RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) frequently involves cardiovascular manifestations such as right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and alterations in pulmonary hemodynamics. We evaluated the application of the critical care ultrasonography ORACLE protocol to identify the most frequent alterations and their influence on adverse outcomes, especially those involving the RV (dilatation and dysfunction). METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 204 adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 admitted at three centers. Echocardiography and lung ultrasound images were acquired on admission using the ORACLE ultrasonography algorithm. RESULTS: Two-hundred and four consecutive patients were evaluated: 22 (11.9%) demonstrated a fractional shortening of < 35%; 33 (17.1%) a tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) of < 17 mm; 26 (13.5%) a tricuspid peak systolic S wave tissue Doppler velocity of < 9.5 cm/sec; 69 (37.5%) a RV basal diameter of > 41 mm; 119 (58.3%) a pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) of > 35 mm Hg; and 14 (11%) a TAPSE/PASP ratio of < .31. The in-hospital mortality rate was 37.6% (n = 71). Multiple logistic regression modeling showed that PASP > 35 mm Hg, RV FS of < 35%, TAPSE < 17 mm, RV S wave < 9.5, and TAPSE/PASP ratio < .31 mm/mm Hg were associated with this outcome. PASP and the TAPSE/PASP ratio had the lowest feasibility of being obtained among the investigators (62.2%). CONCLUSION: The presence of RV dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, and alteration of the RV-arterial coupling conveys an increased risk of in-hospital mortality in patients presenting with COVID-19 upon admission; therefore, searching for these alterations should be routine. These parameters can be obtained quickly and safely with the ORACLE protocol.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Disfunção Ventricular Direita , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Ecocardiografia Doppler , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Artéria Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , SARS-CoV-2 , Disfunção Ventricular Direita/diagnóstico por imagem , Função Ventricular DireitaRESUMO
Resumen La cardiomiopatía de Takotsubo es una entidad caracterizada por disfunción ventricular aguda y transitoria, la cual está generalmente relacionada a un evento desencadenante (estrés emocional o físico) y que, por lo general, se presenta con disfunción sistólica regional del ventrículo izquierdo, aunque hasta en un 30% puede ser biventricular. Según su severidad, en algunos casos puede condicionar choque cardiogénico refractario a manejo con inotrópicos y vasopresores, por lo que para estos casos deben considerarse los dispositivos de asistencia circulatoria. Presentamos el caso de una paciente joven a quien se realizó cambio valvular pulmonar con prótesis biológica, la cual siete semanas posteriores a la cirugía acudió al servicio de urgencias con derrame pericárdico y fisiología de tamponade secundario a síndrome pospericardiotomía. Por tal motivo se le practicó ventana pericárdica, sin embargo durante el transquirúrgico presentó cardiomiopatía de Takotsubo biventricular que le condicionó choque cardiogénico con insuficiencia mitral y tricúspidea severas y refractariedad a tratamiento médico, así como a balón intraaórtico de contrapulsación (BIAC), por lo cual requirió soporte circulatorio con ECMO venoarterial durante 5 días.
Abstract Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is an entity characterized by acute and transient ventricular dysfunction, which is usually related to a triggering event (emotional or physical stress), and usually presents with regional systolic dysfunction of the left ventricle, however up to 30% may be biventricular. Depending on its severity in some cases the disease can condition refractory cardiogenic shock to management with inotropics and vasopressors, so for these cases circulatory assistance devices should be considered. We present the case of a young patient who had pulmonary valve change with biological prosthesis, which seven weeks after surgery went to the emergency department with pericardial effusion and tamponade physiology secondary to postpericardiotomy syndrome. For this reason pericardial window was practiced, however during the procedure she presented biventricular Takotsubo cardiomyopathy which conditioned cardiogenic shock with severe mitral and tricuspid regurgitation, and refractivity to medical treatment as well as intraaortic balloon pump, requiring circulatory support with venoarterial ECMO for 5 days.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea , Cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo/terapiaRESUMO
Background: Bleeding as a complication is associated with poorer results in cardiac surgery. There is increasing evidence that the use of blood products is an independent factor of increased morbidity, mortality, and hospital costs. Dyke et al. established the universal definition of perioperative bleeding (UDPB). This classification is more precise defining mortality in relation to the degree of bleeding. Methods: A descriptive and analytical retrospective study of a database of patients underwent cardiac surgery from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2017, was performed. The primary objective of the study was to look at mortality associated with the degree of bleeding using the UDPB. Results: A total of 918 patients who went to cardiac surgery were obtained. Most of the population was classified as insignificant bleeding class (n = 666, 72.9%), and for massive bleeding the lowest proportion (n = 25, 2.7%). For the primary outcome of 30-day mortality, a significant difference was found between the groups, observing that it increased to a higher degree of bleeding. This was corroborated by multivariate logistic regression analysis that was adjusted to EuroScore II and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) duration, finding an independent association of the bleeding class with 30-day mortality (OR, 95%, 5.82 [2.22-15.26], p = 0.0001). Conclusions: We found that the higher the degree in UDPB was associated with higher mortality independently to EuroScore II and CPB duration for adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Antecedentes: El sangrado como complicación está asociado a peores resultados en cirugía cardiaca. Existe una evidencia cada vez mayor que la transfusión de productos sanguíneos por si solo es un factor independiente de incremento en la morbilidad, mortalidad, y costos hospitalarios. Dyke y colaboradores establecieron la definición universal de sangrado perioperatorio. Esta clasificación es más precisa en definir mortalidad en relación con el grado de sangrado. Material y métodos: Se realizo un estudio descriptivo y analítico de tipo retrospectivo de una base de datos de pacientes que fueron a cirugía cardiaca del 1 enero del 2016 al 31 de diciembre del 2017. El objetivo primario del estudio fue observar la mortalidad asociada con el grado de sangrado utilizando la definición universal de sangrado perioperatorio. Resultados: Se obtuvieron un total de 918 pacientes que fueron a cirugía cardiaca. La mayor parte de la población fue clasificada como clase de sangrado insignificante (n = 666, 72.9%), y para sangrado masivo la menor proporción (n = 25, 2.7%). En el desenlace primario de mortalidad a 30 días se encontró una diferencia significativa entre los grupos, observando que aumentada a mayor clase de sangrado. Esto fue corroborado mediante un análisis multivariado regresión logística que fue ajustado a con EuroScore II y el tiempo de bomba de circulación extracorpórea, encontrando una asociación independiente de la clase de sangrado con mortalidad a 30 días (OR, 95%, 5.82 [2.22-15.26], p = 0.0001). Conclusiones: Encontramos que cuanto mayor era el grado en la UDPB se asociaba con una mayor mortalidad independientemente de EuroScore II y la duración del bypass cardiopulmonar para pacientes adultos sometidos a cirugía cardíaca.
Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/efeitos adversos , Ponte Cardiopulmonar/efeitos adversos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Hemorragia Pós-Operatória/epidemiologia , Idoso , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/métodos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/mortalidade , Ponte Cardiopulmonar/métodos , Ponte Cardiopulmonar/mortalidade , Cuidados Críticos , Bases de Dados Factuais , Feminino , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hemorragia Pós-Operatória/classificação , Hemorragia Pós-Operatória/mortalidade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Terminologia como AssuntoRESUMO
Objetivo: Comparar las tasas de recurrencia de revascularización coronaria (cirugía o intervención coronaria percutánea), nuevo evento isquémico o muerte en pacientes con puentes secuenciales y con puentes simples. Método: Cohortes ambispectivas de pacientes sometidos a cirugía de revascularización coronaria secuencial (n = 111) o simple (n = 145) entre el 1 de enero de 2013 y el 31 de diciembre de 2017. Pacientes mayores de 18 años en un primer procedimiento de revascularización, con circulación extracorpórea. Para el seguimiento se realizó revisión del expediente o comunicación telefónica hasta el 9 de febrero de 2019. Se investigaron los siguientes desenlaces: reintervención por isquemia coronaria, nuevo evento isquémico documentado o muerte atribuida a cardiopatía isquémica; también se obtuvieron curvas de sobrevida. Resultados: La proporción de recurrencia según la técnica quirúrgica no fue estadísticamente diferente: secuencial 6.5% (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 2.6-12.6%) contra simple 4.8% (IC95%: 2-9.7%; p = 0.60; análisis bayesiano BF10 = 0.37; evidencia moderada a no diferencia), todos por nuevo evento isquémico y un fallecimiento por grupo. No hubo diferencias en el tiempo de seguimiento: secuencial 59 meses (IC95%: 56-62) y simple 66 meses (IC95%: 64-68). No encontramos diferencia en las tasas de incidencia de recurrencia: secuencial 1.99 eventos/103 meses-paciente contra simple 1.47 (hazard ratio: 1.34; IC95%: 0.47-3.8; p = 0.58). El tiempo promedio de pinzamiento y de circulación extracorpórea por puente fue menor en el grupo de puentes combinados (41.44 minutos de circulación extracorpórea y 24.69 minutos de pinzamiento/puente) que en el de puentes simples (43 minutos en circulación extracorpórea y 26.4 minutos de pinzamiento/puente) cuando se ajusta al promedio de puentes colocados (simples 2.7 y secuencial 3.25; p < 0.001); sin embargo, no se encontró significancia estadística (p = 0.7). Conclusión: Ambos procedimientos tuvieron una baja incidencia de recurrencia de eventos clínicos, sin diferencias entre las técnicas quirúrgicas. Objective: To compare the recurrence rates of revascularization (redo CABG or PCI), new ischemic event or death in patients with simple grafts and patients with sequential grafts. Method: Study design is an ambispective cohort of patients that underwent CABG by sequential grafting (n = 111) or simple grafting (n = 145) between January 1st, 2013 and December 31st, 2017. Patients had to be 18 years old at the time of surgery, undergoing their first on-pump CABG. The clinical record of every patient was carefully reviewed and patients who had incomplete follow-up in external consultation were contacted by telephone in order to obtain data about ischemia related reintervention (CABG or PCI), new documented ischemic event or death caused by coronary artery disease, Kaplan-Meier estimators were calculated. Results: The proportion of recurrence depending on technique was not statistically different: sequential (6.5% [CI95% 2.6-12.6%] versus simple 4.8% [CI95% 2-9.7%], p = 0.60, Bayesian analysis BF10 = 0.37; moderate evidence to no difference), each one related to new ischemic event and one death per group. There were no differences in follow-up time (sequential 59m [CI95% 56-62] simple 66m [CI95% 64-68]). No difference was found regarding recurrence incidence rates; sequential 1.99 events x 103 months-patient, versus simple 1.47 (HR=1.34; CI95% 0.47-3.8, p = 0.58). Pump and cross-clamping times were lower for sequential technique (41.44 min; 24.69 min respectively) versus simple technique (43 min; 26.4 min respectively) with a p = 0.7 after adjusting to mean grafts per surgery (2.7 simple; 3.25 sequential, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Both techniques had a low incidence of clinical recurrence, without significant differences between procedures.
Assuntos
Ponte de Artéria Coronária/métodos , Isquemia Miocárdica/cirurgia , Revascularização Miocárdica/métodos , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/métodos , Teorema de Bayes , Estudos de Coortes , Seguimentos , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , RecidivaRESUMO
Abstract Background: Bleeding as a complication is associated with poorer results in cardiac surgery. There is increasing evidence that the use of blood products is an independent factor of increased morbidity, mortality, and hospital costs. Dyke et al. established the universal definition of perioperative bleeding (UDPB). This classification is more precise defining mortality in relation to the degree of bleeding. Methods: A descriptive and analytical retrospective study of a database of patients underwent cardiac surgery from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2017, was performed. The primary objective of the study was to look at mortality associated with the degree of bleeding using the UDPB. Results: A total of 918 patients who went to cardiac surgery were obtained. Most of the population was classified as insignificant bleeding class (n = 666, 72.9%), and for massive bleeding the lowest proportion (n = 25, 2.7%). For the primary outcome of 30-day mortality, a significant difference was found between the groups, observing that it increased to a higher degree of bleeding. This was corroborated by multivariate logistic regression analysis that was adjusted to EuroScore II and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) duration, finding an independent association of the bleeding class with 30-day mortality (OR, 95%, 5.82 [2.22-15.26], p = 0.0001). Conclusions: We found that the higher the degree in UDPB was associated with higher mortality independently to EuroScore II and CPB duration for adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Resumen Antecedentes: El sangrado como complicación está asociado a peores resultados en cirugía cardiaca. Existe una evidencia cada vez mayor que la transfusión de productos sanguíneos por si solo es un factor independiente de incremento en la morbilidad, mortalidad, y costos hospitalarios. Dyke y colaboradores establecieron la definición universal de sangrado perioperatorio. Esta clasificación es más precisa en definir mortalidad en relación con el grado de sangrado. Material y métodos: Se realizo un estudio descriptivo y analítico de tipo retrospectivo de una base de datos de pacientes que fueron a cirugía cardiaca del 1 enero del 2016 al 31 de diciembre del 2017. El objetivo primario del estudio fue observar la mortalidad asociada con el grado de sangrado utilizando la definición universal de sangrado perioperatorio. Resultados: Se obtuvieron un total de 918 pacientes que fueron a cirugía cardiaca. La mayor parte de la población fue clasificada como clase de sangrado insignificante (n = 666, 72.9%), y para sangrado masivo la menor proporción (n = 25, 2.7%). En el desenlace primario de mortalidad a 30 días se encontró una diferencia significativa entre los grupos, observando que aumentada a mayor clase de sangrado. Esto fue corroborado mediante un análisis multivariado regresión logística que fue ajustado a con EuroScore II y el tiempo de bomba de circulación extracorpórea, encontrando una asociación independiente de la clase de sangrado con mortalidad a 30 días (OR, 95%, 5.82 [2.22-15.26], p = 0.0001). Conclusiones: Encontramos que cuanto mayor era el grado en la UDPB se asociaba con una mayor mortalidad independientemente de EuroScore II y la duración del bypass cardiopulmonar para pacientes adultos sometidos a cirugía cardíaca.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Ponte Cardiopulmonar/efeitos adversos , Hemorragia Pós-Operatória/epidemiologia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/efeitos adversos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Ponte Cardiopulmonar/métodos , Ponte Cardiopulmonar/mortalidade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Bases de Dados Factuais , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Hemorragia Pós-Operatória/classificação , Cuidados Críticos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/métodos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/mortalidade , México , Terminologia como AssuntoRESUMO
Resumen Objetivo: Comparar las tasas de recurrencia de revascularización coronaria (cirugía o intervención coronaria percutánea), nuevo evento isquémico o muerte en pacientes con puentes secuenciales y con puentes simples. Método: Cohortes ambispectivas de pacientes sometidos a cirugía de revascularización coronaria secuencial (n = 111) o simple (n = 145) entre el 1 de enero de 2013 y el 31 de diciembre de 2017. Pacientes mayores de 18 años en un primer procedimiento de revascularización, con circulación extracorpórea. Para el seguimiento se realizó revisión del expediente o comunicación telefónica hasta el 9 de febrero de 2019. Se investigaron los siguientes desenlaces: reintervención por isquemia coronaria, nuevo evento isquémico documentado o muerte atribuida a cardiopatía isquémica; también se obtuvieron curvas de sobrevida. Resultados: La proporción de recurrencia según la técnica quirúrgica no fue estadísticamente diferente: secuencial 6.5% (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 2.6-12.6%) contra simple 4.8% (IC95%: 2-9.7%; p = 0.60; análisis bayesiano BF10 = 0.37; evidencia moderada a no diferencia), todos por nuevo evento isquémico y un fallecimiento por grupo. No hubo diferencias en el tiempo de seguimiento: secuencial 59 meses (IC95%: 56-62) y simple 66 meses (IC95%: 64-68). No encontramos diferencia en las tasas de incidencia de recurrencia: secuencial 1.99 eventos/103 meses-paciente contra simple 1.47 (hazard ratio: 1.34; IC95%: 0.47-3.8; p = 0.58). El tiempo promedio de pinzamiento y de circulación extracorpórea por puente fue menor en el grupo de puentes combinados (41.44 minutos de circulación extracorpórea y 24.69 minutos de pinzamiento/puente) que en el de puentes simples (43 minutos en circulación extracorpórea y 26.4 minutos de pinzamiento/puente) cuando se ajusta al promedio de puentes colocados (simples 2.7 y secuencial 3.25; p < 0.001); sin embargo, no se encontró significancia estadística (p = 0.7). Conclusión: Ambos procedimientos tuvieron una baja incidencia de recurrencia de eventos clínicos, sin diferencias entre las técnicas quirúrgicas.
Abstract Objective: To compare the recurrence rates of revascularization (redo CABG or PCI), new ischemic event or death in patients with simple grafts and patients with sequential grafts. Method: Study design is an ambispective cohort of patients that underwent CABG by sequential grafting (n = 111) or simple grafting (n = 145) between January 1st, 2013 and December 31st, 2017. Patients had to be 18 years old at the time of surgery, undergoing their first on-pump CABG. The clinical record of every patient was carefully reviewed and patients who had incomplete follow-up in external consultation were contacted by telephone in order to obtain data about ischemia related reintervention (CABG or PCI), new documented ischemic event or death caused by coronary artery disease, Kaplan-Meier estimators were calculated. Results: The proportion of recurrence depending on technique was not statistically different: sequential (6.5% [CI95% 2.6-12.6%] versus simple 4.8% [CI95% 2-9.7%], p = 0.60, Bayesian analysis BF10 = 0.37; moderate evidence to no difference), each one related to new ischemic event and one death per group. There were no differences in follow-up time (sequential 59m [CI95% 56-62] simple 66m [CI95% 64-68]). No difference was found regarding recurrence incidence rates; sequential 1.99 events x 103 months-patient, versus simple 1.47 (HR=1.34; CI95% 0.47-3.8, p = 0.58). Pump and cross-clamping times were lower for sequential technique (41.44 min; 24.69 min respectively) versus simple technique (43 min; 26.4 min respectively) with a p = 0.7 after adjusting to mean grafts per surgery (2.7 simple; 3.25 sequential, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Both techniques had a low incidence of clinical recurrence, without significant differences between procedures.
Assuntos
Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ponte de Artéria Coronária/métodos , Isquemia Miocárdica/cirurgia , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/métodos , Revascularização Miocárdica/métodos , Recidiva , Estudos de Coortes , Seguimentos , Teorema de BayesRESUMO
La cardiomiopatía de Takotsubo es una entidad caracterizada por disfunción ventricular aguda y transitoria, la cual está generalmente relacionada a un evento desencadenante (estrés emocional o físico) y que, por lo general, se presenta con disfunción sistólica regional del ventrículo izquierdo, aunque hasta en un 30% puede ser biventricular. Según su severidad, en algunos casos puede condicionar choque cardiogénico refractario a manejo con inotrópicos y vasopresores, por lo que para estos casos deben considerarse los dispositivos de asistencia circulatoria. Presentamos el caso de una paciente joven a quien se realizó cambio valvular pulmonar con prótesis biológica, la cual siete semanas posteriores a la cirugía acudió al servicio de urgencias con derrame pericárdico y fisiología de tamponade secundario a síndrome pospericardiotomía. Por tal motivo se le practicó ventana pericárdica, sin embargo durante el transquirúrgico presentó cardiomiopatía de Takotsubo biventricular que le condicionó choque cardiogénico con insuficiencia mitral y tricúspidea severas y refractariedad a tratamiento médico, así como a balón intraaórtico de contrapulsación (BIAC), por lo cual requirió soporte circulatorio con ECMO venoarterial durante 5 días.
Assuntos
Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea , Cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo/terapia , Adulto , Feminino , HumanosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by severe lung involvement and hemodynamic alterations. Critical care ultrasonography is vital because it provides real time information for diagnosis and treatment. Suggested protocols for image acquisition and measurements have not yet been evaluated. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at two centers from 1 April 2020 to 30 May 2020 in adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection admitted to the critical care unit. Cardiac and pulmonary evaluations were performed using the ORACLE protocol, specifically designed for this study, to ensure a structured process of image acquisition and limit staff exposure to the infection. RESULTS: Eighty-two consecutively admitted patients were evaluated. Most of the patients were males, with a median age of 56 years, and the most frequent comorbidities were hypertension and type 2 diabetes, and 25% of the patients had severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. The most frequent ultrasonographic findings were elevated pulmonary artery systolic pressure (69.5%), E/e' ratio > 14 (29.3%), and right ventricular dilatation (28%) and dysfunction (26.8%). A high rate of fluid responsiveness (82.9%) was observed. The median score (19 points) on pulmonary ultrasound did not reveal any variation between the groups. Elevated pulmonary artery systolic pressure was associated with higher in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSION: The ORACLE protocol was a feasible, rapid, and safe bedside tool for hemodynamic and respiratory evaluation of patients with COVID-19. Further studies should be performed on the alteration in pulmonary hemodynamics and right ventricular function and its relationship with outcomes.
Assuntos
COVID-19/complicações , COVID-19/fisiopatologia , Cuidados Críticos/métodos , Cardiopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Pneumopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia/métodos , Idoso , Protocolos Clínicos , Estudos Transversais , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Coração/fisiopatologia , Cardiopatias/etiologia , Cardiopatias/fisiopatologia , Hemodinâmica/fisiologia , Humanos , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Pulmão/fisiopatologia , Pneumopatias/etiologia , Pneumopatias/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pandemias , Sistemas Automatizados de Assistência Junto ao Leito , Ultrassonografia/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyse hospital mortality in patients subjected to cardiac surgery in Mexico during the year 2015, and identify the mortality risks factors, and its correlation with days of hospital stay in the cardiovascular intensive care unit. METHOD: The database of Cardiovascular Intensive Care of the National Institute of Cardiology was examined for this cases and controls study that included only adult patients subjected to cardiac surgery during the year 2015. RESULTS: A total of 571 patients were subjected to a surgical procedure. The predominant indication was single or multiple valve replacement surgery, followed by coronary revascularisation surgery, and correction of adult congenital heart disease. Overall mortality was 9.2, and 8% died in intensive care. The main risk factors for death were preoperative organ failure or pulmonary hypertension, and prolonged time with extracorporeal circulation. The primary cause of death was secondary to cardiogenic shock. The hospital mortality observed in this population was higher for patients undergoing pulmonary thromboendarterectomy, complex aortic disease surgery, and valvular surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The mortality of patients undergoing cardiac surgery in Mexico differs slightly from that reported in the world literature, primarily because there were more multivalvular surgeries and mixed complex procedures performed.
Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/métodos , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/mortalidade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/estatística & dados numéricos , Bases de Dados Factuais , Endarterectomia/métodos , Endarterectomia/mortalidade , Feminino , Cardiopatias Congênitas/cirurgia , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Choque Cardiogênico/epidemiologia , Choque Cardiogênico/mortalidadeRESUMO
Resumen Objetivo: Analizar las causas de mortalidad hospitalaria de pacientes operados de cirugía cardiaca en México en el año 2015. Identificar los factores de riesgo de mortalidad y realizar una correlación con el tiempo de estancia hospitalaria en terapia intensiva cardiovascular. Método: Estudio de casos y controles. Se estudió la base de datos de la Terapia Intensiva Cardiovascular del Instituto Nacional de Cardiología. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes adultos operados de cirugía cardiaca en el año 2015. Resultados: Se operaron 571 pacientes. La indicación quirúrgica predominante fue la cirugía de cambio valvular único o múltiple, seguida de la cirugía de revascularización coronaria y corrección de cardiopatías congénitas del adulto. La mortalidad global fue de un 9.2% y el 8% falleció en terapia intensiva. Los principales factores de riesgo de muerte fueron la presencia de falla orgánica o hipertensión pulmonar prequirúrgica, y el tiempo prolongado de circulación extracorpórea. La principal causa de muerte fue el choque cardiogénico. La mortalidad hospitalaria observada en esta población fue mayor para los operados de tromboendarterectomía pulmonar, cirugía de enfermedad aórtica compleja y cirugía valvular. Conclusiones: La mortalidad de los pacientes operados de cirugía cardiaca en México difiere levemente de la reportada en la literatura mundial porque se trata mayormente de cirugía multivalvular y de procedimientos quirúrgicos mixtos complejos.
Abstract Objective: To analyse hospital mortality in patients subjected to cardiac surgery in Mexico during the year 2015, and identify the mortality risks factors, and its correlation with days of hospital stay in the cardiovascular intensive care unit. Method: The database of Cardiovascular Intensive Care of the National Institute of Cardiology was examined for this cases and controls study that included only adult patients subjected to cardiac surgery during the year 2015. Results: A total of 571 patients were subjected to a surgical procedure. The predominant indication was single or multiple valve replacement surgery, followed by coronary revascularisation surgery, and correction of adult congenital heart disease. Overall mortality was 9.2, and 8% died in intensive care. The main risk factors for death were preoperative organ failure or pulmo- nary hypertension, and prolonged time with extracorporeal circulation. The primary cause of death was secondary to cardiogenic shock. The hospital mortality observed in this population was higher for patients undergoing pulmonary thromboendarterectomy, complex aortic disease surgery, and valvular surgery. Conclusions: The mortality of patients undergoing cardiac surgery in Mexico differs slightly from that reported in the world literature, primarily because there were more multivalvular surgeries and mixed complex procedures performed.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/métodos , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Choque Cardiogênico/mortalidade , Choque Cardiogênico/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Bases de Dados Factuais , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/estatística & dados numéricos , Endarterectomia/métodos , Endarterectomia/mortalidade , Cardiopatias Congênitas/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/mortalidade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/estatística & dados numéricos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , México/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Abstract Objective Identify risk factors that determine pneumonia development in patients who have undergone cardiac surgery. Methods Prospective study of a single cohort in a postoperative intensive care unit at a tertiary care center, encompassing all patients undergoing cardiac surgery from January to July 2014. Results 31 postoperative pneumonia cases were enrolled out of 211 patients (14.6%). The following independent risk factors were identified: hypertension (OR: 3.94, p = 0.01), chronic renal failure (OR: 13.67, p = 0.02), reintubation (OR: 22.29, p = 0.001) and extubation after 6 h (OR: 15.81, p = 0.005). Conclusions Main determinants for pneumonia after surgery were hypertension, chronic renal failure, extubation after 6 h and reintubation.
Resumen Objetivo Identificar los factores de riesgo para desarrollar neumonía en el periodo postquirúrgico de pacientes sometidos a cirugía cardiaca. Método Estudio de cohorte prospectiva que incluye pacientes > 18 años sometidos a cirugía cardiaca de enero a julio de 2014, en el Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México D.F. Se considera un valor de p < 0.05 como significativo. Resultados De un total de 211 pacientes operados, se diagnosticaron 31 casos de neumonía postquirúrgica (14.6%). Se identificaron los siguientes factores de riesgo independientes para desarrollar neumonía: la hipertensión arterial sistémica (OR: 3.94, p = 0.01), el antecedente de insuficiencia renal crónica (OR: 13.67, p = 0.02). La reintubación (OR: 22.29, p = 0.001) y permanecer intubado por más de 6 horas (OR: 15.81, p = 0.005). Conclusiones Los principales factores de riesgo independientes para desarrollar neumonía en el periodo postquirúrgico son la preexistencia de hipertensión arterial sistémica o insuficiencia renal crónica, la reintubación y permanecer intubado durante más de 6 h.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Bacteriana/epidemiologia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Estudos de CoortesRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Identify risk factors that determine pneumonia development in patients who have undergone cardiac surgery. METHODS: Prospective study of a single cohort in a postoperative intensive care unit at a tertiary care center, encompassing all patients undergoing cardiac surgery from January to July 2014. RESULTS: 31 postoperative pneumonia cases were enrolled out of 211 patients (14.6%). The following independent risk factors were identified: hypertension (OR: 3.94, p=0.01), chronic renal failure (OR: 13.67, p=0.02), reintubation (OR: 22.29, p=0.001) and extubation after 6h (OR: 15.81, p=0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Main determinants for pneumonia after surgery were hypertension, chronic renal failure, extubation after 6h and reintubation.
Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Pneumonia Bacteriana/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Se investigó la utilidad del poder cardíaco como unaherramienta más para determinar si existe algúnimpacto en la sobrevida en aquellos pacientes queson sometidos a cirugía de revascularizacióncoronaria bajo circulación extracorpórea.la fase pre-quirúrgica, la media del poder1Objetivos: Determinar si el poder cardíaco es unfactor pronóstico de morbilidad, mortalidad yeventos cardiovasculares mayores en el postoperatorioinmediato de cirugía de revascularización coronariabajo circulación extracorpórea. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo,descriptivo y transvesal en una serie decasos. Resultados: Se analizaron 59 pacientes. Encardíaco fue de 0.78 watts, con una desviaciónestándar de 0.25. En fase postquirúrgica inmediatael poder cardíaco promedio fue 0.84 watts. En el15% éste fue menor de 0.7 watts a las 12 horas; el 62%de estos tuvo una estancia hospitalaria mayorde 3 días asociada a complicaciones cardíacas. Conclusiones:Un poder cardíaco igual omayor de 0.7 watt a 12 horas del postoperatoriopredice una evaluación favorable a corto plazo,con una alta especificidad (94%), sin eventosadversos, y una menor estancia hospitalaria...
Assuntos
Humanos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Isquemia Miocárdica/complicações , Revascularização Miocárdica/métodosRESUMO
Heart failure is one of the most prevalent diseases in industrialized countries in especial persons more 65 years. In the last 2 decades new therapies have been investigated and first time it had improved quality of life and survival. However, up to 30% of the patients with advanced heart failure present disturbances in inter and intraventricular conduction, and this produces asynchrony or dyssynchrony of ventricular contractility, leading to further deterioration in heart function. Cardiac resynchronization therapy can improve the synchrony of ventricular contractility. Numerous studies have demonstrated the benefits of biventricular stimulation therapy for improving hemodynamic parameters, quality of life, 6- minute walking test performance and functional class in patients with heart failure, ventricular systolic dysfunction and disturbances in intraventricular conduction. Around 30% of patient do not respond to resynchronization therapy. There is a poor correlation between QRS interval and mechanical asynchrony. Echocardiography is better at assessing mechanical asynchrony than QRS interval measurement. The aim of this article was to review the different techniques echocardiography's to guide in the selection patients who benefice of resynchronization therapy.
Assuntos
Estimulação Cardíaca Artificial , Ecocardiografia/métodos , Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapia , Idoso , Ecocardiografia Doppler , Ecocardiografia Doppler de Pulso , Eletrocardiografia/métodos , Sistema de Condução Cardíaco/fisiopatologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico por imagem , Insuficiência Cardíaca/mortalidade , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Marca-Passo Artificial , Seleção de Pacientes , Qualidade de Vida , Resultado do Tratamento , Disfunção Ventricular/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
The purpose of this study is to calculate non invasivelly left ventricular systolic wall stress by echocardiography in patients with primary heart failure, and compare the results with those obtained in parients with overloaded heart failure, diastolic dysfunction by Inapropiatte hypertrophy, with normal ejection fraction and people with normal heart, there stablish the value of the results in clinical settings. We studied 33 patients with heart failure by dilated cardiomyopathy. There was no significant association between the systolic wall stress and the ejection fraction, fractional shortening, dp/dt or left ventricular mass in this group of study. There was a significant association between systolic h/r ratio and the systolic wall stress. This study shows that in primary heart failure the afterload increases and has inverse relationship with ejection fraction (r = 0.86); but, when heart failure obey to an excessive overload exists an exquisite inverse relationship between systolic wall stress and ejection fraction (r = 0.93). The excessive hypertrophy (Inappropriate) reduces the systolic wall stress but causes diastolic dysfunction. The increase of systolic wall stress in Aortic regurgitation with normal ventricular performance is responsible of adequate left ventricular hypertrophy, by other means, in mitral insufficiency the presence of low or normal systolic wall The purpose of this study is to calculate non invasivelly left ventricular systolic wall stress by echocardiography in patients with primary heart failure, and compare the results with those obtained in parients with overloaded heart failure, diastolic dysfunction by Inapropiatte hypertrophy, with normal ejection fraction and people with normal heart, there stablish the value of the results in clinical settings. We studied 33 patients with heart failure by dilated cardiomyopathy. There was no significant association between the systolic wall stress and the ejection fraction, fractional shortening, dp/dt or left ventricular mass in this group of study. There was a significant association between systolic h/r ratio and the systolic wall stress. This study shows that in primary heart failure the afterload increases and has inverse relationship with ejection fraction (r = 0.86); but, when heart failure obey to an excessive overload exists an exquisite inverse relationship between systolic wall stress and ejection fraction (r = 0.93). The excessive hypertrophy (Inappropriate) reduces the systolic wall stress but causes diastolic dysfunction. The increase of systolic wall stress in Aortic regurgitation with normal ventricular performance is responsible of adequate left ventricular hypertrophy, by other means, in mitral insufficiency the presence of low or normal systolic wall stress does not induce left ventricular hypertrophy, then diameter increases and the hypertrophy is inadequate, despite this, left ventricular function is normal.
Assuntos
Insuficiência Cardíaca Sistólica/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Estresse Mecânico , Sístole , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
Heart failure is one of the most prevalent diseases in industrialized countries in especial persons more 65 years. In the last 2 decades new therapies have been investigated and first time it had improved quality of life and survival. However, up to 30% of the patients with advanced heart failure present disturbances in inter and intraventricular conduction, and this produces asynchrony or dyssynchrony of ventricular contractility, leading to further deterioration in heart function. Cardiac resynchronization therapy can improve the synchrony of ventricular contractility. Numerous studies have demonstrated the benefits of biventricular stimulation therapy for improving hemodynamic parameters, quality of life, 6- minute walking test performance and functional class in patients with heart failure, ventricular systolic dysfunction and disturbances in intraventricular conduction. Around 30% of patient do not respond to resynchronization therapy. There is a poor correlation between QRS interval and mechanical asynchrony. Echocardiography is better at assessing mechanical asynchrony than QRS interval measurement. The aim of this article was to review the different techniques echocardiography's to guide in the selection patients who benefice of resynchronization therapy.
Assuntos
Idoso , Humanos , Estimulação Cardíaca Artificial , Ecocardiografia/métodos , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Ecocardiografia Doppler , Ecocardiografia Doppler de Pulso , Eletrocardiografia/métodos , Sistema de Condução Cardíaco , Insuficiência Cardíaca/mortalidade , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Marca-Passo Artificial , Seleção de Pacientes , Qualidade de Vida , Resultado do Tratamento , Disfunção VentricularRESUMO
The purpose of this study is to calculate non invasivelly left ventricular systolic wall stress by echocardiography in patients with primary heart failure, and compare the results with those obtained in parients with overloaded heart failure, diastolic dysfunction by Inapropiatte hypertrophy, with normal ejection fraction and people with normal heart, there stablish the value of the results in clinical settings. We studied 33 patients with heart failure by dilated cardiomyopathy. There was no significant association between the systolic wall stress and the ejection fraction, fractional shortening, dp/dt or left ventricular mass in this group of study. There was a significant association between systolic h/r ratio and the systolic wall stress. This study shows that in primary heart failure the afterload increases and has inverse relationship with ejection fraction (r = 0.86); but, when heart failure obey to an excessive overload exists an exquisite inverse relationship between systolic wall stress and ejection fraction (r = 0.93). The excessive hypertrophy (Inappropriate) reduces the systolic wall stress but causes diastolic dysfunction. The increase of systolic wall stress in Aortic regurgitation with normal ventricular performance is responsible of adequate left ventricular hypertrophy, by other means, in mitral insufficiency the presence of low or normal systolic wall The purpose of this study is to calculate non invasivelly left ventricular systolic wall stress by echocardiography in patients with primary heart failure, and compare the results with those obtained in parients with overloaded heart failure, diastolic dysfunction by Inapropiatte hypertrophy, with normal ejection fraction and people with normal heart, there stablish the value of the results in clinical settings. We studied 33 patients with heart failure by dilated cardiomyopathy. There was no significant association between the systolic wall stress and the ejection fraction, fractional shortening, dp/dt or left ventricular mass in this group of study. There was a significant association between systolic h/r ratio and the systolic wall stress. This study shows that in primary heart failure the afterload increases and has inverse relationship with ejection fraction (r = 0.86); but, when heart failure obey to an excessive overload exists an exquisite inverse relationship between systolic wall stress and ejection fraction (r = 0.93). The excessive hypertrophy (Inappropriate) reduces the...