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BACKGROUND: Contamination of the breathing circuit and medication preparation surface of an anesthesia machine can increase the risk of cross-infection. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the contamination of the anesthetic medication preparation surface, respiratory circuits, and devices used in general anesthesia with assisted mechanical ventilation. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional, quantitative study conducted at the surgical center of a philanthropic hospital, of medium complexity located in the municipality of Três Lagoas, in the eastern region of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul. METHODS: Eighty-two microbiological samples were collected from the breathing circuits. After repeating the samples in different culture media, 328 analyses were performed. RESULTS: A higher occurrence of E. coli, Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae (P < 0.001) were observed. Variations were observed depending on the culture medium and sample collection site. CONCLUSION: The study findings underscore the inadequate disinfection of the inspiratory and expiratory branches, highlighting the importance of stringent cleaning and disinfection of high-touch surfaces.
Assuntos
Anestesia , Anestesiologia , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Salas Cirúrgicas , Escherichia coliRESUMO
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Contamination of the breathing circuit and medication preparation surface of an anesthesia machine can increase the risk of cross-infection. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the contamination of the anesthetic medication preparation surface, respiratory circuits, and devices used in general anesthesia with assisted mechanical ventilation. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional, quantitative study conducted at the surgical center of a philanthropic hospital, of medium complexity located in the municipality of Três Lagoas, in the eastern region of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul. METHODS: Eighty-two microbiological samples were collected from the breathing circuits. After repeating the samples in different culture media, 328 analyses were performed. RESULTS: A higher occurrence of E. coli, Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae (P < 0.001) were observed. Variations were observed depending on the culture medium and sample collection site. CONCLUSION: The study findings underscore the inadequate disinfection of the inspiratory and expiratory branches, highlighting the importance of stringent cleaning and disinfection of high-touch surfaces.
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Background: Antimicrobial textiles have proved to be a promising biosafety strategy. Thus, the current study was focused on identifying which antimicrobial substances impregnated in textiles used in healthcare services confer efficacy in reducing the microbial load present in these textiles and/or the Healthcare-Associated Infection (HAI) rates, when compared to conventional textiles. Methods: A systematic review of intervention studies using MEDLINE via the PubMed portal, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar and medRxiv. The studies identified were selected according to eligibility criteria and submitted to data extraction and methodological quality evaluation through Joanna Briggs Institute specific tools. The outcomes were synthesized qualitatively. Results: 23 studies were selected to comprise the final sample, in which antimicrobial textiles were used by hospitalized patients, by health professionals during work shifts and in inanimate healthcare environments. Conclusions: Copper, silver, zinc oxide, titanium and silver-doped titanium impregnated in textiles used by patients confer efficacy in reducing the microbial load of these textiles and/or the HAI rates. Quaternary ammonium, chlorhexidine, silver and copper together, quaternary ammonium, alcohols and isothiazolone derivatives together, chitosan and dimethylol dimethyl hydantoin together, all impregnated in textiles used by health professionals confer efficacy in reducing the microbial load of these textiles. Quaternary ammonium impregnated in textiles used in inanimate healthcare environments confers efficacy in reducing the microbial load of these textiles.
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Anti-Infecciosos , Infecção Hospitalar , Humanos , Cobre , Prata , Titânio , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Têxteis , Atenção à SaúdeRESUMO
Introdução: As intervenções não farmacológicas consistem em quaisquer medidas ou ações, que não o uso de vacinas ou medicamentos, que podem ser implementadas para retardar a disseminação de determinada doença infecciosa na população. Objetivo: Fornecer evidências científicas relacionadas às intervenções não farmacológicas que conferem a prevenção de síndrome gripal na comunidade. Método: Revisão sistemática da literatura realizada nas bases de dados, Cochrane, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science e, no que tange à literatura cinzenta, uma busca adicional foi realizada no Google Scholar. A busca eletrônica foi realizada no dia 06 de setembro de 2021. Os critérios de inclusão foram ensaios clínicos randomizados que avaliassem a eficácia de intervenções não farmacológicas na comunidade para a prevenção da disseminação de síndrome gripal. A avaliação do risco de viés foi realizada por meio da ferramenta Risk of Bias 2.0. A síntese dos resultados foi apresentada de modo qualitativo. A síntese quantitativa (estatística) dos resultados não foi possível, devido à acentuada heterogeneidade de configurações metodológicas, bem como as qualidades metodológicas dos ensaios clínicos randomizados. Resultados: Foram compilados 34 ensaios clínicos randomizados. A avaliação metodológica demostrou que a maioria dos ensaios apresentam falhas na sua condução. No tocante aos países onde as intervenções foram utilizadas, destacam-se Estados Unidos da América, China e Espanha, respectivamente; e de acordo com o local onde foram realizadas - em domicílios, em escolas, em creches, em residências universitárias e em ambiente comunitário. Com relação à situação epidemiológica, observa-se que 13 estudos foram realizados no período sazonal de influenza, 11 estudos em períodos pontuais, cinco estudos em períodos pandêmicos por SARS-CoV-2, quatro estudos em períodos concomitantes e um estudo durante a pandemia de influenza. A respeito da infecção avaliada, observa-se estudos que avaliam infecções respiratórias agudas, influenza e COVID-19. Dos 34 ensaios clínicos, 30 avaliaram intervenções individuais, dois intervenção individual e ambiental, uma intervenção individual e comunitária; e um ensaio clínico avaliou uma intervenção comunitária. Intervenções individuais: máscara facial; higiene das mãos com água e sabão, com formulação à base de álcool, com cloreto benzalcônio; etiqueta respiratória; e limpeza nasal asséptica. Intervenções comunitárias: triagem, ventilação do ar, campanha publicitária (distanciamento social). Intervenção ambiental: limpeza de superfície. Conclusão: Algumas intervenções não farmacológicas individuais (higiene das mãos com água e sabão, higiene das mãos com formulação à base de álcool, etiqueta respiratória e limpeza nasal antisséptica) e ambientais não têm momento para início da implementação, elas devem se tornar cultural, pois são mais simples e de baixo custo. Essas intervenções e outras, como o uso de máscara facial, devem ser incentivadas durante os períodos sazonais desses vírus, considerando as particularidades de subgrupos populacionais, para prevenir maior disseminação. As intervenções combinadas (individuais/comunitárias e individuais/ambientais) potencializam os efeitos na redução da síndrome gripal e das infecções respiratórias agudas. Ressalta-se que as intervenções não farmacológicas representam a primeira escolha na prevenção da disseminação microbiana, são determinantes no controle das doenças e, de forma articulada, necessita da vacinação para minimizar os impactos deletérios na comunidade.
Introduction: Non-pharmacological interventions consist of any measures or actions, other than the use of vaccines or drugs, that can be implemented to delay the spread of a certain infectious disease in the population. Objective: To provide scientific evidence related to non-pharmacological interventions that prevent the flu syndrome in the community. Method: Systematic review of the literature carried out in the databases Cochrane, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science and, regarding the gray literature, an additional search was performed on Google Scholar. The electronic search was performed on September 6, 2021. The inclusion criteria were randomized clinical trials that evaluate the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions in the community to prevent the spread of flu-like illness. The risk of bias assessment was performed using the Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. The synthesis of the results was presented in a qualitative way. The quantitative (statistical) synthesis of the results was not possible, due to the marked heterogeneity of methodological settings, as well as the methodological qualities of the randomized clinical trials. Results: 34 randomized clinical trials were compiled. The methodological evaluation showed that most of the trials have flaws in their conduction. With regard to the countries where the interventions were used, the United States of America, China and Spain, respectively, stand out. According to the place where they were carried out, at home, in schools, in day care centers, in university residences and in a community environment. Regarding the epidemiological situation, it is observed that 13 studies were carried out in the seasonal period of influenza, 11 studies in specific periods, five studies in pandemic periods due to SARS-CoV-2, four studies in concomitant periods and one study during the pandemic of influenza. Regarding the evaluated infection, there are studies that evaluate acute respiratory infections, influenza and COVID-19. Of the 34 clinical trials, 30 evaluated individual interventions, two individual and environmental intervention, one individual and community intervention; and a clinical trial evaluated a community intervention. Individual interventions: face mask; hand hygiene with soapy water, with alcohol-based formulation, with benzalkonium chloride; respiratory etiquette; and aseptic nasal cleaning. Community interventions: triage, air ventilation, publicity campaign (social distancing). Environmental intervention: surface cleaning. Conclusion: Some individual non-pharmacological interventions (hand hygiene with soap and water, hand hygiene with alcohol-based chemical formulation, respiratory etiquette and antiseptic nasal cleaning) and environmental do not have a time to start implementation, they must become cultural, because they are simpler and of low cost. These interventions, and others such as the use of a face mask, should be encouraged during the seasonal periods of these viruses, taking into account the particularities of population subgroups, to prevent further spread. Combined interventions (individual/community and individual/environmental) potentiate the effects in reducing flu syndrome and acute respiratory infections. It should be noted that non-pharmacological interventions represent the first choice in preventing microbial dissemination, are crucial in disease control and, in an articulated way, require vaccination to minimize deleterious impacts on the community.
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Humanos , Influenza Humana , Modelos de Assistência à SaúdeRESUMO
The analysis of sociodemographic and emotional factors is essential to understanding how men perceive stress and practice self-compassion. In health crises, this problem becomes an emergency for public health. This study aimed to analyze the influence of sociodemographic and emotional factors on the relationship between self-compassion and the perceived stress of men residing in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a nationwide cross-sectional study carried out between June and December 2020 with 1006 men who completed a semi-structured electronic questionnaire. Data were collected using the snowball technique. Perceived stress was measured by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), and self-compassion was assessed using the Self-Compassion Scale. Most men had low self-compassion (51.5%; n = 516) and a moderate level of perceived stress (60.9%; n = 613), while 15.9% (n = 170) had a high level of stress. The prevalence of men in the combined situation of low self-compassion and high perceived stress was 39.4% (n = 334). Living with friends had a higher prevalence of low self-compassion and high perceived stress. The prevalence of common mental disorders was high (54.3%). Men with low levels of self-compassion reported higher levels of perceived stress; however, this association was moderated by emotional and sociodemographic variables. These findings highlight the importance of considering individual and contextual factors in public policies promoting men's mental health.
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COVID-19 , Brasil/epidemiologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Empatia , Humanos , Masculino , Pandemias , Autocompaixão , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Estresse Psicológico/psicologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To unveil and discuss the meanings attributed by teachers to the teacher-student relationship in the multidimensional context of technical nursing education. METHOD: Qualitative research, supported by the representational theory of meaning, carried out with nine nurses who teach the technical nursing course at a technical school linked to a federal university in the northeastern region of Brazil. RESULTS: The following meanings were revealed: student profile; lack of preparation and financial resources; reduction in performance and even course interruption; students' disinterest and resistance; academic support and qualified structure; opportunity for grants; teachers' dedication and holistic view; respect, ethics, and interactivity; concern with student learning and performance, and heterogeneous group. CONCLUSION: Social and financial difficulties and students' disinterest are the limitations that most hinder teaching effectiveness. On the other hand, the teachers' holistic view, dedication, support, and the availability of resources and academic support are the main multidimensional characteristics of living in this scenario.
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Educação em Enfermagem , Estudantes , Brasil , Humanos , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Instituições AcadêmicasRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To unveil and discuss the meanings attributed by teachers to the teacher-student relationship in the multidimensional context of technical nursing education. Method: Qualitative research, supported by the representational theory of meaning, carried out with nine nurses who teach the technical nursing course at a technical school linked to a federal university in the northeastern region of Brazil. Results: The following meanings were revealed: student profile; lack of preparation and financial resources; reduction in performance and even course interruption; students' disinterest and resistance; academic support and qualified structure; opportunity for grants; teachers' dedication and holistic view; respect, ethics, and interactivity; concern with student learning and performance, and heterogeneous group. Conclusion: Social and financial difficulties and students' disinterest are the limitations that most hinder teaching effectiveness. On the other hand, the teachers' holistic view, dedication, support, and the availability of resources and academic support are the main multidimensional characteristics of living in this scenario.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Desvelar y discutir los significados atribuidos por docentes sobre la relación entre profesor y alumno en el contexto multidimensional de la enseñanza técnica en enfermería. Método: Investigación cualitativa, apoyada en la teoría representacional del significado, realizada con nueve enfermeros docentes del curso técnico en enfermería de un colegio técnico vinculado a una universidad federal de la región noreste de Brasil. Resultados: Fueron desvelados los significados: perfil de los alumnos; falta de preparación y de recursos financieros; baja del rendimiento e incluso interrupción de la formación; desinterés y resistencia de los alumnos; soporte académico y estructura calificada, oportunidad de becas de auxilio; dedicación y mirada holística de los docentes, respeto, ética e interacción, preocupación por el aprendizaje y desempeño del estudiante y grupo heterogéneo. Conclusión: Dificultades sociales, financieras y el desinterés del alumnado son las limitaciones que más dificultan la efectividad de la enseñanza. Sin embargo, la mirada holística, la dedicación, el apoyo de los docentes y la disponibilidad de recursos y soporte académico, son las principales características multidimensionales de la vivencia en ese escenario.
RESUMO Objetivo: Desvelar e discutir os significados atribuídos por docentes à relação entre professor e aluno no contexto multidimensional do ensino técnico de enfermagem. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, apoiada na teoria representacional do significado, realizada com nove enfermeiros docentes do curso técnico em enfermagem de um colégio técnico vinculado a uma universidade federal da região nordeste do Brasil. Resultados: Foram desvelados os significados: perfil dos alunos; falta de preparo e de recursos financeiros; queda do rendimento e até interrupção da formação; desinteresse e resistência dos alunos; suporte acadêmico e estrutura qualificada; oportunidade de bolsas de auxílio; dedicação e olhar holístico dos docentes; respeito, ética e interatividade; preocupação com o aprendizado e desempenho do estudante, e grupo heterogêneo. Conclusão: Dificuldades sociais, financeiras e o desinteresse estudantil são as limitações que mais dificultam a efetividade do ensino. Por outro lado, o olhar holístico, a dedicação, o apoio dos docentes e a disponibilidade de recursos e suporte acadêmico são as principais características multidimensionais da vivência nesse cenário.
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Docentes de Enfermagem , Técnicos de Enfermagem , Apoio Social , Estudantes de Enfermagem , Educação em EnfermagemRESUMO
The practice of sex with casual partners without the use of adequate prevention in the period of social distancing due to the COVID-19 pandemic among men who have sex with men (MSM) can expose them to the risk of infection by the HIV virus. To assess this, we conducted an online survey in April and May 2020 in the entire national territory of Brazil and Portugal. We used the snowball technique for sampling, associated with circulation in social networks, totaling 2934 participants. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to produce the adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR). Eight-hundred-and-forty-two (28.7%) MSM presented at-risk sexual exposure in this period. In general, the types of sexual practices that most increased the chances of sexual exposure were having multiple partners (aOR:14.045); having practiced chemsex (aOR:2.246) and group sex (aOR:2.431), as well as presenting a history of at-risk sexual exposure (aOR:5.136). When we consider each country separately, the chances are increased in Brazil since the probability of the outcome was increased in those who practiced group sex (aOR:5.928), had multiple partners (aOR:19.132), and reported a sexual history of at-risk exposure (aOR:8.861). Our findings indicate that practices that are classically associated with greater chances of engaging in risky sexual exposure to HIV infection were the factors that most increased the chances of acquiring the virus in the pandemic context.
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COVID-19 , Infecções por HIV , Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero , Estudos Transversais , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Homossexualidade Masculina , Humanos , Masculino , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , Comportamento Sexual , Parceiros SexuaisRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: We investigated the extent to which Brazilian and Portuguese Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) had casual sex partners outside their homes during the period of sheltering in place for the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: An online survey was conducted in Brazil and Portugal in April, during the period of social isolation for COVID-19, with a sample of 2361 MSMs. Recruitment was done through meeting apps and Facebook. RESULTS: Most of the sample (53.0%) had casual sex partners during sheltering. Factors that increased the odds of engaging in casual sex in Brazil were having group sex (aOR 2.1, 95% CI 1.3-3.4), living in an urban area (aOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.2), feeling that sheltering had a high impact on daily life (aOR 3.0, 95% CI 1.1-8.3), having casual instead of steady partners (aOR 2.5, 95% CI 1.8-3.5), and not decreasing the number of partners (aOR 6.5, 95% CI 4.2-10.0). In Portugal, the odds of engaging in casual sex increased with using Facebook to find partners (aOR 4.6, 95% CI 3.0-7.2), not decreasing the number of partners (aOR 3.8, 95% CI 2.9-5.9), usually finding partners in physical venues (pre-COVID-19) (aOR 5.4, 95% CI 3.2-8.9), feeling that the isolation had a high impact on daily life (aOR 3.0, 95% CI 1.3-6.7), and HIV-positive serostatus (aOR 11.7, 95% CI 4.7-29.2). Taking PrEP/Truvada to prevent COVID-19 was reported by 12.7% of MSM. CONCLUSIONS: The pandemic has not stopped most of our MSM sample from finding sexual partners, with high-risk sexual behaviors continuing.
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COVID-19 , Infecções por HIV , Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Homossexualidade Masculina , Humanos , Masculino , Pandemias , Portugal , Assunção de Riscos , SARS-CoV-2 , Comportamento Sexual , Parceiros Sexuais , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Cervical cancer is the second type of cancer that most affects women, considered a serious public health problem, however it can be detected and treated early through the Pap smear. This research aimed to analyze the knowledge, attitude and practices of biomedicine students on the Pap smear. A cross-sectional study on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP), applied with 108 students, was carried out at a Higher Education Institution in Teresina, Piauí, Brazil. The data were collected through the months of February and March of 2018 with the application of a questionnaire. Statistical analysis was descriptive in terms of absolute and relative frequencies. Knowledge 72 (66.6%) and attitude 76 (70.3%) presented adequate levels regarding the examination. As for the practice, the percentage of suitability was of 37 academics (34.2%) relatively not adequate. It was concluded that the students had adequate knowledge and attitude, but an inadequate practice, and the Papanicolaou test is required for the early screening and prevention of cervical cancer.
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Estudantes , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Teste de Papanicolaou , Neoplasias do Colo do ÚteroRESUMO
The development of cervical cancer is related with human papillomavirus infection with greater intensity the subtypes 16 and 18. Considering that the lifestyle of women influences the development of this cancer, this study aimed to perform a survey on the risk factors for cervical cancer known by biomedicine students. Descriptive and exploratory research, with a quantitative approach was performed with 101 biomedical undergraduates. Data were collected from February to March 2018 through a questionnaire and analyzed in the Statistical Package for the Social Science program. Students in the age group of 18 to 24 years old (89.11%), single (93.07%), with family income between two and three minimum wages prevailed (43.56%). It also showed that participants started their sexual life early (average 16 years old), had more than one sexual partner throughout their lives, had no relation to smoking (100%), most were not alcohol consumers (66%), did not take the Papanicolaou preventive exam (61.39%), did not practice physical activity (55.45%) and had a low frequency in the use of condoms during sexual intercourse (22.08%). It is concluded that there is a need for educational campaigns in Higher Education Institutions, which provide more information about the prevention of Cervical Cancer and the prevention of associated risk factors.
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Fatores de Risco , PapillomaviridaeRESUMO
Cervical cancer is the third most common type of cancer amongst women, compared to other neoplasms, with a higher potential for prevention, slow evolution, and has a simple and effective screening test in its detection, cure when diagnosed early. The routine examination in Brazil for the prevention of this type of cancer is the Pap smear test. This study aimed to reveal the knowledge and practice regarding the Pap smear test among cytopathologists. A descriptive and exploratory research, a qualitative approach, performed with 21 cytopathologists, by e-mailing a data collection instrument, from March to April 2018. Data were treated using the Hierarchical Descending Classification in IraMuTeQ software and analyzed by the Discourse of the Collective Subject. The construction of the results was carried out based on aspects of the knowledge of the cytopathologists about the Pap smear, related to the importance of the completion of the post-graduation for its accomplishment, and aspects of cytopathologists practice regarding the relevance of performing the early diagnosis of cervical cancer. We conclude on the need to reorganize the activities in the work process of the health professionals involved in the Pap smear.
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Patologia Clínica , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Competência Clínica , Teste de PapanicolaouRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationships between sociodemographic variables, intolerance to uncertainty (INT), social support, and psychological distress (i.e., indicators of Common Mental Disorders (CMDs) and perceived stress (PS)) in Brazilian men during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with national coverage, of the web survey type, and conducted with 1006 Brazilian men during the period of social circulation restriction imposed by the health authorities in Brazil for suppression of the coronavirus and control of the pandemic. Structural equation modeling analysis was performed. RESULTS: Statistically significant direct effects of race/skin color (λ = 0.268; p-value < 0.001), socioeconomic status (SES) (λ = 0.306; p-value < 0.001), household composition (λ = 0.281; p-value < 0.001), PS (λ = 0.513; p-value < 0.001), and INT (λ = 0.421; p-value < 0.001) were evidenced in the occurrence of CMDs. Black-skinned men with higher SES, living alone, and with higher PS and INT levels presented higher prevalence values of CMDs. CONCLUSIONS: High levels of PS and INT were the factors that presented the strongest associations with the occurrence of CMDs among the men. It is necessary to implement actions to reduce the stress-generating sources as well as to promote an increase in resilience and the development of intrinsic reinforcements to deal with uncertain threats.
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COVID-19 , Angústia Psicológica , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Ambiente Domiciliar , Humanos , Masculino , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , Apoio Social , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , IncertezaRESUMO
Objetivo: analisar a real conjuntura de clientes colostomizados quanto ao conhecimento sobre importância da colostomia, as mudanças ocorridas na sua vida e as dificuldades enfrentadas frente à qualidade de vida. Método: trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, descritiva com abordagem qualitativa realizada no Centro Integrado de Saúde referência no estado do Piauí, com 17 clientes que utilizavam bolsa de colostomia. Os dados foram coletados nos meses de março e abril de 2015. Para a análise dos dados, utilizou-se o Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Resultados: as pessoas que utilizavam a bolsa de colostomia desenvolveram formas de enfrentamento, dentre essas se destacaram a reflexão, o conhecimento sobre o problema de saúde, o isolamento social e a adaptação. Conclusão: é necessário orientar e fortalecer as estratégias de enfrentamento, pois as mesmas contribuem para diminuir as complicações relacionadas às mudanças físicas e psicológicas do paciente
Objective: to analyze the real situation of colostomized clients in terms of knowledge about the importance of the colostomy, the changes that occurred in their life and the difficulties faced in the quality of life. Method: this is an exploratory, descriptive study with a qualitative approach performed at the Integrated Health Center in the state of Piauí, with 17 clients using a colostomy bag. The data were collected in the months of March and April of 2015. For the analysis of the data, the Discourse of the Collective Subject was used. Results: people who used the colostomy bag developed forms of coping, such as reflection, knowledge about the health problem, social isolation and adaptation. Conclusion: it is necessary to orient and strengthen coping strategies, since they contribute to reduce the complications related to the physical and psychological changes of the patient
Objetivo: analizar la real coyuntura de clientes colostomizados en cuanto al conocimiento sobre la importancia de la colostomía, los cambios ocurridos en su vida y las dificultades enfrentadas frente a la calidad de vida. Método: trata de una investigación exploratoria, descriptiva con abordaje cualitativo realizada en el Centro Integrado de Salud referencia en el estado de Piauí, con 17 clientes que utilizaban bolsa de colostomía. Los datos fueron recolectados en los meses de marzo y abril de 2015. Para el análisis de los datos, se utilizó el Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo. Resultados: las personas que utilizaban la bolsa de colostomía desarrollaron formas de enfrentamiento, entre ellas se destacaron la reflexión, el conocimiento sobre el problema de salud, el aislamiento social y la adaptación. Conclusión: es necesario orientar y fortalecer las estrategias de enfrentamiento, pues las mismas contribuyen a disminuir las complicaciones relacionadas con los cambios físicos y psicológicos del paciente
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adaptação Psicológica , Colostomia , Bolsas Cólicas , Qualidade de Vida , Perfil de Impacto da DoençaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the presence of flu-like syndrome suggestive of COVID-19 in men who have sex with men (MSM) and engaged in casual sex during a period of social isolation. METHOD: National epidemiological survey, applied in April and May 2020, by adaptation of Respondent Drive Sampling. RESULTS: 1,337 MSM participated in the survey, of which 514 (38.4%) had fever associated with another sign or symptom of flu-like syndrome. Social, demographic characteristics, sexual practices and activities during the period of social isolation were statistically associated with the presence of flu-like syndrome. There was a statistical difference (p < 0.001) in the average of partners between those who had signs and symptoms of flu-like syndrome (3.5) and those who did not (1.7). CONCLUSION: Evidence of signs and symptoms indicative of flu-like syndrome suggestive of COVID 19 in Brazilian MSM who were involved in casual sex during the period of social isolation.
Assuntos
Betacoronavirus , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Homossexualidade Masculina , Pneumonia Viral/diagnóstico , Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero , Avaliação de Sintomas , Adulto , Brasil , COVID-19 , Teste para COVID-19 , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Homossexualidade Masculina/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Influenza Humana/diagnóstico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Redes Sociais Online , Pandemias , Quarentena , SARS-CoV-2 , Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate prescription receipts for antimicrobial prescriptions prescribed in primary healthcare units in a capital city in the Northeast region of Brazil. METHOD: An evaluative, analytical study. Information from the central distribution of essential medicines and the receipts of antimicrobial prescriptions were used. RESULTS: There were 2,232 prescription receipts analyzed, in which metronidazole (250 mg) was prescribed in 28% of the evaluated prescription receipts, the "pill" pharmaceutical form in 30.7%, and the "oral" administration form in 78.2%. In the prescriptions prescribed by nurses, 80.7% were intended for users with sexually transmitted infections. With the exception of the pharmaceutical form, only 34.7% of the prescriptions were in accordance with the Nursing protocol recommendations. There is still no information on the concentration (43.7%), the dosage (39.9%) and the treatment time (36.8%). CONCLUSION: The evaluated receipts of antimicrobial prescriptions do not accurately follow the guidelines of Resolution No. 20/2011, nor of the instituted Nursing protocol.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos , Prescrições de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Brasil , Humanos , EnfermagemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the patient safety climate in intensive care units from the nursing perspective. METHODS: Cross-sectional study developed with 87 nursing professionals working in three Intensive Care Units of a public hospital for emergency services in Piauí from October to November 2018. The study used a validated Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ). In the inferential analysis, the Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis were performed. RESULTS: The total SAQ score obtained a mean of 68.57. In analyzing the scores obtained for each domain in the general SAQ, the Job Satisfaction, and Teamwork Climate domains were those that obtained the highest scores, and the lowest score was for the Perception of Hospital Management domain. CONCLUSION: The safety attitudes assessed from the perspective of the nursing team proved to be unfavorable.
Assuntos
Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Segurança do Paciente , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Satisfação no Emprego , Cultura Organizacional , Gestão da Segurança , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar receitas com prescrição de antimicrobianos retidas nas unidades de saúde da Atenção Primária de uma capital da região Nordeste do Brasil. Método Estudo avaliativo, analítico. Foram utilizadas as informações da central de distribuição de medicamentos essenciais e as receitas com prescrição de antimicrobianos. Resultados Foram analisadas 2.232 receitas, nas quais o metronidazol (250 mg) foi prescrito em 28% das receitas avaliadas, a forma farmacêutica "comprimido" em 30,7% e a forma de administração "oral" em 78,2%. Nas receitas prescritas por enfermeiros, 80,7% destinavam-se para usuários com infecção sexualmente transmissível. Com exceção da forma farmacêutica, somente 34,7% das receitas estavam em concordância com as recomendações do protocolo de Enfermagem. Há, ainda, inexistência de informações sobre a concentração (43,7%), a posologia (39,9%) e o tempo de tratamento (36,8%). Conclusão As receitas com prescrição de antimicrobianos avaliadas não seguem com precisão as orientações da Resolução nº 20/2011, e nem do protocolo de Enfermagem instituído.
RESUMEN Objetivo Evaluar recetas con prescripción de antimicrobianas retenidas en las unidades de salud de la atención primaria de una capital de la región Nordeste de Brasil. Método Estudio evaluativo, analítico. Fueron utilizadas las informaciones de la central de distribución de los medicamentos esenciales y las recetas con prescripción de los antimicrobianos. Resultados Fueron analizadas 2.232 recetas, en las cuales lo metronidazol (250 mg) fue prescrito en 28% de las recetas evaluadas, la forma farmacéutica "comprimido" en 30,7% y la forma de administración por vía oral en 78,2%. En las recetas prescritas por los enfermeros, 80,7% eran para usuarios con infección sexualmente transmisibles. Con excepción de la forma farmacéutica, solo 34,7% de las recetas estaban en concordancia con las recomendaciones de lo protocolo de Enfermería. Todavía hay inexistencia de informaciones acerca de la concentración (43,7%), la posología (39,9%) y el tiempo del tratamiento (36,8%). Conclusión Las recetas con prescripción de antimicrobianos evaluadas no siguen con precisión ni las orientaciones de la resolución nº 20/2011, ni del protocolo de Enfermería instituido.
ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate prescription receipts for antimicrobial prescriptions prescribed in primary healthcare units in a capital city in the Northeast region of Brazil. Method An evaluative, analytical study. Information from the central distribution of essential medicines and the receipts of antimicrobial prescriptions were used. Results There were 2,232 prescription receipts analyzed, in which metronidazole (250 mg) was prescribed in 28% of the evaluated prescription receipts, the "pill" pharmaceutical form in 30.7%, and the "oral" administration form in 78.2%. In the prescriptions prescribed by nurses, 80.7% were intended for users with sexually transmitted infections. With the exception of the pharmaceutical form, only 34.7% of the prescriptions were in accordance with the Nursing protocol recommendations. There is still no information on the concentration (43.7%), the dosage (39.9%) and the treatment time (36.8%). Conclusion The evaluated receipts of antimicrobial prescriptions do not accurately follow the guidelines of Resolution No. 20/2011, nor of the instituted Nursing protocol.
Assuntos
Medicamentos sob Prescrição , Enfermagem de Atenção Primária , Anti-Infecciosos , Centros de Saúde , Estudos Transversais , Avaliação em EnfermagemRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the patient safety climate in intensive care units from the nursing perspective. Methods: Cross-sectional study developed with 87 nursing professionals working in three Intensive Care Units of a public hospital for emergency services in Piauí from October to November 2018. The study used a validated Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ). In the inferential analysis, the Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis were performed. Results: The total SAQ score obtained a mean of 68.57. In analyzing the scores obtained for each domain in the general SAQ, the Job Satisfaction, and Teamwork Climate domains were those that obtained the highest scores, and the lowest score was for the Perception of Hospital Management domain. Conclusion: The safety attitudes assessed from the perspective of the nursing team proved to be unfavorable.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar el clima de seguridad del paciente en unidades de terapia intensiva en la perspectiva de la enfermaría. Métodos: Estudio transversal desarrollado con 87 profesionales de enfermaría que actúan en tres Unidades de Terapia Intensiva de un hospital público de urgencia de Piauí en el período de octubre y noviembre de 2018. Ha sido utilizado un cuestionario validado de Actitudes de Seguridad - Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ). En el análisis inferencial, han sido realizados el Teste t de Student, Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados: La calificación del SAQ total obtuvo media de 68,57. En análisis de las calificaciones obtenidas para cada dominio en el SAQ general, los dominios Satisfacción en el Trabajo y Clima de Trabajo en Equipo han sido los que obtuvieron las calificaciones más altas y la calificación más baja ha sido para el dominio Percepción de la Gerencia del Hospital. Conclusión: Las actitudes de seguridad evaluadas bajo la perspectiva del equipo de enfermaría se ha mostrado desfavorables.
RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o clima de segurança do paciente em unidades de terapia intensiva na perspectiva da enfermagem. Métodos: Estudo transversal desenvolvido com 87 profissionais de enfermagem que atuam em três Unidades de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital público de urgência do Piauí no período de outubro a novembro de 2018. Utilizou-se um questionário validado de Atitudes de Segurança - Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ). Na análise inferencial, foram realizados o Teste t de Student, Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados: O escore do SAQ total obteve média de 68,57. Em análise dos escores obtidos para cada domínio no SAQ geral, os domínios Satisfação no Trabalho e Clima de Trabalho em Equipe foram os que obtiveram os escores mais altos e o escore mais baixo foi para o domínio Percepção da Gerência do Hospital. Conclusão: As atitudes de segurança avaliadas sob a perspectiva da equipe de enfermagem mostraram-se desfavoráveis.
Assuntos
Humanos , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Segurança do Paciente , Brasil , Cultura Organizacional , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Gestão da Segurança , Satisfação no EmpregoRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the presence of flu-like syndrome suggestive of COVID-19 in men who have sex with men (MSM) and engaged in casual sex during a period of social isolation. Method: National epidemiological survey, applied in April and May 2020, by adaptation of Respondent Drive Sampling. Results: 1,337 MSM participated in the survey, of which 514 (38.4%) had fever associated with another sign or symptom of flu-like syndrome. Social, demographic characteristics, sexual practices and activities during the period of social isolation were statistically associated with the presence of flu-like syndrome. There was a statistical difference (p < 0.001) in the average of partners between those who had signs and symptoms of flu-like syndrome (3.5) and those who did not (1.7). Conclusion: Evidence of signs and symptoms indicative of flu-like syndrome suggestive of COVID 19 in Brazilian MSM who were involved in casual sex during the period of social isolation.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la presencia de síndrome gripal sospecha de COVID-19 en hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH) y se envolvieron en sexo con pareja ocasional durante distanciamiento social. Método: Averiguación epidemiológica, de abarcamiento nacional, aplicado en abril y mayo de 2020, por adaptación del Respondent Drive Sampling. Resultados: 1.337 HSHs participaron de la investigación, de los cuales 514 (38,4%) tuvieron fiebre relacionada a otra señal o síntoma de síndrome gripal. Características sociales, demográficas, prácticas y actividades sexuales durante el distanciamiento social han estáticamente relacionadas a la presencia de síndrome gripal. Hubo diferencia estadística (p < 0,001) en la media de parejas entre aquellos que tuvieron señales y síntomas de síndrome gripal (3,5) y aquellos que no los tuvieron (1,7). Conclusión: Se evidencia ocurrencia de señales y síntomas indicativos de síndrome gripal sugestivo de COVID-19 en HSHs brasileños que se envolvieron en sexo ocasional durante el período del distanciamiento social.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a presença de síndrome gripal suspeita de COVID-19 em homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH) e se envolveram em sexo com parceiro casual durante período de distanciamento social. Método: Inquérito epidemiológico, de abrangência nacional, aplicado em abril e maio de 2020, por adaptação do Respondent Drive Sampling. Resultados: 1.337 HSHs participaram da pesquisa, dos quais 514 (38,4%) tiveram febre associada a outro sinal ou sintoma de síndrome gripal. Características sociais, demográficas, práticas e atividades sexuais durante o período de distanciamento social foram estaticamente associadas à presença de síndrome gripal. Houve diferença estatística (p < 0,001) na média de parceiros entre aqueles que tiveram sinais e sintomas de síndrome gripal (3,5) e aqueles que não os tiveram (1,7). Conclusão: Evidencia-se ocorrência de sinais e sintomas indicativos de síndrome gripal sugestiva de COVID19 em HSHs brasileiros que se envolveram em sexo casual durante o período do distanciamento social.