RESUMO
ABSTRACT: Healthy cattle are considered the main reservoir of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains, so in some places in the world, products derived from beef are the most common source for disease outbreaks caused by these bacteria. Therefore, to guarantee that the beef produced by our slaughterhouses is safe, there is a need for continuous monitoring of these bacteria. In this study, 215 beef cuts were evaluated, including chilled vacuum-packed striploins (151 samples), rib eyes (30 samples), and knuckles (34 samples), from March to June 2018. These meat samples were collected from the slaughter of unconfined cattle, being arbitrarily collected from eight meat processing companies in São Paulo state, Brazil. Each sample was examined for the presence of STEC toxin type (stx1 and/or stx2 genes) and also the attaching and effacing E. coli (eae) gene, determined by a multiplex PCR assay. We show that the major seven STEC strains (O serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145, and O157) are not detected in any of the analyzed beef cut samples; however, three of them presented the virulence eae gene. Therefore, the absence of STEC strains in the beef samples may be an indication of the low prevalence of this pathogen in the cattle herd on the farm, associated with good hygiene and handling practices adopted by the meat industry.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Escherichia coli , Escherichia coli Shiga Toxigênica , Matadouros , Animais , Brasil , Bovinos , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/genética , Carne/microbiologia , Sorogrupo , Escherichia coli Shiga Toxigênica/genéticaRESUMO
In this study, the probiotic potential of five bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains, isolated from meat products, was investigated. They were presumptively identified as Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris CTC 204 and CTC 483, L. lactis subsp. hordinae CTC 484, and Lactobacillus plantarum CTC 368 and CTC 469 according to morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics. Analysis of genetic variability (random amplified polymorphic (RAPD)-PCR) and whole-cell proteins (SDS-PAGE) revealed similarity between Lactobacillus strains and variability among Lactococcus strains. The evaluation of the probiotic potential showed that the five LAB strains were tolerant to pH 2.0, and only strain CTC 469 was tolerant to the lowest concentration of the bile salts evaluated (0.1%). All strains showed survival or growth ability at 4, 25, and 37 °C, and tolerance at - 20 °C. Although strain CTC 204 in TSB Broth supplemented with MgSO4 showed the highest intensity of biofilm production, this compound was produced by all of them. The safety assessment showed that no thermonuclease, hemolytic, or gelatinase activities were detected. All strains were resistant to erythromycin and sensitive to amoxicillin and phenoxymethylpenicillin; furthermore, CTC 204 was resistant to chloramphenicol, CTC 368 and CTC 469 to chloramphenicol and vancomycin, CTC 483 to tetracycline and vancomycin, and CTC 484 to clindamycin and chloramphenicol. The evaluated strains showed biogenic amine production; the lowest levels were produced by CTC 204 and CTC 368 strains. It was concluded that CTC 204 and CTC 368 strains have the greatest potential for becoming probiotics.
Assuntos
Bacteriocinas/biossíntese , Lactobacillales/isolamento & purificação , Lactobacillales/metabolismo , Produtos da Carne/microbiologia , Probióticos/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Aminas Biogênicas/metabolismo , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Lactobacillales/efeitos dos fármacos , Lactobacillales/genética , Probióticos/classificação , Probióticos/metabolismo , Técnica de Amplificação ao Acaso de DNA PolimórficoRESUMO
This study evaluates the potential of using non-irradiated barrier-shrink bags containing ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH), polyamide (PA) and ethylene ionomer in their structures to preserve vacuum-packaged fresh beef as an alternative to traditional gamma-ray cross-linked bags containing polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC). Boneless beef rib eye roll cuts were vacuum-packed in an industrial processing plant using EVOH 44% mol, EVOH 32% mol and a control PVDC barrier shrink bags. The cuts were evaluated during storage at 0.5°C. The EVOH films presented similar performance compared to control PVDC barrier shrink bags related to bacteria growth and purge loss. Packages with EVOH 32% mol film presented better performance than control bag with respect to the meat sensorial attributes, including fewer bubbles and better adhesion. EVOH 44% mol bags presented the highest rate of colour loss. The EVOH 32% mol non-irradiated and chlorine-free film is as effective for the preservation of fresh beef as traditional PVDC-irradiated shrink bags.
Assuntos
Embalagem de Alimentos/instrumentação , Conservação de Alimentos/métodos , Carne Vermelha/análise , Adulto , Animais , Bovinos , Cloro/análise , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Cor , Comportamento do Consumidor , Enterobacteriaceae/isolamento & purificação , Etilenos/química , Feminino , Contaminação de Alimentos , Irradiação de Alimentos , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Conservantes de Alimentos/análise , Armazenamento de Alimentos , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Lactobacillus/isolamento & purificação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nylons/química , Polivinil/química , Pseudomonas/isolamento & purificação , Carne Vermelha/microbiologia , Paladar , Vácuo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Um total de 285 amostras de carnes e produtos cárneos foi avaliado para detecção de culturas produtoras de bacteriocinas pelo método do "sanduíche". A partir de 174 destas amostras, 813 linhagens de bactérias lácticas com atividade inibitória sobre Staphylococcus aureus CTC 033 e/ou Listeria innocua Lin 11 foram isoladas. Quando examinadas pelo método de antagonismo simultâneo em poços, 128 destas linhagens inibiram o crescimento dos microrganismos indicadores. O espectro de atividade das linhagens isoladas foi avaliado com diversos microrganismos Gram-positivos e Gram-negativos. De um modo geral, S. aureus foi o microrganismo indicador mais sensível, enquanto Enterococcus faecalis e Lactobacillus plantarum foram os mais resistentes. Todos os compostos antimicrobianos produzidos pelas bactérias lácticas testadas foram completa ou parcialmente inativados por enzimas proteolíticas, o que indica sua natureza protéica. A atividade antimicrobiana das bacteriocinas produzidas pelas linhagens de bactérias lácticas isoladas neste trabalho pode atuar como uma barreira potencial para inibir o crescimento de bactérias deterioradoras e patogênicas de origem alimentar.
Assuntos
Bovinos , Bactérias , Bacteriocinas , Carne , MétodosRESUMO
A total of 285 samples of meat and meat products were evaluated for the presence of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria by the "sandwich" test. From 174 of these samples, 813 strains of lactic acid bacteria were isolated. They were able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus CTC 33 and/or Listeria innocua Lin 11. When evaluated by the well-diffusion assay, 128 of these strains inhibited the growth of the indicator strains. The inhibitory spectra of activity of the isolates were evaluated against a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative test organisms. S. aureus was the most sensitive indicator tested, whereas Enterococcus faecalis and Lactobacillus plantarum were the most resistant ones. All the compounds produced by the lactic acid bacteria were fully or partially inactivated by some of the proteolytic enzymes, which indicates their proteinaceous nature. The antimicrobial activity of the bacteriocins produced by the lactic acid bacteria isolated in this work could act as a potential barrier to inhibit the growth of spoilage bacteria and foodborne pathogens.
Um total de 285 amostras de carnes e produtos cárneos foi avaliado para detecção de culturas produtoras de bacteriocinas pelo método do "sanduíche". A partir de 174 destas amostras, 813 linhagens de bactérias lácticas com atividade inibitória sobre Staphylococcus aureus CTC 033 e/ou Listeria innocua Lin 11 foram isoladas. Quando examinadas pelo método de antagonismo simultâneo em poços, 128 destas linhagens inibiram o crescimento dos microrganismos indicadores. O espectro de atividade das linhagens isoladas foi avaliado com diversos microrganismos Gram-positivos e Gram-negativos. De um modo geral, S. aureus foi o microrganismo indicador mais sensível, enquanto Enterococcus faecalis e Lactobacillus plantarum foram os mais resistentes. Todos os compostos antimicrobianos produzidos pelas bactérias lácticas testadas foram completa ou parcialmente inativados por enzimas proteolíticas, o que indica sua natureza protéica. A atividade antimicrobiana das bacteriocinas produzidas pelas linhagens de bactérias lácticas isoladas neste trabalho pode atuar como uma barreira potencial para inibir o crescimento de bactérias deterioradoras e patogênicas de origem alimentar.
RESUMO
A total of 285 samples of meat and meat products were evaluated for the presence of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria by the "sandwich" test. From 174 of these samples, 813 strains of lactic acid bacteria were isolated. They were able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus CTC 33 and/or Listeria innocua Lin 11. When evaluated by the well-diffusion assay, 128 of these strains inhibited the growth of the indicator strains. The inhibitory spectra of activity of the isolates were evaluated against a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative test organisms. S. aureus was the most sensitive indicator tested, whereas Enterococcus faecalis and Lactobacillus plantarum were the most resistant ones. All the compounds produced by the lactic acid bacteria were fully or partially inactivated by some of the proteolytic enzymes, which indicates their proteinaceous nature. The antimicrobial activity of the bacteriocins produced by the lactic acid bacteria isolated in this work could act as a potential barrier to inhibit the growth of spoilage bacteria and foodborne pathogens.
Um total de 285 amostras de carnes e produtos cárneos foi avaliado para detecção de culturas produtoras de bacteriocinas pelo método do "sanduíche". A partir de 174 destas amostras, 813 linhagens de bactérias lácticas com atividade inibitória sobre Staphylococcus aureus CTC 033 e/ou Listeria innocua Lin 11 foram isoladas. Quando examinadas pelo método de antagonismo simultâneo em poços, 128 destas linhagens inibiram o crescimento dos microrganismos indicadores. O espectro de atividade das linhagens isoladas foi avaliado com diversos microrganismos Gram-positivos e Gram-negativos. De um modo geral, S. aureus foi o microrganismo indicador mais sensível, enquanto Enterococcus faecalis e Lactobacillus plantarum foram os mais resistentes. Todos os compostos antimicrobianos produzidos pelas bactérias lácticas testadas foram completa ou parcialmente inativados por enzimas proteolíticas, o que indica sua natureza protéica. A atividade antimicrobiana das bacteriocinas produzidas pelas linhagens de bactérias lácticas isoladas neste trabalho pode atuar como uma barreira potencial para inibir o crescimento de bactérias deterioradoras e patogênicas de origem alimentar.