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Anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) involve a complex coordination of sensorimotor information that can be impaired in diseases that affect nerve conduction. Assessing APAs typically requires costly video recording technology, posing a challenge to the study of postural changes. This hurdle is compounded in impoverished communities affected by diseases such as leprosy, which often receive limited government support. Recent years have seen the validation of inertial sensors in wearable devices and smartphones for APA analysis in diverse populations, including adults, the elderly and people with Parkinson's disease. This progress offers economically efficient alternatives for the study of APA in leprosy. Do patterns of activation of anticipatory postural adjustment differ between leprosy patients and healthy controls? We also investigated the validity and replicability of APAs recorded in leprosy patients using inertial measurements and video capture recordings. Thirty healthy individuals in the control group and 30 individuals with leprosy in the leprosy group performed ten gait initiation trials. To record the APA for gait initiation, the participants stood on a 2 m platform. Each participant was informed that the experimenter would give an signal, after which the participant would initiate a two-step walk on the platform. Inertial recordings (low-cost method) and video capture recordings (gold-standard method) from center of mass displacements were used to extract the APA before gait initiation. The results show that APAs are similar between groups (control and leprosy), but leprosy patients have less consistent APAs. In addition, this study highlights the reproducibility and high correlation between the values of variables obtained from both instruments, the video recording as gold standard method and portable digital inertial sensor as a low-cost alternative method. These promising findings support the use of affordable inertial sensors to track and record APAs in underserved populations that lack easy access to gold standard methods such as video recording. This approach has the potential to improve the therapeutic care and rehabilitation of these patients. Although not currently part of official protocols for leprosy patients, this assessment method could prove particularly valuable in situations where significant sensorimotor impairments are suspected or documented.

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Background: Virtual reality (VR) has been suggested as a new therapeutic approach in various sectors of rehabilitation, including the treatment of patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA), and one of its treatment goals is to improve the gait pattern and walking ability of patients. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate if VR, along with conventional physiotherapy treatment (CT), has superior effects to kinesiotherapy alone on pain, physical capacity, balance, and the parameters of anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) in patients with knee OA. Design: This study is a single-blind randomized controlled trial. Setting: Secondary care at Hospital SARAH Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals, Brazil. Participants: Forty participants (31 women and 9 men) with knee OA in at least one knee and able to ambulate independently. Intervention: A rehabilitation program (8 consecutive weeks, 50-minute session, twice a week). Patients were randomized into the intervention groups CT or VR. Main Outcome Measures: Primary-latency of APA, amplitude of APA, and time to reach the maximum acceleration amplitude. Secondary-balance control by Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test, pain, and physical capacity by Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index. Results: The results of the study showed that conventional treatment significantly improved pain intensity, physical capacity, and balance in individuals with knee OA; however, only the group that used VR showed improvement in the APA parameters. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that VR associated with conventional treatment improved APAs in patients with knee OA.

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Older adults with moderate to severe knee osteoarthritis (KOA) exhibit adaptive strategy for initiating walking, known as anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs). While video motion kinematics has been the traditional way of measuring APAs, it can be difficult to transport and install, making it impractical for medical settings. Inertial sensors have become a more popular method for evaluating APAs, but no prior research has used accelerometers to measure gait initiation in individuals with KOA. The study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of a wearable accelerometer device for measuring APAs older adults with and without KOA. 25 individuals with KOA and 10 healthy individuals underwent evaluation using a wearable commercially available accelerometer (MetamotionC) and a video motion capture system. Reflective markers were placed on the lumbar vertebra and calcaneus. Participants were asked to initiate a step, and the researchers measured the APAlatency and APAamplitude of each subject. APAlatency showed an very large to almost perfect correlation in both groups (CG:r = 0.82; p = 0.003 and KOA r = 0.98; p < 0.00001) between the instruments, while APAamplitude had a moderate to very large correlation (CG: r = 0.65; p = 0.04and KOA: r = 0.80; p < 0.00001). Overall, the measurements showed fair to high reliability for intraclass correlation for video and accelerometer variables. Significant group effect was found for both variables: APAlatency (F1, 66 = 7.3; p = 0.008) and APAamplitude (F1,66 = 9.5; p = 0.00). The wearable tri-axial accelerometer is a valid and reliable for assessing APAs during gait initiation in individuals with KOA, and this population exhibits lower APAs when initiating a step.

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OBJECTIVE: To determine the association of Depression with clinical outcomes in patients treated surgically for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) using an anterior approach. METHOD: An observational study was conducted in patients with ECM. The Beck scale, modified scale of the Japanese Orthopedic Association (mJOA), neck disability index (NDI) and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were used preoperatively, one month and 3 months after surgery. RESULTS: Initial VAS showed more severe degrees in patients with depression. At one month and third month after surgery, there was a significant decrease in pain in the group without depression (p = 0.03). The mJOA at one month and three months was observed that the degree of severity decreased in both groups, being more noticeable in the group without depression (p = 0.02). Presurgical NDI was higher in the group with depression. At three months in both groups the improvement was noticeable with respect to the degree of preoperative disability. CONCLUSIONS: There is a favorable relationship in patients with ECM undergoing surgical treatment in the absence of depression prior to surgery and clinical evolution, with the possibility of promoting multidisciplinary management prior to surgery in patients with depression.

OBJETIVO: Determinar la asociación de depresión con los resultados clínicos en pacientes tratados quirúrgicamente por mielopatía espondilótica cervical (MEC) mediante abordaje anterior. MÉTODO: Se realizó un estudio observacional en pacientes con MEC. Se utilizaron la escala de Beck, la escala modificada de la Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA), el índice de discapacidad del cuello (NDI) y la escala visual análoga (EVA) de forma prequirúrgica, al mes y 3 meses posterior a la cirugía. RESULTADOS: La EVA inicial mostró mayor gravedad en los pacientes con depresión. Al mes y al tercer mes posteriores a la cirugía hay una disminución significativa del dolor en el grupo sin depresión (p = 0.03). En la mJOA al mes y a los 3 meses se observó que la gravedad disminuyó en ambos grupos, siendo más notorio en el grupo sin depresión (p = 0.02). El NDI prequirúrgico fue mayor en el grupo con depresión. A los 3 meses, en ambos grupos la mejoría fue notoria con respecto al grado de incapacidad preoperatorio. CONCLUSIONES: Existe una relación favorable en los pacientes con MEC sometidos a tratamiento quirúrgico entre la ausencia de depresión previa a cirugía y la evolución clínica, con la posibilidad de promover un manejo multidisciplinario previo a la cirugía en los pacientes con depresión.

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There is increasing evidence showing positive association between changes in oral microbiome and the occurrence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Alcohol- and nicotine-related products can induce microbial changes but are still unknown if these changes are related to cancerous lesion sites. In an attempt to understand how these changes can influence the OSCC development and maintenance, the aim of this study was to investigate the oral microbiome linked with OSCC as well as to identify functional signatures and associate them with healthy or precancerous and cancerous sites. Our group used data of oral microbiomes available in public repositories. The analysis included data of oral microbiomes from electronic cigarette users, alcohol consumers, and precancerous and OSCC samples. An R-based pipeline was used for taxonomic and functional prediction analysis. The Streptococcus spp. genus was the main class identified in the healthy group. Haemophilus spp. predominated in precancerous lesions. OSCC samples revealed a higher relative abundance compared with the other groups, represented by an increased proportion of Fusobacterium spp., Prevotella spp., Haemophilus spp., and Campylobacter spp. Venn diagram analysis showed 52 genera exclusive of OSCC samples. Both precancerous and OSCC samples seemed to present a specific associated functional pattern. They were menaquinone-dependent protoporphyrinogen oxidase pattern enhanced in the former and both 3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase (purine metabolism) and iron(III) transport system ATP-binding protein enhanced in the latter. We conclude that although precancerous and OSCC samples present some differences on microbial profile, both microbiomes act as "iron chelators-like" potentially contributing to tumor growth.

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Os transtornos alimentares afetam principalmenteadultas jovens, sendo a Anorexia e a Bulimia Nervosa asduas formas principais. Os padrões de beleza impostos pelamídia e o medo de engordar faz com que cada vez maispessoas busquem controlar o peso, através de dietasmilagrosas e altamente restritivas, exercícios físicosexagerados, drogas anorexígenas, laxantes e diuréticos, nabusca excessiva pelo corpo desejado. Objetivo: O objetivodeste estudo foi verificar o comportamento de risco paratranstornos alimentares, estado nutricional e percepção daimagem corporal em estudantes do sexo feminino dos cursosde saúde da Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), CampusPetrolina. Material e Métodos: Estudo transversal, onde foramaplicados questionários autopreenchíveis, Body ShapeQuestionnaire (BSQ) para avaliar percepção da imagemcorporal, Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) com finalidade deidentificar indivíduos com padrões alimentares anormais eescala de silhuetas onde as estudantes marcaram a qualmais se assemelhavam. Houve também aferição das medidasantropométricas nas 174 universitárias. Aos dados obtidosfoi aplicada estatística descritiva, com análise de variância eteste de significância. Resultados: As voluntárias tinhamidade compreendida, entre 18 a 26 anos, das quais 45,40%cursavam enfermagem, 37,36% fisioterapia e 17,24%nutrição. Destas 69,54% estavam eutróficas, 8,7%apresentavam leve insatisfação corporal, bem como, 21,8%corriam risco de desenvolver algum transtorno alimentar.Conclusão: Conclui-se que houve universitárias com risco adesenvolver transtornos alimentares assim como comdistorção da imagem corporal, apesar da maior parteapresentar-se eutróficas quanto ao estado nutricional...

Eating disorders affect mainly young femaleadults, with anorexia and bulimia as the two major conditions.The standards of beauty imposed by the media and theobsessive fear of gaining weight have led an increasingnumber of people to seek weight control through miraculousand restrictive diets, exaggerated exercise practice,anorexigenic drugs, laxatives and diuretics, in the excessivepursuit of a desired body. Objective: To investigate the riskbehavior for eating disorders, nutritional status and bodyimage perception in female health students from the Universityof Pernambuco (UPE), Petrolina Campus. Material andMethods: This was a cross-sectional study using selfadministeredquestionnaires – Body Shape Questionnaire(BSQ) to evaluate the perception of body image; EatingAttitudes Test (EAT-26) to identify subjects with abnormaleating patterns and a scale of silhouettes for students toindicate which one they resembled the most. Anthropometricmeasurements were also investigated. The data wereanalyzed descriptively and by analysis of variance andsignificance test. Results: The population consisted of 174students aged 18 to 26 years, of which 45.40% were nursingstudents, 37.36% physiotherapy and 17.24% nutritionstudents. We observed that 69.54% of all students wereeutrophic, 8.7% had mild body dissatisfaction and 21.8%were at risk for developing eating disorders. Conclusion:Some university students were found to be at risk fordeveloping eating disorders as well as had distorted bodyimage, although the majority of students was eutrophic basedon their nutritional status...

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Estudo metodológico com objetivo de traduzir para o português e realizar adaptação transcultural do Jones Dependency Tool. Método de tradução e adaptação transcultural utilizado composto por quatro fases. Primeira: tradução do instrumento original, em inglês, para português. Segunda: busca de equivalência de conteúdo, cultural, semântica e conceitual em relação ao instrumento original. Terceira: realização deretrotradução. Quarta: as versões, traduzida e retrotraduzida, foram comparadas por comitê de especialistas, resultando na versão final do instrumento. No Domínio Comunicação, a mensuração da dor no JDT original era descrita como faixa alta, intermediária e menor, o Comitê de Especialistas sugeriu a substituição pela escala analógica visual. A tradução e adaptação cultural da JDT para a língua portuguesa originou um instrumento aplicável à nossa realidade. Faz-se necessária a realização de estudos para testar a validade e confiabilidade da EDJ nos Serviços de Emergência no Brasil.

Methodological study to translate and culturally adapt the Jones Dependency Tool (JDT) to Portuguese. The translation and cultural adaptation method had four stages. First stage: translation of the original instrument from English to Portuguese. Second stage: content, cultural, semantic and conceptual equivalence in relation to the original instrument. Third stage: back-translation. Fourth stage: comparison of the translated and back-translated versions by a committee of specialists, resulting in the final version. In the Communication Domain, the original JDT measured pain using high, intermediate and low ranges, but the committee suggested replacing it with a visual analog scale. The translation and cultural adaptation of the JDT to Portuguese produced an instrument applicable to our reality. Studies need to be conducted to test the validity and reliability of the JDT in Brazilian Emergency Services.

Estudio metodológico que objetivó traducir al portugués y adaptar transculturalmente el Jones Dependency Tool. Traducción y adaptación transcultural dividida en cuatro fases. La primera fue la traducción del instrumento original, del inglés al portugués. La segunda fase buscó la equivalencia de contenido, cultural, semántica y conceptual en relación al instrumento original. La tercera fase fue de retrotraducción. La cuarta fase hizo comparar a una comisión de especialistas las versiones traducida y retrotraducida, dando lugar a la versión final del instrumento. En el Dominio Comunicación, la medición del dolor en el JDT original se describía en fajas: alto, medio y bajo. La Comisión de Especialistas sugirió la substitución por la escala visual. La traducción y adaptación cultural del JDT al portugués generó un instrumento aplicable a nuestra realidad. Será necesario realizar estudios para probar la validez y confiabilidad de la EDJ en los Servicios de Emergencias de Brasil.

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As aflatoxicoses são micotoxicoses causadas por toxinas produzidas por estirpes de fungos do gênero Aspergillus. Cau- sam prejuízos importantes à produção animal, em especial àquelas que têm nos grãos sua matéria-prima base para preparação de ração, como a avicultura de corte. Atualmente, diversas técnicas, tais como uso de substâncias químicas, métodos físicos, estratégias de colheita, armazenagem e processamento de alimentos, estão sendo estudadas para quese diminua e, se bem aplicadas, evite os efeitos deletérios causados por essas substâncias à saúde animal. O objetivo desta revisão é descrever os principais efeitos das aflatoxinas sobre o desempenho zootécnico na produção de frangos de corte, as alterações nas matérias-primas de ração e os avanços científicos em metodologias de detoxificação biológica e de boas práticas agrícolas.

Aflatoxicosis are mycotoxicosis caused by toxins produced by strains of fungi of the genus Aspergillus. They cause important losses to animal production, especially to those that use grains like base raw-material to prepare feeds, like poultry production. Currently, many techniques are being studied to prevent the deleterious effects caused by these substances to animal health, including the use of chemical substances, physical methods, strategies for harvest, storage and processing food. The objective of this review is to describe the main effects of aflatoxins on poultry performance, the alterations in raw-materials of feeds and scientific advances on methods for biological detoxification and agricultural good practices.

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As aflatoxicoses são micotoxicoses causadas por toxinas produzidas por estirpes de fungos do gênero Aspergillus. Cau- sam prejuízos importantes à produção animal, em especial àquelas que têm nos grãos sua matéria-prima base para preparação de ração, como a avicultura de corte. Atualmente, diversas técnicas, tais como uso de substâncias químicas, métodos físicos, estratégias de colheita, armazenagem e processamento de alimentos, estão sendo estudadas para quese diminua e, se bem aplicadas, evite os efeitos deletérios causados por essas substâncias à saúde animal. O objetivo desta revisão é descrever os principais efeitos das aflatoxinas sobre o desempenho zootécnico na produção de frangos de corte, as alterações nas matérias-primas de ração e os avanços científicos em metodologias de detoxificação biológica e de boas práticas agrícolas.(AU)

Aflatoxicosis are mycotoxicosis caused by toxins produced by strains of fungi of the genus Aspergillus. They cause important losses to animal production, especially to those that use grains like base raw-material to prepare feeds, like poultry production. Currently, many techniques are being studied to prevent the deleterious effects caused by these substances to animal health, including the use of chemical substances, physical methods, strategies for harvest, storage and processing food. The objective of this review is to describe the main effects of aflatoxins on poultry performance, the alterations in raw-materials of feeds and scientific advances on methods for biological detoxification and agricultural good practices.(AU)

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El cáncer es una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad en Bolivia y en el mundo entero con múltiples factores de riesgo implicados en su etiología. En el presente trabajo se identifican los principales factores de riesgo asociados a los cánceres prevalentes en personas atendidas en el Instituto Oncológico Nacional de la Caja Petrolera de Salud y el Hospital Clínico Viedma. Esta investigación tiene un enfoque mixto, es descriptivo, transversal y prospectivo, como instrumento se utilizó la entrevista a 60 personas. Los factores de riesgo identificados son: la edad superior a los 35 años; el género, siendo más frecuente el cáncer en mujeres; la procedencia, incidiendo mucho más en el área rural y por último, el bajo grado de escolaridad. En los cánceres femeninos (de mama y cuello uterino) son: edad de inicio de relaciones sexuales, desconocimiento de métodos anticonceptivos, infecciones de transmisión sexual, quiste mamario, terapia hormonal prolongada, edad de menarca temprana y menopausia tardía, etc. En el cáncer colorrectal, antecedentes de poliposis intestinal, enfermedad intestinal inflamatoria, estrés psicológico, entre otros; por último, en el cáncer de próstata, antecedentes de hiperplasia prostática benigna, prostatitis, exposición ocupacional a carcinógenos, etc.También el tipo de alimentación, alcoholismo, tabaquismo, sedentarismo y exposición a rayos X

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Foram isoladas 22 cepas de Clostridium perfringens, de amostras de origem bovina e aviária. Todas as cepas foram analisadas por provas bioquímicas para identificaçäo da espécie. Para a tipificaçäo, primeiramente foi realizada análise eletroforética corada para esterase das cepas padräo ATCC dos tipos A, B, C e D. Os géis foram analisados de acordo com a mobilidade eletroforética e atividade enzimática, observando-se bandas específicas para cada caso de C. perfringens. Todas as cepas isoladas foram analisadas por eletroforese e comparadas com os padrões. Em relaçäo ao total de cepas isoladas (22), 11 foram provenientes de aves, sendo que, (1) 4,54 por cento foi do tipo A e (10) 45,6 por cento do tipo C, e 11 provenientes de bovinos, sendo que, (5) 22,72 por cento foram do tipo A, (2) 9,09 por cento B e D, enquanto que (1) 4,55 por cento do tipo C. Uma amostra de bovino ficou indeterminada apresentando bandas tanto de C quanto de D. Os resultados permitiram demonstrar a possibilidade da utilizaçäo da eletroforese corada para a esterase para estudos epidemiológicos por ser um método adequado e de fácil realizaçäo. Os resultados também revelaram o perigo gerado para a Saúde Pública, levando em consideraçäo que os tipos A e C estäo relacionados com patogenias em humanos e os órgäos em que foi isolada a maior porcentagem desses tipos serem destinados ao consumo humano.

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