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Introduction: The following work aims to compare the types and magnitude of risk events in patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder and each of those groups with of a group of healthy siblings, exploring differences and similarities of the two psychotic disorders. Methods: Retrospective interviews were conducted with 20 families to investigate maternal and obstetric health, social support and the presence of early trauma for the affected family members and healthy siblings. Mothers were interviewed with the Prenatal Psychosocial Profile and each family participant was assessed with the Early Trauma Inventory, Screening Questionnaire of the Genomic Psychiatry Cohort and the Diagnostic Interview for Psychosis and Affective Disorders. Results: Obstetric and gestational history, pregnancy weight changes and early trauma were associated with offspring's mental illness, including statistically significant findings for complications of pregnancy, pregnancy weight changes, general trauma, physical punishment and emotional abuse. Conclusion: These findings highlight the different risk factor exposures that occur within a family, which may increase the risk for severe mental illness.

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BACKGROUND: Bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) may exhibit functional abnormalities in several brain areas, including the medial temporal and prefrontal cortex and hippocampus; however, a less explored topic is how brain connectivity is linked to premorbid trauma experiences and clinical features in non-Caucasian samples of SCZ and BD. METHODS: Sixty-two individuals with SCZ (n = 20), BD (n = 21), and healthy controls (HC, n = 21) from indigenous and African ethnicity were submitted to clinical screening (Di-PAD), traumata experiences (ETISR-SF), cognitive and functional MRI assessment. The item psychosis/hallucinations in SCZ patients showed a negative correlation with the global efficiency (GE) in the right dorsal attention network. The items mania, irritable mood, and racing thoughts in the Di-PAD scale had a significant negative correlation with the GE in the parietal right default mode network. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in the activation of specific networks were associated with earlier disease onset, history of physical abuse, and more severe psychotic and mood symptoms in SCZ and BD subjects of indigenous and black ethnicity. Findings provide further evidence on SZ and BD's brain connectivity disturbances, and their clinical significance, in non-Caucasian samples.

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Objective: To critically analyze the evidence regarding changes in verbal and performance intelligence quotient (IQ) in patients with schizophrenia.Data Sources: An English-language-only search was conducted in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and LILACS databases for articles with study objectives that included Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) assessment of cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia. Descriptors were defined based on Medical Subject Headings, where associations of psychotic disorders related to the schizophrenia spectrum were suggested, as well as the "Wechsler Scales" descriptor. The search was conducted in November 2022 with no restriction on the date of publication to select studies that used any of the WAIS editions.Study Selection: Articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected after title and summary identification and full-text review.Results: A total of 28 articles were identified. All studies presented total IQ scores, but only 20 showed results for verbal IQ (n = 20) or performance IQ (n = 19). Analyzed data indicated patients had average performance on verbal comprehension features but low average performance on perceptual reasoning, working memory, and processing speed indices.Conclusions: Executive function deficits were found in the analyzed studies, which reflect difficulties in planning and impulse control-characteristics present in the diagnosis of schizophrenia. The identification of this neuropsychological functioning contributes to the understanding of the cognitive dynamics found in schizophrenia and may help in early diagnosis, reinforcing the hypothesis that cognitive performance may be one of the indicators of psychopathologic expression.Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2023;25(5):22r03456. Author affiliations are listed at the end of this article.

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The increased production of mechanically separated poultry meat has led to its use in the production of foods of higher commercial value, such as hamburgers. However, hamburgers are more susceptible to oxidation, therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of hamburgers made with mechanically separated meat (MSM) from broilers and broiler breeder hens supplemented with oregano (Origanum vulgare) or peppermint (Mentha piperita). Hamburgers with a synthetic antioxidant and three levels of oregano and peppermint essential oils were evaluated using a sensory acceptance test. An inclusion level of 0.04% for both essentials oils was chosen for this test to evaluate the physical-chemical compositions as well as the microbiological and antioxidant activities because an inclusion level of 0.08% received a lower score from the evaluators. Higher pH values were found in hamburgers made with broiler MSM (control (6.94) and peppermint essential oil (6.93) and in broiler breeder hens MSM supplemented with peppermint essential oil (6.89). When comparing the origin of MSM, lower pH values were found in the broiler hamburgers supplemented with oregano essential oils (6.83). The total coliform counts at day zero were significantly higher for the hamburgers made with broiler breeder hens MSM with oregano essential oil, however, broilers MSM supplemented with a synthetic antioxidant showed the lowest count when compared to that of the others. For Staphylococcus coagulase-negative bacteria, growth was observed only on day zero, with a low count in hamburgers made with broiler breeder hens MSM and broiler MSM supplemented with synthetic antioxidant or peppermint essential oil. Hamburgers made with MSM from broilers and broiler breeder hens supplemented with synthetic antioxidants showed higher antioxidant capacity with an average of 2378.75 and 2265.43 µmols equivalent Trolox/mg, respectively. Our results suggest that the essential oils of oregano or peppermint can be used in the formulation of hamburgers since they presented high sensory acceptability and reduced contamination.(AU)

O aumento da produção de carne mecanicamente separada (CMS) de aves levou a indústria a buscar seu uso na produção de produtos de maior valor comercial, como os hambúrgueres. No entanto, os hambúrgueres são mais susceptíveis a oxidação, em vista disso, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar hambúrgueres elaborados com CMS de frangos e galinhas pesadas e adicionados de óleos essenciais de orégano (Origanum vulgare) ou hortelã-pimenta (Mentha piperita) como antioxidantes e antibacterianos. Para o teste de aceitação sensorial, foi avaliado um antioxidante sintético e mais três níveis de óleos essenciais de orégano e hortelã-pimenta. A partir desse teste, foi escolhido o nível de inclusão de 0,04% de ambos os óleos essenciais para realizar as análises físico-químicas, microbiológica e capacidade antioxidante, uma vez que o nível de 0,08% recebeu a menor nota pelos avaliadores. Em relação ao pH, maior valor foi encontrado nos hambúrgueres elaborados com CMS de frango (controle 6,94) e óleo essencial de hortelã-pimenta (6,93) e CMS de galinhas pesadas e adicionados de óleo essencial de hortelã-pimenta (6,89). Ao comparar individualmente a origem da CMS, menor valor de pH foi encontrado para o hambúrguer de frango adicionado de óleo essencial de orégano (6,83). As contagens de coliformes totais, no dia zero, foi significativamente maior para os hambúrgueres elaborados com CMS de galinhas pesadas adicionados de óleo essencial de orégano, porém, a CMS de frangos acrescida de antioxidante sintético apresentou a menor contagem quando comparado aos demais. Já para Staphylococcus coagulase negativa, houve crescimento apenas no dia zero, com baixas contagens nos hambúrgueres elaborados com CMS de galinhas pesadas e de frangos adicionados de antioxidante sintético ou óleo essencial de hortelã-pimenta. Hambúrgueres elaborados com CMS de frangos e galinhas pesadas adicionados de antioxidante sintético apresentaram maior capacidade antioxidante, uma vez que apresentaram média de 2378,75 e 2265,43 µmols equivalente Trolox/mg respectivamente para frangos e galinhas pesadas. Conclui-se que os óleos essenciais de orégano ou hortelã-pimenta podem ser utilizados na formulação dos hambúrgueres, uma vez que apresentam boa aceitabilidade e reduzem as contaminações.(AU)

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Resumo Objetivo Analisar a associação da autopercepção de sentimentos depressivos e desempenho cognitivo comprometido com a prevalência de depressão em idosos quilombolas. Métodos Estudo transversal realizado com 168 idosos de 11 comunidades de Bequimão-MA. Foram investigadas condições socioeconômicas e de saúde, como autopercepção de sentimentos depressivos, desempenho cognitivo comprometido pelo Mini Mental (MEEM) e prevalência de depressão pela Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (GDS-30). Razões de prevalência bruta e ajustada foram calculadas com intervalo de confiança de 95% por regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultados A maioria dos idosos era do sexo feminino (59,5%), tinham até 69 anos (50,6%), não tinham escolaridade (54,2%) e estavam no mais baixo estrato socioeconômico (classe E= 83,7%). O relato de sentir-se "para baixo" ou "sem perspectiva" foi feito por 45,7% dos idosos; 12,1% apresentaram desempenho cognitivo comprometido e 46,4% foram identificados com depressão pela GDS-30. Foram identificados com depressão com base na GDS-30, 65,0% dos idosos que relataram autopercepção de sentimentos depressivos, e 70% daqueles com desempenho cognitivo comprometido. Na análise ajustada por condições socioeconômicas, a depressão avaliada pela GDS-30 esteve associada à autopercepção de sentimentos depressivos (RP= 2,02; IC 95%: 1,26-3,26), mas não ao MEEM (RP= 1,64; IC 95%: 0.90-3.01). Conclusão Verificou-se alta prevalência de autopercepção de sentimentos depressivos e de depressão identificada pela GDS-30. A associação entre essas variáveis aponta para a importância da triagem e manejo da saúde mental dos idosos quilombolas.

Abstract Objective To analyze the association of self-perceived depressive feelings and cognitive performance with prevalence of depressive symptoms among quilombola elderly people. Methods Cross-sectional study conducted with elderly people from 11 communities in Bequimão-MA. Socioeconomic and health conditions, self-perception of depressive feelings, cognitive performance by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and prevalence of depressive symptoms by the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-30) were investigated. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were calculated with a confidence interval of 95% by Poisson regression with robust variance. Results A total of 59.5% of the elderly people were females, 50.6% were up to 69 years old and 83.7% were classified in socioeconomic status E. Moreover, 45.7% reported feeling "down" or "without perspective"; 12.1% had altered cognitive performance and 46.4% were screened as depressed by the GDS-30. Based on the GDS-30, 65.0% of the elderly people reported perception of depressive feelings associated depression, as well as 70% of them showed altered cognitive performance. In the adjusted analysis, depression evaluated by the GDS-30 was associated with self-perceived depressive feelings (PR= 2.02; 95% CI: 1.26-3.26), but not with the MMSE (PR= 1.64; 95% CI: 0.90-3.01). Conclusion There was a high prevalence of self-perceived depressive feelings and depressive symptoms identified by the GDS-30. The association between these variables points to the importance of monitoring the mental health of quilombola elderly people.

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Since the publication of the latest recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of Vascular Dementia by the Brazilian Academy of Neurology in 2011, significant advances on the terminology and diagnostic criteria have been made. This manuscript is the result of a consensus among experts appointed by the Scientific Department of Cognitive Neurology and Aging of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology (2020-2022). We aimed to update practical recommendations for the identification, classification, and diagnosis of Vascular Cognitive Impairment (VCI). Searches were performed in the MEDLINE, Scopus, Scielo, and LILACS databases. This guideline provides a comprehensive review and then synthesizes the main practical guidelines for the diagnosis of VCI not only for neurologists but also for other professionals involved in the assessment and care of patients with VCI, considering the different levels of health care (primary, secondary and tertiary) in Brazil.

Desde a publicação das últimas recomendações para o diagnóstico e tratamento da Demência Vascular pela Academia Brasileira de Neurologia em 2011, avanços significativos ocorreram na terminologia e critérios diagnósticos. O presente manuscrito é resultado do consenso entre especialistas indicados pelo Departamento Científico de Neurologia Cognitiva e do Envelhecimento da Academia Brasileira de Neurologia (2020-2022). O objetivo foi atualizar as recomendações práticas para a identificação, classificação e diagnóstico do Comprometimento Cognitivo Vascular (CCV). As buscas foram realizadas nas plataformas MEDLINE, Scopus, Scielo e LILACS. As recomendações buscam fornecer uma ampla revisão sobre o tema, então sintetizar as evidências para o diagnóstico do CCV não apenas para neurologistas, mas também para outros profissionais de saúde envolvidos na avaliação e nos cuidados ao paciente com CCV, considerando as diferentes realidades dos níveis de atenção à saúde (primário, secundário e terciário) no Brasil.

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O Transtorno de Déficit de atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) é um transtorno de origem hereditária que acomete entre 3 a 5% das crianças em todo o mundo, causando nelas problemas de aprendizagem e socialização, o transtorno também pode continuar se manifestando na idade adulta, causando além dos sintomas já citados problemas nos relacionamentos. A Musicoterapia é uma das terapias integrativas e complementares reconhecidas pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) brasileiro para ser aplicada na atenção básica, assim esse trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o tema do TDAH e como a Musicoterapia pode ser empregada nessa síndrome. Não foram muitos os trabalhos encontrados na literatura descrevendo práticas da Musicoterapia em pacientes com TDAH, porém os estudos publicados têm mostrado que ela possui resultados positivos na melhoria de vida e bem-estar desses pacientes, principalmente com o emprego de técnicas da Musicoterapia ativa.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a disorder of hereditary origin that affects between 3 and 5% of children worldwide, causing them learning and socialization problems, the disorder can also continue to manifest in adulthood, causing in addition to the symptoms already mentioned problems in relationships. Music Therapy is one of the integrative and complementary therapies recognized by the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) to be applied in primary care, in order to understand this issue this work aimed to study the theme of ADHD and how Music Therapy can be used in this syndrome. Few studies could been found in the literature describing Music Therapy practices in ADHD patients however, published studies have shown that it has positive results in improving the lives and well-being of these patients, mainly with the use of active Music Therapy techniques.

El Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH) es un trastorno de origen hereditario que afecta a entre el 3 y el 5% de los niños de todo el mundo, provocando en ellos problemas de aprendizaje y socialización, el trastorno también puede seguir manifestándose en la edad adulta, provocando además de los síntomas ya mencionados problemas en las relaciones. La musicoterapia es una de las terapias integradoras y complementarias reconocidas por el Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) brasileño para ser aplicada en la atención básica, por lo que este trabajo tuvo como objetivo estudiar el tema del TDAH y cómo la musicoterapia puede ser utilizada en este síndrome. No se han encontrado muchos trabajos en la literatura que describan las prácticas de Musicoterapia en pacientes con TDAH, sin embargo, los estudios publicados han demostrado que tiene resultados positivos en la mejora de la vida y el bienestar de estos pacientes, principalmente con el uso de técnicas de Musicoterapia activa.

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RESUMO Desde a publicação das últimas recomendações para o diagnóstico e tratamento da Demência Vascular pela Academia Brasileira de Neurologia em 2011, avanços significativos ocorreram na terminologia e critérios diagnósticos. O presente manuscrito é resultado do consenso entre especialistas indicados pelo Departamento Científico de Neurologia Cognitiva e do Envelhecimento da Academia Brasileira de Neurologia (2020-2022). O objetivo foi atualizar as recomendações práticas para a identificação, classificação e diagnóstico do Comprometimento Cognitivo Vascular (CCV). As buscas foram realizadas nas plataformas MEDLINE, Scopus, Scielo e LILACS. As recomendações buscam fornecer uma ampla revisão sobre o tema, então sintetizar as evidências para o diagnóstico do CCV não apenas para neurologistas, mas também para outros profissionais de saúde envolvidos na avaliação e nos cuidados ao paciente com CCV, considerando as diferentes realidades dos níveis de atenção à saúde (primário, secundário e terciário) no Brasil.

ABSTRACT Since the publication of the latest recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of Vascular Dementia by the Brazilian Academy of Neurology in 2011, significant advances on the terminology and diagnostic criteria have been made. This manuscript is the result of a consensus among experts appointed by the Scientific Department of Cognitive Neurology and Aging of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology (2020-2022). We aimed to update practical recommendations for the identification, classification, and diagnosis of Vascular Cognitive Impairment (VCI). Searches were performed in the MEDLINE, Scopus, Scielo, and LILACS databases. This guideline provides a comprehensive review and then synthesizes the main practical guidelines for the diagnosis of VCI not only for neurologists but also for other professionals involved in the assessment and care of patients with VCI, considering the different levels of health care (primary, secondary and tertiary) in Brazil.

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ABSTRACT Objective To report the case of a teenager (12 years old) diagnosed with a brain tumor in the right frontal-parietal region emphasizing the main characteristics observed in neuropsychological examinations. Methods In the pre-surgical evaluation, the patient presented behavioral alterations, including deficits in verbal comprehension, perceptual organization, working memory, processing speed, and slight alterations regarding constructive praxis. Results A reevaluation after two years surgery revealed significant improvement in verbal and perceptual comprehension and constructive praxis while remaining a slight change in processing speed. These results suggest that the tumor's surgical resection produced significant improvements in the patient's neurocognitive context, especially in executive functions. This study also indicates that Neuropsychological evaluation are useful for pre- and post- surgical evaluation of cognitive functioning and its evolution. Conclusion Brain tumor causes cognitive and behavioral changes and its resection can result in improvements in the patient's quality of life.

RESUMO Objetivo Relatar o caso de uma adolescente (12 anos de idade) diagnosticada com tumor cerebral na região frontoparietal direita, enfatizando as principais características observadas em exames neuropsicológicos. Métodos Na avaliação pré-cirúrgica, a paciente apresentou alterações comportamentais, incluindo déficits na compreensão verbal, organização perceptual, memória de trabalho, velocidade de processamento e pequenas alterações na praxia construtiva. Resultados Uma reavaliação dois anos após a cirurgia revelou melhora significativa na compreensão verbal e perceptiva e na práxis construtiva, permanecendo uma ligeira alteração na velocidade de processamento. Esses resultados sugerem que a ressecção cirúrgica do tumor produziu melhoras significativas no contexto neurocognitivo da paciente, sobretudo nas funções executivas. Este estudo também indica que a avaliação neuropsicológica é útil para avaliação pré e pós-cirúrgica do funcionamento cognitivo e sua evolução. Conclusão O tumor cerebral causa alterações cognitivas e comportamentais e a sua ressecção pode resultar em melhorias na qualidade de vida do paciente.

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OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of early trauma in individuals with onset of schizophrenia (SZ) at early (≤ 18 years) and adult (> 18 years) ages (EOP and AOP, respectively) and explore relationships between the onset of disease and clinical variables including traumatic events and psychotic and mood symptoms. METHODS: Subjects with SZ (n = 71) and EOP and AOP were compared for history of psychological trauma, sexual abuse, and physical punishment using the Early Trauma Inventory Self Report - Short Form (ETISR-SF). They were also compared for history of comorbidities and affective disorders using the Diagnostic Interview for Psychosis and Affective Disorders, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, and the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia. Coefficients were calculated for correlations between scale results and disease duration. RESULTS: Early trauma was significantly associated with an early onset psychotic episode (r = -0.315, p < 0.01). General trauma and depressive symptoms in adulthood were also associated (r = 0.442, p < 0.01), as were social anxiety symptoms and early trauma (r = 0.319, p < 0.01). Total ETISR-SF scores and the physical abuse item were significantly higher in EOP than in AOP. In the hierarchical regression, PANSS scores were best predicted by a model including the duration of disease and age of first psychotic episode (R = 0.303). CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the hypothesis that early trauma, including physical abuse, may play a relevant role in schizophrenia symptoms, such as an earlier psychotic occurrence, as well as features of other psychiatric disorders, such as greater severity of social anxiety and depression.

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Abstract Objectives To assess the prevalence of early trauma in individuals with onset of schizophrenia (SZ) at early (≤ 18 years) and adult (> 18 years) ages (EOP and AOP, respectively) and explore relationships between the onset of disease and clinical variables including traumatic events and psychotic and mood symptoms. Methods Subjects with SZ (n = 71) and EOP and AOP were compared for history of psychological trauma, sexual abuse, and physical punishment using the Early Trauma Inventory Self Report - Short Form (ETISR-SF). They were also compared for history of comorbidities and affective disorders using the Diagnostic Interview for Psychosis and Affective Disorders, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, and the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia. Coefficients were calculated for correlations between scale results and disease duration. Results Early trauma was significantly associated with an early onset psychotic episode (r = -0.315, p < 0.01). General trauma and depressive symptoms in adulthood were also associated (r = 0.442, p < 0.01), as were social anxiety symptoms and early trauma (r = 0.319, p < 0.01). Total ETISR-SF scores and the physical abuse item were significantly higher in EOP than in AOP. In the hierarchical regression, PANSS scores were best predicted by a model including the duration of disease and age of first psychotic episode (R = 0.303). Conclusions Our results support the hypothesis that early trauma, including physical abuse, may play a relevant role in schizophrenia symptoms, such as an earlier psychotic occurrence, as well as features of other psychiatric disorders, such as greater severity of social anxiety and depression.

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It is a common pathway for patients with the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) to be first misdiagnosed with a primary psychiatric disorder, a considerable proportion of them being diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD). Conversely, not rarely patients presenting in late life with a first episode of mania or atypically severe depression are initially considered to have dementia before the diagnosis of late-onset BD is reached. Beyond some shared features that make these conditions particularly prone to confusion, especially in the elderly, the relationship between bvFTD and BD is far from simple. Patients with BD often have cognitive complaints as part of their psychiatric disorder but are at an increased risk of developing dementia, including FTD. Likewise, apathy and disinhibition, common features of depression and mania, respectively, are among the core features of the bvFTD syndrome, not to mention that depression may coexist with dementia. In this article, we take advantage of the current knowledge on the neurobiology of these two nosologic entities to review their historical and conceptual interplay, highlighting the clinical, genetic and neuroimaging features that may be shared by both disorders or unique to each of them.

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The white matter hyperintensities (WMH, leucoaraiosis) represent the most common kind of ischemic vascular lesion of the white matter due to small vessel diseases, and occurs frequently in the elderly. Consequent to the neuroimaging identification arouse the need for their assessment. The group of Fazekas proposed a systematized semi-quantitative visual scale to score such lesions where two parameters were considered, extent and localization. The original scale was further modified, to a simplified version. Although other more complex scales have appeared, researchers remarked that the relatively simple Fazekas scale, in comparison to the complex ones and to volumetric measures, appeared to be sufficient when analyzing relationships between clinical parameters and WMH load in a clinical setting.

As hiperintensidades da substância branca (HSB, leucoaraiose) representam o tipo de lesão isquêmica mais comum da substância branca decorrente de doenças de pequenos vasos e ocorre frequentemente em idosos. Consequente à identificação por neuroimagem surgiu a necessidade de sua avaliação. O grupo de Fazekas propos uma escala visual semiquantitativa sistematizada para pontuar tais lesões, onde foram considerados dois parâmetros, extensão e localização. A escala original foi modificada para constituir uma versão mais simplificada. Embora outras escalas mais complexas tenham aparecido, pesquisadores comentaram que a relativamente simples escala de Fazekas, em comparação às mais complexas e a método volumétrico, mostrou-se suficiente quando é analisada a relação entre parâmetros clínicos e a carga de HSB em um cenário clínico.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R) as a cognitive screening tool for older adults with low levels of schooling and healthy aging, MCI and dementia in Brazil. Methods: All participants underwent neurological and psychiatric examinations and were administered a validated version of ACE-R. Results: A total of 85 participants were evaluated; most were females (84.7%, n = 72). The post hoc analysis showed statistical differences in ACE-R total scores between older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and controls (p < 0.001) and in subitem scores including verbal fluency, language, visuospatial skills and attention (p < 0.001). The visual-spatial skills subitem was the most strongly correlated with schooling level (r = 0.509, p < 0.001), whereas late, immediate recall and recognition memory were not influenced by schooling. The ACE-R had the best diagnostic accuracy in discriminating between MCI and controls = 0.69 (<57.5; 80/66), MD and controls = 0.98 (<50; 100/96), MCI and MD = 0.86 (<49.5; 100/74). Conclusions: ACE-R and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores for older adults with MCI and controls were significantly lower than those reported in similar studies. These preliminary findings support the need for establishing reliable cut-off scores for cognitive assessment of older Brazilian adults with low schooling at risk for dementia taking into consideration ecological and local variables.

RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar a precisão diagnóstica do Exame Cognitivo de Addenbrooke (ACE-R) como uma ferramenta de triagem cognitiva para adultos idosos com baixos níveis de educação e envelhecimento saudável, MCI e demência no Brasil. Métodos: Os indivíduos submeteram-se à avaliação clínica e psiquiátrica e foi administrada uma versão validada da versão revisada da bateria cognitiva ACE-R (ACE-R). Resultados: Oitenta e cinco indivíduos foram avaliados, predominando as mulheres (84,7%, n = 72). Na análise post hoc, controles e CCL exibiram diferenças estatísticas nos escores globais do ACE-R (p < 0,001) e seus subdomínios, incluindo fluência verbal, linguagem, habilidades visuoespaciais e atenção (p < 0,001). A habilidade visuoespacial foi o item mais correlacionado com a escolaridade (r = 0,509, p < 0,001), enquanto a memória tardia, de recordação e reconhecimento não foi influenciada pela educação. A precisão do ACE-R produziu melhores resultados para CCL versus controles = 0,69 (<57,5; 80/66), demência versus controles = 0,98 (<50; 100/96), CCL versus demência = 0,86 (<49,5; 100/74). Conclusões: Os escores de ACE-R e MMSE para controles e CCL foram consideravelmente inferiores aos encontrados em estudos semelhantes. Resultados preliminares confirmam a necessidade de estudos brasileiros estabelecerem pontos de corte confiáveis para baterias cognitivas em idosos com baixa escolaridade e em risco de demência, reconhecendo variáveis ecológicas e regionais.

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BACKGROUND: Impacts of social isolation measures imposed by COVID-19 Pandemic on mental health and quality of life of older adults living with dementia and their caregivers remain unexplored. Studies have shown that psychoeducational and psychosocial interventions can manage behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia (BPSD) and reduce the emotional burden on family members when applied in home-setting scenarios. METHOD: a comprehensive systematic review of useful interventions for easing the BPSD burden in patients with dementia (PwD) and their caregivers in the context of COVID-19 quarantine was performed from January 2010 to March 2020. RESULTS: From a total of 187 articles retrieved from electronic databases (MEDLINE, LILACS, Cochrane and SCOPUS), 43 studies were eligible for this review. Most of the psychosocial and psychoeducational interventions described were person-centered strategies based on the cognitive-behavioral approach or informational tools to enhance care providers' knowledge of dementia. Most studies achieved successful results in handling BPSD and mood-anxiety symptoms of care providers, contributing to an overall improvement in dyad life quality. CONCLUSION: Evidence from the last few years suggest that low-cost techniques, tailored to the dyad well-being, with increasing use of technology through friendly online platforms and application robots, can be an alternative to conventional assistance during COVID-19 Pandemic. Nevertheless, the world's current experience regarding the duration of the COVID-19 Pandemic and its effects on the cognition, behavior, and life quality of PwD will demand research on preventive and protective factors of dementia and the pursue of efficient interventions in different scenarios.

RESUMO

Currently, a large number of consumers seek to include functional foods in their diets, aiming beyond the nutritional value prevent health problems, among these foods are probiotic products and vegetables containing bioactive compounds. The objective of this work was to develop and physical-chemically evaluate fresh Shanklish cheeses with the addition of kefir and turmeric extract in order to develop a functional cheese. Shanklish cheese was manufactured and submitted to three different treatments: with the addition of kefir, turmeric extract and both of them. The results obtained for cheese composition were close to the results found in the literature and the cheeses showed stable pH values during the 21 days of storage at 8ºC. It concluded that the addition of kefir and turmeric extract in Shanklish cheese is a way to develop a functional cheese.(AU)

Atualmente é grande o número de consumidores que buscam incluir alimentos funcionais em suas dietas visando além do valor nutricional a prevenção de problemas de saúde, entre esses alimentos encontram-se os produtos probióticos e os vegetais contendo compostos bioativos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e avaliar físico-quimicamente queijos Chancliche frescos com adição de kefir e extrato de cúrcuma buscando o desenvolvimento de um queijo funcional. Foram fabricados queijos Chancliche e submetidos a três tratamentos diferentes: com adição de kefir, extrato de cúrcuma e ambos. Os resultados obtidos para a composição dos queijos estavam próximos dos resultados encontrados na literatura e os queijos mostraram pH estável durante os 21 dias de armazenamento a 8ºC. Concluiu-se que a adição de kefir e extrato de cúrcuma em queijo Chancliche é uma maneira de desenvolver um queijo funcional.(AU)

Actualmente, una gran cantidad de consumidores buscan incluir alimentos funcionales en sus dietas, apuntando más allá del valor nutricional para prevenir problemas de salud, entre estos alimentos se encuentran los productos probióticos y los vegetales que contienen compuestos bioactivos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar y evaluar químicamente quesos Chancliche frescos con la adición de kéfir y extracto de cúrcuma para desarrollar un queso funcional. Los quesos Chancliche fueron elaborados y sometidos a tres tratamientos diferentes: con la adición de kéfir, extracto de cúrcuma y ambos. Los resultados obtenidos para la composición de los quesos estaban cercanos a los resultados encontrados en la literatura y los quesos mostraron pH estable durante los 21 días de almacenamiento a 8ºC. Se concluyó que la adición de kéfir y extracto de cúrcuma en queso Chancliche es una forma de desarrollar un queso funcional.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Currently, a large number of consumers seek to include functional foods in their diets, aiming beyond the nutritional value prevent health problems, among these foods are probiotic products and vegetables containing bioactive compounds. The objective of this work was to develop and physical-chemically evaluate fresh Shanklish cheeses with the addition of kefir and turmeric extract in order to develop a functional cheese. Shanklish cheese was manufactured and submitted to three different treatments: with the addition of kefir, turmeric extract and both of them. The results obtained for cheese composition were close to the results found in the literature and the cheeses showed stable pH values during the 21 days of storage at 8ºC. It concluded that the addition of kefir and turmeric extract in Shanklish cheese is a way to develop a functional cheese.(AU)

Atualmente é grande o número de consumidores que buscam incluir alimentos funcionais em suas dietas visando além do valor nutricional a prevenção de problemas de saúde, entre esses alimentos encontram-se os produtos probióticos e os vegetais contendo compostos bioativos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e avaliar físico-quimicamente queijos Chancliche frescos com adição de kefir e extrato de cúrcuma buscando o desenvolvimento de um queijo funcional. Foram fabricados queijos Chancliche e submetidos a três tratamentos diferentes: com adição de kefir, extrato de cúrcuma e ambos. Os resultados obtidos para a composição dos queijos estavam próximos dos resultados encontrados na literatura e os queijos mostraram pH estável durante os 21 dias de armazenamento a 8ºC. Concluiu-se que a adição de kefir e extrato de cúrcuma em queijo Chancliche é uma maneira de desenvolver um queijo funcional.(AU)

Actualmente, una gran cantidad de consumidores buscan incluir alimentos funcionales en sus dietas, apuntando más allá del valor nutricional para prevenir problemas de salud, entre estos alimentos se encuentran los productos probióticos y los vegetales que contienen compuestos bioactivos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar y evaluar químicamente quesos Chancliche frescos con la adición de kéfir y extracto de cúrcuma para desarrollar un queso funcional. Los quesos Chancliche fueron elaborados y sometidos a tres tratamientos diferentes: con la adición de kéfir, extracto de cúrcuma y ambos. Los resultados obtenidos para la composición de los quesos estaban cercanos a los resultados encontrados en la literatura y los quesos mostraron pH estable durante los 21 días de almacenamiento a 8ºC. Se concluyó que la adición de kéfir y extracto de cúrcuma en queso Chancliche es una forma de desarrollar un queso funcional.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Neuropsychiatric symptoms, which may appear alone or combined with cognitive and neurological manifestations, are frequent in many brain dysfunctions or lesions due to vascular, traumatic, neurodegenerative, or systemic conditions. Throughout history, many of the most prominent names have contributed to the clinical definition of the currently recognized mental symptoms and syndromes. The present paper aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the development, from ancient to modern times, of some widely known concepts and constructs about such neuropsychiatric disorders.

Os sintomas neuropsiquiátricos que podem ocorrer de modo isolado ou acompanhando manifestações cognitivas e neurológicas são ocorrências frequentes em variadas disfunções ou lesões cerebrais devidas a condições vasculares, traumáticas, neurodegenerativas ou sistêmicas. Através da história, muitos dos nomes mais proeminentes contribuíram para a definição clínica dos sintomas e síndromes mentais reconhecidos atualmente. O presente artigo visa prover uma visão abrangente sobre o desenvolvimento, desde os tempos antigos até os presentes, de alguns dos conceitos e constructos amplamente reconhecidos sobre tais transtornos neuropsiquiátricos.