RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Hairy roots are a plant-tissue culture raised by Rhizobium rhizogenes infection (formerly known as Agrobacterium rhizogenes). Nowadays, these roots have been gaining more space in biotechnology due to their benefits for the recombinant expression of valuables proteins; it includes simplified downstream processing, protein rhizosecretion, and scalability in bioreactors. However, due to methodological inconsistency among reports, the tissue platform is still a promising technology. METHODS AND RESULTS: In the current paper, we propose the first step to overcome this issue through a systematic review of studies that employ Nicotiana hairy roots for recombinant expression. We conducted a qualitative synthesis of 36 out of 387 publications initially selected. Following the PRISMA procedure, all papers were assessed for exclusion and inclusion criteria. Multiple points of root culture were explored, including transformation methods, root growth curve, external additives, and scale-up with bioreactors to determine which approaches performed best and what is still required to achieve a robust protocol. CONCLUSION: The information presented here may help researchers who want to work with hairy roots in their laboratories trace a successful path to appraisal the literature status.
Assuntos
Biotecnologia , Nicotiana , Nicotiana/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Biotecnologia/métodos , Reatores Biológicos , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/genética , Raízes de Plantas/metabolismo , Transformação GenéticaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Primary eosinophilic colitis (PEC) is an inflammatory disease caused by the infiltration of eosinophils into the mucosa of the colon, determined after having ruled out other possible causes. It is characterized by abdominal pain and diarrhea and its prevalence is unknown. AIMS: To know the prevalence of PEC in patients with chronic diarrhea and in those with clinical criteria for diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). PATIENTS AND METHODS: All patients with chronic noninflammatory diarrhea that were consecutively seen over a decade were studied through colonoscopy, with systematic biopsy. Patients with a known or decompensated organic disease, alarm features, abnormal minimal laboratory test results, and factors associated with eosinophilia were excluded. Patients with the clinical criteria for IBS-D (Rome III) were selected from the general group. Eosinophilic colitis was defined as the presence of > 35 eosinophils/100 epithelial cells per field in any of the segments. RESULTS: From the 683 patients seen, a total of 545 patients (361 women) were included in the study. Twenty-two cases of PEC were detected, resulting in a prevalence of 4.0%. A total of 343 patients had IBS-D criteria (223 women), with 16 cases of PEC detected, for a prevalence of 4.7%. Colonoscopy was normal, or almost normal, in all the PEC cases detected. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of PEC was 4.0% in the patients with chronic diarrhea and 4.7% in the patients with IBS-D. Peripheral eosinophilia appeared to be the main distinctive clinical characteristic, but systematic biopsy was essential for making the diagnosis.
Assuntos
Colite Microscópica , Eosinofilia , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável , Colite Microscópica/complicações , Colite Microscópica/diagnóstico , Colite Microscópica/epidemiologia , Diarreia/diagnóstico , Diarreia/epidemiologia , Diarreia/etiologia , Enterite , Eosinofilia/complicações , Eosinofilia/epidemiologia , Feminino , Gastrite , Humanos , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/complicações , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/epidemiologia , PrevalênciaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Primary eosinophilic colitis (PEC) is an inflammatory disease caused by the infiltration of eosinophils into the mucosa of the colon, determined after having ruled out other possible causes. It is characterized by abdominal pain and diarrhea and its prevalence is unknown. AIMS: To know the prevalence of PEC in patients with chronic diarrhea and in those with clinical criteria for diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). PATIENTS AND METHODS: All patients with chronic noninflammatory diarrhea that were consecutively seen over a decade were studied through colonoscopy, with systematic biopsy. Patients with a known or decompensated organic disease, alarm features, abnormal minimal laboratory test results, and factors associated with eosinophilia were excluded. Patients with the clinical criteria for IBS-D (Rome III) were selected from the general group. Eosinophilic colitis was defined as the presence of>35eosinophils/100 epithelial cells per field in any of the segments. RESULTS: From the 683 patients seen, a total of 545 patients (361 women) were included in the study. Twenty-two cases of PEC were detected, resulting in a prevalence of 4.0%. A total of 343 patients had IBS-D criteria (223 women), with 16 cases of PEC detected, for a prevalence of 4.7%. Colonoscopy was normal, or almost normal, in all the PEC cases detected. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of PEC was 4.0% in the patients with chronic diarrhea and 4.7% in the patients with IBS-D. Peripheral eosinophilia appeared to be the main distinctive clinical characteristic, but systematic biopsy was essential for making the diagnosis.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness and impact of gene-expression assays (GEAs) on treatment decisions in a real-world setting of early-stage breast cancer (ESBC) patients. METHODS: This is a regional, prospective study promoted by the Council Health Authorities in Madrid. Enrolment was offered to women with estrogen receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative, node-negative or micrometastatic, stage I or II breast cancer from 21 hospitals in Madrid. Treatment recommendations were recorded before and after knowledge of tests results. An economic model compared the cost-effectiveness of treatment, guided by GEAs or by common prognostic factors. RESULTS: 907 tests (440 Oncotype DX® and 467 MammaPrint®) were performed between February 2012 and November 2014. Treatment recommendation changed in 42.6% of patients. The shift was predominantly from chemohormonal (CHT) to hormonal therapy (HT) alone, in 30.5% of patients. GEAs increased patients' confidence in treatment decision making. Tumor grade, progesterone receptor positivity and Ki67 expression were associated with the likelihood of change from CHT to HT (P < 0.001) and from HT to CHT (P < 0.001). Compared with current clinical practice genomic testing increased quality-adjusted life years by 0.00787 per patient and was cost-saving from a national health care system (by 13.867 per patient) and from a societal perspective (by 32.678 per patient). CONCLUSION: Using GEAs to guide adjuvant therapy in ESBC is cost-effective in Spain and has a significant impact on treatment decisions.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/economia , Sistema de Registros , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/economia , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Tomada de Decisão Clínica , Análise Custo-Benefício , Feminino , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/métodos , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Anos de Vida Ajustados por Qualidade de Vida , Espanha/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Mirror hand syndrome is a very rare congenital deformity, also called cubital dimelia, characterized by the absence of the thumb, as well as the duplication of the fingers in a symmetrical image and, in some cases, with a duplication of the bones of the forearm. METHODS: The current treatment consists of a thumb reconstruction through thumb pollicization, although there are alternatives such as rotating osteotomy, syndactylization or conservative treatment. In this article we present the case of a girl with a non-classic bilateral mirror hand, the clinical and radiological findings, the bilateral surgical technique in two surgical times with six months of difference and two years follow-up. RESULTS: Complete mobility arches, as well as a good hand holding function were achieved with metacarpophalangeal thumb flexion 0-40o, interphalangeal 5-45o and abduction-adduction 0-50o. We achieved a complete opposition of the new thumb with respect to the other fingers. The strength of the clamp between the fingers was 75.2% of the normal force for her given age, while the strength of the lateral clamp of 66.3% and that of the grip of the fist was 69.1%. CONCLUSION: The surgical technique in the present case (pollicization of the thumb) is an excellent option, achieving objectives of fine and gross motor skills, and good cosmetic results.
INTRODUCCIÓN: Mano en espejo es una deformidad congénita muy rara, en ocasiones conocida como dimelia cubital, caracterizada por la ausencia del dedo pulgar, así como la duplicación de los dedos en imagen simétrica y, de forma clásica, también de los huesos del antebrazo. MÉTODOS: El tratamiento actual consiste en una reconstrucción del pulgar mediante pulgarización, aunque existen alternativas como osteotomía rotadora, sindactilización o el tratamiento conservador. En este artículo se presenta el caso de una niña con mano en espejo no clásica bilateral, los hallazgos clínicos, radiológicos, la reconstrucción quirúrgica de ambas manos consistente en pulgarización tipo Buck-Gramcko bilateral en dos tiempos quirúrgicos con seis meses de diferencia y el seguimiento a corto plazo. RESULTADOS: Presentó arcos de movilidad completos, así como una buena función de sujeción de la mano, se lograron con la flexión del pulgar metacarpofalángica 0-40o, interfalángica 5-45o y abducción-aducción 0-50o. Logramos una oposición del nuevo pulgar con respecto a los otros dedos. La fuerza de la pinza entre los dedos fue del 75.2% de la fuerza normal para la edad, mientras que la fuerza de la pinza lateral fue de 66.3% y la de la empuñadura fue de 69.1%. CONCLUSIÓN: La técnica quirúrgica utilizada en el presente caso demuestra una excelente opción, logrando objetivos de pinza gruesa, pinza fina y agarres, así como un buen resultado cosmético.
Assuntos
Deformidades Congênitas da Mão , Polegar , Feminino , Dedos , Seguimentos , Deformidades Congênitas da Mão/diagnóstico por imagem , Deformidades Congênitas da Mão/cirurgia , Humanos , Amplitude de Movimento Articular , Polegar/cirurgiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Radial club hand is characterized by radial deviation of the hand, as a result of hypoplasia or absence of the radius. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional and observational study of active patients diagnosed with radial club hand at the Shriners-Mexico Hospital was carried out. RESULTS: We studied 71 patients and 92 limbs, the prevalence was 0.08%, 64.7% were men and 35.3% women. We observed 22 patients with involvement of the right thoracic extremity, 28 left and 21 bilateral. It was found that 93% of the patients had an associated syndrome. The most common type of radial longitudinal dysplasia was type 1. 58 limbs did not have a thumb. The State of Mexico is the most affected and 91.6% had a guardian with maximum high school education.
INTRODUCCIÓN: La mano zamba radial congénita se caracteriza por la desviación radial de la mano como resultado de hipoplasia o ausencia del radio. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, transversal y observacional de los pacientes activos con diagnóstico de mano zamba radial. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 71 pacientes y 92 extremidades, la prevalencia en nuestro hospital fue de 0.08%, 64.7% fueron hombres y 35.3% mujeres. Se observaron 22 pacientes con afectación de la extremidad torácica derecha, 28 de la izquierda y 21 pacientes bilateral. Se encontró que 93% de los pacientes presentaban un síndrome asociado. El tipo de displasia longitudinal radial más común fue la tipo I. Cincuenta y ocho extremidades no contaban con pulgar. El Estado de México es el más afectado y 91.6% contaban con un responsable tutelar con escolaridad máxima de preparatoria.
Assuntos
Deformidades Congênitas da Mão , Rádio (Anatomia) , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Deformidades Congênitas da Mão/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Rádio (Anatomia)/patologia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Endometrial expression of oestrogen receptor-α (ERα), progesterone receptor (PR) and cyclooxigenase-2 (COX-2) was evaluated in non-pregnant and pregnant llamas during the period when luteolysis/maternal recognition of pregnancy is expected to occur. Females (n = 28) were divided into two groups: non-pregnant llamas were induced to ovulate with a Buserelin injection, and endometrial biopsies were obtained on day 8 (n = 5) or 12 (n = 5) post-induction of ovulation. Animals of the pregnant group (n = 18) were mated with a fertile male. Pregnancy was confirmed by the visualization of the embryo collected by transcervical flushing in 5 of 9 animals on day 8 post-mating and by progesterone profile on day 12 post-mating in 4 of 9 animals, when endometrial biopsies were obtained. An immunohistochemical technique was used to evaluate receptors population and COX-2 expression. Pregnant llamas showed a higher percentage of positive cells and stronger intensity for ERα than for non-pregnant llamas in stroma on day 8 and in the luminal epithelium on day 12 post-induction of ovulation, while a deep decrease in endometrial PR population was reported in pregnant llamas on that day in luminal and glandular epithelia and stroma. In the luminal epithelium, COX-2 expression was lower in pregnant than in non-pregnant animals. Briefly, the increase of ERα in pregnant llamas gives further support to the hypothesis that oestrogens are involved in the mechanism of maternal recognition of pregnancy. Endometrial PR decrease in pregnant llamas might be a necessary event to allow the expression of proteins involved in conceptus attachment, a mechanism widely accepted in other species. Moreover, embryo seems to attenuate maternal PGF(2α) secretion during early pregnancy by decreasing the endometrial expression of COX-2 in the luminal epithelium of pregnant llamas.
Assuntos
Camelídeos Americanos , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Endométrio/metabolismo , Receptor alfa de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Prenhez , Receptores de Progesterona/metabolismo , Animais , Biópsia , Busserrelina/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Fármacos para a Fertilidade Feminina/administração & dosagem , Luteólise/efeitos dos fármacos , GravidezRESUMO
Endometrial expression of oestrogen (ERα), progesterone (PR) and oxytocin receptor (OR) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was evaluated from the induction of ovulation to luteolysis in llamas. Ovarian activity was daily assessed by ultrasonography in five females. Ovulation was induced immediately after the detection of an ovulatory follicle by a GnRH injection (Day 0). Endometrial samples were obtained by transcervical biopsies from the left and right horns on day 0 and days 4, 8, 10 and 12 post-GnRH. Blood samples were collected daily for progesterone and estradiol-17ß determinations by RIA. An immunohistochemical technique was used to study receptors population and COX-2 expression which were then evaluated by two independent observers. The expression of ERα and PR was highest on day 0 in the luminal epithelium and stroma in association with high plasma estradiol-17ß concentrations. Thereafter, a decrease in ERα population was registered on day 4 and a new increase of its expression was observed between days 8 and 12 in those cell types. Conversely, PR population was gradually down-regulated until its lowest expression was reached on day 10 post-GnRH in the luminal epithelium. Content of OR was similar throughout the study in all cell types. The expression of COX-2 was highest from day 8 to 12 post-GnRH in the luminal epithelium, in relation to the time of maximal PGF2α release. Both steroid receptors populations and COX-2 expression were similar between horns. Meanwhile, OR expression was higher in the right than in the left uterine horn. In summary, this study showed that the loss of endometrium sensitivity to progesterone by days 8-10 post-induction of ovulation and the concomitant increase of COX-2 expression could play a key role in the mechanism of luteolysis and somehow be related to the short corpus luteum lifespan of llamas.
Assuntos
Camelídeos Americanos/fisiologia , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/análise , Endométrio/química , Receptor alfa de Estrogênio/análise , Receptores de Ocitocina/análise , Receptores de Progesterona/análise , Animais , Estradiol/sangue , Ciclo Estral/fisiologia , Feminino , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterinária , Luteólise/fisiologia , Ovulação/fisiologia , Progesterona/sangueRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Microscopic colitis (MC) and irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBSD) have a similar clinical and endoscopic presentation. The prevalence of MC in Mexican patients with IBS-D is unknown. OBJECTIVES: To find out the prevalence of MC in patients with IBS-D and compare it with the one observed in patients with IBS with constipation (IBS-C). METHODS: All patients with IBS (Rome III) seen consecutively from January 2008 to August 2010 were included. Those with organic disease, alarm signs, mixed IBS or unsubtyped- IBS (Rome III) were excluded. Colonoscopy with biopsies was performed in all patients that were examined by two pathologists who did not know the clinical characteristics of the subjects. MC was defined according with the universally accepted histological criteria. RESULTS: 155 patients with IBS-D and 145 with IBS-C were studied. Both groups were matched from the standpoint of age, gender ratio and time course of disease. MC was detected in 28 patients with IBS-D and in one with IBS-C (18% vs. 0.7%, p <0.0001). Fifteen patients with lymphocytic colitis and 14 with collagenous colitis were detected. The endoscopic appearance of the colon mucosa was normal in 20 of the 29 patients with MC (69%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of MC in patients with IBS-D was 18%, significantly higher than the one observed in patients with IBS-C. Colonic mucosa had a normal appearance in most of the patients with MC. Systematic biopsies are recommended in patients with IBS-D.
Assuntos
Colite/complicações , Colite/epidemiologia , Diarreia/complicações , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/complicações , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Colite/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Adulto JovemRESUMO
In order to determine the existence of synergism of the bacteriostatic action of flavonoids against G(+) bacteria between a clinically interesting conventional antibiotic and a flavonoid, combinations of oxacillin (OXC) and 2,4-dihydroxychalcone (DCH) as enhancer were assayed against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29 213 and methicillin-resistant S. aureus ATCC 43 300. Using a kinetic-turbidimetric method, growth kinetics was monitored in a broth containing variable amounts of OXC alone and combinations of variable OXC-constant DCH. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of OXC alone and in combination with DCH were evaluated. For the 29 213 strain, OXC MIC was 25 microg/mL, while combinations of 2-8 microg/mL OXC with 10 microg/mL of DCH totally inhibited growth and showed synergism. The resistance of the 43 300 strain in the presence of OXC was verified; OXC-DCH combinations decreased bacterial growth by 35 %. DCH augments the action of OXC against methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and therefore constitutes a good bacteriostatic agent for methicillin-resistant S. aureus.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Chalconas/farmacologia , Oxacilina/farmacologia , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Interações Medicamentosas , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Nefelometria e Turbidimetria , Staphylococcus aureus/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Natural and synthetic substituted chalcones, flavones and flavanones were tested for antibacterial activity. In order to determine synergism, new combinations of substituted flavonoids against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes were assayed. The results allow us to establish relationships between antimicrobial effect of the compounds and membrane structures of these microorganisms. When flavonoid combinations were employed a stronger effect was found against E. coli than against S. aureus. This fact is due to the existence of porins in the outer membrane of G(-)-bacteria. The compound that acts as enhancer acts by blocking the charges of amino acids in the porins and thus facilitates the passage of the other compound by diffusion into the bacterial cell.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Enterobacter aerogenes/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/química , Membrana Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Enterobacter aerogenes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Escherichia coli/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Flavonoides/química , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Staphylococcus aureus/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The stroke-specific quality of life scale (ECVI-38) is the first Spanish-language instrument for evaluating the quality of life in individuals who have survived a stroke. AIM: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the third version of the ECVI-38. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 243 stroke survivors were interviewed 2 months-2 years after the event; 61 of them were surveyed again 7-14 days later and 74 others were interviewed on beginning and ending a two-month period of rehabilitation. Gold standard methods for this type of research were used to evaluate the psychometric properties (acceptability, reliability, validity and sensitivity to change). RESULTS. The ECVI was acceptable, with means close to the medians, a high degree of variability of the sample and a ceiling/floor effect below 20%, except for the odd exception. It displayed good reliability with internal consistence, with a Cronbach's alpha value of between 0.79 and 0.95, and a test-retest with intraclass correlation coefficients between 0.81 and 0.96. It satisfied the validity criteria both in analyses within the scale and in analyses against external criteria: it distinguishes well between different degrees of neurological, emotional and cognitive compromise. Sensitivity to change, at eight weeks after rehabilitation, was between moderate and high in most domains: there were significant differences between the scores for the domains, and the size of the effect was above 0.5. CONCLUSIONS: The ECVI-38 is acceptable, valid and reliable for evaluating the spectrum of consequences and recovery from a stroke, and its result changes in proportion to recovery.
Assuntos
Qualidade de Vida , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
We studied an 8-year-old boy after a near-drowning left him in a vegetative state (VS) for 4 years before the study. Findings fulfilled all clinical criteria for the diagnosis of VS. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there was significant differential activation of the brain in response to hearing his mother's voice compared with the voices of unknown women. The data were assessed using quantitative electric tomography (QEEGt), a technique that combines anatomical information of the brain by MRI with EEG patterns to estimate the sources of the EEG within the brain. We found significant differences for EEG frequencies from 14-58 Hz, with a peak at 33.2 Hz (gamma band). The 3D reconstruction showed that these statistical differences were localized in the lateral and posterior regions of the left hemisphere. No significant differences were found between unknown women vs. basal conditions. These results demonstrate recognition of the mother's voice and indicate high-level residual linguistic processing in a patient meeting clinical criteria for VS. These findings launch new ethical and practical implications for the management of VS patients.
Assuntos
Mães , Estado Vegetativo Persistente/fisiopatologia , Reconhecimento Psicológico/fisiologia , Voz , Criança , Eletroencefalografia , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , MasculinoRESUMO
The objective of our study is to determine the predictive value of QEEG in patients suffering from an acute ischemic cerebral stroke. Twenty-eight patients were studied within the first 72 hours of clinical evolution of middle cerebral artery territory ischemic stroke. Thirty-seven QEEG recordings were obtained: 13 in the first 24 hours after cerebral stroke onset, 9 between 24-48 hours and 15 between 48-72 hours. Absolute Energies (AE) were the QEEG selected variables for statistical analysis: first, AE Z values were calculated using the Cuban QEEG norms, then the maximum and minimum AE Z values were selected within each frequency band and total power. The medians of the five neighboring Z values were also chosen. Regression models were estimated using the RANKIN scores as dependent variables and the selected QEEG variables as independent, then outcome predictions at hospital discharge and 3 months later were calculated. Percentages of concordance and errors between the estimated and real outcome scores were obtained. Alpha and theta AE were the best predictor for short-term outcome and delta AE for long-term outcome. We conclude that QEEG performed within the first 72 hours of ischemic stroke might be a powerful tool predicting short- and long-term outcome.
Assuntos
Eletroencefalografia/métodos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Análise de Regressão , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
A significant effect, on the rheological behavior, due to the electrical properties of vesicles formed from concentrated soy lecithin dispersions have been studied in this work. The rheopectic behavior of concentrated soy lecithin dispersions (120, 150, 180, 210 and 240 g L-1) prepared by swelling-light sonication-freezing-unfreezing procedure is studied and it is specially emphasized on the transition under steady shear from lamellar phase of planar sheets to closed structures as multilamellar vesicles. Samples have been exposed to a different number of sonication cycles (from 0 to 100) and the changes in the hysteresis loop area, the apparent viscosity and the electrophoretic mobility have been studied. When the number of sonication cycles increases, the size and number of bilayers of these multilamellar vesicles decrease and therefore the total number of the vesicles and the volume fraction occupied by them show an increase.
Assuntos
Glycine max/química , Fosfatidilcolinas/química , Reologia , Sonicação , Propriedades de Superfície , ViscosidadeRESUMO
The authors reviewed all cases of type I spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) in Cuba over a 6-year period. The incidence of SMA type I was 3.53 per 100,000 livebirths. When the population was classified according to self-reported ethnicity, the incidence was eight per 100,000 for whites; 0.89 per 100,000 for blacks, and 0.96 per 100,000 for those of mixed ethnicity. Type 1 SMA may occur less frequently in individuals of African ancestry.
Assuntos
Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Músculo Esquelético/patologia , Músculo Esquelético/fisiopatologia , Atrofias Musculares Espinais da Infância/epidemiologia , População Negra/genética , Cromossomos Humanos Par 5/genética , Estudos de Coortes , Cuba/epidemiologia , Proteína de Ligação ao Elemento de Resposta ao AMP Cíclico/genética , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Éxons/genética , Feminino , Testes Genéticos , Variação Genética/genética , Heterozigoto , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Mutação/genética , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/genética , Prevalência , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/genética , Proteínas do Complexo SMN , Distribuição por Sexo , Atrofias Musculares Espinais da Infância/etnologia , Atrofias Musculares Espinais da Infância/genética , População Branca/genéticaRESUMO
Paclitaxel (Px) is a cancer chemotherapeutic agent that causes bone marrow (BM) cytotoxicity by microtubule stabilization and by modifications in the expression of several genes. Hematopoietic progenitors show severe alterations following Px injury. Erythropoietic recovery should be accompanied by changes in the expression of transcription factors such as c-MYB, GATA-1, NF-E2, Bcl-x(L), and erythropoietin receptor (Epo-R). The aim of this work was to study the in vivo recovery of erythropoiesis and to correlate transcription factors, Bcl-x(L), and Epo-R expressions to apoptosis and changes in proliferation of murine erythroid progenitors following a single dose of Px (29 mg/kg, i.p.). BM total and differential cellularities, apoptosis (TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling [TUNEL] assay), clonogenic assays, and immunoblots for transcription factors, Epo-R, and Bcl-x(L) were performed each day for 5 days post-injury. Apoptosis (24 +/- 0.81%, P < 0.01), inhibition of colony growth (burst-forming units-erythroid [BFU-E] and granulocyte-erythroid-macrophage [GEM]), and decrease in BM cellularities (28 +/- 4.2% of control) were maximal at 24 h following Px. The highest apoptosis was concomitant with the lowest BM cellularities. Apoptosis returned to normal values (3.08 +/- 0.61%) by day 3 post-Px. Up-regulation of c-MYB, GATA-1, Epo-R, and Bcl-x(L) expressions were observed between 24 and 48 h following Px. Correlations among c-MYB, GATA-1, Bcl-x(L), and Epo-R were extremely significant. Maximal expression of NF-E2 was observed on day 3 concomitant with the rise (threefold) of early erythroid precursors (BFU-E). Thus, cells that survive injury seem to be stimulated to produce early (24-48 h) erythroid-related and antiapoptotic proteins. Therefore, the results suggest an in vivo interplay between specific transcription factors and Bcl-x(L) during progenitor cell survival and proliferation; mechanisms triggered to restore size and composition of the erythroid compartment.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/toxicidade , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Eritropoese/efeitos dos fármacos , Genes myb/genética , Paclitaxel/toxicidade , Receptores da Eritropoetina/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Animais , Células da Medula Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular , Ensaio de Unidades Formadoras de Colônias , Células Precursoras Eritroides/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de Ligação de DNA Eritroide Específicos , Feminino , Fator de Transcrição GATA1 , Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Genes bcl-1/genética , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Immunoblotting , Marcação In Situ das Extremidades Cortadas , Cinética , Camundongos , Fator de Transcrição NF-E2 , Subunidade p45 do Fator de Transcrição NF-E2 , Receptores da Eritropoetina/biossínteseRESUMO
Paclitaxel is a drug widely used in several oncological trials. Like other antineoplastics, it causes severe neutropenia. However, its effects on erythropoiesis are not as well known. This study analyzes the recovery of normal murine hematopoiesis after single dose paclitaxel administration (29 mg/kg i.p.) over 20 days. Different assays were used to analyze the restorative kinetics from primitive early progenitors to mature functional erythroid cells. Proliferation of the erythroid compartment was assessed by DNA microculture assays in medullar and splenic cells stimulated with recombinant human erythropoietin (rh Epo 0-500 mU/ml). Enhancement of early hematopoietic progenitors was determined using clonogenic assays and erythroid terminal maturation by 59Fe incorporation. Peripheral hematologic parameters and cellularities in both tissues were also determined on each day of the experimental schedule. At 2 days post-paclitaxel treatment, medullar cellularity diminished drastically (> 90%) and 59Fe incorporation decreased in all compartments. DNA assay revealed maximum sensitivity to Epo (p < 0.05 with 15 mU/ml) while clonogenic cultures failed to show significant results. At 5 days both bone marrow and spleen semisolid cultures showed great expansion of early hematopoietic progenitors (about 5- and 83-fold. respectively). Hormonal sensitivity decreased progressively along the experiment. Splenic cultures showed a linear dose-response to rh Epo at day 5 post-paclitaxel administration (p < 0.05 with 125 mU/ml). Medullar and splenic total progenitor colony-forming units (CFU) scorings with and without rh Epo revealed a notable enhancement at 5 days post-paclitaxel treatment. Data from this study suggest that paclitaxel causes deep injury in the erythropoietic compartment, including temporary variations of Epo sensitivity in late bone marrow erythroid progenitors, early multilineage hematopoietic explosion and terminal erythroid precursors depletion as a result of a complex microenvironmental restitutive regulation.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Células Precursoras Eritroides/efeitos dos fármacos , Eritropoese/efeitos dos fármacos , Paclitaxel/farmacologia , Animais , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/sangue , Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaio de Unidades Formadoras de Colônias , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Eritropoetina/farmacologia , Feminino , Radioisótopos de Ferro/metabolismo , Camundongos , Células Mieloides/efeitos dos fármacos , Paclitaxel/administração & dosagem , Paclitaxel/sangue , Proteínas Recombinantes , Baço/citologia , Baço/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: A significant number of patients who have had cerebrovascular illness apparently recover their former abilities completely but return to normal life with subtle cognitive deficits which may affect their daily lives. Such is the situation of patients with transitory ischemic accidents who present with sustained, undiagnosed attention deficits. OBJECTIVES: To identify subclinical alterations due to attention deficits in patients with transitory ischemic accidents, and to contribute to the study of the physiopathological mechanisms involved in the integration of this function. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We examined 44 persons, divided into three groups for this study: one group had vertebro-basilar transitory ischemic accidents, a second group had supratentorial infarct and a third was healthy. All were given a specially designed computerized test of continuous work to evaluate the sustained attention component. RESULTS: Significant differences were found between the transitory ischemic accidents and healthy groups, regarding the variables including correct answers, omissions and indications of attention. This was not seen with the variables involving reaction time and number of errors. This demonstrated the existence of attention disorders involving omission in the group of patients with transitory ischemic accidents. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest the hypothesis that in the vertebro-basilar region there are important mechanisms involved in the process of sustained attention.