RESUMO

This paper shows the design of a radio-frequency transceiver coil for landmine detection in Colombia by nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR). The radio-frequency transceiver coil is of great importance as it is responsible for exciting the target explosive and for picking up the weak NQR signal; however, little detail is found on the literature about its design. The strategy followed on this work consisted on constructing and experimentally comparing five different radio-frequency transceiver coils, whose dimensions were selected according to four design parameters: noise rejection, magnetic flux density, coil sensitivity, and quality factor; taking into account the characteristics of landmines in Colombia, the second country most affected by anti-personnel mines in the world. The constructed coils were experimentally compared using a portable system and with three of them, the system was capable of detecting 200 g ammonium nitrate (the main substance used in Colombian landmines) up to 3 cm from the coil within 12 s, with a steady-state free precession pulse sequence. Conclusions from this work could help to guide RF coil design in other works that apply NQR for remote detection of substances in non-shielded environments and to direct future research about landmine detection in Colombia.

RESUMO

RESUMEN Objetivo Caracterizar el ámbito laboral de los y las fisioterapeutas en el sector público de Salud en Bogotá, Colombia. Material y Métodos Se considera como ámbito laboral el territorio social donde transcurre la vida cotidiana de las personas en la realización de actividades productivas. Se diseñó un estudio de tipo exploratorio cuali-cuantitativo. Se seleccionó una muestra de conveniencia de fisioterapeutas que laboran en la red pública de salud de Bogotá y se aplicó una encuesta previamente estandarizada con las variables pertinentes sobre el ámbito laboral. Resultados Se realizaron 27 encuestas personalizadas. Predomina la contratación por tiempo definido sobre los contratos por tiempo indefinido. La remuneración es baja. Se desempeñan principalmente en áreas de manejo asistencial como consulta externa y hospitalización. La formación posgraduada es escasa. Conclusiones Se describen de manera amplia características específicas del ámbito laboral de fisioterapia, con respecto a otros estudios. Debe conocerse de forma directa las necesidades del talento humano para aportar al mejoramiento de las condiciones que se dan en el ámbito laboral. Es preciso desarrollar las normas laborales del talento humano en fisioterapia, las condiciones de trabajo y la remuneración en las instituciones públicas de salud.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective To characterize the workplace of physiotherapists in the public health sector in Bogotá, Colombia. Material and Methods The workplace is considered as a social territory where the daily lives of people in productive activities area take place. A qualitative and quantitative exploratory study was designed. A convenience sample of physiotherapists working in the public health system of Bogotá was selected and a previously standardized survey, with relevant variables on the workplace, was applied. Results 27 customized surveys were conducted. Fixed-term contracts outnumbered open-ended contracts. The pay is low. Physiotherapists work mainly in healthcare management areas such as outpatient consultation and hospitalization. Postgraduate training is scarce. Conclusions Specific characteristics of the workplace of physiotherapists are described broadly and are compared to other studies. It is necessary to recognize the needs of human talent to contribute to the improvement of conditions in the workplace. Work standards for human talent in physiotherapy, working conditions and remuneration in public health institutions need to be developed.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the workplace of physiotherapists in the public health sector in Bogotá, Colombia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The workplace is considered as a social territory where the daily lives of people in productive activities area take place. A qualitative and quantitative exploratory study was designed. A convenience sample of physiotherapists working in the public health system of Bogotá was selected and a previously standardized survey, with relevant variables on the workplace, was applied. RESULTS: 27 customized surveys were conducted. Fixed-term contracts outnumbered open-ended contracts. The pay is low. Physiotherapists work mainly in healthcare management areas such as outpatient consultation and hospitalization. Postgraduate training is scarce. CONCLUSIONS: Specific characteristics of the workplace of physiotherapists are described broadly and are compared to other studies. It is necessary to recognize the needs of human talent to contribute to the improvement of conditions in the workplace. Work standards for human talent in physiotherapy, working conditions and remuneration in public health institutions need to be developed.

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar el ámbito laboral de los y las fisioterapeutas en el sector público de Salud en Bogotá, Colombia. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se considera como ámbito laboral el territorio social donde transcurre la vida cotidiana de las personas en la realización de actividades productivas. Se diseñó un estudio de tipo exploratorio cuali-cuantitativo. Se seleccionó una muestra de conveniencia de fisioterapeutas que laboran en la red pública de salud de Bogotá y se aplicó una encuesta previamente estandarizada con las variables pertinentes sobre el ámbito laboral. RESULTADOS: Se realizaron 27 encuestas personalizadas. Predomina la contratación por tiempo definido sobre los contratos por tiempo indefinido. La remuneración es baja. Se desempeñan principalmente en áreas de manejo asistencial como consulta externa y hospitalización. La formación posgraduada es escasa. CONCLUSIONES: Se describen de manera amplia características específicas del ámbito laboral de fisioterapia, con respecto a otros estudios. Debe conocerse de forma directa las necesidades del talento humano para aportar al mejoramiento de las condiciones que se dan en el ámbito laboral. Es preciso desarrollar las normas laborales del talento humano en fisioterapia, las condiciones de trabajo y la remuneración en las instituciones públicas de salud.

RESUMO

Objetivo Identificar la aplicabilidad del test de 6 minutos en 22 adultos con obesidad (12 mujeres y 10 hombres) en un programa de actividad física de 6 meses. Métodos Estudio longitudinal que utilizo el test de 6 minutos como evaluación de la capacidad cardiopulmonar, en un programa de actividad física en personas con diferentes grados de obesidad. Resultados: La primera evaluación del test de 6 minutos se encontró que los intervalos que presentaron mayor frecuencia fueron: 439,7-468,7=27,3 % (6) y 468,71-487,71=27,3 % (6). En La evaluación final al programa de actividad física el intervalo que presento mayor frecuencia fue 463,01-501,01=45,5 % (10), sin presentarse manifestaciones clínicas y/o físicas para su interrupción en las personas evaluadas. Conclusiones Se encontró que el test de 6 minutos es una herramienta de evaluación y seguimiento en personas con obesidad, en el programa de actividad física. Se recalca seguir el protocolo para su realización.(AU)

Objective Evaluating the applicability of the 6-minute walking test (6MWT) on 22 obese adults (12 women and 10 men) engaged in a physical activity program lasting 6 months. Methodology This longitudinal study involved using the 6MWT for evaluating cardiorespiratory capacity in people having different levels of obesity who were engaged in a physical activity program. Results The first set of 6MWT results revealed that the intervals having the highest frequency were 439.7-468.7=27.3 % (6) and 468.71-487.71=27.3 % (6). The 6MWT result at the end of the evaluation showed that the interval having the highest frequency was 463.01-501.01=45.5 % (10), without presenting clinical and/or physical signs which could have interrupted the test on the people being evaluated. Conclusions This study showed the 6MWT to be applicable as an evaluation and tracking tool for obese people engaged in a physical activity program. It should be stressed that the 6MWT protocol must be closely followed when evaluating physical endurance.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Evaluating the applicability of the 6-minute walking test (6MWT) on 22 obese adults (12 women and 10 men) engaged in a physical activity program lasting 6 months. METHODOLOGY: This longitudinal study involved using the 6MWT for evaluating cardiorespiratory capacity in people having different levels of obesity who were engaged in a physical activity program. RESULTS: The first set of 6MWT results revealed that the intervals having the highest frequency were 439.7-468.7=27.3 % (6) and 468.71-487.71=27.3 % (6). The 6MWT result at the end of the evaluation showed that the interval having the highest frequency was 463.01-501.01=45.5 % (10), without presenting clinical and/or physical signs which could have interrupted the test on the people being evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed the 6MWT to be applicable as an evaluation and tracking tool for obese people engaged in a physical activity program. It should be stressed that the 6MWT protocol must be closely followed when evaluating physical endurance.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objetivo Acercamiento a la práctica de la actividad física del médico generalista, así como a la consejería en actividad física que realizan a sus pacientes. Métodos Estudio exploratorio transversal con 115 médicos generalistas (82 mujeres y 33 hombres), por medio de una encuesta en línea, auto-diligenciada, en el Congreso Anual de Médicos Generalistas del 2011. Resultados Un 76 % de las mujeres siempre ofrece la consejería en actividad física, por su parte en hombres manifestaron casi siempre con un 33 % siendo la mayor frecuencia. En la presencia de enfermedades no-transmisibles las mujeres aconsejan siempre en un 73 % y los hombres en un 27 %. En cuanto a la evaluación se muestra mayor frecuencia a realizar preguntas generales sobre la cantidad de actividad física mujeres 97 % (n=62) y hombres 93 % (n=25). La realización regular de actividad física los datos fueron mujeres un 35 % (n=23) y en hombres un 46 % (n=12). Conclusiones No se encuentran relaciones entre el nivel de actividad física con la presencia de la consejería, así como con los conocimientos. Se encontró que los médicos generalistas identifican la actividad física como importante para sus pacientes, aunque tienen estilo de vida poco activo. En cuanto a la consejería se sugiere la necesidad de capacitar los médicos generalistas en la prescripción de la actividad física.(AU)

Objective Investigating general practitioners' (GP) physical activity and to what extent their own physical activity affects counselling their patients in clinical practice. Methodology This was a cross-sectional, exploratory study; sample size was 115 (82 women and 33 men). The survey involved using a self-administered questionnaire at the GPs' annual congress in 2011, using a specially-designed, on-line questionnaire. Results This questionnaire revealed that about 76% of the female GPs did give advice concerning physical activity to their patients while the respective prevalence in men was 33 %. Regarding advice concerning physical activity to patients having non-communicable diseases, 73 % of women GPs always seemed to recommend physical activity for them while the corresponding prevalence in men was 27 %. Around 97 % (n=62) of the female GPs and 93 % (n=25) of male GPs asked their patients about their physical activity pattern; however, this study revealed that only 35 % (n=23) of male and 46 % (n=12) of female GPS were actually familiar with the latest recommendations concerning physical activity. Conclusion No relationship was found between GPs' physical activity level and their counselling in practice concerning physical activity or their current knowledge of the topic. The study showed that GPs stated that physical activity was important for their patients, although few of them engaged in types of physical activity during their leisure-time. There would thus seem to be an urgent need for training GPs in prescribing physical activity at primary healthcare level to increase their patients' involvement in some form of physical activity.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Investigating general practitioners' (GP) physical activity and to what extent their own physical activity affects counselling their patients in clinical practice. METHODOLOGY: This was a cross-sectional, exploratory study; sample size was 115 (82 women and 33 men). The survey involved using a self-administered questionnaire at the GPs' annual congress in 2011, using a specially-designed, on-line questionnaire. RESULTS: This questionnaire revealed that about 76% of the female GPs did give advice concerning physical activity to their patients while the respective prevalence in men was 33 %. Regarding advice concerning physical activity to patients having non-communicable diseases, 73 % of women GPs always seemed to recommend physical activity for them while the corresponding prevalence in men was 27 %. Around 97 % (n=62) of the female GPs and 93 % (n=25) of male GPs asked their patients about their physical activity pattern; however, this study revealed that only 35 % (n=23) of male and 46 % (n=12) of female GPS were actually familiar with the latest recommendations concerning physical activity. CONCLUSION: No relationship was found between GPs' physical activity level and their counselling in practice concerning physical activity or their current knowledge of the topic. The study showed that GPs stated that physical activity was important for their patients, although few of them engaged in types of physical activity during their leisure-time. There would thus seem to be an urgent need for training GPs in prescribing physical activity at primary healthcare level to increase their patients' involvement in some form of physical activity.

Assuntos

RESUMO

El presente artículo es una colaboración recibida desde Colombia. No sólo tiene importancia por proceder desde fuera del país, sino también porque Colombia es un ejemplo de reforma de salud instrumentada mediante ordenados y progresivos cambios legislativos. Las normas mencionadas en el texto son un ejemplo de esa conducta institucional.

Assuntos

RESUMO

El Departamento de Caldas y en particular la ciudad de Manizales han hecho importantes esfuerzos para lograr una mejor atención en salud de su población estableciendo procesos de descentralización, integración funcional, intersectorialidad, participación ciudadana, campañas de prevención y propiciando la atención primaria en programas comunitarios que benefician los diferentes grupos etáreos de la población. Los esfuerzos anteriores han pérmitido principalmente una mayor cobertura de atención y una mayor provisión de servicios asistenciales predominando el énfasis del componente biomédico y el aspecto curativo de la salud, sobre las acciones de prevención y promoción. La ausencia de estudios cualitativos en la región que informen acerca de los comportamientos de las personas frente a los factores de riesgo que afectan la salud de la comunidad, ha impedido la estructuración lógica y coherente de programas promocionales integrados que respondan a las características de la población, dentro de un contexto participativo, originados, discutidos y reafirmados en la comunidad. La importancia de esta investigación se basa precisamente en la adquisición de la información sobre los conocimientos, creencias, percepciones, actitudes y prácticas de nuestra población frente a la agresión y violencia, tabaquismo y alcoholismo y accidentalidad; al igual que las preferencias por los medios de comunicación para recibir información y educación en salud

Assuntos