RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of Human Pegivirus-1 (HPgV-1) viremia and genotype diversity among healthy blood donors from the Eastern Brazilian Amazon (city of Macapá, State of Amapá). There is little information for prevalence and circulation of HPgV-1 in this remote Brazilian region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a study evaluating the HPgV-1 RNA prevalence and circulating genotypes in 431 volunteer blood donors originating from the Eastern Brazilian Amazon. The obtained HPgV-1 positive samples were submitted to sequencing and genotyping analysis in order to examine the genotype diversity of this virus in the Brazilian Amazon. RESULTS: Our results demonstrated a prevalence of HPgV-1 RNA in 9.5% of the tested blood donors. The phylogenetic analyses of the detected positive samples showed the presence of HPgV-1 genotypes 1, 2 and 3. The most frequently detected genotype was 2 (78.0% of the cases) represented by sub-genotypes 2A (39.0%) and 2B (39.0%). At lower rates, genotypes 1 (14.6%) and 3 (7.4%) were also detected. CONCLUSION: Our results revealed the presence of genotypes with European, Asiatic and African endemicity in Amazonian blood donors, probably due to the complex miscegenation processes that took place in this Brazilian region. More investigations, including information for the prevalence of HPgV-1 RNA in blood donors from other Latin American countries are needed to estimate the viremic rates and genotype distribution of this virus in a highly diverse continent like South America.
Assuntos
Doadores de Sangue , Infecções por Flaviviridae/epidemiologia , Vírus GB C/genética , Hepatite Viral Humana/epidemiologia , RNA Viral/sangue , Adolescente , Adulto , África/etnologia , Ásia/etnologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Europa (Continente)/etnologia , Feminino , Infecções por Flaviviridae/virologia , Vírus GB C/isolamento & purificação , Genótipo , Hepatite Viral Humana/virologia , Migração Humana , Humanos , Indígenas Sul-Americanos/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Filogenia , Análise de Sequência de RNA , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
This study assessed the effect of maternal tobacco smoking during pregnancy on their infants' respiratory health during the first year of life in a random sample of 184 mother-infant binomials. Data were analyzed using chi square test for proportions and multivariate logistic regression adjusting for covariates. Infants exposed to maternal smoking during pregnancy had a significantly higher risk of suffering from wheezing (p < 0.01), acute respiratory illnesses (p < 0.01) and admissions due to pneumonia (p < 0.05) during their first year of life than non-exposed infants. Accordingly to what has been described in developed countries, in this sample from a low socioeconomic status population, active maternal tobacco smoking during pregnancy significantly increased infants' susceptibility for suffering from wheezing, acute respiratory illnesses and hospital admissions due to pneumonia during the first year of life.
Este estudio evaluó el efecto del tabaquismo materno durante el embarazo sobre la salud respiratoria de sus lactantes durante el primer año de vida, en 184 binomios madre-hijo. El análisis se realizó mediante chi cuadrado para proporciones y regresión logística multivariada ajustando para covariables. Los hijos de madres que fumaron durante el embarazo tuvieron un riesgo significativamente mayor de sufrir de bronquitis obstructiva (p < 0,01), de enfermedades respiratorias agudas en general (p < 0,01) y de hospitalización por neumonía (p < 0,05), en comparación con los hijos de madres que no fumaron durante el embarazo. Concordantemente con lo descrito en países desarrollados, en esta muestra proveniente de una población de bajos recursos socioeconómicos, el tabaquismo materno durante el embarazo aumentó significativamente la susceptibilidad de los lactantes para sufrir de bronquitis obstructivas, enfermedades respiratorias agudas y de hospitalizaciones por neumonía en su primer año de vida.