RESUMO
The study of anxiety, specifically its relations with sociodemographic variables, has been fruitfull in sport psychology research. This study aimed to investigate athletes' sport anxiety regarding differences in gender and sport played. An application of structural equation modeling was made, with 601 Portuguese athletes. From them 172 (28.6%) were female and 429 (71.4%) were male. They competed in a variety of individual (e.g., athletics, climbing, orienteering, surfing, swimming, tennis; 42.6%) and team sports (e.g., basketball, handball, rugby, soccer, volleyball; 57.4%). Participants' age ranged from 12 to 47 years (M = 17.44 years; SD = 4.99). After testing the measurement invariance of the first and second-order models, across gender and type of sport (individual vs. team), latent mean comparisons were investigated and Cohen's d (1988) statistic was computed to obtain the corresponding effect sizes (Kline, 2016). Significant differences were detected between male and female athletes and between individual and team sports. Female and individual sports athletes presented higher levels of general sports anxiety.The results of this research provided evidence that anxiety is appraised differently by athletes based on their gender and type of sport.
El estudio de la ansiedad, ha sido fructífero en la investigación en Psicología del Deporte. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la ansiedad deportiva de los atletas, con respecto a su género y el tipo de deporte. Se aplicó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales con 601 atletas portugueses. De ellos, 172 (28.6%) eran mujeres y 429 (71.4%) eran hombres. Competían en modalidades individuales (por ejemplo, atletismo, escalada, orientación, surf, natación, tenis; 42.6%) y deportes de equipo (por ejemplo, baloncesto,balonmano, rugby, fútbol, voleibol; 57.4%). La edad de los participantes osciló entre 12 y 47 años (M = 17.44 años; SD = 4.99). Se investigaron la invariancia de medición y las comparaciones de medias latentes. Se detectaron diferencias significativas entre los atletas masculinos y femeninos y entre los deportes individuales y de equipo. Las atletas femininas y los atletas de deportes individuales presentaron niveles más altos de ansiedad deportiva general. Los resultados de esta investigación proporcionaron evidencia de que la ansiedad es apreciada de manera diferente por los atletas, con respecto a su género y tipo de deporte.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE:: The passive cycle ergometer aims to prevent hypotrophy and improve muscle strength, with a consequent reduction in hospitalization time in the intensive care unit and functional improvement. However, its effects on oxidative stress and immune system parameters remain unknown. The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of a passive cycle ergometer on the immune system and oxidative stress in critical patients. METHODS:: This paper describes a randomized controlled trial in a sample of 19 patients of both genders who were on mechanical ventilation and hospitalized in the intensive care unit of the Hospital Agamenom Magalhães. The patients were divided into two groups: one group underwent cycle ergometer passive exercise for 30 cycles/min on the lower limbs for 20 minutes; the other group did not undergo any therapeutic intervention during the study and served as the control group. A total of 20 ml of blood was analysed, in which nitric oxide levels and some specific inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukins 6 (IL-6) and 10 (IL-10)) were evaluated before and after the study protocol. RESULTS:: Regarding the demographic and clinical variables, the groups were homogeneous in the early phases of the study. The nitric oxide analysis revealed a reduction in nitric oxide variation in stimulated cells (p=0.0021) and those stimulated (p=0.0076) after passive cycle ergometer use compared to the control group. No differences in the evaluated inflammatory cytokines were observed between the two groups. CONCLUSION:: We can conclude that the passive cycle ergometer promoted reduced levels of nitric oxide, showing beneficial effects on oxidative stress reduction. As assessed by inflammatory cytokines, the treatment was not associated with changes in the immune system. However, further research in a larger population is necessary for more conclusive results.
Assuntos
Estado Terminal/terapia , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Terapia Passiva Contínua de Movimento/métodos , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Citocinas/sangue , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Lipopolissacarídeos/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Atrofia Muscular/prevenção & controle , Óxido Nítrico/imunologia , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/imunologia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Respiração Artificial/métodos , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Abstract The Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory (PFAI) is a multidimensional measure of threat appraisals associated with one's fear of failure. Whilst emerging research has supported the validity and reliability of the PFAI with North American and British sport participants, its psychometric proprieties remain untested within Portuguese samples. This study examined the psychometric proprieties of the PFAI with a sample of 556 Portuguese athletes. A confirmatory factor analysis was employed to test whether the proposed multi-factorial structure of the PFAI fits well the Portuguese data.All factors displayed good internal consistency, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. Multi-group analysis revealed cross-validity and the models' invariance. The correlations between fear of failure and sport anxiety measures revealed evidence of its concurrent validity. The PFAIappears to be a psychometrically sound measure anda valid and reliable tool for assessing fear of failure in Portuguese sport contexts.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Comparação Transcultural , Esportes/psicologia , Análise FatorialRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate effects of overweight on spirometric parameters in adolescents who underwent bronchial provocation test for exercise. METHODS: We included 71 male adolescents. The diagnosis of asthma was done based on participants' clinical history and on the International Study Questionnaire Asthma and Allergies in Childhood, and the diagnosis of obesity was based on body mass index above 95th percentile. The bronchospasm induced by exercise was assessed using the run-walk test on a treadmill for eight minutes. The decrease in forced expiratory volume in one second > or equal to 10% before exercise was considered positive, and to calculate the intensity in exercise-induced bronchospasm we measured the maximum percentage of forced expiratory volume in one second and above the curve area. Data analysis was carried out using the Mann-Whitney U test and Friedman test (ANOVA), followed by Wilcoxon test (p<0.05). In addition, we used Fisher's exact test to analyze the exercise-induced bronchospasm frequency. RESULTS: Significant differences were observed among obese adolescents in exercise-induced bronchospasm frequency (p=0,013) and in relation to time required for recovery after exercise (p=0,007). CONCLUSION: Overweight can influence the increase in the exercise-induced bronchospasm frequency in non-asthmatic adolescents compared with eutrophic adolescents. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito do excesso de peso sobre parâmetros espirométricos em adolescentes submetidos ao teste de broncoprovocação por exercício. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 71 adolescentes do sexo masculino. O diagnóstico de asma foi obtido por meio de histórico clínico e do questionário International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood, e o de obesidade, pelo índice de massa corporal acima do percentil 95. Para avaliar o broncoespasmo induzido pelo exercício, utilizou-se o teste correr/caminhar em esteira ergométrica, com duração de 8 minutos, considerando positivo se diminuição do volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo >10% do valor pré-exercício e, para a intensidade do broncoespasmo induzido pelo exercício, foram utilizados o cálculo da queda percentual máxima do volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo e a área acima da curva. A análise dos dados foi realizada pelo teste U Mann-Whitney e pela ANOVA de Friedman, seguido do teste de Wilcoxon (p<0,05). O teste de Fisher foi empregado para analisar a frequência de broncoespasmo induzido pelo exercício. RESULTADOS: Foram encontradas diferenças significativas quanto à frequência de broncoespasmo induzido pelo exercício (p=0,013) e ao tempo de recuperação pós-exercício (p=0,007) nos adolescentes obesos. CONCLUSÃO: O excesso de peso pode influenciar no aumento da frequência de broncoespasmo induzido pelo exercício em adolescentes não asmáticos, quando comparados a eutróficos.
Assuntos
Asma Induzida por Exercício/complicações , Teste de Esforço/normas , Sobrepeso/complicações , Espirometria , Adolescente , Asma Induzida por Exercício/fisiopatologia , Testes de Provocação Brônquica/métodos , Criança , Humanos , Masculino , Sobrepeso/fisiopatologia , Fatores de Tempo , Capacidade Vital/fisiologiaAssuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Esporotricose , Vigilância em Saúde Pública , Zoonoses , Surtos de DoençasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Physical activity (PA) is an essential health promotion factor. In asthmatic children and adolescents, exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) and parental beliefs and attitudes toward PA may be limiting issues. OBJECTIVE: To compare PA levels in asthmatic adolescents with and without EIB and the influence of mothers' beliefs of asthma worsening due to PA and attitudes in restraining their children's PA, asthma severity, severe EIB, or bronchospasm perception. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional, hypothesis-testing study from December 1, 2008, through August 31, 2009, using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire to assesses PA levels in 134 asthmatic adolescents (10-19 years of age, 60% male) from an underprivileged community. EIB was defined as a decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 second greater than 10% from basal 5, 15, or 30 minutes after treadmill running for 8 minutes. Subjective factors were evaluated through specific questionnaires. RESULTS: EIB was diagnosed in 46% of patients and was not associated with lower PA levels (odds ratio, 1.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.75-3.52). The other factors evaluated were also not associated with lower PA levels, although 78% of the mothers said they believe asthmatic children cannot participate in PA as much as nonasthmatic children, 44% that exercise can be harmful, and 52% that they restrained their children's PA. CONCLUSION: We found no association between EIB and low PA levels, although EIB was a frequent event that should be addressed by health care professionals, along with mother's beliefs and attitudes toward PA.
Assuntos
Asma Induzida por Exercício/epidemiologia , Mães/psicologia , Atividade Motora , Adolescente , Asma Induzida por Exercício/fisiopatologia , Asma Induzida por Exercício/psicologia , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Progressão da Doença , Teste de Esforço , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Inquéritos e Questionários , Clima Tropical , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Fraturas do osso malar e de órbitas, frequentes em acidentes da vida moderna, foram estudadas em 156 pacientes, a maioria dos quais eram homens, entre 20 a 40 anos, vítimas de acidentes automobilísticos, quedas e agressöes. Dificuldade em diagnosticar fraturas que apresentam poucas evidências clínicas säo comentadas e traçam-se consideraçöes sobre os sinais, sintomas e alteraçöes. Para isto, orienta-se para a exploraçäo minuciosa de qualquer evidência de fratura. Devido a frequentes lesöes oftalmológicas associadas, é aconselhado o exame oftalmológico sistemático. No tratamento foram utilizadas tanto técnica conservadora, com uso de gancho, quanto técnica cirúrgica, usando osteossíntese com fio de aço. Säo comentados aspectos das diversas terapêuticas utilizadas