RESUMO
The present is a longitudinal study that describes the abundance of Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) and its infection with Trypanosoma cruzi in a rural community of Yucatan, Mexico. From a total of 370 individuals collected, 81.3% were adults, most from intradomicile ecotope (282/301), but nymphs were more abundant in peridomicile (58/69). The overall proportion of infected bugs was 21.9% (23.9% of adults and 13% of nymphs). The infection proportion was similar between intradomicile and peridomicile ecotopes (22.8% and 18.1%, respectively). Overall, 76.5% (36/47) of the houses and their backyards were infested. Of those, 27.7% were colonized and 75% had infected triatomines. Our data showed different proportions on infestation, colonization and bug density. Ninety-seven percent of overall peridomicile abundance was distributed in chicken coops, doghouses, opossum nests and dove cages. Triatomine entomological indices showed higher infestation and density inside domiciles, but higher colonization in the peridomicile. The abundance, the amount of infected intradomicile adult T. dimidiata and the incidence of infestation showed a seasonal pattern, with 63.7% of all individuals collected during the late dry season (April to June). We showed the peridomicile colonization of animal shelters and suggest it as a relevant source of T. dimidiata individuals. As infected bugs were found in both ecotopes, the studied area is under a high risk of T. cruzi transmission to humans.
Assuntos
Triatoma/parasitologia , Trypanosoma cruzi/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Feminino , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , México , Dinâmica Populacional , Saúde da População Rural , Análise Espaço-TemporalRESUMO
Numerous studies have shown the role of dogs as a reservoir for the American trypanosomiasis, as the bridge connecting sylvatic and peridomestic cycles. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of American trypanosomiasis in the dog population (630 sera) from seven localities in the Yucatan Peninsula (city of Mérida and the towns of Molas, Playa del Carmen, Akumal, Xcalacoop, Xcalac and Xahuachol). These data are key for developing control measures for the disease. The sera were analysed to detect antibodies against Trypanosoma cruzi, using Fe-SOD excreted as the antigenic fraction by ELISA and Western blot as confirmation. The total prevalence found in the Yucatan Peninsula was some 14.76%, with 10.74% in the state of Yucatan (city of Mérida, towns of Molas and Xcalacoop) and 21.34% in the state of Quintana Roo (towns of Playa del Carmen, Akumal, Xcalac and Xahuachol). However, a more thorough epidemiological study of the dog population, both wild and urban, in the Yucatan Peninsula will be required to design a control strategy for these diseases, paying particular attention to the population affected and even broadening the study to other Mexican states as well as neighbouring countries. These results again confirm that iron-superoxide dismutase excreted by T. cruzi constitutes a good source of antigen for serodiagnosis in epidemiological studies.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Antígenos de Protozoários/imunologia , Doença de Chagas/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/imunologia , Superóxido Dismutase/imunologia , Trypanosoma cruzi/metabolismo , Animais , Western Blotting/veterinária , Doença de Chagas/sangue , Doença de Chagas/imunologia , Doenças do Cão/sangue , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Cães , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , México/epidemiologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Trypanosoma cruzi/imunologiaRESUMO
Canine Leishmaniasis is widespread in various Mexican states, where different species of Leishmania have been isolated from dogs. In the present study, we describe the detection of L. braziliensis, L. infantum, and L. mexicana in serum of dogs from the states of Yucatan and Quintana Roo in the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico). A total of 412 sera were analyzed by ELISA using the total extract of the parasite and the iron superoxide dismutase excreted by different trypanosomatids as antigens. We found the prevalence of L. braziliensis to be 7.52%, L. infantum to be 6.07%, and L. mexicana to be 20.63%, in the dog population studied. The results obtained with ELISA using iron superoxide dismutase as the antigen were confirmed by western blot analysis with its greater sensitivity, and the agreement between the two techniques was very high.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Protozoários/sangue , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Leishmania/patogenicidade , Leishmaniose/veterinária , Animais , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Western Blotting , Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Coinfecção/parasitologia , Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Cães , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Leishmania/enzimologia , Leishmania/imunologia , Leishmania/isolamento & purificação , Leishmaniose/epidemiologia , Leishmaniose/parasitologia , México/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Superóxido Dismutase/sangueRESUMO
We investigated whether the infection with Trypanosoma cruzi in rats could produce functional alterations of the central nervous system. The experimental group received an injection of 150,000 trypomastigotes / rat, whereas the control group received a saline injection. Spontaneous alternation behavior (SAB) tests and sleep-wake cycle recordings were obtained at the end of the parasitaemia. Results showed that the infected animals had significant sleep impairments, as denoted by an increase in the number of wake periods and a reduction of rapid eye movement sleep amount. SAB performance was also found to be impaired in these animals, as compared to the control group. Our results suggest that the rat is a suitable model for brain dysfunction studies in Chagas' disease.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Encéfalo/parasitologia , Doença de Chagas/complicações , Transtornos da Memória/parasitologia , Neurônios/parasitologia , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/parasitologia , Trypanosoma cruzi/patogenicidade , Animais , Encéfalo/patologia , Doença de Chagas/patologia , Doença de Chagas/fisiopatologia , Fibras Colinérgicas/parasitologia , Fibras Colinérgicas/patologia , Região Hipotalâmica Lateral/parasitologia , Região Hipotalâmica Lateral/patologia , Região Hipotalâmica Lateral/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/fisiologia , Transtornos da Memória/patologia , Transtornos da Memória/fisiopatologia , NADPH Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Neurônios/patologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Núcleos Septais/parasitologia , Núcleos Septais/patologia , Núcleos Septais/fisiopatologia , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/patologia , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/fisiopatologia , Tegmento Mesencefálico/parasitologia , Tegmento Mesencefálico/patologia , Tegmento Mesencefálico/fisiopatologia , Trypanosoma cruzi/fisiologiaRESUMO
Para determinar a infeccao pelo Trypanosoma cruzi em mamiferos em Yucatan, Mexico, foram estudados 372 animais selvagens e sinantropicos incluindo carnivoros, marsupiais e roedores. Estudos sorologicos pela hemaglutinacao indireta (IHA) foram realizados para detectar anticorpos contra o T. cruzi e estudos parasitologicos (esfregacos de sangue e histopatologia). De todos os animais testados 18,54 por cento foram sorologicamente positivos com frequencia significativamente maior entre os silvestres (33,3 por cento) em comparacao com os sinantropicos (11,79 por cento). Para determinacao do T. cruzi nos animais positivos, o sangue foi inoculado em camundongos brancos (tipo Webster) para provar a colonizacao miocardica. Atraves da sua positividade sorologica e parasitologica, bem como seu comportamento no meio ambiente acompanhado pelas caracteristicas sociais, economicas e culturais da populacao, deduz-se que em Yucatan, Mexico, Canis familiaris, Didelphis marsupialis e Rattus rattus atuam como ligacao com o ciclo selvagem
Assuntos
Animais , Camundongos , Doença de Chagas/epidemiologia , Animais Selvagens , Doença de Chagas/parasitologia , Doença de Chagas/sangue , Mamíferos/parasitologia , México , Zoonoses/parasitologiaRESUMO
In order to determine Trypanosoma cruzi infection among mammals in Yucatan, Mexico, 372 animals, both wild and synanthropic including carnivores, marsupials and rodents were studied. Serological studies by indirect haemagglutination (IHA) were carried out to detect antibodies to T. cruzi and a parasitological study was also performed (blood smear and histopathology). Of all the animals tested 18.54% were serologically positive, with a significantly higher frequency among the wild ones (33.33%) compared to the synanthropic ones (17.79%). To determine T. cruzi in positive animals, blood was inoculated into a white mouse (webster type) to prove myocardium colonization. The serological and parasitological positivity of these animals, as well as their behavior in the environment, taken together with the socioeconomic and cultural characteristics of the population, suggest that in Yucatan, Mexico, Canis familiaris, Didelphis marsupialis and Rattus rattus act as a link with the wild cycle.
Assuntos
Doença de Chagas/veterinária , Mamíferos/parasitologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Doença de Chagas/sangue , Doença de Chagas/imunologia , Mamíferos/imunologia , México , Camundongos , Ratos , Trypanosoma cruzi/imunologia , Trypanosoma cruzi/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of cardiopathy due to Chagas' disease in 36 patients of the cardiology department at the Regional General Hospital O'Horan in Merida, Yucatan. All patients included in the study had cardiac involvement compatible with acute or chronic stages of Chagas' disease. Medical records prepared for each one of the patients included a Chagas' disease targeted clinical history, chest X-ray, electrocardiogram, blood culture and serology using indirect immunofluorescence test. Out of the 36 patients studied, 7 were diagnosed as having Chagas' disease cardiopathy. Grade II cardiomegaly was established in 2 patients while the remaining 5 had grade III cardiomegaly. Conduction abnormalities were established in 6 patients while 2 of these had evidence of necrosis and/or ischemia. Chagas' disease cardiopathy, as our results suggest, is not a rare event in the cardiology ward at the O'Horan Hospital.
Assuntos
Cardiomiopatia Chagásica/epidemiologia , Cardiomiopatia Chagásica/diagnóstico , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Hospitais Gerais , Humanos , México , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
The relationship between abortion and infection by Toxoplasma gondii was analyzed in 100 cases of spontaneous abortions, 51 of which corresponded to single abortions and 49 to cases with a history of repeated abortions. The Sabin-Feldman test was used for the detection of specific antibodies. Parasites were identified and isolated in the aborted material; sections were stained by Hematoxilin-Eosin, processed for indirect immunofluorescence and inoculated into mice. Antibodies to Toxoplasma were detected in 47 percent of the total study population. Positive identification of parasites in the decidua and corionic villae was established in 2 percent of the patients studied. Parasites could only be isolated in one of these patients. Both cases belonged to the group with positive serology and antibody titers of 1:64 and 1:128, and having experienced a single abortion. There was no significant statistical difference with regard to antibody titers between the single abortion and repeated abortion groups. Our results indicate an important causative relationship between toxoplasmosis and abortions in Mérida, Yucatán, México.
Assuntos
Aborto Espontâneo/etiologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez , Toxoplasmose/complicações , Aborto Habitual/etiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/análise , Feminino , Hospitais Gerais , Humanos , México , Gravidez , Primeiro Trimestre da Gravidez , Toxoplasma/imunologia , Toxoplasmose/patologiaRESUMO
Se presenta el primer caso de Esporotricosis en el Estado de Yucatan. Se trata de paciente masculino de 40 anos de edad, nacido y radicado en Chunchucmil, municipio de Maxcanu, Yucatan, Mexico y de ocupacion agricultor.Presento una forma linfatica cutanea en la extremidad superior derecha cuyo inicio se debio a una lesion penetrante con una espina de penca de benequen a nivel de dorso de la base del dedo anular de la mano derecha. El diagnostico se corroboro micologicamente y el tratamiento con yoduro de potasio fue satisfactorio