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Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques are crucial for maximizing the extraction of residual oil from mature reservoirs. This review explores the latest advancements in surfactant carriers for EOR, focusing on their mechanisms, challenges, and opportunities. We delve into the role of inorganic nanoparticles, carbon materials, polymers and polymeric surfactants, and supramolecular systems, highlighting their interactions with reservoir rocks and their potential to improve oil recovery rates. The discussion includes the formulation and behavior of nanofluids, the impact of surfactant adsorption on different rock types, and innovative approaches using environmentally friendly materials. Notably, the use of metal oxide nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, graphene derivatives, and polymeric surfacants and the development of supramolecular complexes for managing surfacant delivery are examined. We address the need for further research to optimize these technologies and overcome current limitations, emphasizing the importance of sustainable and economically viable EOR methods. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the emerging trends and future directions in surfactant carriers for EOR.

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Despite the great diversity of bats (64 species) in the State of Acre, northwestern Brazil, there are no studies on occurrence and diversity of Bartonella spp. in bats in this region. The present study investigated the occurrence and molecular identity of Bartonella spp. in spleen samples (n = 271) from bats of 30 different species from this region, within the Amazon biome. Twenty-one out of 208 (10.1%) samples positive in the PCR for the mammalian gapdh endogenous genes were positive in the qPCR for Bartonella spp. based on the nuoG gene. The two gltA Bartonella genotypes detected grouped with those previously identified in bats from other locations, expanding the diversity of genotypes associated with bats. This study provided the first molecular evidence of the presence of Bartonella spp. in bats in the state of Acre and in bats of the species Lophostoma silvicolum, Vampyressa thyone, Tonatia saurophila and Phyllostomus elongatus.

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Groundwater is the main source of water for more than 2 billion people worldwide. In southern Brazil, the Crystalline Basement Aquifer System is composed of strategic groundwater reservoirs. Groundwater is mostly taken from shallow wells, and it is often used without any treatment, which poses a risk to public health. The present study aims to evaluate shallow groundwater quality and the geochemistry of shallow and deep groundwater located in the municipality of Canguçu, southern Brazil. The physicochemical and microbiological parameters of groundwater samples collected from shallow wells were monitored and analyzed using ANOVA variance analysis and water quality index (CCME WQI) approaches. Also, the results were compared with secondary data from deep wells. The monitored shallow wells had thermotolerant coliforms, Escherichia coli, pH, potassium, manganese, iron, and nitrate in disagreement with the guidelines of the World Health Organization. Moreover, variance analysis showed that the parameters temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, chloride, and magnesium were the most influenced by seasonal variations. According to the CCME WQI, most samples had good quality (60%), 28% had fair quality, and 12% had poor quality. In addition, the field campaigns with higher precipitation rates also presented fair quality. Therefore, most of the shallow groundwater quality is affected by surface pollutants from the urban area, aggravated in rainy periods. Whereas deep groundwater is influenced by geochemistry mechanisms. The results revealed the risk of water consumption for public health and the urgent need for better maintenance of these wells and water treatment implementation.

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OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and radiographic performance and survival rate of a new two-piece ceramic implant system after at least 12 months of follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-five implants were placed and followed up for at least 12 months (12.3 ± 1.5), in 50 patients. The implants were installed both in fresh extraction sockets and in healed sites and received provisional restoration when the clinical insertion torque was greater than 35Ncm. The primary results describe the survival rate of these implants. Clinical performance was evaluated through the evaluation of the Pink Esthetic Score (PES) and the degree of satisfaction of the patients. Bone loss was measured through radiographic measurements of the marginal bone loss in the mesial (MBLM) and distal (MBLD) sites. RESULTS: The survival rate was 98.5%. The average MBLM was 0.24 mm (± 0.53) and the MBLD was 0.27 mm (± 0.57). A statistical difference was observed only when comparing immediate implants with delayed ones (MBLM - p = 0.046 and MBLD - p = 0.028) and when they received immediate provisionalization or not (MBLM - p = 0.009 and MBLD - p = 0.040). The PES before the intervention (T0) was 13.4 (± 0.8) and the PES at T2 (12-month follow-up) was 12.9 (± 1.5) (p = 1.14). CONCLUSION: The new two-piece ceramic implant used in the present study showed predictable and reliable results, similar to those found with titanium implants after one year of follow-up. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These implants can be used as an alternative to titanium implants in terms of the marginal bone loss and the degree of patient satisfaction.

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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on exercise capacity, respiratory muscle strength, length of hospital stay (LOS), and quality of life (QOL) following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. METHODS: The search was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and the Cochrane Handbook and included the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, and CENTRAL. The review included randomized controlled trials utilizing IMT during phase 1 or 2 postoperative cardiac rehabilitation (PoCR) versus alternative treatment (active or passive control) in patients following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. RESULTS: Fifteen studies were included (11 phase 1 studies, 4 phase 2 studies) with no reported adverse events. In phase 1 PoCR, IMT reduced the LOS (-1.02 days; 95% CI = -2.00 to -0.03) and increased exercise capacity (6-minute walk distance) (+75.46 m; 95% CI = 52.34 to 98.57), and maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) (10.46 cm H2O; 95% CI = 2.83 to 18.10), but had no effect on maximal expiratory pressure. In phase 2 PoCR, IMT increased 6-minute walk distance (45.84 m; 95% CI = 10.89 to 80.80), MIP (-23.19 cm H2O; 95% CI = -31.31 to -15), maximal expiratory pressure (20.18 cm H2O; 95% CI = 9.60 to 30.76), and QOL (-11.17; 95% CI = -17.98 to -4.36), with no effect on peak oxygen uptake. There was a high risk of bias for MIP (75% of the phase 1 studies) and 6MWT (1 of 4 phase 2 studies). The quality of the evidence ranged from very low to moderate. CONCLUSION: IMT significantly improves exercise capacity, respiratory muscle strength, LOS, and QOL in phase 1 and 2 PoCR. IMPACT: IMT may benefit patients during phase 1 and 2 of PoCR, considering the safety, low cost, and potential benefits.

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Objetivo:Avaliar o consumo de substâncias psicoativas por trabalhadores de saúde do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado em um serviço público de saúde localizado numa cidade do Piauí. A coleta de dados se deu de janeiro a março de 2019 por meio da aplicação dos instrumentos em entrevistas pessoais, um com características ocupacionais, sociodemográficas e econômicas e o Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test(ASSIST). Os dados foram organizados e processados no software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences(SPSS)(versão 19.0). Resultados:Dos 68 profissionais de saúde,42 eram do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 49,8 anos. Destes, 44 eram casados e 48 católicos. A categoria profissional mais presente foi a de técnicos de enfermagem (46,2%). Dentre estes trabalhadores, o álcool foi a substância psicoativa mais utilizada por 54 profissionais, seguido pelo consumo de tabaco por 25 e de hipnóticos por 8. Destaca-se que o tabaco foi a substância mais utilizada diariamente. Conclusão:O consumo de substâncias psicoativas entre profissionais da saúde mostrou-se presente e pode estar relacionado com a pressão proveniente desses cargos. Chama-se atenção para a importância de ampliar esse debate e discutir a saúde mental de trabalhadores da saúde

Objective:To evaluate the consumption of psychoactive substances by health workers from the Mobile Urgency Care Service. Methods:A cross-sectional study conducted at a Public Health service located in a city in Piauí. Data collection took place from January to March2019 by applying the following instruments in personal interviews: one with occupational, sociodemographic and economic characteristics; and the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test(ASSIST). The data were organized and processed inthe Statistical Package for the Social Sciences(SPSS) software (version19.0). Results:Of the 68 health professionals, 42 were male, with a mean age of 49.8 years old. Among them, 44 were married and 48 were Catholics. The most prevalent professional category was Nursing Technician, accounting for 46.2%. Among these workers, alcohol was themost used psychoactive substance (54 professionals), followed by tobacco consumption (25) and hypnotics (8). It is noted that tobacco was the substance most commonly used on a daily basis. Conclusion:Consumption of psychoactive substances among health professionals was evident and can be related to the pressure resulting from these positions. Attention is drawn to the importance of expanding this debate and addressing health workers' mental health

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Electrospinning is a versatile technique for fabricating polymeric fibers with diameters ranging from micro- to nanoscale, exhibiting multiple morphologies and arrangements. By combining silk fibroin (SF) with synthetic and/or natural polymers, electrospun materials with outstanding biological, chemical, electrical, physical, mechanical, and optical properties can be achieved, fulfilling the evolving biomedical demands. This review highlights the remarkable versatility of SF-derived electrospun materials, specifically focusing on their application in tissue regeneration (including cartilage, cornea, nerves, blood vessels, bones, and skin), disease treatment (such as cancer and diabetes), and the development of controlled drug delivery systems. Additionally, we explore the potential future trends in utilizing these nanofibrous materials for creating intelligent biomaterials, incorporating biosensors and wearable sensors for monitoring human health, and also discuss the bottlenecks for its widespread use. This comprehensive overview illuminates the significant impact and exciting prospects of SF-derived electrospun materials in advancing biomedical research and applications.

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Introduction: Migration is a natural phenomenon that includes annual movements of many bird species in response to seasonal cycles. With approximately one third of all living bird species, South America has an important avifauna, and many migrants land in Brazil at stopping points and wintering sites. Objective: To identify associations between migrant birds and coastal vegetation, and environmental influence of on migration. Methods: At 10 points along the coast of Piauí State, Brazil, we made visual censuses and mist net captures, between April 2009 and February 2016. Results: We identified 82 migrant bird species (13 orders; 28 families) that represented 41 intracontinental migrating species, 26 northern visiting species, 14 nomad species and one vagrant species. The richness peaks were at the beginning and end of both dry and rainy seasons, matching insolation and atmospheric pressure. There were spatial pattern differences among vegetation complexes. Chrysolampis mosquitus is an indicator of caatinga vegetation, Numenius phaeopus of wetland, Charadrius collaris of non-flooding fields, Rostrhamus sociabilis of forest-grassland transition, and Columbina picui of orchards. Despite differences in number and species composition within vegetation types, the temporal pattern in species richness was similar among flooded fields, non-flooded fields, and transition grassland categories. Conclusions: Migrant birds occupy specific environments during their permanence along the coast of Piauí State, with richness matching insolation and atmospheric pressure.

Introducción: La migración es un fenómeno natural que incluye los movimientos anuales de muchas especies de aves en respuesta a los ciclos estacionales. Con aproximadamente un tercio de todas las especies de aves conocidas, América del Sur tiene una avifauna importante y muchas aves migratorias tienen puntos de parada e invernada en Brasil. Objetivo: Identificar asociaciones entre las aves migratorias y la vegetación costera, y la influencia del medio ambiente en la migración. Métodos: En 10 puntos a lo largo de la costa del Estado de Piauí, Brasil, realizamos censos visuales y capturas con redes de niebla, entre abril 2009 y febrero 2016. Resultados: Identificamos 82 especies de aves migratorias (13 órdenes; 28 familias) que representaron 41 especies migratorias intracontinentales, 26 especies visitantes del norte, 14 especies nómadas y una especie vagante. Los picos de riqueza se dieron al principio y al final de las estaciones seca y lluviosa, coincidiendo con la insolación y la presión atmosférica. Hubo diferencias en el patrón espacial entre los complejos de vegetación. Chrysolampis mosquitus es un indicador de vegetación de caatinga, Numenius phaeopus de humedales, Charadrius collaris de campos que no se inundan, Rostrhamus sociabilis de transición bosque-pastizales y Columbina picui de huertos. A pesar de las diferencias en el número y composición de especies dentro de los tipos de vegetación, el patrón temporal en la riqueza de especies fue similar entre las categorías de campos inundados, campos no inundados y pastizales de transición. Conclusiones: Las aves migratorias ocupan ambientes específicos durante su permanencia a lo largo de la costa del estado de Piauí, con una riqueza acorde con la insolación y la presión atmosférica.

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Electrospun nanofibrous membranes have garnered significant attention in antimicrobial applications, owing to their intricate three-dimensional network that confers an interconnected porous structure, high specific surface area, and tunable physicochemical properties, as well as their notable capacity for loading and sustained release of antimicrobial agents. Tailoring polymer or hybrid-based nanofibrous membranes with stimuli-responsive characteristics further enhances their versatility, enabling them to exhibit broad-spectrum or specific activity against diverse microorganisms. In this review, we elucidate the pivotal advancements achieved in the realm of stimuli-responsive antimicrobial electrospun nanofibers operating by light, temperature, pH, humidity, and electric field, among others. We provide a concise introduction to the strategies employed to design smart electrospun nanofibers with antimicrobial properties. The core section of our review spotlights recent progress in electrospun nanofiber-based systems triggered by single- and multi-stimuli. Within each stimulus category, we explore recent examples of nanofibers based on different polymers and antimicrobial agents. Finally, we delve into the constraints and future directions of stimuli-responsive nanofibrous materials, paving the way for their wider application spectrum and catalyzing progress toward industrial utilization.

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The zwitterions resulting from the covalent attachment of 3- or 4-hydroxy benzene to the 1,3-dimethylimidazolium cation represent basic compounds (pKa of 8.68 and 8.99 in aqueous solutions, respectively) that chemisorb in aqueous solutions 0.58 mol/mol of carbon dioxide at 1.3 bar (absolute) and 40 °C. Equimolar amounts of chemisorbed CO2 in these solutions are obtained at 10 bar and 40 °C. Chemisorption takes place through the formation of bicarbonate in the aqueous solution using imidazolium-containing phenolate. CO2 is liberated by simple pressure relief and heating, regenerating the base. The enthalpy of absorption was estimated to be -38 kJ/mol, which is about 30 % lower than the enthalpy of industrially employed aqueous solutions of MDEA (estimated at -53 kJ/mol using the same experimental apparatus). The physisorption of CO2 becomes relevant at higher pressures (>10 bar) in these aqueous solutions. Combined physio- and chemisorption of up to 1.3 mol/mol at 40 bar and 40 °C can be attained with these aqueous zwitterionic solutions that are thermally stable and can be recycled at least 20 times.

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Biometrics-based authentication has become the most well-established form of user recognition in systems that demand a certain level of security. For example, the most commonplace social activities stand out, such as access to the work environment or to one's own bank account. Among all biometrics, voice receives special attention due to factors such as ease of collection, the low cost of reading devices, and the high quantity of literature and software packages available for use. However, these biometrics may have the ability to represent the individual impaired by the phenomenon known as dysphonia, which consists of a change in the sound signal due to some disease that acts on the vocal apparatus. As a consequence, for example, a user with the flu may not be properly authenticated by the recognition system. Therefore, it is important that automatic voice dysphonia detection techniques be developed. In this work, we propose a new framework based on the representation of the voice signal by the multiple projection of cepstral coefficients to promote the detection of dysphonic alterations in the voice through machine learning techniques. Most of the best-known cepstral coefficient extraction techniques in the literature are mapped and analyzed separately and together with measures related to the fundamental frequency of the voice signal, and its representation capacity is evaluated on three classifiers. Finally, the experiments on a subset of the Saarbruecken Voice Database prove the effectiveness of the proposed material in detecting the presence of dysphonia in the voice.

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The increase in antibiotic resistance rates has attracted the interest of researchers for antibacterial compounds capable of potentiating the activity of conventional antibiotics. Coumarin derivatives have been reported to develop effective antibacterials with possible new mechanisms of action for treating infectious diseases caused by bacteria with a profile of drug resistance. In this context, the aim of the present study we have now prepared one variety of new synthetic coumarins evaluating the pharmacokinetic and chemical similarity in silico, their antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and potential for the modulation of antibiotic resistance against Staphylococcus aureus (SA10) and Escherichia coli (EC06) clinical isolate bacteria by in vitro assay. The antibacterial activity and antibiotic-enhancing properties were evaluated by the broth microdilution method and pharmacokinetically characterized according to the Lipinsk rule of 5 and had their similarity analyzed in databases such as ChemBL and CAS SciFinder. The results demonstrated that only compound C13 showed significant antibacterial activity (MIC ≤256 µg/mL), and all other coumarins did not display relevant antibacterial activity (MIC ≥1024 µg/mL). However, they did modulate the antibiotics activities to norfloxacin and gentamicin, except, compound C11 to norfloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus (SA10). The in silico properties prediction and drug-likeness results demonstrated that all coumarins presented a good drug-likeness score with no violations and promising in silico pharmacokinetic profiles showing that they have the potential to be developed into an oral drug. The results indicate that the coumarin derivatives showed good in vitro antibacterial activity. These new coumarin derivatives also demonstrated the capacity to modulate antibiotic resistance with potential synergy action for current antimicrobials assayed, as antibiotic adjuvants, to reduce the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.

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The problem of antibiotic resistance by bacteria threatens human health. Therefore, studies in this area seek alternatives to circumvent it. The study with coumarins and eugenol has already proven that these classes of compounds act against bacteria. In this same aspect, exposure to LED also shows a bactericidal effect. Seeking a possible enhancement of this effect, the present work studied coumarins derived from eugenol in association with LED to investigate the bactericidal effect. Four compounds were tested. For this, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and modulation with three antibiotics against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were determined. To test the behavior of the activity against exposure to LED, the plates were exposed for 20 min to blue light, 415 nm and then incubated at 37°C for 24 h. For control, duplicates were made, and one of them did not undergo this exposure. C1 exhibited better activity against S. aureus, as synergism prevailed under the conditions tested. C3 and C4 were promising against E. coli as they showed synergism in association with the three antibiotics both with and without LED exposure. Thus, the compounds showed bactericidal activity, and LED was shown to enhance synergism.

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Acrocomia intumescens ("macaúba") is a species that during processing generates a large amount of waste. The use of this residue for the production of flour for incorporation into food products is a way to minimize the cost and nutritionally enrich the final product. This work aimed to develop and analyze, in terms of physico-chemical and microbiological properties, cookies with macaúba almond cake residual flour. Sequilhos formulations were obtained using three different proportions of flour (2, 4 and 6%). The analysis of the flour allowed to find 4.29% of moisture, 1.13% of acidity, 5.33 of pH, 44.46% of carbohydrates, 28.74% of lipids, 20.06% of proteins and 2.45% of ash. In the analysis of the sequilhos formulations, the following values were found: moisture (5.03 to 8.13%), acidity (0.10 to 0.14%), pH (5.52 to 5.93), carbohydrates (67.17 to 73.37%), lipids (18.77 to 31.77%), proteins (0.85 to 1.92%), ash (0.83 to 0.94%) and total energy value (137.57 to 172,50 Kcal/100g). In microbiological analyzes it was highlighted that the sequilhos presented adequate sanitary conditions. The results indicate almond flour as an ingredient to be incorporated in the preparation of sequilhos, which in turn, presented satisfactory physico-chemical properties and microbiological results.

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Objetivo: identificar as características do desenvolvimento profissional, as necessidades de educação permanente e as qualificações mais importantes vivenciadas pelos enfermeiros. Método: estudo transversal, descritivo e exploratório, do tipo estudo de caso, realizado entre julho e setembro de 2019, com 64 enfermeiros. A coleta ocorreu por meio de um questionário, adaptado ao Google Forms®e analisados utilizando software R COMPLETAR. Resultados: 60,9% dos enfermeiros participaram de eventos científicos; 37,5% utilizam de jornais e revistas como principal fonte de leitura; 62,5% acessam a internet com frequência, sendo as redes sociais pessoais as mais utilizadas (45,3%). Nos últimos doze meses, 56,2% afirmaram que participaram de aprimoramento técnico-científico. Entre aquelesque não participaram, o principal motivo foi a distância (20,3%). Dentre as qualificações mais importantes realizadas, estão temas relacionados àsaúde pública e da família (39%), citadas por 18,1% como necessidade.Conclusão: os enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família demonstraram grande envolvimento com atividades de aprimoramento técnico-científico e/ou qualificação profissional, com destaquepara a participação em eventos científicos na área da Enfermagem. Há uma forte influência da prática laboral no processo de qualificação profissional.

Objective:to identify the characteristics of professional development, continuing education needs, and the most important qualifications experienced by nurses. Method:cross-sectional, descriptive and exploratory study, case study type, conducted between July and September 2019, with 64 nurses. The collection occurred through a questionnaire, adapted to Google Forms® and analyzed using R COMPLETAR software. Results:60.9% ofnurses participated in scientific events; 37.5% use newspapers and magazines as their main source of reading; 62.5% access the internet frequently, with personal social networks being the most accessed (45.3%). In the last twelve months, 56.2% said they had participated in technical-scientific improvement. Of those who did not participate, the main reason was distance (20.3%). Among the most important qualifications taken, there are themes related to public and family health (39%), cited by 18.1% as a need. Conclusion:the nurses of the Family Health Strategy demonstrated great involvement with activities of technical-scientific improvement and/or professional qualification, highlighting the participation in scientific events in the Nursing area. There is astrong influence of work practice in the process of professional qualification.

Objetivo:identificar las características del desarrollo profesional, las necesidades de educación continua y las calificaciones más importantes experimentadas por los enfermeros. Método:transversal, descriptivo y exploratorio, del tipo estudio de caso, realizado entre julio y septiembre de 2019, con 64 enfermeros. La recogida se realizó a través de un cuestionario, adaptado a Google Forms® y analizado mediante el software R COMPLETAR. Resultados:60,9% de los enfermeros participaron en eventos científicos; el37,5% utiliza diarios y revistas como principal fuente de lectura; El 62,5% accede a internet con frecuencia, siendo las redes sociales personales las más accedidas (45,3%). En los últimos doce meses, el 56,2% afirmó haber participado en la mejora técnico-científica. De los que no participaron, el principal motivo fue la distancia (20,3%). Entre las más importantes capacitaciones realizadas están temas relacionados con la salud pública y de la familia (39%), citados por el 18,1% como necesidad. Conclusión:los enfermeros de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia mostraron gran involucramiento con actividades de superación técnico-científica y/o calificación profesional, con énfasis en la participación en eventos científicos en el área de Enfermería. Hay una fuerte influencia de la práctica laboral en el proceso de calificación profesional.

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Wound healing is a complex biological process. In this context, hyaluronic acid (HA) plays an important role in all phases of wound healing, from inflammation to the remodelling process. Nevertheless, its presence in adults decreases by 50% compared to newborns, which drastically reduces tissue regeneration. In this sense, this work presented a new method of extracting HA from chicken combs, as well as the development and in vivo evaluation of an ointment composed of vaseline, lanolin and HA 1% (w/w) for wound healing. The rheological analysis showed that the ointment containing HA has a viscoelastic behaviour. The in vivo test showed on the 7th day that the group treated with the ointment containing HA had a wound area of 0.07 cm2 against 0.09 cm2 of the ointment without HA (vaseline, and lanolin). On the other hand, the groups treated with the HA ointment had a higher mean percentage of collagen and better healing on the 14th day. The results of this paper indicate that the new method used to obtain HA is feasible, low-cost, and easy to obtain. Furthermore, the HA containing ointment improved wound healing. Therefore, the obtained ointment has great potential for use as an effective biomaterial in wound healing.

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Introdução: Os anticoncepcionais hormonais orais estão entre os métodos contraceptivos mais utilizados pelas mulheres, quando usado corretamente apresenta grande eficácia, mas para o uso adequado é fundamental que elas tenham conhecimentos e atitudes adequadas sobre eles. Objetivo: Construir e validar um inquérito para avaliar os conhecimentos, atitudes e prática sobre o uso de anticoncepcional hormonal oral. Métodos: Estudo metodológico, que aconteceu em duas etapas: construção do inquérito e validação por juízes especialistas. A análise da validade de conteúdo foi realizada por meio do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC). Os juízes avaliaram cada item individualmente, com relação à clareza da linguagem, à pertinência prática e à relevância teórica. A pesquisa foi aprovada por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: Na revisão integrativa da literatura, 34 publicações foram selecionadas e a análise delas permitiu a identificação das três categorias: conhecimentos, atitudes e prática quanto ao uso de anticoncepcionais hormonais orais, o que levou à construção do inquérito com 34 questões. Quanto ao IVC, grande parte das questões obteve valor superior a 0,8 (80,0%), o qual foi utilizado como parâmetro. Sobre o IVC total por juiz, em 10 (83,3%) deles se observou também valor superior a 0,8. Já o IVC total do inquérito foi de 0,86. Conclusões: O inquérito construído mostrou-se ser um instrumento válido para se obter um diagnóstico situacional dos níveis de conhecimentos, de atitudes e prática de uma dada população que faz uso de anticoncepcionais orais.

Introduction: Oral hormonal contraceptives are among the contraceptive methods most used by women, when used correctly, it is highly effective, but for proper use, it is essential that they have adequate knowledge and attitudes about them. Objective: To build and validate an inquiry to assess knowledge, attitudes and practice on or use of oral hormonal contraceptive. Methods: Methodological study, which took place in two stages: construction of the survey and validation by expert judges. The content validity analysis was performed using the Content Validity Index (CVI). The judges evaluated each item individually, with respect to language clarity, practical relevance and theoretical relevance. The Research Ethics Committee approved the research. Results: In the integrative literature review, 34 publications were selected and their analysis allowed the identification of the three categories: knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding the use of oral hormonal contraceptives, which led to the construction of the survey with 34 questions. As for the CVI, most of the questions had a value greater than 0.8 (80.0%), which was used as a parameter. Regarding the total CVI per judge, 10 (83.3%) of them also had a value higher than 0.8. The total CVI of the survey was 0.86. Conclusions: The constructed survey proved to be a valid instrument for obtaining a situational diagnosis of the levels of knowledge, attitudes and practice of a given population that uses oral contraceptives.

Introducción: Anticonceptivos hormonales orales se encuentran entre los métodos anticonceptivos más utilizados por las mujeres, cuando se usan correctamente es altamente efectivo, pero para su uso adecuado es fundamental que tengan los conocimientos y actitudes adecuados. Objetivo: Construir y validar una encuesta para evaluar conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas con respecto al uso de anticonceptivos hormonales orales. Métodos: Estudio metodológico, que se desarrolló en dos etapas: construcción de la encuesta y validación por jueces expertos. Análisis de validez de contenido se realizó mediante el Índice de Validez de Contenido (IVC). Jueces evaluaron cada ítem individualmente, con respecto a la claridad del lenguaje, relevancia práctica y relevancia teórica. La investigación fue aprobada por el Comité de Ética en Investigación. Resultados: En la revisión integradora de la literatura se seleccionaron 34 publicaciones y su análisis permitió identificar las tres categorías: conocimientos, actitudes y práctica en relación al uso de anticonceptivos hormonales orales, lo que llevó a la construcción de la encuesta con 34 preguntas. La mayoría de las preguntas tuvo un IVC superior a 0,8 (80,0%), que se utilizó como parámetro. En cuanto al IVC total por juez, 10 (83,3%) de ellos también tenían un valor superior a 0,8. El CVI total de la encuesta fue de 0,86. Conclusiones: La encuesta construida resultó ser un instrumento válido para obtener un diagnóstico situacional de los niveles de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de una determinada población que usa anticonceptivos orales.

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Objective: to describe the sociodemographic, epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the initial cases of Covid-19 in the municipality of Sobral, Ceará, Brazil. Materials and methods: descriptive, temporal and quantitative epidemiological study, developed in the municipality of Sobral - Ceará, Brazil, with 110 confirmed cases of Covid-19. Descriptive and analytical analysis was performed, using the Chi-square test and Logistic Regression to verify the association between variables. The level of significance was set at 95% (p≤0.05). Results: it was observed that 60% of cases occurred in women, 74.5% were adults between 20 and 59 years old, 15.5% health workers and the lethality rate was 1.8%. In 58.2% of cases the main reporting unit was the hospital, 10% required hospitalization, and 64.5% were diagnosed with rapid tes. The main symptoms manifested were: cough (58.2%), fever (57.3%), sore throat (36.4%) and difficulty breathing (31.9%). There was an association between age and the presence of fever, cough and sore throat (p=0.05). Conclusion: the results suggest that older people are more susceptible to some symptoms when compared to younger people. Associated with global estimates, this work can provide subsidies for Covid-19 prevention and control actions in small and medium-sized Brazilian municipalities..(Au)

Objectivo: describir las características sociodemográficas, epidemiológicas y clínicas de los casos iniciales de Covid-19 en el municipio de Sobral, Ceará, Brasil. Materiales y métodos: estudio epidemiológico descriptivo, temporal y cuantitativo, desarrollado en el municipio de Sobral - Ceará, Brasil, con 110 casos confirmados de Covid -19. Se realizó análisis descriptivo y analítico, utilizando la prueba de chi-cuadrado y regresión logística para verificar la asociación entre variables. El nivel de significancia se estableció en 95% (p≤0.05). Resultados: se observó que el 60,0% de los casos ocurrieron en mujeres, el 74,5% eran adultos entre 20 y 59 años, el 15,5% trabajadores de la salud y la tasa de letalidad fue del 1,8%. En el 58,2% de los casos la principal unidad de notificación fue el hospital, el 10% requirió hospitalización y el 64,5% fueron diagnosticados con pruebas rápidas. Los principales síntomas manifestados fueron: tos (58,2%), fiebre (57,3%), dolor de garganta (36,4%) y dificultad para respirar (31,9%). Hubo asociación entre la edad y la presencia de fiebre, tos y dolor de garganta (p=0,05). Conclusión: los resultados sugieren que las personas mayores son más susceptibles a algunos síntomas en comparación con las personas más jóvenes. Asociado a estimaciones globales, este trabajo puede proporcionar subsidios para acciones de prevención y control de Covid-19 en municipios brasileños pequeños y medianos..(Au)

RESUMO

In this study we prepared annatto-loaded cellulose acetate nanofiber scaffolds and evaluated both in vitro cytotoxicity and potential for wound healing in a rat model. Annatto extract, which has been used to accelerate wound healing, was added to cellulose acetate polymer and the resulting material was used to produce nanofiber scaffolds via electrospinning. Physicochemical, and thermal evaluation of the resulting nanofiber mats showed that incorporating annatto did not significantly affect the thermal or chemical stability of the polymer. Annatto extract did not demonstrate cytotoxicity in the HET-CAM assay or MTT assay for fibroblast culture. Scanning electron microscopy of the fibroblasts confirmed that cells spread and penetrated into the nanofiber. In vivo experiments confirmed that cellulose acetate retained its biocompatibility when associated with crude annatto extract, and suggested that dose/response modulation occurs between the annatto-functionalized nanofibers and mast cells, indicating the potential of this material for wound healing applications.

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