RESUMO
Fetal hyperthyroidism is a rare prenatal disease and can be life-threatening. The diagnosis is based on ultrasound in mothers with a history of Basedow-Graves' disease and elevation of thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAbs) levels. The treatment consists of antithyroid drugs. We present a mother with Basedow-Graves' disease, treated with radioactive iodine 16 years ago. She had an unplanned pregnancy at the age of 29 years, and an elevation of TRAbs (21 U/L) was found at the sixth week of pregnancy. At 22 weeks of gestation, fetal ultrasound displayed tachycardia, goiter, exophthalmos, and suspicion of craniosynostosis, hence methimazole was started. Concomitantly, suppressed maternal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was found. Her daughter was born at 33 + 6 weeks showing clinical and laboratory findings of hyperthyroidism. Consequently, treatment with methimazole was prescribed. Normal thyroid function was documented in the mother after giving birth. Clear explanation has not been found for the alteration of maternal TSH during pregnancy.
RESUMO
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine metabolic dysfunction closely associated with insulin resistance and obesity, which predisposes to pregnancy complications. Aim: To report a prospective clinical experience in PCOS patients who became pregnant after diet, exercise and metformin treatment intervention, and were followed up during the whole pregnancy. Patients and Methods: Seventy pregnant PCOS (PPCOS) women and forty normal pregnant (NP) women of similar age and with singleton pregnancies were included in the study. During gestational ages 10-16 and 22-28 weeks, a 2h, 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed with measurement of glucose and insulin in each sample. Results: No differences were found in duration of gestation, weight gain during pregnancy, or systolic and diastolic blood pressure between PPCOS and NP women. There were significant differences in body mass index (BMI) at the initiation and in the third trimester of pregnancy between both groups. The incidence of gestational diabetes was significantly higher (p <0.01) in the PCOS group (35.2 percent) compared to the control group (5.0 percent). The prevalence of small for gestational age (SGA) infants tended to be higher (p =0.09) in the PCOS group. During pregnancy, 2h glucose and insulin were significantly higher in PPCOS than in NP women. Conclusions: PCOS mothers showed a higher prevalence of gestational diabetes and SGA newborns, which cannot be attributed to the weight gain during pregnancy, and seems to be more related to the BMI at the initiation of pregnancy, and to the PCOS condition of the mothe.
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Diabetes Gestacional , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/complicações , Cuidado Pré-Natal , Peso ao Nascer , Estatura , Índice de Massa Corporal , Diabetes Gestacional/diagnóstico , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Recém-Nascido Pequeno para a Idade Gestacional , Resistência à Insulina , Obesidade/complicações , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/diagnóstico , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/terapia , Resultado da GravidezRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine metabolic dysfunction closely associated with insulin resistance and obesity, which predisposes to pregnancy complications. AIM: To report a prospective clinical experience in PCOS patients who became pregnant after diet, exercise and metformin treatment intervention, and were followed up during the whole pregnancy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy pregnant PCOS (PPCOS) women and forty normal pregnant (NP) women of similar age and with singleton pregnancies were included in the study. During gestational ages 10-16 and 22-28 weeks, a 2h, 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed with measurement of glucose and insulin in each sample. RESULTS: No differences were found in duration of gestation, weight gain during pregnancy, or systolic and diastolic blood pressure between PPCOS and NP women. There were significant differences in body mass index (BMI) at the initiation and in the third trimester of pregnancy between both groups. The incidence of gestational diabetes was significantly higher (p <0.01) in the PCOS group (35.2%) compared to the control group (5.0%). The prevalence of small for gestational age (SGA) infants tended to be higher (p =0.09) in the PCOS group. During pregnancy, 2h glucose and insulin were significantly higher in PPCOS than in NP women. CONCLUSIONS: PCOS mothers showed a higher prevalence of gestational diabetes and SGA newborns, which cannot be attributed to the weight gain during pregnancy, and seems to be more related to the BMI at the initiation of pregnancy, and to the PCOS condition of the mother.
Assuntos
Diabetes Gestacional , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/complicações , Cuidado Pré-Natal , Adulto , Peso ao Nascer , Estatura , Índice de Massa Corporal , Diabetes Gestacional/diagnóstico , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Pequeno para a Idade Gestacional , Resistência à Insulina , Obesidade/complicações , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/diagnóstico , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/terapia , Gravidez , Resultado da GravidezRESUMO
El síndrome de ovario poliquístico(SOP) es una disfunción endocrinometabólica heterogénea de alta prevalencia, con una probable base genética, que compromete la función reproductiva de la mujer joven y que se encuentra en estrecha asociación a la insulinorresistencia (IR), Dentro de su compleja fisiopatología destacan la hipersecreción de LH e insulina, las cuales agravan una alteración preexistente de la biosíntesis esteroidal. La presencia de IR predispone a estas pacientes a desarrollar complicaciones cardiovasculares y metabólicas, las que suelen ser precoces. Por otro lado, la incidencia de patologías metabólicas asociadas a IR es mayor en los familiares de pacientes SOP que en los de mujeres normales, de ahí que el tratamiento de este síndrome no sólo debe ser sintomático, sino fundamentalmente preventivo. Asimismo, el SOP debería ser considerado un marcador de una patología familiar, un camino a la diabetes y un problema de salud pública
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Hiperinsulinismo , Obesidade , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/fisiopatologia , Anovulação/terapia , Diabetes Mellitus , Hiperandrogenismo , Hiperinsulinismo , Resistência à Insulina , Obesidade , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/complicaçõesRESUMO
La insulinorresistencia, es la base fisiopatológica de múltiples enfermedades de alta prevalencia, entre las que se destacan: la obesidad androide, la intolerancia a la glucosa, la diabetes mellitus, la hipertensión arterial y la dislipidemia. Además, se presenta en otras situaciones patológicas frecuentes, entre otras, diabetes gestacional, ovario poliquístico y en sujetos pequeños para la edad gestacional. Finalmente, está presente en una serie de condiciones fisiológicas y patológicas poco frecuentes o muy excepcionales, ya sea de origen genético, congénitas o adquiridas. Quizás más que por su prevalencia, el principal problema reside en, que esta condición puede permanecer desconocida y el daño metabólico puede ocurrir mucho antes que un exámen fortuito o el cuadro florido de una diabetes 2 nos lleve finalmente a su diagnóstico. El propósito de esta revisión es dar una orientación diagnóstica práctica de este síndrome tanto desde el punto de vista clínico como de las metodologías actualmente en uso