RESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Minthostachys verticillata (Griseb.) Epling (Lamiaceae), known as Peperina is a medicinal native plant, with a traditional use as a digestive, antispasmodic and antidiarrheic. AIM OF THE STUDY: Despite its folkloric use, no scientific evaluation of this plant related to the gastrointestinal inflammatory process has been carried out to date. The present study aims to assess the effects of M. verticillata on gastrointestinal system in experimental models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: M. verticillata (250 and 500 mg/kg) was orally tested in a colitis model induced by acetic acid. Colon weight/length ratio, oxidative stress (oxidized and reduced glutathione), histological changes using Alcian blue and hematoxylin & eosin staining and expression of IL1ß, TNFα, iNOS, COX-2 were evaluated. The effect of the extract in three additional in vivo models were studied: intestinal motility and diarrhea induced by ricin oil, and visceral pain induced by intracolonic administration of capsaicin. Finally, the activity on concentration response curves of acetylcholine, calcium chloride, potassium and serotonin were achieved in isolated rat jejunum. RESULTS: In the colitis model, M. verticillata induced a significant reduction in the colon weight/length ratio, oxidative stress and expression levels of IL-1ß, iNOS and COX-2. Also, the extract diminished the severity of microscopic tissue damage and showed protective effect on goblet cells. Intestinal motility, diarrhea, visceral pain-related behaviors and referred hyperalgesia were significantly reduced when the animals were treated with the extract. Furthermore, in isolated jejunum, M. verticillata significantly reduced the contraction induced by serotonin and acetylcholine. Likewise, the extract non-competitively inhibited the response-concentration induced by CaCl2 and inhibited both low and high K+-induced contractions. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to validate traditional use of M. verticillata for digestive disorders and demonstrated that its aqueous extract could represent a promising strategy in targeting the multifactorial pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Colite Ulcerativa/tratamento farmacológico , Lamiaceae/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais/química , Ácido Acético/toxicidade , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Capsaicina/toxicidade , Óleo de Rícino/toxicidade , Colite Ulcerativa/induzido quimicamente , Colite Ulcerativa/patologia , Colo/efeitos dos fármacos , Diarreia/induzido quimicamente , Diarreia/tratamento farmacológico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Motilidade Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Hiperalgesia/induzido quimicamente , Hiperalgesia/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Dor Visceral/induzido quimicamente , Dor Visceral/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: There is currently more evidence suggesting that early surgery should be the treatment of choice for acute calculous cholecystitis, although initial conservative treatment is also reported to be safe. Treatment decision depends on the conditions of the patient, surgical experience, and hospital infrastructure, given that early surgery cannot always be carried out. The aim of the present study was to correlate C-reactive protein values with other variables to determine those situations in which surgery cannot be delayed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on patients admitted to the hospital from the emergency service with the diagnosis of acute calculous cholecystitis. The patients were divided into 2groups: 1) patients that required urgent cholecystectomy and 2) patients that responded well to conservative medical treatment and later underwent deferred cholecystectomy. RESULTS: A total of 238 patients (â 54.6%, â 45.4%) were analyzed. Urgent surgery was performed on 158 patients, whereas the remaining 80 patients were released from the hospital following conservative treatment. The odds ratio of gangrenous cholecystitis presenting in acute cholecystitis for C-reactive protein was calculated in the logistic regression analysis, obtaining an OR of 1.088 and a 95% CI of 1.031-1.121. CONCLUSION: In patients diagnosed with acute calculous cholecystitis, the combination of elevated values of C-reactive protein levels, gallbladder wall thickness, and number of leukocytes was correlated with less favorable clinical and gallbladder histologic states, resulting in a greater need for urgent surgical treatment.
Assuntos
Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Colecistite Aguda/sangue , Colecistite Aguda/diagnóstico , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Colecistite Aguda/diagnóstico por imagem , Colecistite Aguda/terapia , Correlação de Dados , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Radiologia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
The importance of pork in the transmission of Salmonella spp. to humans has led to the development of control programmes worldwide. For this, knowledge on the epidemiology of the infection in the production system is fundamental to the efficacy of the regulations. Our objective was to determine the prevalence and spatial distribution of Salmonella-infected farms in the central region of Argentina, and to identify the predominant serotypes and epidemiological factors associated with an increased risk of infection. Salmonella was isolated from 22 of 52 sampled farms, for a farm prevalence of 42·3% (95% confidence interval 28·4-56·1). The most frequent serotypes isolated were S. Typhimurium and S. Derby, which have often been considered of public health concern in the region. Limited evidences of global and local clustering in the region under study were found, and the type of feed and presence of diarrhoeic pigs were significantly associated with having Salmonella shedders in the farm. This highlights the need to evaluate microbiological controls at the farm level, and demonstrates the usefulness of the spatial tools to identify areas of greatest risk when processing pork at slaughterhouse, which could contribute to increasing the food safety of pork products.
Assuntos
Salmonelose Animal/epidemiologia , Salmonelose Animal/microbiologia , Salmonella enterica/isolamento & purificação , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/microbiologia , Topografia Médica , Animais , Argentina/epidemiologia , Análise por Conglomerados , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Salmonella enterica/classificação , Sorogrupo , Análise Espacial , SuínosRESUMO
Data provide information about a tomato collection composed of accessions from the Andean Valley, commercial accessions and wild species. Antioxidant metabolites were measured in mature fruits of this collection, and their biological activities were assessed by both in vitro and in vivo methods. In this work, the parameters used to identify and quantify polyphenols compounds in tomato fruit by liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detector and quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometer are described. Moreover, data supporting a procedure to characterize the properties of tomato fruits to revert death by thermal stress in Caenorhabditis elegans are explained in detail. Lastly, principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis of metabolites composition, antioxidant activities (in vivo and in vitro), tomato traits and geographical origin of the tomatoes collection are shown. The data presented here are related to the research article entitled "Hydrophilic antioxidants from Andean Tomato Landraces assessed by their bioactivities in vitro and in vivo" [1].
RESUMO
In mice and sheep, neonatal administration of progesterone or progestins inhibited development of uterine glands. The aims of the present study were (1) to describe uterine gland development on postnatal Days 6 to 8 and (2) to evaluate the effects of a single postnatal administration of a progestin on reproduction and adult uterine glands morphology and function in domestic cats. Necropsy was performed on three 1-week-old female cats which had died unrelated to this study. Ten female kittens were randomly assigned within the first 24 hours of birth to: medroxyprogesterone acetate 10 mg/animal subcutaneously (MPA; n = 6) or placebo (PLC; n = 4) and followed up until puberty when they were mated. Twenty-four days after the end of estrus, ovulation and pregnancy were diagnosed by serum progesterone measurement and ultrasonography, respectively. Then, all the cats were ovariohysterectomized. After necropsy or surgery, the excised organs were histologically evaluated. Seven queens ovulated (4 of 6 MPA and 3 of 4 PLC; P > 0.1) and were pregnant (P > 0.1). Four MPA cats presented endometrial hyperplasia and one of them developed a pyometra. The 1-week-old females presented uterine glands in the stage of budding and incipient penetration of the glandular epithelium into the underlying stroma. The MPA-treated queens revealed that the area occupied by uterine glands per square-micrometer (0.55 ± 0.2 vs. 0.49 ± 0.2; P > 0.1) and the height of the glandular epithelium (µm; 24.5 ± 6.7 vs. 24.4 ± 7.2; P > 0.1) did not differ from those of the PLC group. Neither significant gross nor microscopical differences were also found for ovaries (P > 0.1). It is concluded that 1-week-old kittens had an incipient stage of uterine gland development and that a single postnatal supraphysiological dose of MPA did not alter uterine adenogenesis in this species. Furthermore, this treatment seemed to predispose to uterine disease without prevention of fertility.
Assuntos
Animais Recém-Nascidos , Anticoncepcionais Femininos/farmacologia , Acetato de Medroxiprogesterona/farmacologia , Animais , Gatos , Anticoncepcionais Femininos/administração & dosagem , Esquema de Medicação , Feminino , Acetato de Medroxiprogesterona/administração & dosagem , Gravidez , Maturidade Sexual , Útero/anatomia & histologia , Útero/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
In postnatal domestic cats, GnRH agonists suppressed fecal concentrations of sexual steroids and delayed puberty. The aim of this study was to describe the gross and microscopic morphometric effects of a single administration of the GnRH agonist, deslorelin acetate, on the gonads of postnatally treated cats. Twenty-seven postnatal male (n = 14) and female (n = 13) kittens were randomly assigned to one of the following treatment groups within the first 24 hours of birth: deslorelin acetate (1.6 mg, subcutaneous; DA, n = 16) or control that remained untreated (CO, n = 11) and spayed or castrated immediately after the onset of puberty. After surgical removal, the gonads were gross and histologically assessed. Sertoli cells also were examined immunohistochemically. Comparisons between the treatments were carried out by the Student t test. Gross gonadal wet weight and volume as well as gonadosomatic index were significantly lower in the DA than those in the CO males; these same parameters were not different in females. Primordial (461.4 + 3.0 vs. 1074.3 + 117.5; P < 0.01), primary (59.1 + 13.5 vs. 165.4 + 24.6; P < 0.01), and secondary (17.5 + 2.6 vs. 31.17 + 8.1; P < 0.05) follicles per mm(2) were decreased in DA than in CO gonads. Epididymal sperm motility and morphology were normal in all but two DA cats that had too few sperm to be evaluated. Germinal epithelial height (µm; 39.68 + 0.92 vs. 72.7 + 1.2; P < 0.01) and most of their cellular components as well as the Sertoli (cm(3); 0.1 + 0.02 vs. 0.24 + 0.05; P < 0.01) cells were diminished in the DA cats. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist endocrine disruption during the neonatal critical reproductive time window may have a potential as a contraceptive agent in domestic felids.
Assuntos
Animais Recém-Nascidos , Gatos , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/agonistas , Ovário/efeitos dos fármacos , Testículo/efeitos dos fármacos , Pamoato de Triptorrelina/análogos & derivados , Animais , Anticoncepção/veterinária , Feminino , Masculino , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Ovário/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Reprodução/efeitos dos fármacos , Células de Sertoli/química , Células de Sertoli/efeitos dos fármacos , Maturidade Sexual/efeitos dos fármacos , Testículo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Pamoato de Triptorrelina/administração & dosagemRESUMO
The aim of this study was to reproductively assess the clinical and hormonal effects of a GnRH agonist (AG) and an antagonist (AN) administered during the postnatal period in domestic cats. Forty-eight male and female postnatal kittens were randomly assigned to deslorelin acetate 1.6 mg subcutaneous (AG; n = 16), acyline 33 µg/100 g subcutaneous weekly for 3 months (AN; n = 16), or control (CO; n = 16) which remained untreated. The cats were followed up (behavioral observation, physical examination, fecal sexual steroid determinations, mating test, and pregnancy diagnosis) up to puberty. Puberty was delayed (weeks) in the AG animals (62.9 ± 3.5; P < 0.01) but not in the AN (15.5 ± 1.7; P > 0.05) when they were compared with CO kittens (13.4 ± 0.4). Fifteen (15/16) of the AN and CO animals, and only 11 of 16 cats of the AG group were fertile (P > 0.1). No differences were found in body weight (P > 0.1) and measurements (P > 0.1), libido (P > 0.1) and in the appearance of side effects (P > 0.1; except a pyometra in an AG female) among groups. In both AG- and AN-treated males (testosterone; P < 0.01) and females (estradiol-17ß; P < 0.01) fecal hormone concentrations were lower than in CO group during the first five postnatal weeks but not later. It is concluded that the neonatal administration of these AG and AN decreased fecal sexual steroids during the first postnatal weeks causing, the agonists but not the antagonist, a significant, reversible delay in puberty appearance.
Assuntos
Anticoncepção/veterinária , Oligopeptídeos/farmacologia , Pamoato de Triptorrelina/análogos & derivados , Animais , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Peso Corporal , Gatos , Anticoncepção/métodos , Feminino , Hormônios Esteroides Gonadais/metabolismo , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/agonistas , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/antagonistas & inibidores , Masculino , Maturidade Sexual/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de Tempo , Pamoato de Triptorrelina/farmacologiaRESUMO
The aim of this article was to describe the time course of prepubertal sexual steroids in domestic cats. Fourteen newborn kittens were followed up until puberty (physical, behavioral, and hormonal changes). Fecal testosterone [T; males] and E estradiol 17-ß [E2; females] concentrations were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA and two consecutive time windows (TWs) were used to compare changes in both male (postnatal weeks 1-4 vs. 5-14) and females (postnatal weeks 1-5 vs. 6-13). Puberty was achieved 14.3 ± 0.3 and 13.3 ± 0.4 weeks after birth in male and female cats, respectively. In both genders, during TW-1 fecal steroids concentrations were similar (males) or even higher (females) to that previously described for mature cats. Fecal T (P < 0.01) and E2 (P < 0.01) varied throughout the weeks. Differences were found when hormonal concentrations of TW-1 were compared with those of TW-2 both for male (61.4 ± 7.9 vs. 16.9 ± 2.2 ng/g; P < 0.01) and female (78.2 ± 12.5 vs. 11.2 ± 4.0 ng/g; P < 0.01) cats. It is concluded that in domestic cats there is a sexual steroid surge during the first 4 and 5 postnatal weeks in male and female animals, respectively.
Assuntos
Gatos/fisiologia , Estradiol/análise , Fezes/química , Maturidade Sexual/fisiologia , Testosterona/análise , Animais , Animais Domésticos , Estradiol/metabolismo , Feminino , Masculino , Gravidez , Testosterona/metabolismoRESUMO
Metformin is a hypoglycaemic drug currently used to increase insulin sensitivity in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Its main mechanism of action is through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase, an enzyme that regulates cellular and whole organ metabolism. The fructose-overloaded rat is an experimental model with features that resemble human metabolic syndrome. We have previously reported alterations in vascular prostanoids (PR) in this model. The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of metformin treatment on blood pressure, metabolic parameters and PR production in aorta and mesenteric vascular bed (MVB) from fructose-overloaded animals. Four groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were used: control, fructose overloaded (10% w/v fructose), metformin treated (50 mg kg(-1) day(-1) ) and fructose-overloaded treated with metformin. Rats with fructose overload had significantly elevated systolic blood pressure, glycaemia, triglyceridaemia, cholesterolaemia and insulinaemia compared with controls. Except for insulinaemia, metformin limited all these increases in fructose-overloaded animals. Fructose overload reduced prostacyclin levels in aorta and MVB, but prostaglandin E(2) levels were only reduced in MVB. Metformin treatment reduced the levels of the vasoconstrictor prostaglandins, PGF(2) α and thromboxane, in both vascular preparations from fructose-overloaded rats. PGF(2) α levels were significantly reduced by metformin in controls. In conclusion, one of the mechanisms by which metformin reduced blood pressure in this model is by decreasing vasoconstrictor prostaglandin production.
Assuntos
Aorta Torácica/metabolismo , Frutose/toxicidade , Artérias Mesentéricas/metabolismo , Metformina/farmacologia , Prostaglandinas/biossíntese , Vasoconstrição/fisiologia , Animais , Aorta Torácica/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Artérias Mesentéricas/efeitos dos fármacos , Síndrome Metabólica/induzido quimicamente , Síndrome Metabólica/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome Metabólica/metabolismo , Metformina/uso terapêutico , Oxirredução , Prostaglandinas/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Vasoconstrição/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Domestic cat seasonality between the tropics and the arctic zones is scarcely described and results are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to describe domestic feline seasonal patterns under a natural temperate photoperiod. A total of 372 estrous cycles were studied in 34 post pubertal cats during 900 days. The queens were housed in a cat colony (31°25' South Latitude, 64°11' West Longitude), acclimated under natural photoperiod and daily observed for reproductive behavior. Vaginal cytology was conducted three times a week. For each cat the number of estrous cycles and days in estrus per month for each year were recorded. The months of the year were grouped in four periods of 3 months each according to day length and photoperiod. Comparisons of estrous days among periods were performed by ANOVA for repeated measures. All the cats had estrous cycles throughout the year without intervals of anestrus. Mean number of estrous days differed among the periods (P<0.01), those of long day length and ascending photoperiod being greater (12.5±0.6) to those of descending photoperiod either with long (8.9±0.7) or short (9.3±0.7) days. When the two periods with ascending day lengths were merged and compared to the two periods with descending day lengths merged, the number of estrous days were greater when day length ascended (P<0.01). Nearly 60% of the estrous cycles occurred during the periods of ascending day length. It is concluded, that domestic cats under natural temperate photoperiod have estrous cycles throughout the year showing peak activity the months with increasing photoperiod.
Assuntos
Gatos/fisiologia , Ciclo Estral/fisiologia , Estro/fisiologia , Animais , Feminino , Fotoperíodo , Estações do Ano , Comportamento Sexual Animal/fisiologiaRESUMO
The objective was to assess the efficacy and safety of long-term administration of melatonin (either as an implant or given orally) on interestrus intervals in domestic cats. Additionally, the effect of melatonin implants on puberty postponement was studied. For these purposes, two randomized controlled trials were conducted. In the first, 68 interestrus intervals (in 28 postpubertal queens) were studied, and in the second, 32 prepubertal female cats were used. During anovulatory interestrus intervals (27 ovulatory interestrus intervals were excluded), postpubertal cats were assigned to the following three treatments: melatonin implant 18 mg/cat SC (n = 17; MEI); melatonin tablets, 4 mg/cat/d orally until the onset of estrus (n = 12; MEO); or control (n = 12; CTL). Prepubertal females were randomly assigned to the following three treatments: melatonin 18 mg/cat sc implants at either 1.9 ± 0.3 kg (MEI-A; n = 12) or 1.5 ± 0.3 kg (MEI-B; n = 10) body weight; or control (CTL; n = 10). Interestrus intervals in postpubertal MEI, MEO, and CTL groups were 63.8 ± 5.4, 63.0 ± 5.3 and 19.2 ± 1.4 d (P < 0.05), respectively. In these groups, intervals between onset of treatment and the first estrus cycle were 51.0 ± 4.7, 50.0 ± 6.1, and 12.6 ± 1.1 d (P < 0.05). In the second experiment, neither age (MEI-A: 232.4 ± 10.5, MEI-B: 208.6 ± 13.0 and CTL: 192.4 ± 20.1 d; P > 0.1) nor body weight (P > 0.1) at puberty differed among groups. None of the cats in either study had clinically apparent side effects. We concluded that long-term melatonin treatment of domestic cats slightly prolonged interestrus intervals, but did not postpone puberty.
Assuntos
Gatos/fisiologia , Depressores do Sistema Nervoso Central/farmacologia , Ciclo Estral/efeitos dos fármacos , Melatonina/farmacologia , Maturidade Sexual/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores Etários , Animais , Depressores do Sistema Nervoso Central/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Melatonina/administração & dosagem , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
AIMS: Fructose (F) overload in rats induces metabolic dysfunctions that resemble the human metabolic syndrome. In this paper, we aimed to investigate the response of F overload rats to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in terms of nitric oxide (NO) production and prostanoids (PR) release. MAIN METHODS: NO blood steady-state concentration was monitored through the detection of nitrosyl-hemoglobin complexes (NO-Hb) by electronic spin resonance. Production of 6-keto PGF(1)α, PGE(2), PGF(2)α and TXB(2) was measured in aorta and mesenteric beds by HPLC. Western blot analysis was used to examine the changes in the expression levels of NOS-2 and COX-2 in aorta. KEY FINDINGS: Our results showed that increases in NO circulating steady-state concentration and PR production by aorta and mesenteric beds 6h after LPS administration were significantly attenuated in F overload rats with respect to control animals. Oxidative stress parameters were equally affected in the presence or absence of the F treatment. Aorta protein levels of NOS-2 and COX-2, two enzymes inducible by LPS, were significantly lower in F overload rats with respect to control rats at the end of the treatment (-39% and -61% for NOS-2 and COX-2 respectively). SIGNIFICANCE: These results suggest that the metabolic alterations established by 15 weeks of F overload should affect the response to LPS challenge due to an attenuation in the induction of NOS-2 and COX-2. This effect would be one of the components contributing to abnormalities in the course of the inflammatory response in other conditions associated to insulin resistance, such as diabetes.
Assuntos
Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/biossíntese , Frutose/farmacologia , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/biossíntese , Animais , Glicemia/análise , Western Blotting , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/efeitos dos fármacos , Indução Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Insulina/sangue , Masculino , Nitratos/sangue , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/efeitos dos fármacos , Nitritos/sangue , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Prostaglandinas/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Triglicerídeos/sangueRESUMO
1 There is a relationship between hypertension, insulin resistance and an altered plasmatic lipid profile known as 'metabolic syndrome'. Fructose (F) overload induces in the rat a mild hypertension associated with metabolic alterations such as hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia and insulin resistance, resembling such syndrome. 2 Prostanoids (PR), metabolites of arachidonic acid, include vasoactive substances synthesized and released by the vessel wall. An altered pattern of PR release has been previously found in mesenteric vessels of experimental diabetic rats. 3 This study analyzed the effects of F-overload during different periods (4, 9, 15 and 22 weeks) on PR release in aorta (A) and mesenteric vascular beds (MVB). Animals received tap water (control) or F solution (10% w/v) to drink. 4 Rats with F overload showed significantly higher systolic blood pressure, glycemia and triglyceridemia than controls; but no differences in this parameters were found among periods of treatment either in controls or experimental animals. 5 In A, prostacyclin was decreased at 9, 15 and 22 weeks of treatment when compared to 4 weeks and controls. In MVB, prostacyclin showed different patterns of release in the studied periods of F overload. Prostaglandin (PG) E(2) diminish in MVB at the same extent in all periods. No changes were observed in A. The vasoconstrictor thromboxane was elevated in the MVB at 9 weeks. PGF(2)alpha, also a vasoconstrictor, remains unchanged. 6 In conclusion, F overload provokes in the rat a decrease in the vascular production of vasodilator PR and, in one of the studied periods, an increase in the release of the vasoconstrictor thromboxane, leading to a negative imbalance in the prostacylin/thromboxane ratio. This could be involved in the blood pressure alterations found in this experimental model of metabolic syndrome.
Assuntos
Vasos Sanguíneos/metabolismo , Frutose , Hipertensão/induzido quimicamente , Hipertensão/metabolismo , Prostaglandinas/biossíntese , Animais , Aorta Torácica/efeitos dos fármacos , Aorta Torácica/metabolismo , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Circulação Esplâncnica/efeitos dos fármacos , Resistência Vascular/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
This study analyzes the effects of losartan (AT1 blocker) and pioglitazone (insulin sensitizer), alone and in combination, in the fructose-overloaded rat, a model of metabolic syndrome. All treatments (nine weeks) reduced blood pressure and triglyceridemia and also restored the diminished release of vasodilator prostaglandins (prostacyclin in aorta and mesenteric vascular bed and prostaglandin E(2) in the latter). Pioglitazone, alone and in combination with losartan, reduced the release of the vasoconstrictor thromboxane in controls and fructose rats in both vascular preparations. In conclusion, although combination therapy and single treatments exerted similar effects, there may still be some advantage to the combined treatment.
Assuntos
Bloqueadores do Receptor Tipo 1 de Angiotensina II/farmacologia , Vasos Sanguíneos/metabolismo , Frutose/farmacologia , Hemodinâmica/efeitos dos fármacos , Losartan/farmacologia , Prostaglandinas/metabolismo , Tiazolidinedionas/farmacologia , Animais , Aorta/metabolismo , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Dinoprostona/metabolismo , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Epoprostenol/metabolismo , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Mesentério/irrigação sanguínea , PPAR gama/agonistas , Pioglitazona , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Tromboxanos/antagonistas & inibidores , Triglicerídeos/sangueRESUMO
The Pycnogonida from Uruguayan waters are scarcely known, and their reports are markedly discontinuous. In this paper, several individuals of two previously unrecorded Pycnogonids at the shallow rocky subtidal and lower intertidal fringes of Cerro Verde (Rocha, Uruguay) are reported. The specimens were assigned to Pycnogonum pamphorum Marcus, 1940 and Anoplodactylus petiolatus (Kroyer, 1844). This is the first record of these species on the Uruguayan coast and the southernmost record of P. pamphorum, previously recorded only in Santos, Brazil (type locality).
Assuntos
Artrópodes/classificação , Animais , Artrópodes/anatomia & histologia , Feminino , Masculino , Estações do Ano , UruguaiRESUMO
Determinou-se, por meio de um sistema de monitoramento de suínos em fase de crescimento e em matadouro, a presença de patologias como indicadoras de problemas na população de referência. O estudo foi realizado em uma criação intensiva de ciclo completo, durante nove semanas. Foram determinadas as prevalências dos diagnósticos clínico-patológicos obtidos durante um período de nove semanas. Utilizaram-se cinco grupos de 43 leitões, com pesos de até 19kg, considerados de baixa performance. Estimaram-se, por intervalos de confiança de 95 por cento, as prevalências acumuladas em cada monitoramento. Obteve-se correlação de 0,99 (P<0,0001) entre as prevalências anuais com as nove semanas de estudo, mostrando correspondência com o achado em matadouro. Amostras em semanas alternadas de três grupos de 43 animais são bons indicadores das patologias que afetam os suínos em crescimento, mesmo aquelas de baixa freqüência ou muito letais.(AU)
The prevalence of different pathologies as an indicator of health problems in a particular population by means of slaughterhouse monitoring of growing pigs was determined. The work was carried out in an indoor intensive farrow to finish swine farm during 9 weeks. The prevalence of diseases was determined by means of clinical and pathological diagnosis. For the slaughterhouse inspection, five groups of 43 pigs each weighting up to 19kg, considered as poor performers, were put together. These animals were sent to the slaughterhouse and were observed for the presence or absence of skin and joint lesions of arms and legs and also lesions of serous membranes and parenchimal organs. An estimative with a confidence interval level of 95 percent was performed on cumulated prevalence in each monitoring session for 43, 86, 129, 172 and 215 animals. Annual prevalence from clinical and pathological diagnosis and 9-week-period had correlations (r=0.99; P<0.0001) and correspondence with slaughterhouse observations. In conclusion, samplings in alternate weeks of three groups of 43 pigs seem to be a good indicator of pathologies affecting growing swines, even those of very low prevalence or highly lethal.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Suínos , Monitoramento Ambiental , Doenças dos Suínos/prevenção & controle , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Matadouros , Monitoramento EpidemiológicoRESUMO
Determinou-se, por meio de um sistema de monitoramento de suínos em fase de crescimento e em matadouro, a presença de patologias como indicadoras de problemas na população de referência. O estudo foi realizado em uma criação intensiva de ciclo completo, durante nove semanas. Foram determinadas as prevalências dos diagnósticos clínico-patológicos obtidos durante um período de nove semanas. Utilizaram-se cinco grupos de 43 leitões, com pesos de até 19kg, considerados de baixa performance. Estimaram-se, por intervalos de confiança de 95 por cento, as prevalências acumuladas em cada monitoramento. Obteve-se correlação de 0,99 (P<0,0001) entre as prevalências anuais com as nove semanas de estudo, mostrando correspondência com o achado em matadouro. Amostras em semanas alternadas de três grupos de 43 animais são bons indicadores das patologias que afetam os suínos em crescimento, mesmo aquelas de baixa freqüência ou muito letais.
The prevalence of different pathologies as an indicator of health problems in a particular population by means of slaughterhouse monitoring of growing pigs was determined. The work was carried out in an indoor intensive farrow to finish swine farm during 9 weeks. The prevalence of diseases was determined by means of clinical and pathological diagnosis. For the slaughterhouse inspection, five groups of 43 pigs each weighting up to 19kg, considered as poor performers, were put together. These animals were sent to the slaughterhouse and were observed for the presence or absence of skin and joint lesions of arms and legs and also lesions of serous membranes and parenchimal organs. An estimative with a confidence interval level of 95 percent was performed on cumulated prevalence in each monitoring session for 43, 86, 129, 172 and 215 animals. Annual prevalence from clinical and pathological diagnosis and 9-week-period had correlations (r=0.99; P<0.0001) and correspondence with slaughterhouse observations. In conclusion, samplings in alternate weeks of three groups of 43 pigs seem to be a good indicator of pathologies affecting growing swines, even those of very low prevalence or highly lethal.
Assuntos
Animais , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/prevenção & controle , Monitoramento Ambiental , Suínos , MatadourosRESUMO
The Pycnogonida from Uruguayan waters are scarcely known, and their reports are markedly discontinuous. In this paper, several individuals of two previously unrecorded Pycnogonids at the shallow rocky subtidal and lower intertidal fringes of Cerro Verde (Rocha, Uruguay) are reported. The specimens were assigned to Pycnogonum pamphorum Marcus, 1940 and Anoplodactylus petiolatus (Kroyer, 1844). This is the first record of these species on the Uruguayan coast and the southernmost record of P. pamphorum, previously recorded only in Santos, Brazil (type locality).
Pouco se conhece da fauna dos Pycnogonida de águas Uruguaias, e seus registros são marcadamente descontínuos. Neste trabalho, são reportados vários indivíduos de dois picnogonídeos não registrados previamente, nas faixas rochosas submareal rasa e bordas intermareais baixas de Cerro Verde (Rocha, Uruguai). Os espécimes foram atribuídos às espécies Pycnogonum pamphorum Marcus, 1940 e Anoplodactylus petiolatus (Kroyer, 1844). Este é o primeiro registro dessas duas espécies para a costa Uruguaia e constitui o registro mais austral para P. Pamphorum, conhecido previamente somente em Santos, Brasil (localidade tipo).
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Artrópodes/classificação , Artrópodes/anatomia & histologia , Estações do Ano , UruguaiRESUMO
The Pycnogonida from Uruguayan waters are scarcely known, and their reports are markedly discontinuous. In this paper, several individuals of two previously unrecorded Pycnogonids at the shallow rocky subtidal and lower intertidal fringes of Cerro Verde (Rocha, Uruguay) are reported. The specimens were assigned to Pycnogonum pamphorum Marcus, 1940 and Anoplodactylus petiolatus (Kroyer, 1844). This is the first record of these species on the Uruguayan coast and the southernmost record of P. pamphorum, previously recorded only in Santos, Brazil (type locality).
Pouco se conhece da fauna dos Pycnogonida de águas Uruguaias, e seus registros são marcadamente descontínuos. Neste trabalho, são reportados vários indivíduos de dois picnogonídeos não registrados previamente, nas faixas rochosas submareal rasa e bordas intermareais baixas de Cerro Verde (Rocha, Uruguai). Os espécimes foram atribuídos às espécies Pycnogonum pamphorum Marcus, 1940 e Anoplodactylus petiolatus (Kroyer, 1844). Este é o primeiro registro dessas duas espécies para a costa Uruguaia e constitui o registro mais austral para P. Pamphorum, conhecido previamente somente em Santos, Brasil (localidade tipo).
RESUMO
AIMS: The interplay between natriuretic dopamine and antinatriuretic angiotensin II represents an important mechanism for the regulation of renal sodium and water excretion. Monoamine oxidase is the main metabolizing pathway for dopamine in the renal cortex. In this study, we have analysed the effect of low sodium feeding and AT1 receptor blockade on renal dopamine metabolism by monoamine oxidase. METHODS: Four groups of rats were studied: 1, normal salt diet (NS); 2, low salt diet (LS); 3, NS receiving Losartan (Los, specific AT1 receptor antagonist, 20 mg kg(-1) bwt day(-1), NS + Los); 4, LS receiving Los (LS + Los). RESULTS: Urinary dopamine excretion was lower in LS than in NS rats (543 +/- 32 vs. 680 +/- 34 ng day(-1) 100 g(-1) bwt, P < 0.05). When treated with Los, DOPAC excretion and urinary DOPAC/dopamine ratio fell significantly in the LS + Los group as compared with the LS group (1199 +/- 328 vs. 3081 +/- 681 ng day(-1) 100 g(-1) bwt and 1.90 +/- 0.5 vs. 5.7 +/- 1.2, respectively, both P < 0.02). Losartan increased hydroelectrolyte excretion in the LS group. No changes were found in the NS + Los group. Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase activity in cortex was similar in NS and LS rats. Instead, monoamine oxidase activity was higher in cortical homogenates from LS rats (in nmol mg tissue(-1) h(-1): NS 7.66 +/- 0.52; LS 9.82 +/- 0.59, P < 0.05) and this difference was abolished in LS + Los rats (7.34 +/- 0.49 nmol mg tissue(-1) h(-1), P < 0.01, vs. LS). CONCLUSIONS: We have concluded that low levels of dopamine in the urine of LS rats are because of an increase in the activity of renal monoamine oxidase and that angiotensin II mediates this increase through stimulation of AT1 receptors.