica Hospital del Profesor, 42 fueron diagnosticados con síndrome hipertensivo del embarazo (SHE), correspondiendo a un 2,5 por ciento. 28 (66 por ciento) correspondieron a PE moderada, 13 (32 por ciento) correspondieron a PE severa. El retardo del crecimiento intrauterino (RCIU) presentó diferencia significativa con un p< 0,05. El sufrimiento fetal agudo (SFA) y la mortalidad fetal, no presentaron diferencia significativa con un p> 0,05. CONCLUSION: Si bien las diferencias clínicas para el diagnóstico de preeclampsia moderada y severa son claras, las complicaciones que pueden traer al producto de la gestación no presentan diferencia, salvo al analizar el RCIU.
INTRODUCTION: Preeclampsia is an exclusive disease of human gestation, that affects pregnant women producing vascular dysfunction. AIM: Compare the morbid-mortality of the gestational product in pregnant women with mild or severe preeclampsia (PE). PATIENT AND METHODS: Retrospective, descriptive, non experimental, cause-effect study. The studied subjects were women that suffered with PE, sub-classified in two groups, mild PE patients and severe PE patients. The study was made in the Clínica Hospital del Profesor from June 2007 to June 2008. Different clinical parameters from the newborn and the pregnant were analyzed. The results were analyzed by the comparison of population and population ratio tests. RESULTS: From a total of 1680 pregnant women registred in the Clínica Hospital del Profesor, 42 were diagnosed pregnancy-induced hypertension / gestational hypertension, which represents 2.5 percent of all pregnancies. 28 (66 percent) represents to a moderate PE, 13(32 percent) represents to a severe PE. Intrauterine growth restriction presented a significant difference with an p< 0,05. The acute fetal suffering and fetal mortality didnt have a significant difference with an p> 0,05. CONCLUSION: Although the clinical differences for the diagnose of mild and severe PE are clear, the complications that may ocurre to the product of the pregnancy dont present a significant difference, except for the intrauterine growth restriction, that presented a significant difference with an alpha = 0,05.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Pré-Eclâmpsia/epidemiologia , Pré-Eclâmpsia/patologia , Peso ao Nascer , Chile , Sofrimento Fetal , Retardo do Crescimento Fetal , Mortalidade Fetal , Idade Gestacional , Hipertensão Induzida pela Gravidez/epidemiologia , Resultado da Gravidez , Estudos Retrospectivos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Síndrome HELLP/epidemiologiaRESUMO
La ciudad de Rauch presentaba en 1997 alta prevalencia de hipertensión arterial (HA) y bajos niveles de tratamiento y control. Para evaluar el impacto de actividades de intervención comunitarias sobre la presión arterial (PA) reencuestamos en el año 2003 a una cohorte de 1526 habitantes de 15-75 años. Las actividades de intervención fueron el estudio inicial, la indicación de concurrir a su médico cuando se hallaban alteraciones, la provisión gratuita de antihipertensivos y la difusión por medios masivos de los resultados del estudio y de hábitos saludables de vida. La PA fue medida en el domicilio por enfermeras especialmente entrenadas, considerando PA sistólica y diastólica (PAS y PAD) a los promedios de tres registros en una ocasión. Se reencuestaron 1307 individuos (85.65%). La PAS descendió de 137.98 ± 0.57 a 132.49 ± 0.53 mm Hg (p<0.01) y la PAD de 88.73 ± 0.38 a 81.87 ± 0.33 mm Hg (p<0.01). La PA disminuyó en ambos sexos, en todos los grupos etáreos y en el subgrupo sin antihipertensivos. El porcentaje de sujetos con antihipertensivos aumentó de 12.2 a 20.4 (p<0.01) y se observó una relación significativa entre los percentilos de los cambios de la PA y los cambios del peso en sujetos con y sin antihipertensivos. Las estrategias de intervención comunitaria fueron efectivas para controlar la PA y, probablemente, para disminuir el riesgo cardiovascular en una comunidad con alta prevalencia de HA.
In a cross section study performed in Rauch in 1997 we found a high prevalence of hypertension and low levels of treatment and control. To evaluate the impact of the community-based intervention activities on blood pressure (BP), we made a cohort study in 1526 inhabitants aged between 15 and 75 years in 2003. The initial study, the advice to consult the family doctor when alterations were found, the free provision of antihypertensive drugs, the press diffusion of the study results and a healthy lifestyle were included among the intervention activities. BP was measured in the subjects' residence by especially trained nurses, considering systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) as the average of three measurements in one occasion. A total of 1307 subjects (85.65%) were re-interviewed. SBP decreased from 137.98 +/- 0.57 to 132.49 +/- 0.53 mm Hg (p < 0.01) and DBP from 88.73 +/- 0.38 to 81.87 +/- 0.33 mm Hg (p < 0.01). Pressure decrease was observed in all the age groups, in both sexes and in the subgroup without receiving antihypertensive drugs. The percentage with antihypertensive drugs increased from 12.2 to 20.4 (p < 0.01). A significant relationship was observed between the percentiles of the BP changes and weight changes in subjects with and without antihypertensive drugs. Community-based intervention strategies were effective to BP control and, probably, to decrease the cardiovascular risk in a community with high prevalence of hypertension.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Serviços de Saúde Comunitária , Hipertensão/prevenção & controle , Pressão Arterial/fisiologia , Distribuição por Idade , Análise de Variância , Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Determinação da Pressão Arterial , Estudos de Coortes , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/prevenção & controle , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Pressão Arterial/efeitos dos fármacos , Distribuição por Sexo , Serviços de Saúde Comunitária/organização & administração , Tabagismo/prevenção & controleRESUMO
La ciudad de Rauch presentaba en 1997 alta prevalencia de hipertensión arterial (HA) y bajos niveles de tratamiento y control. Para evaluar el impacto de actividades de intervención comunitarias sobre la presión arterial (PA) reencuestamos en el año 2003 a una cohorte de 1526 habitantes de 15-75 años. Las actividades de intervención fueron el estudio inicial, la indicación de concurrir a su médico cuando se hallaban alteraciones, la provisión gratuita de antihipertensivos y la difusión por medios masivos de los resultados del estudio y de hábitos saludables de vida. La PA fue medida en el domicilio por enfermeras especialmente entrenadas, considerando PA sistólica y diastólica (PAS y PAD) a los promedios de tres registros en una ocasión. Se reencuestaron 1307 individuos (85.65%). La PAS descendió de 137.98 ± 0.57 a 132.49 ± 0.53 mm Hg (p<0.01) y la PAD de 88.73 ± 0.38 a 81.87 ± 0.33 mm Hg (p<0.01). La PA disminuyó en ambos sexos, en todos los grupos etáreos y en el subgrupo sin antihipertensivos. El porcentaje de sujetos con antihipertensivos aumentó de 12.2 a 20.4 (p<0.01) y se observó una relación significativa entre los percentilos de los cambios de la PA y los cambios del peso en sujetos con y sin antihipertensivos. Las estrategias de intervención comunitaria fueron efectivas para controlar la PA y, probablemente, para disminuir el riesgo cardiovascular en una comunidad con alta prevalencia de HA.(AU)
In a cross section study performed in Rauch in 1997 we found a high prevalence of hypertension and low levels of treatment and control. To evaluate the impact of the community-based intervention activities on blood pressure (BP), we made a cohort study in 1526 inhabitants aged between 15 and 75 years in 2003. The initial study, the advice to consult the family doctor when alterations were found, the free provision of antihypertensive drugs, the press diffusion of the study results and a healthy lifestyle were included among the intervention activities. BP was measured in the subjects residence by especially trained nurses, considering systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) as the average of three measurements in one occasion. A total of 1307 subjects (85.65%) were re-interviewed. SBP decreased from 137.98 +/- 0.57 to 132.49 +/- 0.53 mm Hg (p < 0.01) and DBP from 88.73 +/- 0.38 to 81.87 +/- 0.33 mm Hg (p < 0.01). Pressure decrease was observed in all the age groups, in both sexes and in the subgroup without receiving antihypertensive drugs. The percentage with antihypertensive drugs increased from 12.2 to 20.4 (p < 0.01). A significant relationship was observed between the percentiles of the BP changes and weight changes in subjects with and without antihypertensive drugs. Community-based intervention strategies were effective to BP control and, probably, to decrease the cardiovascular risk in a community with high prevalence of hypertension.(AU)
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Serviços de Saúde Comunitária , Hipertensão/prevenção & controle , Distribuição por Idade , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/prevenção & controle , Análise de Variância , Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Determinação da Pressão Arterial , Estudos de Coortes , Serviços de Saúde Comunitária/organização & administração , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Distribuição por Sexo , Tabagismo/prevenção & controleRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Up to now, the epidemiological characteristic of celiac disease among adults in South America remains unknown. The present prospective screening was designed to determine the prevalence of celiac disease in adults from the general population in an urban area of Argentina. METHODS: Between January. 1998, and May, 2000, all couples attending a centralized laboratory for an obligatory prenuptial examination in the La Plata area were offered participation in a screening program for celiac disease. The study included 2000 subjects (996 women; median age 29 yr, range 16-79 yr). All individuals completed a clinical questionnaire at the time that serum samples were obtained. A three-step screening protocol was used, as follows: 1) all samples were tested for antigliadin antibodies (AGAs) (type IgA and IgG); 2) samples that were IgA AGA positive were tested for antiendomysial antibody (EmA type IgA); samples that were positive for AGA-G but negative for IgA AGAs were tested for total IgA serum levels and EmA type IgG; and 3) subjects who were EmA-positive were referred for intestinal biopsy. RESULTS: At the end of the screening we detected 10 subjects who were EmA-A positive and two others who were IgA-deficient (both were EmA-G positive). Up to now, 11 of the 12 subjects (including nine EmA-positive and two IgA-deficient subjects) had endoscopic intestinal biopsies showing the characteristic celiac histology. The remaining EmA-positive individual was considered to be affected by celiac disease. The overall prevalence assessed was 1:167 (6.0 x 1000 subjects; 95% CI = 3.1-10.5). Eight of the 12 (67%) subjects were female (1:124; 8.0 x 1000; 95% CI = 3.5-15.8) and four (33%) were male (1:251; 4.0 x 1000; 95% Cl = 1.1-10.2). Although eight new patients were considered to be asymptomatic, three presented with a subclinical course and one was classically symptomatic. Only one patient had been previously diagnosed with celiac disease. CONCLUSIONS: Our screening protocol showed a very high prevalence of celiac disease for an urban area of Argentina that is ethnically similar to 90% of the general population of the country. The prevalence among women was double that for men, and the heterogeneous clinical picture of new patients showed predominance of asymptomatic cases.
Assuntos
Doença Celíaca/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Argentina/epidemiologia , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , População UrbanaRESUMO
We conducted a study in a random sample of 1523 inhabitants (15-75 years old) of Rauch city to determine risk factors prevalence to development hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. We measured blood pressure, weight, height, waist circumference, cholesterol and glucose levels, sodium excretion, and alcohol and tobacco consumption. We found a high prevalence of hypertension (43.20% in men and 28.50% in women), and obesity-overweight (54.81% in men and 44.65% in women), both of them augmented with aging. Only 4% of hypertensive subjects were being controlled and only 32% of them were aware of their condition. Men showed a marked increment of prevalence of hypertension and obesity-overweight between groups of 15-24 years and 25-34 years. Women had delayed and more gradual increments. In male and female respectively, the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was 26.86 and 13.81, the prevalence of diabetes was 3.42 and 1.53, and the prevalence of tobacco consumption was 34.61 and 20.83. Higher BMI and waist circumference identified subjects with higher blood pressure up to 54 and 65 years, in men and women, respectively. Age and waist circumference in the whole group, and alcohol consumption in men, were independently correlated with blood pressure; sodium excretion had no correlation. High prevalence of hypertension and obesity-overweight and their association suggest that the most important primary prevention measure in this community should be to prevent obesity. Low levels of awareness indicate the need of ongoing detection programs, and low grade to control of hypertension could be modified with education programs for health providers.
Assuntos
Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Argentina/epidemiologia , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/prevenção & controle , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Distribuição por Sexo , Fumar/epidemiologiaRESUMO
We conducted a study in a random sample of 1523 inhabitants (15-75 years old) of Rauch city to determine risk factors prevalence to development hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. We measured blood pressure, weight, height, waist circumference, cholesterol and glucose levels, sodium excretion, and alcohol and tobacco consumption. We found a high prevalence of hypertension (43.20
in men and 28.50
in women), and obesity-overweight (54.81
in men and 44.65
in women), both of them augmented with aging. Only 4
of hypertensive subjects were being controlled and only 32
of them were aware of their condition. Men showed a marked increment of prevalence of hypertension and obesity-overweight between groups of 15-24 years and 25-34 years. Women had delayed and more gradual increments. In male and female respectively, the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was 26.86 and 13.81, the prevalence of diabetes was 3.42 and 1.53, and the prevalence of tobacco consumption was 34.61 and 20.83. Higher BMI and waist circumference identified subjects with higher blood pressure up to 54 and 65 years, in men and women, respectively. Age and waist circumference in the whole group, and alcohol consumption in men, were independently correlated with blood pressure; sodium excretion had no correlation. High prevalence of hypertension and obesity-overweight and their association suggest that the most important primary prevention measure in this community should be to prevent obesity. Low levels of awareness indicate the need of ongoing detection programs, and low grade to control of hypertension could be modified with education programs for health providers.
RESUMO
Determinar el efecto sobre la sintomatología clínica, perfil lipídico y niveles plasmáticos de estradiol y estrona frente a la administración de estrógenos conjugados equinos y estrógenos conjugados genéricos formulados localmente. Estudio prospectivo, controlado y randomizado, comparando cuatro grupos de 20 pacientes cada uno con formulaciones diferentes de estrógenos conjugados (EC) contra placebo por un período de 6 meses. No hubo diferencias significativas en la respuesta clínica ni en los niveles plasmático de estradiol y estrona entre los grupos con EC. Todos los grupos mostraron mejorías en el perfil lipídico al compararse contra placebo, se encontró significación sólo en dos de ellos. La respuesta a la sintomatología clínica así como los niveles plasmáticos de estradiol son comparables entre los grupos de EC. Las diferencias significativas entre estrógenos conjugados equinos y los genéricos sobre algunas fracciones de perfil lipídico deber ser precisadas con estudios complementarios para precisar su real significado
Assuntos
Feminino , Estrogênios Conjugados (USP)/farmacocinética , Pré-Menopausa/efeitos dos fármacos , Terapia de Reposição de Estrogênios/métodos , Congêneres do Estradiol/farmacocinética , Estradiol/sangue , Estrona/sangue , Lipídeos/sangue , Placebos/farmacocinéticaRESUMO
In the course of an epidemiologic survey in Ecuador, the following collection of Leishmania stocks was isolated: 28 from patients with clinical signs of leishmaniasis, 2 from sloths, 1 from a dog, and 4 from sand flies. For genetic characterization of these stocks, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) were used. Twenty six of the 35 stocks were identified as either Leishmania (V.) panamensis or L. (V.) guyanensis, 2 stocks were identified as L. (V.) braziliensis, the 2 stocks from sloths showed specific genotypes, and 5 stocks were characterized as hybrids between L. (V.) braziliensis and L. (V.) guyanensis. These data show that genetic diversity of Leishmania in Ecuador is high and that L. (V.) panamensis/guyanensis is the dominant group in this country. The genetic analysis questioned the distinctness between the two species L.(V.) panamensis and L. (V.) guyanensis, since MLEE and RAPD data did not indicate that L. (V.) panamensis and L. (V.) guyanensis correspond to distinct monophyletic lines. Population genetic analysis performed on the L. (V.) panamensis/guyanensis group favors the hypothesis of a basically clonal population structure.
Assuntos
Variação Genética/genética , Leishmania guyanensis/genética , Leishmaniose Mucocutânea/parasitologia , Animais , Cães , Equador , Eletroforese em Acetato de Celulose , Glucosefosfato Desidrogenase/química , Humanos , Isoenzimas/química , Isoenzimas/genética , Leishmania guyanensis/classificação , Leishmania guyanensis/enzimologia , Leishmaniose Mucocutânea/enzimologia , Filogenia , Psychodidae , Técnica de Amplificação ao Acaso de DNA Polimórfico , Bichos-PreguiçaRESUMO
Se presenta una serie de veintisiete casos de higroma quístico, cuyo diagnóstico ultrasonográfico prenatal se realizó entre las semanas trece y treinta de gestación. Veintiuno de los veintisiete casos estudiados, presentaban cromosomopatías agregadas, constituyendo el síndrome de Turner el hallazgo más frecuente. El pronóstico de esta alteración depende de su asociación con cromosomopatías, del tamaño y/o tabicamiento de las formaciones quísticas, de la presencia de hidrops fetal y de la existencia de otras malformaciones agregadas. Nuestra experiencia es absolutamente concordante o coincidente con la literatura mundial
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Adolescente , Adulto , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço , Linfangioma Cístico , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Complicações Neoplásicas na Gravidez , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Morte Fetal , Cariotipagem , Linfangioma Cístico/complicações , Idade Materna , Síndrome de Turner/complicaçõesRESUMO
Se estudian cien pacientes postmenopáusicas del Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Central que consultaron en los Consultorios Nº 1 y 5. Se analizó el motivo de consulta que en la gran mayoría fue por bochornos y dolores osteoarticulares. Se midió el grosor endometrial por ecografía transvaginal que fue menor de 5 mm, en el 92 por ciento de los casos. El estudio mamográfico resultó normal en 81 por ciento, y el 19 por ciento tuvo alteraciones radiológicas compatibles con mastopatía fibroquística de grado leve a moderado. Las mediciones hormonales de FSH, estradiol y estrona estaban en rangos aceptados como propios de esta etapa. El estudio de lipoproteínas mostró que más del 70 por ciento de las mujeres tenía niveles considerados como de riesgo de desarrollo de enfermedad cardiovascular y el índice de masa corporal calculado tuvo sobrepeso en el 54 por ciento y de estas el 15 por ciento era obesas. Se analiza parte de la literatura nacional e internacional y se sugiere solicitar sólo los exámenes necesarios para mejorar el pronóstico de vida en la etapa postmenopáusica y no hacerlo por mera repetición, sino que ajustarlos a las necesidades y antecedentes de cada paciente. Se destaca la conveniencia de manejar esta etapa en forma multidisciplinaria y educar a las mujer, respecto a hábitos de vida y alimentación
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pós-Menopausa/fisiologia , Amenorreia/etiologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Colesterol/sangue , Endométrio , Estradiol/sangue , Estrona/sangue , Mamografia/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To compare, according to blood pressure (BP) categories, 10-year trends in BP measurements in nonhypertensive subjects and the relative risk of developing hypertension. DESIGN: Population study. BP was recorded as the average of two measures taken on a single occasion with a mercury sphygmomanometer and the auscultation method. SETTING: Residents of La Plata, aged 15 to 64 years. PARTICIPANTS: The study was based on randomly chosen individuals who, during a previous survey in 1985, were 15 to 64 years old and whose BP was below 140/90 mmHg. They were grouped according to sex and BP categories. Random age- and sex-stratified sampling of 151 men and 193 women was performed. Categories were high normal BP, optimal BP (as defined by the fifth report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure) and normal but not optimal BP defined as BP 120 to 129/80 to 84 mmHg. RESULTS: BP increased in all categories; this increase was significant (P < 0.01) except for diastolic BP in women with high normal BP. BP increases were higher in optimal BP subjects and lower in high normal BP subjects (P < 0.01 for women and not significant for men). The relative risk of developing hypertension in high normal BP subjects was triple that in optimal BP subjects (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Increases in BP observed in optimal BP subjects stress the importance of monitoring BP changes and recommending primary prevention in the whole population.
Assuntos
Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Argentina/epidemiologia , Auscultação , Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial/instrumentação , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vigilância da População , Fatores de Risco , EsfigmomanômetrosRESUMO
The taxonomic attribution of four Leishmania stocks isolated from humans in Ecuador has been explored by both multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and random amplified polymorphic DNA. For three loci, MLEE results showed patterns suggesting a heterozygous state for a diploid organism, while the corresponding homozygous states are characteristic of the Leishmania panamensis/guyanensis complex and Leishmania braziliensis, respectively. Other enzyme loci showed characters attributable to either the L. panamensis/ guyanensis complex or L. braziliensis. RAPD profiles exhibited for several primers a combination of the Leishmania panamensis/ guyanensis complex and L. braziliensis characters. These data hence suggest that the four stocks are the result of hybridization between L. panamensis/guyanensis and L. braziliensis. MLEE data show that the results cannot be attributed to either mixture of stocks, or an F1 in the framework of a simple Mendelian inheritance.
Assuntos
Quimera/genética , Leishmania braziliensis/genética , Leishmania guyanensis/genética , Filogenia , Animais , DNA de Protozoário/análise , Equador , Eletroforese em Acetato de Celulose/métodos , Humanos , Isoenzimas/análise , Leishmania braziliensis/enzimologia , Leishmania guyanensis/enzimologia , Leishmaniose Cutânea/parasitologia , Leishmaniose Mucocutânea/parasitologia , Técnica de Amplificação ao Acaso de DNA PolimórficoRESUMO
Blood pressure (BP) levels were measured in 450 students (mean age 20.8 +/- .11 years old) and were correlated with different parameters. Prevalence of arterial hypertension was, according to the JNC-V, 13% in males and 3% in females. The correlations between Body Mass Index (BMI) and BP levels were statistically significant either in males and females. Mean BP (MBP) increased 1.17 mmHg per unit of increase of BMI in males and 0.97 mmHg in females. According to the BP levels proposed by the JNC-V the male individuals were classified in three groups: optimal BP (OBP), high normal BP (HNBP) and hypertensives stage 1 (Hypert.). These groups had different BMI; OBP: 22.74 +/- 2; HNBP 24.4 +/- 0.48; Hypert. 25.06 +/- 0.66 kg/m2 (P < 0.05 Hypert. and HNBP as regards PAO; HNBP and Hypert. were not statistically different). Samples of each of these groups were taken in order to analyze other parameters such as: cardiac index (CI), total peripheral resistance (TPR), plasma glucose, plasma insulin, glucose/insulin ratio and intracellular pH in platelets. No significant differences were found in the three groups as regards plasma glucose, plasma insulin and glucose/insulin ratio. The different BP levels among the groups were due to an increase in CI: OBP 3.25 +/- 0.13; HNBP 3.76 +/- 0.2; Hypert. 4.76 +/- 36 ml/min/m2 (P < 0.05) but with TPR numerically "normal": OBP: 2139 +/- 106; HNBP 2170 +/- 114; Hypert. 1858 +/- 146 dynes sec. cm-5 m2 (NS). The intracellular pH in platelets was: 7.15 +/- 0.07 in the OBP, 7.21 +/- 0.05 in the HNBP and 7.33 +/- 0.04 in the Hypert. (P < 0.05 in the Hypert. as regards the PAO). The increase of the pHi in the Hypert. suggests hyperactive Na+/H+ exchanger.
Assuntos
Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Hemodinâmica , Adulto , Glicemia/análise , Plaquetas/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Insulina/análise , Masculino , Caracteres Sexuais , Resistência Vascular/fisiologiaRESUMO
We screened 1.080 individuals of both sexes between 15 and 75 years old of a rural population of Gral. Belgrano (Prov. of Bs As) in order to assess: 1) prevalence of hypertension (HP) 2) state of awareness of the population about hypertension and 3) treatment and control of the hypertensive population. The sample represented 11% of the population between 15 and 75 years old. BP was measured 3 times in one occasion and the average of these determinations was used to state prevalence. The prevalence of HP (BP > or = 140 and/or 90 mmHg) was 39.8% (35.1% for women and 44.9% for men, P < 0.001) (Fig. 2). The prevalence of diastolic hypertension (DHP) was 22.4% in women and 30.1% in men whereas the prevalence of systolic hypertension (SHP) was 9.6% and 12% respectively. 47% of the hypertensive individuals were aware of being hypertensive and 13% of this group were without pharmacological treatment. If we consider the group who was treated (34%) only 7.6% were controlled with the medication. A very high prevalence of this disease was detected in this population. It will be necessary to evaluate obesity and high salt and alcohol intake. The reduction of these risk factors will be of great value for the primary prevention of this disease.
Assuntos
Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Argentina/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , População Rural , Distribuição por SexoRESUMO
We screened 1.080 individuals of both sexes between 15 and 75 years old of a rural population of Gral. Belgrano (Prov. of Bs As) in order to assess: 1) prevalence of hypertension (HP) 2) state of awareness of the population about hypertension and 3) treatment and control of the hypertensive population. The sample represented 11
of the population between 15 and 75 years old. BP was measured 3 times in one occasion and the average of these determinations was used to state prevalence. The prevalence of HP (BP > or = 140 and/or 90 mmHg) was 39.8
(35.1
for women and 44.9
for men, P < 0.001) (Fig. 2). The prevalence of diastolic hypertension (DHP) was 22.4
in women and 30.1
in men whereas the prevalence of systolic hypertension (SHP) was 9.6
and 12
respectively. 47
of the hypertensive individuals were aware of being hypertensive and 13
of this group were without pharmacological treatment. If we consider the group who was treated (34
) only 7.6
were controlled with the medication. A very high prevalence of this disease was detected in this population. It will be necessary to evaluate obesity and high salt and alcohol intake. The reduction of these risk factors will be of great value for the primary prevention of this disease.