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Galactoglucomannan (GGM) is the predominant hemicellulose in coniferous trees, such as Norway spruce, and has been used as a multipurpose emulsifier in the food industry. In vitro digestion with a cellular antioxidant activity assay was performed to determine the bioaccessibility and antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds, and the behaviour of GGM on in vivo experimental assay against induced colon cancer. The results showed that digestion decreased the bioaccessibility and antioxidant capacity of phenolic compounds. Cellular analysis did not support these findings once an antioxidant effect was observed in human cell lines. GGM attenuated the initiation and progression of colon cancer, by reducing the foci of aberrant crypts in rats, and modified the intestinal bacterial microbiota (disrupting the balance between Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla). Thus, GGM provided chemopreventive protection against the development of colon cancer and acted as an intracellular antioxidant agent.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Neoplasias do Colo , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Mananas , Estresse Oxidativo , Humanos , Animais , Neoplasias do Colo/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias do Colo/metabolismo , Neoplasias do Colo/patologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Mananas/farmacologia , Mananas/química , Masculino , Linhagem Celular TumoralRESUMO
This study aimed to characterize and evaluate the in vitro bioactive properties of green banana pulp (GBPF), peel (GBPeF), and mixed pulp/peel flours M1 (90/10) and M2 (80/20). Lipid concentration was higher in GBPeF (7.53%), as were the levels of free and bound phenolics (577 and 653.1 mg GAE/100 g, respectively), whereas the resistant starch content was higher in GBPF (44.11%). Incorporating up to 20% GBPeF into the mixed flour had a minor effect on the starch pasting properties of GBPF. GBPeF featured rutin and trans-ferulic acid as the predominant free and bound phenolic compounds, respectively. GBPF presented different major free phenolics, though it had similar bound phenolics to GBPeF. Both M1 and M2 demonstrated a reduction in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Consequently, this study validates the potential of green banana mixed flour, containing up to 20% GBPeF, for developing healthy foods and reducing post-harvest losses.
Assuntos
Farinha , Frutas , Musa , Valor Nutritivo , Fenóis , Musa/química , Farinha/análise , Frutas/química , Fenóis/análise , Fenóis/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/análise , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Amido/química , Amido/análiseRESUMO
This study aimed to obtain an anthocyanin extract from the purple leaves of Camellia sinensis cv. Zijuan using a sustainable, non-toxic, and low-cost solid-liquid extraction, employing an aqueous citric acid solution (0.2 mol/L) as the extracting solvent, and to evaluate its chemical stability at different pH values, as well as its in vitro antioxidant properties in chemical and biological terms. The phenolic composition, in vitro antioxidant activity, and the stability of anthocyanins against pH, temperature, and light of the crude extract (CE) were evaluated, as well as the phenolic composition and bioactivity in the crude lyophilised extract (CLE). In the direct/reverse spectrophotometric titration, anthocyanins showed structural changes between pH 2 and 10, and reversibility of 80%. The antioxidant activity against the DPPH radical showed inhibition percentages of 73% (pH 4.5) to 39% (pH 10). Thermal stability was observed at 60 °C, and prolonged exposure of the extract to light caused photodegradation of the anthocyanins. Thirty-three phenolic compounds, including anthocyanins and catechins, were quantified in the CLE by UPLC-ESI-MS and HPLC, totalling 40.18 mg/g. CLE reduced cell viability (IC50 from 18.1 to 52.5 µg GAE/mL), exerted antiproliferative (GI50 from 0.0006 to 17.0 µg GAE/mL) and cytotoxic (LC50 from 33.2 to 89.9 µg GAE/mL) effects against A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells), HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma), HCT8 (ileocecal colorectal adenocarcinoma), and Eahy926 (somatic cell hybrid cells); and showed protection against oxidation of human plasma (635 ± 30 mg AAE/g). The results showed the diversity of compounds in the extracts and their potential for technological applications; however, temperature, pH, and light must be considered to avoid diminishing their bioactivity.
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This study describes the bioaccessibility in terms of total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity before and after in vitro digestion from blackcurrant press cake extracts (BPC) and the bioactivity in cell culture, human erythrocytes as well as the in silico analysis. Chemical analysis of BPC presented an increase in TPC (270%) and anthocyanins (136%) after in vitro digestion, resulting in an improvement of antioxidant activity (DPPH 112%; FRAP: 153%). This behavior may be related to the highest activity of cyanidin-3-rutinoside, as confirmed by in silico analysis. The digested BPC did not exert cytotoxicity in cells and showed less antioxidant activity against the oxidative damage induced in endothelial cells and human erythrocytes compared to the non-digested extract. The results raise a question about the reliability we should place on results obtained only from crude samples, especially those that will be used to produce foods or nutraceuticals.
Assuntos
Antocianinas , Antioxidantes , Humanos , Antioxidantes/análise , Antocianinas/análise , Células Endoteliais , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Extratos Vegetais/química , Digestão , Fenóis/análiseRESUMO
Sorghum is a gluten-free cereal commonly used in foods, and its consumption has been associated with the prevention of human chronic conditions such as obesity and cancer, due to the presence of dietary fiber and phenolic compounds. This study aimed to evaluate, for the first time, the antiproliferative, antioxidant, anti-adhesion, anti-invasion, and antimalarial activities of phenolic extracts from toasted white and tannin sorghum flours to understand how different phenolic profiles contribute to sorghum biological activities. Water and 70 % ethanol/water (v/v), eco-friendly solvents, were used to obtain the phenolic extracts of toasted sorghum flours, and their phenolic profile was analyzed by UPLC-MSE. One hundred forty-five (145) phenolic compounds were identified, with 23 compounds common to all extracts. The solvent type affected the phenolic composition, with aqueous extract of both white sorghum (WSA) and tannin sorghum (TSA) containing mainly phenolic acids. White sorghum (WSE) and tannin sorghum (TSE) ethanolic extracts exhibited a higher abundance of flavonoids. WSE demonstrated the lowest IC50 on EA.hy926 (IC50 = 46.6 µg/mL) and A549 cancer cells (IC50 = 33.1 µg/mL), while TSE showed the lowest IC50 (IC50 = 70.8 µg/mL) on HCT-8 cells (human colon carcinoma). Aqueous extracts also demonstrated interesting results, similar to TSE, showing selectivity for cancer cells at higher IC50 concentrations. All sorghum extracts also reduced the adhesion and invasion of HCT-8 cells, suggesting antimetastatic potential. WSE, rich in phenolic acids and flavonoids, exhibited greater toxicity to both the W2 (chloroquine-resistant) and 3D7 (chloroquine-sensitive) strains of Plasmodium falciparum (IC50 = 8 µg GAE/mL and 22.9 µg GAE/mL, respectively). These findings underscore the potential health benefits of toasted sorghum flours, suggesting diverse applications in the food industry as a functional ingredient or even as an antioxidant supplement. Moreover, it is suggested that, besides the phenolic concentration, the phenolic profile is important to understand the health benefits of sorghum flours.
Assuntos
Antimaláricos , Sorghum , Humanos , Taninos , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/análise , Antimaláricos/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Grão Comestível/química , Cromatografia Líquida , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Fenóis/análise , Flavonoides , Solventes , Água , CloroquinaRESUMO
Oxidative/nitrosative damage takes part in chronic disease development, which generates an urgent need for intervention and better therapies to manage them. The scientific community has demanded easy-to-run, cheap, and reliable methods for cellular antioxidant activity assays. This work standardised and validated an erythrocyte cellular antioxidant activity and membrane protection/injury (HERYCA-P) protocol to study food-derive extracts. The method measures intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lipoperoxidation, and haemolysis induced by 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride. Quercetin decreased ROS generation by 50.4% and haemolysis by 2.2%, while ascorbic acid inhibited lipid peroxidation by 40.1%. Total phenolic contents of teas were correlated with decreased ROS generation (r = -0.924), lipoperoxidation (r = -0.951), and haemolysis (r = -0.869). The erythrocyte ROS generation and lipoperoxidation were also associated with CUPRAC (r = -0.925; r = -0.951) and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (r = -0.936; r = -0.949). The precision rates of antioxidant standards and tea samples were below 15%. HERYCA-P is feasible as a complementary antioxidant assay for food matrices.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Hemólise , Humanos , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Eritrócitos , Estresse Oxidativo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Fenóis/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologiaRESUMO
The pathogenic complexity of Alzheimer's disease (AD) demands the development of multitarget-directed agents aiming at improving actual pharmacotherapy. Based on the cholinergic hypothesis and considering the well-established role of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) in advanced stages of AD, the chemical structure of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor drug donepezil (1) was rationally modified for the design of new N-benzyl-piperidine derivatives (4a-d) as potential multitarget-direct AChE and BuChE inhibitors. The designed analogues were further studied through the integration of in silico and in vitro methods. ADMET predictions showed that 4a-d are anticipated to be orally bioavailable, able to cross the blood-brain barrier and be retained in the brain, and to have low toxicity. Computational docking and molecular dynamics indicated the formation of favorable complexes between 4a-d and both cholinesterases. Derivative 4a presented the lowest binding free energy estimation due to interaction with key residues from both target enzymes (-36.69 ± 4.47 and -32.23 ± 3.99 kcal/mol with AChE and BuChE, respectively). The in vitro enzymatic assay demonstrated that 4a was the most potent inhibitor of AChE (IC50 2.08 ± 0.16 µM) and BuChE (IC50 7.41 ± 0.44 µM), corroborating the in silico results and highlighting 4a as a novel multitarget-directed AChE/BuChE inhibitor.
Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer , Butirilcolinesterase , Humanos , Butirilcolinesterase/metabolismo , Butirilcolinesterase/uso terapêutico , Inibidores da Colinesterase/farmacologia , Inibidores da Colinesterase/química , Inibidores da Colinesterase/uso terapêutico , Acetilcolinesterase/metabolismo , Doença de Alzheimer/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Piperidinas/farmacologia , Piperidinas/uso terapêutico , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Simulação de Acoplamento MolecularRESUMO
In recent years, there has been a growing demand for gluten-free and functional products, driven by consumer preferences for healthier and more diverse food choices. Therefore, there is a need to explore new ingredients that can be used as alternatives to traditional gluten-containing grains. Thus, this work evaluated the physical, chemical, technological, and sensorial properties of extrudates and cookies from composite tannin sorghum (rich in resistant starch) and white cowpea flours. Extrudates and cookies were produced from a composite flour made of sorghum and cowpea, at a sorghum:cowpea flour ratio of 70:30, 50:50, and 30:70. Then, raw flours, cookies, and extrudates were characterized (dietary fiber, resistant starch, proteins, antioxidant capacity, pasting properties, etc.). Results obtained for particle size distribution and bulk density indicated that the particles increased and the color changed with the addition of cowpea flour. The raw tannin sorghum flour had a higher resistant starch concentration (36.3%) and antioxidant capacity (211.2 µmolTE/g), whereas cowpea flour had higher levels of proteins (18.7%) and dietary fiber (20.1%). This difference in the raw flour composition contributed to the nutritional value of the extrudates and cookies, especially the cookies which undergo dry heat and had higher retention of resistant starch and antioxidants. Moreover, sorghum flour presented a higher tendency to retrograde (high setback), which was decreased by the addition of cowpea flour. Overall acceptance and intention to purchase were higher for extrudates with 100% sorghum flour (6.52 and 68.3%, respectively) and cookies with 70% cowpea flour (7.03 and 76.7%, respectively). Therefore, nutritious and functional gluten-free extrudates and cookies, of good acceptability, can be produced from composite tannin sorghum and white cowpea flours.
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The objective of this work was to determine the phenolic composition, chemical and cellular antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity in human cells, and peroxidative inhibition of the defatted fraction of grape (Vitis labrusca) and blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) seeds. Soxhlet extraction (Sox) was used to extract the fat and obtain the degreased material. A statistical optimization study was developed to maximize the extraction of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity from defatted grape and blackberry seeds. Simultaneous optimization was applied with a combination of 35.9 min of extraction and a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1 g of defatted grape seed to 61.28 mL of an extracting solvent (60% ethanol) and 62.1 min of extraction and a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1 g of defatted blackberry seed to 64.1 mL of an extracting solvent (60% ethanol). In the cell viability assay, HepG2 cancer cells seemed more sensitive to grape and blackberry extracts, while Ea.hy926 hybrid cells showed more resistance to their effects. In general, the extracts presented low/no cytotoxicity, exhibited a protective effect against H2O2-induced ROS production, and demonstrated antioxidant activity and a protective effect on the erythrocytes when subjected to hypotonic and isotonic conditions not presenting hemolytic behavior (5.0 to 10.0 µg GAE/mL). Thus, the results provided a broad assessment of the bioactivity of the extracts obtained using a simple and low-cost process developed by employing non-toxic solvents and with the potential to be used in technological applications.
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Blackcurrant press cake (BPC) is a source of anthocyanins, and this study evaluated the bioactivity and gut microbiota modulation of blackcurrant diets with or without 1,2 dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats. In colon cancer-induced rats (CRC), BPC at the highest dosages increased pro-inflammatory parameters and the expression of anti-apoptotic cytokines, accentuating colon cancer initiation by aberrant crypts and morphological changes. Fecal microbiome analysis showed that BPC altered the composition and function of the gut microbiome. This evidence suggests that high doses of BPC act as a pro-oxidant, accentuating the inflammatory environment and CRC progression.
Assuntos
Neoplasias do Colo , Microbiota , Animais , Ratos , Antocianinas/farmacologia , Estresse Oxidativo , Inflamação , Veículos FarmacêuticosRESUMO
Camellia sinensis var. assamica cv. Zijuan (purple tea) is known for its content of anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols, and bioactivities. This study aimed to verify the influence of solvent polarity, in a solid-liquid extraction, on the content of phenolic compounds and chlorophylls, instrumental color, and antioxidant activity. Different proportions of water and ethanol (0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0 v/v) were used for extraction. The results showed that the hydroalcoholic extract (75 % ethanol + 25 % water) had the highest contents of total flavonoids, total anthocyanins, chlorophyll A, and total carotenoids, as well as presenting the highest color intensity, proportion of yellow pigments, and antioxidant activity (total reducing capacity and scavenging of the DPPH free radical). Twenty-two compounds were identified, with chlorogenic acid, hesperidin, (-)-epicatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, and isoquercitrin being the main phenolics. This phenolic-rich extract inhibited lipoperoxidation induced in egg yolk homogenate (IC50 = 455 mg/L), showed no hemolytic behavior when human erythrocytes were subjected to osmotic stress, and exerted in vitro cytotoxic effects against cancer and hybrid cells. The extract obtained with the mixture of non-toxic solvents presented critical bioactivities, as well as a comprehensive identification of phenolic compounds in the cultivar, and has potential to be used in technological applications.
Assuntos
Camellia sinensis , Humanos , Camellia sinensis/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antocianinas/farmacologia , Clorofila A , Fenóis/análise , Chá/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/químicaRESUMO
A recomendação ética do psicólogo para intervir criticamente sobre a demanda vai de encontro com a tarefa de diagnosticar atos de Alienação Parental e, num sentido amplo, com a judicialização das relações privadas. A genealogia de Foucault consiste num método capaz de lançar luz sobre as práticas de poder na base dos discursos relacionados ao tema da alienação parental. O eufemismo pedagógico empregado para designar as sanções da lei tem como finalidade estratégica o convencimento a respeito de supostos benefícios da tutela sobre as famílias, ao mesmo tempo em que lhes são atribuídas alguma patologia disfuncional. Numa perspectiva crítica, a assimetria de gêneros corresponde às relações de poder presentes no problema da alienação parental. Por fim, a inversão dos critérios de identificação da alienação parental revela o distanciamento entre o ideal normativo e a realidade da ruptura conjugal e familiar, apontando para a importância de práticas de cuidado e assistência em vez de judicativas e punitivas.(AU)
The psychologist's ethical recommendation to critically intervene on the demand goes against the task of diagnosing acts of Parental Alienation (AP) and, in a broad sense, with the judicialization of private relations. Foucault's genealogy consists of a method able to shed on the power practices on the basis of discourses related to the theme of Parental Alienation. The pedagogical euphemism used to designate the sanctions of the law has the strategic purpose of convincing about the supposed benefits of guardianship over families, while attributing some dysfunctional pathology to them. From a critical perspective, gender asymmetry corresponds to the power relations present in the Parental Alienation problem. Finally, the inversion of the Parental Alienation's identification criteria reveals the gap between the normative ideal and the reality of marital and family disruption, pointing to the importance of care and assistance practices instead of judicative and punitive ones.(AU)
La recomendación ética del psicólogo de intervenir críticamente sobre la demanda va en contra de la tarea de diagnosticar actos de Alienación Parental (AP) y, en un sentido amplio, con la judicialización de las relaciones privadas. La genealogía de Foucault consiste en un método capaz de arrojar luz sobre las prácticas del poder a partir de discursos relacionados con el tema de la Alienación Parental. El eufemismo pedagógico que se utiliza para designar las sanciones de la ley tiene el propósito estratégico de convencer sobre los supuestos beneficios de la tutela sobre las familias, atribuyéndoles alguna patología disfuncional. Desde una perspectiva crítica, la asimetría de género corresponde a las relaciones de poder presentes en el problema de la Alienación Parental. Finalmente, la inversión de los criterios de identificación de la Alienación Parental revela la brecha entre el ideal normativo y la realidad de la ruptura conyugal y familiar, señalando la importancia de las prácticas de cuidado y asistencia en lugar de las judicativas y punitivas.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Justiça Social , Custódia da Criança , Genealogia e Heráldica , Jurisprudência , Ansiedade , Comportamento Paterno , Privação Paterna , Psicanálise , Psicologia Social , Política Pública , Repressão Psicológica , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade , Relações entre Irmãos , Ciências Sociais , Seguridade Social , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Sociologia , Terapêutica , Comportamento e Mecanismos Comportamentais , Abuso Sexual na Infância , Adaptação Psicológica , Divórcio , Casamento , Maus-Tratos Infantis , Defesa da Criança e do Adolescente , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Educação Infantil , Proteção da Criança , Saúde Mental , Saúde da Criança , Saúde da Família , Responsabilidade Legal , Poder Familiar , Negociação , Violência Doméstica , Cônjuges , Feminismo , Intervenção em Crise , Família Monoparental , Cultura , Estado , Responsabilidade Civil , Ministério Público , Denúncia de Irregularidades , Dissidências e Disputas , Depressão , Transtornos Dissociativos , Emprego , Conflito Familiar , Relações Familiares , Pai , Resiliência Psicológica , Perdão , Sexismo , Abuso Físico , Violência de Gênero , Opressão Social , Estereotipagem de Gênero , Experiências Adversas da Infância , Separação da Família , Tristeza , Psicoterapia Interpessoal , Traição , Abuso Emocional , Modelos Biopsicossociais , Equidade de Gênero , Papel de Gênero , Apoio Familiar , Estrutura Familiar , Manobra Psicológica , Desamparo Aprendido , Direitos Humanos , Relações Interpessoais , Deficiências da Aprendizagem , Privação Materna , Mães , Transtorno Dissociativo de Identidade , Apego ao ObjetoRESUMO
Resumo O presente estudo teórico tem como objetivo articular as noções de transgeracionalidade, elemento essencial para a compreensão da constituição psíquica e de suas heranças patológicas. A transgeracionalidade é uma das formas de transmissão da herança psíquica, cuja repetição configura-se pela insistência da cadeia significante. O inconsciente, por ser transindividual e estruturado como uma linguagem, desvela a fantasia originária anterior a seu próprio herdeiro. As inflexões feitas pelo Outro parental no discurso são fundamentais, em considerando que o desejo é desejo do Outro. As vivências ancestrais encontram canais inconscientes de transmissão que, quanto menos reconhecido o significante mestre, mais elas insistirão através das gerações. São os referenciais simbólicos que permitem a instauração da diferença de lugares entre as gerações na cadeia de filiação. Os pontos de fragilidade entre as gerações são expressos em termos de sintoma e indicam uma impossibilidade de representação.
Abstract The main objective of this theoretical study is to articulate the notions of transgenerationality, family and origin, which are essential elements for understanding the psychic constitution. This outline constitutes a preliminary study of the pathologies of inheritance. One of the forms of transgenerational psychic transmission, or better, of transgenerationality, can be observed as a repetition through generations that is configured by the insistence of the signifying chain. The unconscious, as a trans-individual device and structured as a language, unveils the original fantasy prior to its own existence. If desire is the desire of the Other, the importance of the inflections made by the parental Other in children's discourse could not be more complete. Ancestral experiences find unconscious channels of transmission that, the less recognized the signifier, the more it will persist through generations. It is the symbolic references that allow the establishment of the difference in places between generations in the affiliation chain. These weak points when expressed in terms of symptoms seem to indicate an impossibility of representation.
Resumen El objetivo principal de este estudio teórico es articular las nociones de transgeneracionalidad, familia y origen, que son elementos esenciales para comprender la constitución psíquica. Este esquema constituye un estudio preliminar de las patologías de la herencia. Una de las formas de transmisión psíquica transgeneracional, o mejor, de transgeneracionalidad, puede observarse como una repetición a través de generaciones que se configura por la insistencia de la cadena significante. El inconsciente, como dispositivo transindividual y estructurado como lenguaje, desvela la fantasía original anterior a su propia existencia. Si el deseo es el deseo del Otro, la importancia de las inflexiones hechas por el Otro parental en el discurso de los niños no podría ser más completa. Las experiencias ancestrales encuentran canales de transmisión inconscientes que, cuanto menos reconocido sea el significante, más persistirá a lo largo de generaciones. Estos son los referentes simbólicos que permiten establecer la diferencia de lugares entre generaciones en la cadena de afiliación. Estos puntos débiles cuando se expresan en términos de síntomas parecen indicar una imposibilidad de representación.
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This study shows the changes in physicochemical and microbiological composition, and in the phenolic profile of black tea kombucha during fermentation. In addition, the antimalarial potential of the kombucha was evaluated. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry multiplex analysis (UPLC-MSE) results revealed a 1.7 log2 fold-change increase in phenolics with the fermentation time, with emphasis on the increase of phenolic acids (0.3 log2 fold-change). Over time there was degradation of flavonoids such as nepetin, hesperidin and catechin 5-O-gallate, to the detriment of the increase in phenolic acids such as gallic acid and cinnamic acid. In addition, black tea kombucha presented antiplasmodic activity against the 3D7 (sensitive chloroquine) and W2 (resistant to chloroquine) strains. Therefore, important changes in the black tea kombucha phenolic profile take place during fermentation, which may help in the development of kombuchas with higher bioactive potential and contribute to a better understanding of the kombucha fermentation process.
Assuntos
Antimaláricos , Camellia sinensis , Antimaláricos/análise , Antimaláricos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/análise , Camellia sinensis/química , Cloroquina/análise , Cromatografia Líquida , Fermentação , Fenóis/análise , Fenóis/farmacologia , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Chá/químicaRESUMO
A statistical optimization study was used to maximize the extraction of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity from green tea derived from purple leaves of Camellia sinensis var. assamica. Simultaneous optimization was applied, and a combination of 60 °C, 15 min, and a mass-solvent ratio of 1 g of dehydrated purple leaves to 62.3 mL of an ethanol/citric acid solution, were determined as the ideal extraction conditions. The optimized extract of purple tea leaves (OEPL) contained showed stability in relation to variations in pH, and lyophilized OEPL exerted cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects against cancerous cells (A549 and HCT8), demonstrated antimicrobial activity towards Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 7644), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 13565) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12288), inhibition of α-amylase and α-glycosidase enzymes and reduced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, CXCL2/MIP-2, and IL-6) in lipopolysaccharides-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Thus, our results provide a broad assessment of the bioactivity of "green" extracts obtained by a simple and low-cost process using non-toxic solvents, and they have the potential to be used for technological applications.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Camellia sinensis/química , Extratos Vegetais , Células A549 , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Citocinas/metabolismo , Humanos , Fenóis/química , Fenóis/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta/química , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismoRESUMO
Phenolic compounds have demonstrated several in vitro beneficial properties by acting as antioxidant and pro-oxidant agents. This chapter approaches the relationship among oxidative stress, cancer, phenolic compounds and antiproliferative activity. Moreover, it discusses in vitro techniques and their biological applications, regarding cell viability and intracellular measure of reactive oxygen assays. The in vitro methods are important tools for screening and understanding the pathways involved on antiproliferative and antioxidant/pro-oxidant effects of phenolic compounds. These findings open avenues for the development of innovative food, chemical structures, technological applications and future perspectives in this research field.
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Antioxidantes , Extratos Vegetais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Estresse Oxidativo , Fenóis/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Espécies Reativas de OxigênioRESUMO
The aim of this study was to compare the influence of the extraction method, chemical composition, antimicrobial effects, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity on human cells of the non-polar extracts of grape (Vitis labrusca) and blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) seeds. The Soxhlet (Sox), Bligh-Dyer (BD), and ultrasound (US) methods were used for extractions. For blackberry non-polar seed extract, extraction via the BD method showed the highest mean values of total phenolic content (TPC), expressed in milligrams of gallic acid equivalent per 100 mL of non-polar seed extracts (102.37 mg GAE/100 mL), and higher antioxidant activity in relation to the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, expressed in milligrams of gallic acid equivalent per 100 mL of non-polar seed extracts (11.50 mg AAE/100 mL), if compared with the Sox and US extractions. Similar results were obtained for the non-polar grape seed extracts, where BD extraction obtained the highest values for TPC (28.61 mg GAE/100 mL) and DPPH (35.36 mg AAE/100 mL). The type of extraction method had an impact on the composition of fatty acids. Only the non-polar blackberry and grape seed extracts obtained via the Sox method showed some in vitro inhibitory effect against Escherichia coli (IAL 2064) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 13565). Regardless of the extraction method used, the non-polar blackberry and grape seed extracts did not decrease the cell viability (IC50 >1000 µg/mL) of cancer and normal cell lines, thus indicating the relative safety of the extracts. All the seed extracts decreased the generation of reactive oxygen species in the cell lines. Blackberry and grape seed lipid fractions can be utilized as antioxidants, and the extraction methods used cause significant changes in relation to their bioactivity and chemical composition.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/química , Antioxidantes/química , Extrato de Sementes de Uva/química , Rubus/química , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/toxicidade , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/toxicidade , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Flavonoides/análise , Extrato de Sementes de Uva/farmacologia , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Ora-pro-nobis (Pereskia aculeata Miller) is a non-conventional food plant common in Brazil. The objective of this study was to optimize the extraction of bioactive phenolic compounds from ora-pro-nobis leaves by employing solvent mixtures. Ten extracts were obtained with water, ethanol, acetone, and their binary and ternary mixtures, evaluating the chemical composition, antioxidant activity and bioactivities in vitro. The response surface methodology was applied to model the results and calculate the optimal solvent composition, which is 60% water, 40% ethanol and 0% acetone. The optimized extract is rich in phenolic compounds (64 mg GAE/g) and proteins (823 mg/g) and presents antioxidant activity (in intracellular media as well) and inhibits lipid peroxidation (32%) along with hypotonic hemolysis (H50 = 0.339%), it does not present toxicity in vitro against cancer and normal cells. This is the first report of chicoric, caffeoyl-hexaric and coumaroyl-hexaric acids and some glycosylate derivatives of flavonols in ora-pro-nobis leaves.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/química , Cactaceae/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Fenóis/química , Fenóis/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta/químicaRESUMO
The sesquiterpenes selina-1,3,7(11)-trien-8-one and oxidoselina-1,3,7(11)-trien-8-one were isolated from the essential oil of Eugenia uniflora L. leaves. The structures were elucidated using spectrometric methods (UV, GC-MS, NMR, and specific optical rotation). The relationship between antioxidant activity, as determined by DPPH assay, and the cytotoxic effect was evaluated using tumor cells, namely lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells (A549) and human hepatoma carcinoma cells (HepG2), as well as a model of normal human lung fibroblast cells (IMR90). Both compounds did not show prominent free-radical scavenging activity according to DPPH assay, and did not inhibit lipid peroxidation in Wistar rat brain homogenate. The isolated compounds showed pro-oxidative effects and cytotoxicity in relation to the IMR90 cell line.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Eugenia/química , Naftalenos/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , HumanosRESUMO
The chemical composition, antioxidant activity (AA), cytotoxic activity, antihemolytic effects, and enzyme inhibition (EI) of lyophilized jabuticaba (Myrciaria jaboticaba) seed extract (LJE) was studied. The main compounds found were castalagin, vescalagin, procyanidin A2, and ellagic acid. LJE was more toxic to cancer cells than to normal cells, meaning relative toxicological safety. This cytotoxic effect can be attributed to the pro-oxidant effect observed in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation assay. LJE inhibited α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and ACE-I activities and protected human erythrocytes from hemolysis. LJE was incorporated into yogurts at different concentrations and the total phenolic content, AA, and EI increased in a dose-dependent manner. LJE-containing yogurt presented 86% sensory acceptance. The yogurt was administered to Wistar rats bearing cancer and it modulated the gut bacterial microbiota, having a prebiotic effect. LJE is a potential functional ingredient for food companies looking for TPC, AA, and prebiotic effect in vivo.