RESUMO
Hypertension is one of the most prevalent chronic cardiovascular diseases and is the leading cause of death in the Caribbean as well as in the developed countries. Childhood blood pressure is predictive of hypertension in adulthood. Risk factors for hypertension, including body composition, are often present in childhood when they may be modified in order to contribute to primary prevention of hypertension. As part of a study of risk factors for cardiovascular disease, we measured blood pressure (BP) and anthropometry in Jamaican schoolchildren. Anthropometric and demographic variables were analysed to explain the variance of blood pressure in the children. A total of 2332 children (1046 males; 1286 females) were studied. Their ages ranged from 6 to 16 years. Boys and girls were similar in age. Mean diastolic and systolic blood pressures were similar in boys and girls' pulse rate was significantly higher than in boys. Boys had significantly greater Waist-Hip Ratio (0.82 vs 0.76; p<0.0001) and Lean Body Mass (34.2 vs 33.20 kg; p=0.006). Girls had significantly greater weight (42.3 vs 39.5; p<0.0001); Height (150.6 vs 148.9; p=0.005); BMI (18.2 vs 17.3; p<0.0001); MUAC (21.5 vs 20.8; p<0.0001); Hip Circumference (79.5 vs 73.9; p<0.0001); Triceps Skinfold (11.6 vs 8.3; p<0.0001); Per cent Body Fat (19.5 vs 11.6; p<0.0001); Fat Weight (9.1 vs 5.2; p<0.0001). Systolic BP increased steadily with age from 101 ñ 9.9 mm Hg at 6 years to 112 ñ 8.5 mm Hg at 16 years. Systolic BP was significantly correlated with weight, height, BMI, MUAC, WH Ratio, fat mass and lean body mass on univariate analysis but only weight and lean body mass were independently correlated (p<0.0001 for both variables). There was a significant age-sex interaction on Systolic BP (p<0.0001) but only at age 15 years were the mean BPs significantly different (boys vs girls = 119 ñ 15.2 vs 107.8 ñ 10.8; p<0.001). Diastolic BP increased less steeply with age. Significant predictors were MUAC and hip circumference (p<0.0001 and p<0.002, respectively). The data reveal significant correlation between anthropometric variables and blood pressure. This could provide an opportunity for intervention and primary prevention of hypertension (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Pressão Arterial , Peso Corporal , Estatura , Jamaica , Antropometria , Fatores de Risco , Hipertensão/prevenção & controleRESUMO
This thesis is an account of investigation in which special diets were fed to rats and the resulting effects on hepatic lipogenesis studied. The carbohydrate and fat contents of the diets were varied and groups of rats on the different diets compared. It was shown in a test system consisting of liver slices that rats, which were previously fed for two days on a relatively high carbohydrate diet, incorporated the carbon of 14C labelled glucose into fatty acids and carbon dioxide at an increased rate when compared with rats fed a relatively low and a control diet. Hepatic glucose - 6 - phosphatase activity was not altered by feeding the different diets. Liver glycogen concentrations was also unaltered. The ratio of this concentrations of oxidised to reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide in liver was higher for rats on the "high" carbohydrate diet than for rats on the "low" carbohydrate and the control diets. The concentration of reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide in liver was decreased by feeding the "high" carbohydrate diet. The plasma "insulin activity" of the rats on the "high" carbohydrate diet was less than that of rats on the "low" carbohydrate diet. There was no significant difference between the "insulin binding" capacity of the livers of rats fed the "high" and "low" carbohydrate diets. It was not possible to offer any explanation, from the experimental results, of how the "high" carbohydrate diet caused an increase in hepatic lipogenesis (AU)
Assuntos
Ratos , Fígado/metabolismo , Carboidratos/metabolismo , Dióxido de Carbono/metabolismo , Gorduras/análise , Ácidos Graxos/biossíntese , Insulina/metabolismoRESUMO
The livers of rats fed on slightly different diets synthesise fat at different rates. The levels of Glucose-6-Phosphatase, oxidised and reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide and reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide were determined in these livers (AU)