RESUMO
RESUMEN Neospora caninum es un parásito protozoario del filo Apicomplexa que ha sido reconocido como causante de abortos y fallas reproductiva en el ganado de todo el mundo. Aunque en Colombia existen algunos estudios sobre la seroprevalencia de esta enfermedad, la información sigue siendo limitada. Objetivo: establecer la seroprevalencia de N. caninum en vacas lecheras del municipio de Tuta (Boyacá, Colombia). Materiales y Métodos: se muestrearon 375 animales. Las muestras se procesaron bajo la técnica de ELISA indirecta y se realizó un análisis estadístico con la prueba de chi-cuadrado de asociación-independencia para determinar si existía relación entre la presencia de anticuerpos contra N. caninum y las diferentes variables reproductivas. Resultados: el 52% de los individuos fueron positivos a anticuerpos contra N. caninum y la única variable reproductiva que presentó relación estadística con la presencia del protozoo fue la repetición de celo; por otra parte, no existió relación entre edad y raza de los bovinos y la presencia de N. caninum. Conclusión: la seroprevalencia es elevada si se compara con los datos reportados con anterioridad en otras regiones del país; no obstante, estos resultados no demostraron la presencia de enfermedad en los animales analizados, pero sí la evidencia antigénica, lo que sugiere que en algún momento de la vida se infectaron con el agente y promovieron la formación de anticuerpos específicos.
ABSTRACT Neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite of the phylum Apicomplexa, and has been recognized as a major cause of abortion and reproductive failure in cattle in the world, Although in Colombia there are some studies on the seroprevalence of this disease, even so the information remains limited. Objective: the aim of this study was to establish the seroprevalence of N. caninum in dairy cows of Tuta, (Boyacá, Colombia). Materials and methods: 375 animals were sampled. The samples were processed under indirect ELISA technique, a statistical analysis was performed with the chi-square association independence test to determine if there was a relationship between the presence of antibodies against N. caninum and the different reproductive variables. Results: it was observed that 52% of the individuals were positive for antibodies against N. caninum. the only reproductive variable that presented a statistical relationship with the presence of the protozoan was repetition of estrus, there was no relationship between age and breed of the cattle and the presentation of N.caninum. Conclusions: the seroprevalence is high if they if you keep in mind the seroprevalence data previously reported in other regions of the country, however, these results do not demonstrate the presence of disease in the animals analyzed, but the antigenic evidence, which implies that at some point life they became infected with the agent and promoted the formation of specific antibodies.
RESUMO
El laringocele es una dilatación llena de aire del sáculo del ventrículo laríngeo originado por un aumento anormal del tamaño del sáculo. La mayoría son asintomáticos y unilaterales, resultando ser hallazgos casuales descubiertos en exploraciones realizadas por otra causa. En la última década ha adquirido una mayor importancia debido: al incremento de su diagnóstico por el uso de TAC, y su asociación con el cáncer de laringe; obligando a descartar una patología tumoral subyacente ante todo laringocele. A pesar de ser una patología laríngea infrecuente y benigna, puede llegar a ser potencialmente letal por el distress ocasionado.
A laryngocele is an air-filled dilatation of the saccule of the laryngeal ventricle originated by an abnormal increase in size of the saccule. Most of them are asymptomatic and unilateral incidental findings found in explorations performed for other reasons. It has become fairly relevant in the lastdecade due to the increased diagnosis by the use of CT scan and its relationship with laryngeal cáncer (well recognised by most authors). This has made it necessary to exclude an underlying neoplasic cause for any laryngocele. In spite of being an infrequent and benign disease it can be potentially lethal due to the associated disturbances.
Assuntos
Doenças da Laringe/diagnóstico , Doenças da Laringe/enfermagem , Doenças da Laringe/história , Doenças da Laringe/patologia , Doenças da Laringe/psicologia , Doenças da Laringe/reabilitação , Doenças da Laringe/terapiaRESUMO
Six known pentacyclic triterpenes possessing oleanane, lupane, or taraxerane-type skeletons were isolated from the leaves of Sebastiania adenophora (Euphorbiaceae) and are reported for the first time in this species. These compounds include 3-epi-beta-amyrin, beta-amyrinone, 3-epi-lupeol, lupenone, taraxerol, and taraxerone. Structures were elucidated by comparison with literature data. The bioactivities of these compounds were tested on the root growth of Amaranthus hypochondriacus, amaranth (Amaranthaceae), Lycopersicon esculentum, tomato (Solanaceae), and Echinochloa crus-galli, barnyard grass (Poaceae). All six triterpenes were selectively bioactive. An important stimulatory effect was observed on amaranth root growth (23% to 56%) for almost all tested triterpenes (250 microg/ml). These triterpenes significantly inhibited the root growth of barnyard grass (28% to 78%) and tomato (23% to 49%). Aqueous leachate and organic extracts of S. adenophora leaves significantly inhibited the root growth of all test species. The possible ecological role of the allelochemicals isolated is discussed.
Assuntos
Euphorbiaceae/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Triterpenos/farmacologia , Triterpenos/químicaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To communicate our results with primary angioplasty (PA) and stenting de novo in acute myocardial infarction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 163 patients (pts) had clinical diagnosis of MI with an average onset time of symptoms of 2.5 hours. They were divided in two groups: 100 pts with PA using only balloon (group I) and 63 pts with primary stenting (group II) (63 pts with 85 stents). A high pressure technique (14-16 atm) was used in group II and all pts were on salicylic acid and ticlopidine. Both groups were compared. RESULTS: Clinical characteristics, infarct location and infarct related-artery were similar, being left anterior descending the more frequently vessel involved. Clinical success rate was higher in group II (97% vs 87%) and complication rate was threefold higher in group I (9% vs 3%). A mean follow up of 57 months in group I showed a 21% clinical and/or angiographic restenosis rate, while the 12 months follow up in group II failed to show any case of restenosis at all. CONCLUSIONS: The use of stents in PA improves the results achieved with balloon procedures. There is a greater success rate, less complications and better survival patients who had the procedure while being in cardiogenic shock.
Assuntos
Angioplastia Coronária com Balão , Angioplastia , Infarto do Miocárdio/cirurgia , Stents , Idoso , Angioplastia/efeitos adversos , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Oclusão de Enxerto Vascular , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Stents/efeitos adversos , Análise de Sobrevida , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Our initial experience with intracoronary stenting without oral anticoagulant is presented. From december 1994 to december 1995 we implanted 58 stents in 43 patients (36 males). Indications were: retraction 1, restenosis 3, dissection 8, acute myocardial infarction 13 and de novo 33. All patients received ticlopidin, aspirin and diltiazem before the procedure, heparin and intracoronary nitroglycerin were given during the procedure, and ticlopidin and aspirin for the next six weeks. Non-compliant balloons at 14-16 atmospheres were used for stent implantation. The balloon/artery ratio was 1:1. Implant sites were: 29 in left anterior descendent, 17 in right coronary artery, 7 in circumflex and 5 in vein grafts. This procedure was successful in 40/43 (93%) patients. One patient died and 2 had acute occlusion. One patient underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and the other underwent a new dilatation with higher pressure. There were no subacute occlusions. During 140 days mean time follow up: 2 patients had angina (incomplete revascularization) and 27 patients with negative stress test. No myocardial infractions or deaths were present during the follow up period. Stent implantation with high pressure technique and without oral anticoagulant in coronary arteries greater than 3.0 mm is a safe and effective method with high rate success and very low acute complication rate.
Assuntos
Anticoagulantes/administração & dosagem , Doença das Coronárias/terapia , Stents , Adulto , Idoso , Angiografia Coronária , Doença das Coronárias/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Radiologia IntervencionistaRESUMO
Investigation on the roots of Helianthella quinquenervis (Hook.) A. Gray (Asteraceae), led to the isolation of one new benzofuran (6-methoxy-tremetone (1)) and a new prenylacetophenone (4-beta-D-(glucopyranosyloxy)-3-[3-methoxy-trans-isopenten-1 -yl] acetophenone (3)). In addition, 6-hydroxy-3-methoxytremetone (2), encecalin (6), euparin (5), demethylencecalin (4), and angelic acid were obtained. Structural assignments of the isolated compounds were based on spectroscopic and spectrometric analysis. Natural products 1-4 showed marginal cytotoxicity against three human tumor cell lines [MCF-7, A-549, and HT-29]. Compounds 4 and 6 inhibited the radicle growth of Amaranthus hypochondriacus and Echinochloa crusgalli. Furthermore, substances 4-6 exhibited antifungal activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Inibidores do Crescimento/isolamento & purificação , Plantas Medicinais/química , Animais , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Artemia , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Fungos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fungos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Inibidores do Crescimento/farmacologia , Células HT29 , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Desenvolvimento Vegetal , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Raízes de Plantas/química , Plantas/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Tumorais Cultivadas , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Bioactivity-directed fractionation of the methanol extract of the roots of Ratibida mexicana resulted in the isolation of two bioactive sesquiterpene lactones, isoalloalantolactone and elema-1,3,11-trien-8,12-olide. Both compounds caused a significant inhibition of the radicle growth of Amaranthus hypochondriacus and Echinochloa crus-galli, exerted moderate cytotoxic activity against three different solid tumour cell lines and inhibited significantly the radial growth of three phytopathogenic fungi. Isoalloalantolactone also caused the inhibition of ATP synthesis, proton uptake and electron transport (basal, phosphorylating and uncoupled) from water to methylviologen, therefore acting as a Hill's reaction inhibitor. The lactone did not affect photosystem I but inhibited photosystem II. The site of inhibition of isoalloalantolactone is located in the span of P680 to QA redox enzymes because the uncoupled electron transport from water to silicomolybdate and, from DPC to DCIP are inhibited approximately to the same extent.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Lactonas/química , Magnoliopsida , Plantas Medicinais , Sesquiterpenos/química , Antifúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cloroplastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Cloroplastos/metabolismo , Fungos/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Lactonas/isolamento & purificação , Lactonas/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estrutura Molecular , Raízes de Plantas , Sesquiterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologia , Spinacia oleracea , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
From October 1985 to May 1992, 400 patients had coronary angioplasty of 518 stenotic lesions with a 92% success rate. Mean stenosis was reduced from 88 to 15%. We had 25 major complications (6%): 8 emergency bypass surgery (2%), MI in 12 pts (3%) and 5 deaths (1%). Follow-up was possible in 329 of the 367 patients with a successful procedure (90%), with a mean follow-up of 44 months. We performed coronary angiogram in 113 patients with clinical data suggestive of restenosis, restenosis was found in 73, progression of the coronary atherosclerosis in 18 and 22 (19%) had no evidence of restenosis. A second coronary angioplasty was performed in 44 pts with a 93% success rate, 22 were sent to coronary bypass surgery and medical treatment was given to 7 patients. The 18 pts with progression of the disease were also sent to bypass surgery. During follow-up 25% of the patients required a second angioplasty or bypass surgery. A total of 115 (35%) pts showed evidence of restenosis: in 73 pts (22%) a coronary angiogram revealed restenosis, 12 had angina, 15 myocardial infarction and 15 died of cardiovascular disease. At the end of follow-up 259 pts (79%) were free of myocardial infarction, bypass surgery or cardiovascular death. Survival rate at 3.7 years was 94.5%. In conclusion, coronary angioplasty showed to be safe, effective and with a good long term outcome.
Assuntos
Angioplastia Coronária com Balão , Idoso , Angina Pectoris/diagnóstico por imagem , Angina Pectoris/mortalidade , Angina Pectoris/terapia , Angina Instável/diagnóstico por imagem , Angina Instável/mortalidade , Angina Instável/terapia , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/estatística & dados numéricos , Angiografia Coronária , Doença das Coronárias/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença das Coronárias/mortalidade , Doença das Coronárias/terapia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
We analyze the outcome of 400 patients (pts) with coronary angioplasty in 518 stenosis (314 men, age 29 to 80). The clinical syndromes were unstable angina in 252 pts, acute myocardial infarction (MI) in 26, angina or residual ischemia after thrombolysis for MI in 34 and 18 pts with post-MI angina. Success was achieved in 478 of 518 segments (92%). Mean stenosis was reduced from 88 to 15%. Revascularization was complete in 92% of pts. Primary success was 74% in total occlusions. We had 25 major complications (6%): 8 emergency bypass surgery (2%), MI in 12 pts (3%) and 5 deaths (1%). The procedures were performed without surgical standby in 220 pts: in 68 it was an emergency and in 152 it was considered a low risk procedure. Major complications in emergency cases were 3 MI (4%) and 2 deaths (3%). In the low risk procedures there were no deaths, 3 MI (2%) and 1 aortic dissection. We conclude that in well selected patients coronary angioplasty gives a high success rate with very few complications. Furthermore, it is possible to identify a very low risk subset of patients in whom the procedure can be performed without having a surgical standby.
Assuntos
Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/efeitos adversos , Doença das Coronárias/terapia , Adulto , Idoso , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/métodos , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/mortalidade , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/estatística & dados numéricos , Terapia Combinada , Doença das Coronárias/complicações , Doença das Coronárias/mortalidade , Emergências , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Revascularização Miocárdica/estatística & dados numéricos , Indução de RemissãoRESUMO
The known compounds friedelin, maytensifolin B, ginkgetin, bilobetin, and amentoflavone as well as the new triterpene 3ß-hydroxyfriedelan-16-one were isolated fromCelaenodendron mexicanum (Euphorbiaceae), an endemic tree of the Pacific Ocean coast of Mexico. The compounds' structures were established on the basis of spectral analysis. The biological effects of aqueous leachates, a CHCl3-MeOH extract and the isolated compounds of leaves and twigs were evaluated on the radicle growth of two plants,Amaranthus leucocarpus andEchinochloa crusgalli, and on the radial growth of three phytopathogenic fungi,Fusarium sp.,Helminthosporium sp., andAlternaria sp. The organic extracts of both leaves and twigs inhibitedAmaranthus and stimulatedEchinochloa radicle growth. On the contrary, friedelin and maytensifolin B stimulatedAmaranthus and inhibitedEchinochloa. The target fungi showed a different response to each treatment, from inhibition to stimulation.
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The allelopathic potential ofI. tricolor, used in traditional agriculture as a weed controller, has been demonstrated by measuring the inhibitory activity of aqueous lixiviates and organic extracts of the plant material on seedling growth ofAmaranthus leucocarpus andEchinochloa crusgalli. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the most active organic extract led to the isolation of the allelopathic principles, which turned out to be a mixture of glycosides, having jalapinolic acid as the aglycone portion glycosidically linked in the 11 position to an oligosaccharide composed of glucose, rhamnose, and fucose, which also combines with the carboxyl group of the aglycone to form a macrocyclic ester.
RESUMO
The effect of an allelopathic compound, diacetyl-piquerol on the H(+) -ATPase activity of the microsomal fraction from the radicles of a common weedIpomoea purpurea was studied. The diacetyl-piquerol inhibited the germination and radicle growth fromI. purpurea; the radicle growth was increasingly inhibited (10% to 100%) as piquerol concentrations were raised (10 µM to 1000 µM). The H(+)-ATPase activity was inhibited (48%) by 500 µM diacetyl-piquerol, and this inhibition was higher in plasma membrane ATPase (67.2%) than in tonoplast membrane ATPase (31.4%). Additional studies of the precise physiological mechanisms of interference caused by allelopathic compounds are needed.
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The effects of the allelopathic compounds of an "'ethanolic extract" of corn pollen on growth, respiration, and cellular division of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus, var. peacock improved) were studied. Bioassays with the ethanolic extract showed an inhibition of radicle and hypocotyl growth. The effects on respiration were observed in isolated watermelon hypocotyl mitochondria. The ethanolic extract acts as an inhibitor of the electron pathway, decreasing oxygen consumption in state 3, with malate and succinate substrates. The specific inhibition site probably is located before the cytochromec. Ascorbate-TMPD as substrate reversed the inhibitory effect of the ethanolic extract. An evaluation of the mitotic index was made in slide preparations of previously treated meristematic cells. A decrease in mitotic activity of more than 50% was found, as well as irregular and pycnotic nuclei. The data obtained from this study reflect an important mechanism of action of the allelopathic compounds of corn pollen.
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Agroecosystems in Tlaxcala, Mexico, are surrounded by trees and water channels and have a great variety of cultivated and noncultivated plants. The main results of a study carried out on a traditional agroecosystem in Santa Inés, Tlaxcala are presented. Some ecological aspects of polycultures, plant covers (dry leaves ofAlnus firmifolia, Berula erecta, andJuncus sp.), and the allelopathic potential of crops and noncultivated plants (fresh and dry material) were analyzed. The main plants (trees, shrubs, and herbs) present in the agroecosystem were identified. The total number of weeds in plots where plant covers were added was reduced. The number of nodules ofRhizobium phaseoli and the production of bean and squash increased with plant covers. Corn, beans, and squash showed a clear allelopathic effect, as well asChenopodium murale, Tradescantia crassifolia, Melilotus indicus, andAmaranthus hybridus, among other weeds. The contribution of allelopathy in studies of traditional agroecosystems is of great importance for the management of species in space and time. Allelopathy can be the basis of biological control of pests and weeds and of the discovery of new useful substances.