RESUMO
The association of scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and detection of a diffraction pattern at each probe position (so-called 4D-STEM) represents one of the most promising approaches to analyze structural properties of materials with nanometric resolution and low irradiation levels. This is widely used for texture analysis of materials using automated crystal orientation mapping (ACOM). Herein, we perform orientation mapping in InP nanowires exploiting precession electron diffraction (PED) patterns acquired by an axial CMOS camera. Crystal orientation is determined at each probe position by the quantitative analysis of diffracted intensities minimizing a residue comparing experiments and simulations in analogy to x-ray structural refinement. Our simulations are based on the two-beam dynamical diffraction approximation and yield a high angular precision (â¼0.03°), much lower than the traditional ACOM based on pattern matching algorithms (â¼1°). We anticipate that simultaneous exploration of both spot positions and high precision crystal misorientation will allow the exploration of the whole potentiality provided by PED-based 4D-STEM for the characterization of deformation fields in nanomaterials.
RESUMO
HO-1 is the inducible form of the enzyme heme-oxygenase. HO-1 catalyzes heme breakdown, reducing the levels of this important oxidant molecule and generating antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic byproducts. Thus, HO-1 has been described as an important stress response mechanism during both physiologic and pathological processes. Interestingly, some findings are demonstrating that uncontrolled levels of HO-1 byproducts can be associated with cell death and tissue destruction as well. Furthermore, HO-1 can be located in the nucleus, influencing gene transcription, cellular proliferation, and DNA repair. Here, we will discuss several studies that approach HO-1 effects as a protective or detrimental mechanism in different pathological conditions. In this sense, as the major organs of vertebrates will deal specifically with distinct types of stresses, we discuss the HO-1 role in each of them, exposing the contradictions associated with HO-1 expression after different insults and circumstances.
Assuntos
Heme Oxigenase-1 , Oxidantes , Animais , Heme Oxigenase-1/genética , Heme Oxigenase-1/metabolismo , Vertebrados/metabolismoRESUMO
Mixtures of anhydrous ethyl alcohol and gasoline substituted for pure gasoline as a fuel in many Brazilian vehicles. Consequently, the concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as ketones, other organic compounds, and particularly aldehydes increased in many Brazilian cities. The current study aims to investigate whether formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, or mixtures of both impair lung function, morphology, inflammatory and redox responses at environmentally relevant concentrations. For such purpose, C57BL/6 mice were exposed to either medical compressed air or to 4 different mixtures of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. Eight hours later animals were anesthetized, paralyzed and lung mechanics and morphology, inflammatory cells and IL-1ß, KC, TNF-α, IL-6, CCL2, MCP-1 contents, superoxide dismutase and catalalase activities were determined. The extra pulmonary respiratory tract was also analyzed. No differences could be detected between any exposed and control groups. In conclusion, no morpho-functional alterations were detected in exposed mice in relation to the control group.
Assuntos
Acetaldeído/toxicidade , Poluentes Atmosféricos/toxicidade , Formaldeído/toxicidade , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/toxicidade , Poluição do Ar , Animais , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Feminino , Pulmão/patologia , Pulmão/fisiopatologia , Medidas de Volume Pulmonar , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Modelos Animais , Mucosa Nasal/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Nasal/metabolismo , Mucosa Nasal/patologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Pressão , Ventilação Pulmonar , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) and human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in a population in southern Brazil. METHODS: In a retrospective cross-sectional study, the prevalence of ASCUS was determined among women aged 20-60 years who were referred to a private medical center in Caxias do Sul by a gynecologist for assessment of a cervical condition between January 1, 2010, and September 30, 2011. Histologic and cytologic samples were tested for HPV, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to genotype any HPV DNA identified. RESULTS: Among the 250 included women, 25 (10.0%) had ASCUS. HPV DNA was found in 15 (60.0%) women with ASCUS and 115 (51.1%) of the 225 without ASCUS. Viral typing showed that 7 (46.7%) HPV-positive women with ASCUS had multiple infections with up to five different genotypes. Both low- and high-risk HPV genotypes were found in ASCUS samples; the most prevalent genotypes were HPV6/HPV11 (affecting 10 [66.7%] women), HPV51 (6 [40.0%]), and HPV16 (6 [40.0%]). CONCLUSION: ASCUS is not an indication of HPV infection. HPV screening and genotyping would benefit women with ASCUS, because treatment can be planned according to risk of carcinogenesis.
Assuntos
Células Escamosas Atípicas do Colo do Útero , Papillomaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Lesões Intraepiteliais Escamosas Cervicais/epidemiologia , Lesões Intraepiteliais Escamosas Cervicais/virologia , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Coinfecção/virologia , Estudos Transversais , DNA Viral/análise , Feminino , Genótipo , Papillomavirus Humano 11/isolamento & purificação , Papillomavirus Humano 16/isolamento & purificação , Papillomavirus Humano 6/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Papillomaviridae/genética , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Lesões Intraepiteliais Escamosas Cervicais/patologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Among the main benefits of laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) compared to open adrenalectomy (OA) the rapid recovery of patients with decreased length of stay in hospital can be highlighted. The objective of this study was to compare the open adrenalectomy with laparoscopic adrenalectomy in swine. Thirty-two swine were operated. The animals had been divided into four groups (n = 8), one group was submitted to OA and the other to LA, together with its respective control group. Parameters were evaluated regarding operative time, body temperature, hematocrit, postoperative and intraoperative complications and time to deambulation. There was no meaningful difference between operative and deambulation times, even though the latter having been higher in the group submitted to OA. The most frequent intercurrences were in bowel, damage to adrenal vessels and renal hematoma. There were no significant blood losses, and observed hypothermia did not have any clinical impact. Laparoscopy in swine experimental adrenalectomy is a reliable technique that can serve as a reference for the surgical treatment of patients with adrenal diseases with surgical indications in other animal species.(AU)
Dentre os principais benefícios da adrenalectomia laparoscópica (AL) frente à adrenalectomia aberta (AA) destaca-se a rápida recuperação dos pacientes com diminuição do tempo de internação. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a adrenalectomia aberta com a adrenalectomia laparoscópica em suínos. Foram operados 32 suínos, distribuídos em quatro grupos (n=8), sendo um grupo submetido à AA e outro grupo à AL, com seus respectivos grupos controle. Foram avaliados parâmetros referentes a tempo operatório, temperatura corporal, hematócrito, intercorrências operatórias e tempo de deambulação. Não houve diferença significativa entre os tempos operatórios e de deambulação, apesar deste último ter sido maior no grupo submetido à AA. As intercorrências mais frequentes foram acidentes em alças intestinais, lesões em vasos adrenais e hematoma renal. As perdas sanguíneas não foram significativas, a hipotermia observada não apresentou repercussão clínica. A laparoscopia para adrenalectomia experimental em suínos é uma técnica confiável podendo servir como referência para o tratamento de doenças adrenais com indicações cirúrgicas em outras espécies animais.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Adrenalectomia/veterinária , Suínos/anatomia & histologia , Glândulas Suprarrenais/anatomia & histologia , Cirurgia Veterinária/métodos , Temperatura Corporal , Hematócrito/veterináriaRESUMO
Among the main benefits of laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) compared to open adrenalectomy (OA) the rapid recovery of patients with decreased length of stay in hospital can be highlighted. The objective of this study was to compare the open adrenalectomy with laparoscopic adrenalectomy in swine. Thirty-two swine were operated. The animals had been divided into four groups (n = 8), one group was submitted to OA and the other to LA, together with its respective control group. Parameters were evaluated regarding operative time, body temperature, hematocrit, postoperative and intraoperative complications and time to deambulation. There was no meaningful difference between operative and deambulation times, even though the latter having been higher in the group submitted to OA. The most frequent intercurrences were in bowel, damage to adrenal vessels and renal hematoma. There were no significant blood losses, and observed hypothermia did not have any clinical impact. Laparoscopy in swine experimental adrenalectomy is a reliable technique that can serve as a reference for the surgical treatment of patients with adrenal diseases with surgical indications in other animal species.
Dentre os principais benefícios da adrenalectomia laparoscópica (AL) frente à adrenalectomia aberta (AA) destaca-se a rápida recuperação dos pacientes com diminuição do tempo de internação. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a adrenalectomia aberta com a adrenalectomia laparoscópica em suínos. Foram operados 32 suínos, distribuídos em quatro grupos (n=8), sendo um grupo submetido à AA e outro grupo à AL, com seus respectivos grupos controle. Foram avaliados parâmetros referentes a tempo operatório, temperatura corporal, hematócrito, intercorrências operatórias e tempo de deambulação. Não houve diferença significativa entre os tempos operatórios e de deambulação, apesar deste último ter sido maior no grupo submetido à AA. As intercorrências mais frequentes foram acidentes em alças intestinais, lesões em vasos adrenais e hematoma renal. As perdas sanguíneas não foram significativas, a hipotermia observada não apresentou repercussão clínica. A laparoscopia para adrenalectomia experimental em suínos é uma técnica confiável podendo servir como referência para o tratamento de doenças adrenais com indicações cirúrgicas em outras espécies animais. Palavras-chave: glândulas supra-renais; irrigação sanguínea; videocirurgia.
RESUMO
Among the main benefits of laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) compared to open adrenalectomy (OA) the rapid recovery of patients with decreased length of stay in hospital can be highlighted. The objective of this study was to compare the open adrenalectomy with laparoscopic adrenalectomy in swine. Thirty-two swine were operated. The animals had been divided into four groups (n = 8), one group was submitted to OA and the other to LA, together with its respective control group. Parameters were evaluated regarding operative time, body temperature, hematocrit, postoperative and intraoperative complications and time to deambulation. There was no meaningful difference between operative and deambulation times, even though the latter having been higher in the group submitted to OA. The most frequent intercurrences were in bowel, damage to adrenal vessels and renal hematoma. There were no significant blood losses, and observed hypothermia did not have any clinical impact. Laparoscopy in swine experimental adrenalectomy is a reliable technique that can serve as a reference for the surgical treatment of patients with adrenal diseases with surgical indications in other animal species.
Dentre os principais benefícios da adrenalectomia laparoscópica (AL) frente à adrenalectomia aberta (AA) destaca-se a rápida recuperação dos pacientes com diminuição do tempo de internação. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a adrenalectomia aberta com a adrenalectomia laparoscópica em suínos. Foram operados 32 suínos, distribuídos em quatro grupos (n=8), sendo um grupo submetido à AA e outro grupo à AL, com seus respectivos grupos controle. Foram avaliados parâmetros referentes a tempo operatório, temperatura corporal, hematócrito, intercorrências operatórias e tempo de deambulação. Não houve diferença significativa entre os tempos operatórios e de deambulação, apesar deste último ter sido maior no grupo submetido à AA. As intercorrências mais frequentes foram acidentes em alças intestinais, lesões em vasos adrenais e hematoma renal. As perdas sanguíneas não foram significativas, a hipotermia observada não apresentou repercussão clínica. A laparoscopia para adrenalectomia experimental em suínos é uma técnica confiável podendo servir como referência para o tratamento de doenças adrenais com indicações cirúrgicas em outras espécies animais.
Assuntos
Animais , Adrenalectomia/veterinária , Glândulas Suprarrenais/anatomia & histologia , Suínos/anatomia & histologia , Cirurgia Veterinária/métodos , Hematócrito/veterinária , Temperatura CorporalRESUMO
Myxomatous mitral valve degeneration (MMVD) or endocardiosis is a heart valve disease that occurs in many mammalian species, especially in humans, dogs and pigs. Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the MMVD development. NO can be indirectly evaluated by the nitric-oxide synthase (NOS) expression and by the histochemical reaction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d). The aim of this study was to evaluate NOS activity, by NADPH-d reaction, in the anterior leaflet of dogs with regular mitral valves and in those with MMVD, as well as in young swine and old females, comparing the reaction level with the degree of endocardiosis disease and also the histological alterations. Twelve mitral valves of dogs and 22 of swine were used for the research. All the valves were macroscopically analyzed for the occurrence or not of endocardiosis. They were fixed in a 4% paraformaldehyde, exposed to NADPH-d reaction, routinely processed and microscopically evaluated for the detection of mucopolysaccharides (MPS) deposition, collagen degeneration, fibrosis and level of endocardiosis. In dogs, relation was observed between higher intensity of the NADPH-d reaction, higher endocardiosis degree, MPS deposition as well as the collagen degeneration. No alteration in color was observed in pigs´ valves during NADPH-d reaction. In conclusion, NO works in canine mitral
RESUMO
Myxomatous mitral valve degeneration (MMVD) or endocardiosis is a heart valve disease that occurs in many mammalian species, especially in humans, dogs and pigs. Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the MMVD development. NO can be indirectly evaluated by the nitric-oxide synthase (NOS) expression and by the histochemical reaction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d). The aim of this study was to evaluate NOS activity, by NADPH-d reaction, in the anterior leaflet of dogs with regular mitral valves and in those with MMVD, as well as in young swine and old females, comparing the reaction level with the degree of endocardiosis disease and also the histological alterations. Twelve mitral valves of dogs and 22 of swine were used for the research. All the valves were macroscopically analyzed for the occurrence or not of endocardiosis. They were fixed in a 4% paraformaldehyde, exposed to NADPH-d reaction, routinely processed and microscopically evaluated for the detection of mucopolysaccharides (MPS) deposition, collagen degeneration, fibrosis and level of endocardiosis. In dogs, relation was observed between higher intensity of the NADPH-d reaction, higher endocardiosis degree, MPS deposition as well as the collagen degeneration. No alteration in color was observed in pigs´ valves during NADPH-d reaction. In conclusion, NO works in canine mitral valve remodeling extracellular matrix and plays an important role in endocardiosis disease. In swine, the lack of reaction reinforces the absence of macroscopical endocardiosis lesions, suggesting restrict NO action or major differences in the structures of swine valves.(AU)