RESUMO
A procura por fontes proteicas alternativas em dietas para peixes é necessária, pois alguns ingredientes proteicos tradicionais apresentam grande variação no preço e disponibilidade. Um experimento de 45 dias foi conduzido em um sistema de recirculação de água com juvenis de tilápia do Nilo (peso inicial de 16,2 ± 0,1 g) para avaliar os efeitos da inclusão de farinha do subproduto de feijão Phaseolus vulgaris sobre os índices produtivos e composição corporal. Três dietas isonitrogenadas (35% de proteína bruta) e isocalóricas (3.100 kcal/kg de energia digestível) foram preparadas para incluir 0%; 6,2% e 12,4% de farinha do subproduto de feijão substituindo 0%; 10% e 20% da proteína bruta do farelo de soja, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado (n=4). O peso final, ganho de peso, taxa de crescimento específico, índice de consumo alimentar, taxa de eficiência proteica e sobrevivência foram similares (P>0,05) entre os peixes alimentados com as dietas experimentais. Nenhuma diferença (P>0,05) foi registrada no teor de proteína bruta, cinzas e extrato etéreo corporais dos peixes. O valor produtivo da proteína bruta e a matéria seca corporal diminuíram (P<0,05) nos peixes alimentados com 12,4% da farinha do subproduto de feijão. A inclusão de farinha do subproduto de feijão até 6,2% como substituto do farelo de soja não diminui o desempenho produtivo e a composição corporal dos peixes.
The search for alternative protein sources in fish diets is necessary because of the wide variation in the price and availability of some traditional protein ingredients. An experiment lasting 45 days was conducted in a water recirculation system of juvenile Nile tilapia (initial weight of 16.2 ± 0.1 g) to evaluate the effects of inclusion of Phaseolus vulgaris bean byproduct meal on productivity indices and body composition. In a completely randomized design (n=4), three isonitrogenous (35% crude protein) and isocaloric (3,100 kcal/kg of digestible energy) diets were prepared to include 0%, 6.2% and 12.4% bean byproduct meal as substitute of 0%, 10% and 20% soybean meal crude protein. Final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake, protein efficiency ratio or survival did not differ (P>0.05) between fish fed the experimental diets. No difference (P>0.05) in body crude protein, ash or ether extract content was observed between groups. The productive value of body crude protein and dry matter decreased (P<0.05) in fish fed 12.4% bean byproduct meal. The inclusion of bean byproduct meal up to 6.2% as a substitute of soybean meal does not reduce the productive performance or body composition of fish.
Assuntos
Animais , Ciclídeos , Farinha , Phaseolus , Ração Animal , PesqueirosRESUMO
A procura por fontes proteicas alternativas em dietas para peixes é necessária, pois alguns ingredientes proteicos tradicionais apresentam grande variação no preço e disponibilidade. Um experimento de 45 dias foi conduzido em um sistema de recirculação de água com juvenis de tilápia do Nilo (peso inicial de 16,2 ± 0,1 g) para avaliar os efeitos da inclusão de farinha do subproduto de feijão Phaseolus vulgaris sobre os índices produtivos e composição corporal. Três dietas isonitrogenadas (35% de proteína bruta) e isocalóricas (3.100 kcal/kg de energia digestível) foram preparadas para incluir 0%; 6,2% e 12,4% de farinha do subproduto de feijão substituindo 0%; 10% e 20% da proteína bruta do farelo de soja, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado (n=4). O peso final, ganho de peso, taxa de crescimento específico, índice de consumo alimentar, taxa de eficiência proteica e sobrevivência foram similares (P>0,05) entre os peixes alimentados com as dietas experimentais. Nenhuma diferença (P>0,05) foi registrada no teor de proteína bruta, cinzas e extrato etéreo corporais dos peixes. O valor produtivo da proteína bruta e a matéria seca corporal diminuíram (P<0,05) nos peixes alimentados com 12,4% da farinha do subproduto de feijão. A inclusão de farinha do subproduto de feijão até 6,2% como substituto do farelo de soja não diminui o desempenho produtivo e a composição corporal dos peixes.(AU)
The search for alternative protein sources in fish diets is necessary because of the wide variation in the price and availability of some traditional protein ingredients. An experiment lasting 45 days was conducted in a water recirculation system of juvenile Nile tilapia (initial weight of 16.2 ± 0.1 g) to evaluate the effects of inclusion of Phaseolus vulgaris bean byproduct meal on productivity indices and body composition. In a completely randomized design (n=4), three isonitrogenous (35% crude protein) and isocaloric (3,100 kcal/kg of digestible energy) diets were prepared to include 0%, 6.2% and 12.4% bean byproduct meal as substitute of 0%, 10% and 20% soybean meal crude protein. Final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake, protein efficiency ratio or survival did not differ (P>0.05) between fish fed the experimental diets. No difference (P>0.05) in body crude protein, ash or ether extract content was observed between groups. The productive value of body crude protein and dry matter decreased (P<0.05) in fish fed 12.4% bean byproduct meal. The inclusion of bean byproduct meal up to 6.2% as a substitute of soybean meal does not reduce the productive performance or body composition of fish.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Ciclídeos , Ração Animal , Farinha , Phaseolus , PesqueirosRESUMO
SCOPE: Vitamin B6 plays crucial roles on brain development and its maternal deficiency impacts the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic, serotonergic, glutamatergic, and dopaminergic systems in offspring. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these neurological changes are not well understood. Thus, we aimed at evaluating which components of those neurotransmitter metabolism and signaling pathways can be modulated by maternal vitamin B6 -deficient or B6 -supplementated diets in the hippocampus of rat dams and their offspring. METHODS AND RESULTS: Female Wistar rats were fed three different diets: control (6 mg vitamin B6 /kg), supplemented (30 mg vitamin B6 /kg) or deficient diet (0 mg vitamin B6 /kg), from 4 weeks before pregnancy through lactation. Newborn pups (10 days old) from rat dams fed vitamin B6 -deficient diet presented hyperhomocysteinemia and had a significant increase in mRNA levels of glutamate decarboxylase 1 (Gad1), fibroblast growth factor 2 (Fgf2), and glutamate-ammonia ligase (Glul), while glutaminase (Gls) and tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (Tph1) mRNAs were downregulated. Vitamin B6 supplementation or deficiency did not change hippocampal global DNA methylation. CONCLUSION: A maternal vitamin B6 -deficient diet affects the expression of genes related to GABA, glutamate, and serotonin metabolisms in offspring by regulating Gad1, Glul, Gls, and Tph1 mRNA expression.
Assuntos
Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Deficiência de Vitamina B 6/sangue , Vitamina B 6/administração & dosagem , Vitamina B 6/sangue , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Metilação de DNA , Suplementos Nutricionais , Feminino , Fator 2 de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/genética , Fator 2 de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Glutamato Descarboxilase/genética , Glutamato Descarboxilase/metabolismo , Glutamato-Amônia Ligase/genética , Glutamato-Amônia Ligase/metabolismo , Ácido Glutâmico/metabolismo , Glutaminase/genética , Glutaminase/metabolismo , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Homocisteína/sangue , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Serotonina/metabolismo , Triptofano Hidroxilase/genética , Triptofano Hidroxilase/metabolismo , Deficiência de Vitamina B 6/tratamento farmacológico , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Jamaica has long been considered to be a homophobic society. The aim of this survey was to examine the attitudes of the Jamaican populance towards homosexuality, thus shedding light on the important issue of homosexuality, disclosure of one's sexual preference and the relationship to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. METHODS: There have been several subjective reports on the issue of homosexuality in Jamaica. Many of these reports have suggested that Jamaica is not truly a homophobic society. No objective study on attitudes towards homosexuality in Jamaica has been done to date; this is an attempt in that regard. A survey was conducted in the Kingston and St.Andrew region. A questionnaire consisting of 17 knowledge and attitude items with six items to determine demographic data was prepared. This was administered to every third person in 6 designated areas, ensuring that equal numbers of males and females aged 16 years and over were polled. RESULTS: The analysis indicates that the majority of those surveyed thought that the homosexuality lifestyle was unaccepatable. Of significance, views varied depending on the level of educational attainment: 100 percent of persons with primary level education found homosexuality unacceptable in contrast with 76 percent of those with teritiary level education with a similar opinion (p=0.028). There was a generally negative attitude towards befriending an acknowledged homosexual or having such persons in positions of authority. Many participants agreed that homosexual partners should have access to social services, including insurance plans, with 37 percent in outright agreement and 21 percent remaining neutral. There was a dramatic decrease in the number of persons who believed that HIV was solely a homosexual disease (13 percent) in contrast with the results of a 1989 survey conducted by the Ministry of Health (81 percent). CONCLUSION: Despite changing global opinions of the homosexual lifestyles, several biases still remain within the Jamaican society. These conditions force homosexuals to remain ensconced within the cloak of the more acceptable heterosexual lifestyle, which may have significant social and health implications. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Homossexualidade , Atitude , Jamaica , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Viés , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Viés de SeleçãoRESUMO
The csmD and csmE genes, encoding two proteins of the chlorosome envelope, have been cloned and sequenced from the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium tepidum. The csmD gene predicts a hydrophobic protein of 113 amino acids with a molecular mass of 11.1 kDa. The csmE gene was identified immediately upstream from csmD; the csmE gene predicts a protein of 82 amino acids (9.0 kDa) which is 49% identical to CsmA (Chung et al. (1994) Photosynthesis Res 41: 261-275). The CsmE protein is post-translationally processed, most likely in a manner similar to CsmA. The csmE and csmD genes are cotranscribed as a dicistronic mRNA but can also be cotranscribed with an open reading frame upstream from csmE that predicts a protein with sequence similarity to the CheY and SpoOF subclass of regulatory proteins. The CsmA, CsmC, CsmD, and CsmE proteins were overproduced in Escherichia coli, purified, and used to raise polyclonal antibodies in rabbits. Protease susceptibility mapping and agglutination experiments using these antibodies indicate that all four proteins are exposed at the surface of isolated chlorosomes and hence are probably components of the chlorosome envelope. Additionally, antigalactose antibodies were used to confirm that the galactosyl moiety of monogalactosyl diglycerol is exposed at the chlorosome surface; this is consistent with the notion that these lipids are components of the chlorosome envelope.
RESUMO
Choristomas are tumor like masses consisting of tissues that are histologically normals but in abnormal location. These are rare in oral cavity and occur generally in tongue. There are seven categories of choristomas on the basis of types of tissues recognized. The presenting case in a gastric mucosal choristoma type, and the treatment was surgical excision. No recurrence of the mass was revealed. Special care should be taken with lingual thyroïd choristoma, because 86% of the cases is the only functional thyroide tissue in the body.
Assuntos
Coristoma/diagnóstico , Mucosa Gástrica , Doenças da Língua/diagnóstico , Criança , Coristoma/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Doenças da Língua/cirurgiaRESUMO
9936 families were analyzed from Bulgaria, Japan, Korea, Mexico, and Poland. A factor analysis revealed four factors: culture (F1), income (F2), genetics (F3), and family and apartment size (F4). Family types we coded as 1 if below the median and 2 if above the median. The most frequent types were represented by 1122, 2221, and 2211 (frequency 8.7-8.0%), and the least frequent by 1221 and 2111 (frequency 4.2-4.3%). Some similarity with respect to family types were found between populations: from Polish regions with heavy industry and seaside regions; from Polish towns under industrialization and from Mexico; from the Polish medium-size town of Lublin and Bulgarian towns; from Polish villages; from Polish mountain areas and north-eastern towns; from Korea; from Japan; from Polish cities.