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Stereotactic needle biopsy stands as a crucial method for diagnosing intracranial lesions unsuitable for surgical intervention. Nonetheless, the potential for sampling errors lead to innovative approaches to enhance diagnostic precision. This study contrasts the outcomes of patients undergoing fluorescein-assisted frameless stereotactic needle biopsy with those receiving traditional biopsies to evaluate the impact on diagnostic accuracy and safety. This study included patients with contrast-enhancing intracranial lesions, comprising a prospective group undergoing fluorescein-assisted biopsies and a retrospective group undergoing conventional biopsies at the same institution. We've collected data on demographics, procedural specifics, diagnostic outcomes, and postoperative events. A comparative analysis involved 43 patients who received fluorescein-assisted biopsies against 77 patients who underwent conventional biopsies. The average age was 60.5 years. The fluorescein group exhibited a 93% success rate in diagnosis, markedly higher than the 70.1% in the non-fluorescein group (OR = 5.67; 95%IC: 1.59-20.24; p < 0.01). The rate of complications was statistically similar across both cohorts. Despite its established value, stereotactic needle biopsy is susceptible to inaccuracies and complications. The application of fluorescence-based adjuncts like 5-ALA and fluorescein has been investigated to improve diagnostic fidelity and reduce risks. These technologies potentially minimize the necessity for multiple biopsies, decrease surgical duration, and provide immediate verification of tumor presence. Fluorescein-assisted stereotactic biopsy emerges as an effective, secure alternative to conventional methods.

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BACKGROUND/AIM: Crown fractures are common traumatic dental injuries and tooth fragment reattachment is a viable option for restoring a fractured tooth. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and experience of dentists in the Federal District regarding the tooth fragment reattachment technique for enamel and dentin fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the cross-sectional observational study, an electronic form was designed with objective and self-report questions for dentists. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, with their absolute and relative frequencies. For the analysis of categorical variables, the nonparametric chi-squared or Fisher exact association tests were used in the statistical software R (version 4.2.1). RESULTS: A total of 416 dentists participated in the study (58.9% female and 41.1% male). Of these, 70% declared they knew about fragment reattachment, but only 42.3% reported previous experience with this procedure. The most common storage medium used for the fractured fragment was milk (78.1%), and the bonding material used for reattachment was light-cured composite resin (86.3%). A majority (66.3%) reported that for a patient with enamel and dentin fracture, with the crown fragment in good condition, they would choose to do the reattachment. CONCLUSION: Dentists demonstrated that they had adequate knowledge about the tooth fragment technique, although many did not have previous experience with this procedure.

RESUMO

This case involved a 2-year-old neutered male domestic mixed-breed cat that was rescued from the street eight months earlier. The animal presented with weakness, hyporexia, progressive weight loss, fatigue, uveitis, pale mucous membranes, dehydration (7%), and pelvic limb paresis. Aqueous humor was collected for molecular analysis for the differential diagnosis of potential etiological agents [Feline coronavirus (FCoV), Feline leukemia virus (FeLV), Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptococcus spp., Felid herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) and Bartonella spp.] of feline uveitis. The sample was positive by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for FCoV and RT-qPCR and real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for FeLV and qPCR FIV. The cat was euthanized due to poor clinical outcomes and prognosis. A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample was collected and tested, and the same pathogens were found in the aqueous humor. Small-cell follicular multicenter lymphoma and multifocal pyogranulomatous meningoencephalitis were observed upon histopathological analysis. In this study, aqueous humor and cerebrospinal fluid samples were efficient for the detection of coinfection with FIV, FeLV, and FCoV.

O caso refere-se a um gato de dois anos de idade, sem raça definida, resgatado da rua há oito meses. O animal apresentava fraqueza, hiporexia, emagrecimento progressivo, cansaço fácil, uveíte, mucosas pálidas, desidratação (7%) e paresia de membros pélvicos. O humor aquoso foi coletado para o diagnóstico molecular diferencial de potenciais agentes etiológicos [coronavírus felino (FCoV), vírus da leucemia felina (FeLV), vírus da imunodeficiência felina (FIV), Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptococcus spp., herpesvírus felino tipo 1 (FHV-1) and Bartonella spp.] causadores de uveíte felina. A amostra foi positiva na reação em cadeia da polimerase precedida por transcrição reversa em tempo real (RT-qPCR) para FCoV, RT-qPCR e reação em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real (qPCR) para FeLV e qPCR para FIV. O animal foi submetido à eutanásia - devido ao quadro clínico e prognóstico desfavorável. Amostra de líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR) foi coletada e testada, confirmando a identificação dos mesmos patógenos encontrados no humor aquoso. Linfoma multicêntrico folicular de pequenas células e meningoencefalite piogranulomatosa multifocal foram observados na análise histopatológica. Neste relato, as amostras de humor aquoso e líquido cefalorraquidiano foram eficientes para a detecção de coinfecção por FIV, FeLV e FCoV.

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Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of frameless and frame-based techniques for biopsies of intracranial lesions in an exclusive assistance service at a public health center in Brazil (SUS). Method A review of 65 medical records of patients with brain lesions who underwent a frame-based or frameless biopsy from September 2017 to July 2019 was performed. Results Among the 65 patients who underwent biopsy, 42 were male, and 23 were female. The mean age was 53.1 years. Most patients (49; 75.4%) presented hemispheric lesions, and, of these, 27 were in the frontal lobe (41,5%). The diagnostic rate was 78.5% (51 of 65 patients), and glial neoplasia was the most common diagnosis. In addition to glial neoplasia, a wide range of pathologies were diagnosed, such as toxoplasmosis, metastasis, lymphoma, inflammatory lesions, and abscesses. Among the 14 patients (21.5%) with inconclusive results, 8 had gliosis without neoplasia (12.3%), 4 had necrosis (6.1%), and 2 had insufficient samples (3%). The morbidity rate was 9.2%, with 4 cases of hemorrhage, 1 case of infection, and 1 case of worsening of neurological deficits. The mortality rate was 6.1% and occurred in all cases with hemorrhage. There were no significant differences in the diagnosis or complication (morbidity and mortality) rates between the frame-based and frameless groups. Conclusion The frame-based and frameless techniques for stereotactic biopsy present similar efficacy and safety.

Objetivo Comparar a eficácia e a segurança das técnicas frameless e frame-based para biópsias de lesões intracranianas em um serviço de atendimento exclusivo de um centro de saúde público do Brasil (SUS). Método Foi realizada uma revisão de 65 prontuários de pacientes com lesões cerebrais submetidos a biópsia com ou sem moldura no período de setembro de 2017 a julho de 2019. Resultados Dos 65 pacientes submetidos à biópsia, 42 eram do sexo masculino e 23 do sexo feminino. A média de idade foi de 53,1 anos. A maioria dos pacientes (49; 75,4%) apresentava lesões hemisféricas e, destes, 27 eram no lobo frontal (41,5%). A taxa de diagnóstico foi de 78,5% (51 de 65 pacientes), e a neoplasia glial foi o diagnóstico mais comum. Além da neoplasia glial, foram diagnosticadas diversas patologias, como toxoplasmose, metástase, linfoma, lesões inflamatórias e abscessos. Dos 14 pacientes (21,5%) com resultados inconclusivos, 8 apresentavam gliose sem neoplasia (12,3%), 4 apresentavam necrose (6,1%) e 2 apresentavam amostras insuficientes (3%). A taxa de morbidade foi de 9,2%, com 4 casos de hemorragia, 1 caso de infecção e 1 caso de agravamento de déficits neurológicos. A taxa de mortalidade foi de 6,1% e ocorreu em todos os casos com hemorragia. Não houve diferenças significativas nas taxas de diagnóstico ou complicações (morbidade e mortalidade) entre os grupos frame-based e frameless. Conclusão As técnicas frame-based e frameless para biópsia estereotáxica apresentam eficácia e segurança semelhantes.

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Objetivo: A cárie radicular é um problema da Odontologia moderna, porém é notável a falta de diretrizes sobre o seu manejo. Objetivamos elaborar e adaptar um guia a partir da tradução das recomendações do consenso in-ternacional European Organization for Caries Research (ORCA) e European Federation of Conservative Dentistry (EFCD) para as tomadas de decisão clínica na intervenção do processo de cárie na pessoa idosa, com foco na cárie radicular. Materiais e métodos: O protocolo de tradução das recomendações do consenso internacional consistiu nas etapas: (1) tradução inicial, (2) síntese da tradução, (3) retradução, (4) revisão por comitê de especialistas, com adaptação cultural. A partir da tradução, foi desenvolvido um guia com diretrizes para tratamento de cárie radicular no Brasil. Resultados: Para prevenção de novas lesões é recomendada a escovação diária com dentifrício >1.500ppm/F. Dentifrícios com 5.000ppm/F ou vernizes (>20.000ppm/F) podem ser indicados para paralisar lesões radiculares ativas e para prevenção em pessoas idosas com alta suscetibilidade à cárie radicular, e o Diamino Fluoreto de Prata (>30%) para paralisar lesões ativas. Intervenções invasi-vas diretas são indicadas dependendo da situação clínica. Discussão: Nota-se uma falta de interesse em estudos primários sobre tratamentos para cárie radicular, criando assim uma lacuna em relação ao seu manejo, que reflete no nível de evidência detectado pelo consenso. Conclusão: Guias clíni-cos são importantes para reduzir a lacuna entre a pesquisa e a prática clínica. Essa tradução para o português facilitará o acesso dos dentistas bra-sileiros em relação a evidência consolidada até o momento para o manejo de cárie radicular.

Aim: Root caries are a problem in modern dentistry, but the lack of guidelines regarding their management is notable. We aim to develop and adapt a guide based on the translation of the recommendations of the international consensus as outlined by the European Organization for Caries Research (ORCA) and the European Federation of Conservative Dentistry (EFCD) for clinical decision-making in the intervention of the caries process in the elderly, with a focus on root caries. Materials and methods: The protocol for translating the recommendations of the international consensus consisted of the following steps: (1) initial translation, (2) synthesis of the translation, (3) back-translation, (4) review by an expert committee with cultural adaptation. Based on the translation, a guide was developed with guidelines for the treatment of root caries in Brazil. Results: To prevent new lesions, daily brushing with toothpaste >1,500ppm/F is recommended. Toothpaste with 5,000ppm/F or varnishes (>20,000ppm/F) may be recommended to paralyze active root lesions and for prevention in elderly people with high susceptibility to root caries, and Silver Diamine Fluoride (>30%) to paralyze active lesions. Direct invasive interventions are indicated depending on the clinical situation. Discussion: There is a lack of interest in primary studies on treatments for root caries, thus creating a gap in relation to its management, which is reflected by the level of evidence detected in the consensus. Conclusion: Clinical guidelines are important to reduce the gap between research and clinical practice. This translation into Portuguese will facilitate access by Brazilian dentists to the consolidated evidence gathered to date for the management of root caries.

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Purpose: Resin-based materials have been preheated by using different techniques and commercial devices. However, a consensus on the clinical protocol for cementing with preheated composite resins is lacking. The aim of this scoping review was to identify the different methods used for heating composite resins as used for cementing indirect adhesive restorations and to determine the benefits and limitations. Study Selection. A search was performed on PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, LIVIVO, and the nonpeer-reviewed literature database. Studies on preheating composite resins for cementing indirect restorations were included, with no restrictions on the type of study, year of publication, or language. The following data were extracted: preheating technique, the device used for preheating, preset temperature, and warming time. Results: In total, 304 studies were identified. After removing duplicates, 270 articles were selected, and 14 articles were included in the final evaluation. Half of the included studies reported similar preheating techniques using the Calset device for composite resins. The temperatures of 54°C and 68°C were most frequently reported, with a mean warming time of 5 minutes. Conclusions: Preheating composite resins for the cementation of indirect restorations reduces viscosity, but the material must be used promptly after removal from the device. Practical Implications. Different methodologies for preheating composite resins have been reported and used in clinical dental practice. To achieve good results and guide the clinician on use, the techniques for heating composite resins for cementation need to be standardized. Keeping the material warm until the restorative procedure, the thickness of the indirect restoration, and the composition of the composite resins can directly affect the outcome of the procedure.

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Rabies is a fatal zoonosis of world importance that in many aspects is still neglected. Due to national vaccination campaigns for dogs and cats, there has been a drastic reduction in the number of cases of human rabies transmitted by dogs. However, due to species peculiarities, the cat can act as an important link in the epidemiological chain of rabies. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate Brazilian data on canine and feline rabies surveillance to determine the importance of the cat in the current context of rabies epidemiology. In Brazil, recent cases of ORCID ID 1. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0764-5234 2. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6569-749X 3. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2999-323X human rabies transmitted by cats have been reported, showing the importance of this species in the epidemiological chain of the disease.(AU)

A raiva é uma zoonose fatal de importância mundial que em muitos aspectos ainda é negligenciada. Devido às campanhas nacionais de vacinação de cães e gatos, houve uma redução drástica no número de casos de raiva humana transmitida por cães. Contudo, por peculiaridades da espécie, o gato doméstico pode atuar como um elo importante na cadeia epidemiológica da raiva. Posto isto, objetivou-se avaliar os dados brasileiros da vigilância da raiva canina e felina para se determinar a importância do gato no contexto atual da epidemiologia da raiva. No Brasil, casos recentes de raiva humana transmitida por gatos foram relatados, evidenciando a importância dessa espécie na cadeia epidemiológica da doença.(AU)

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Objective: Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) affect the aesthetics and function of primary teeth and can cause sequelae in their permanent successors. This study assessed the distribution of TDIs and sequelae in the primary dentition and the respective permanent dentition in children treated at the Dental Trauma Centre in Brazil. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted by collecting data from 256 dental records over 7 years. Descriptive statistical analyses and the Fisher exact test were used (p=0.05). Results: Sixty-two patients presented with trauma in the deciduous teeth. TDIs were observed mostly in boys (64.50%) and in the 2 to 4-year age group (44.10%); most injuries occurred from fall from the child's own height (40.30%) and at home (71.20%). The most common type of trauma was subluxation (22.90%). The most prevalent clinical and radiographic sequelae were mobility (45.60%) and periapical lesion (31.80%), respectively. Regarding the permanent dentition, the most frequent sequela was hypomineralization (33.30%). Conclusion:According to this study, TDIs in deciduous teeth made up 29.24% of all the cases in the Dental Trauma Program. The major type of trauma in children was subluxation, with sequelae in both dentitions. Follow-up after trauma is important to the maintenance of primary dentition and to prevent and treat possible sequelae in the permanent dentition.(AU)

Objetivo: Lesões dentárias traumáticas (TDIs) afetam a estética e a função dos dentes decíduos e podem causar sequelas em sucessores permanentes. Este estudo avaliou a distribuição das TDIs e sequelas na dentição decídua e sua respectiva dentição permanente em crianças atendidas no Centro de Trauma Odontológico no Brasil. Material e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado por meio da coleta de dados de 256 prontuários odontológicos ao longo de 7 anos. Foram utilizadas análises estatísticas descritivas e teste exato de Fisher (p <0,05). Resultados:Sessenta e dois pacientes apresentaram trauma na dentição decídua. As TDIs foram observadas principalmente em meninos (64,50%) e na faixa etária de 2 a 4 anos (44,10%); a maioria das lesões ocorreu por queda da própria altura (40,30%) e em casa (71,20%). O tipo de trauma mais comum foi a subluxação (22,90%). As sequelas clínicas e radiográficas mais prevalentes foram mobilidade (45,60%) e lesão periapical (31,80%), respectivamente. Em relação à dentição permanente, a sequela mais frequente foi a hipomineralização (33,30%). Conclusão: De acordo com este estudo, as TDIs em dentes decíduos foram de 29,24% de todos os casos do Programa de Trauma Dental. O principal tipo de trauma em crianças foi a subluxação, com sequelas em ambas as dentições. O acompanhamento após o trauma é importante para a manutenção da dentição decídua e para prevenir e tratar possíveis sequelas na dentição permanente. (AU)

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Leaf-cutting ants of the genus Acromyrmex cause serious damage to cultivated forest areas. Some flies of the family Phoridae are known to parasitize them, and the result of this interaction can provide a promising basis for the management of these ants. This study was developed to record the parasitism and behavioral responses of Acromyrmex spp. leaf-cutting ants to parasitoid phorids in the municipality of Londrina-PR, Brazil. Visual examinations and collections of leaf-cutting ants and associated phorids were carried out between October/2019 and April/2020 in selected anthills and their trails, located on the campus of the State University of Londrina (UEL) and at the Botanical Garden of Londrina. The collected insects were preserved in 70% alcohol, for later identification of the species. The behavioral response of the ants to the parasitoids was recorded individually and collectively, following protocols cited in the literature. The frequencies of the different response behaviors exhibited by the attacked ants were compared using analysis of variance. The leaf-cutting ant species Acromyrmex coronatus and Acromyrmex crassispinus were found at the two evaluated sites. Myrmosicarius catharinensis was the only species of parasitoid phorid found, which attacked both ant species. Although the occurrence of M. catharinensis has been reported in other Brazilian states and its association with A. crassispinus recorded in Buenos Aires, Argentina, this is the first report of the occurrence of the phorid in the state of Paraná with a new association for the species A. coronatus. Under foraging action by the parasitoid, 63.5% of the ants exhibited only one behavioral response, while 36.5% showed two. Accelerated walking, attempting to "bite" the parasitoid, and adopting a 'C' posture were the most frequent behavioral responses to avoid parasitism [...].(AU)

Formigas-cortadeiras do gênero Acromyrmex causam sérios prejuízos em áreas florestais cultivadas. Algumas moscas pertencentes à família Phoridae são conhecidas por parasitá-las e o resultado dessa interação pode fornecer bases promissoras para o manejo destas formigas. Este estudo objetivou registrar o parasitismo e as respostas comportamentais de formigas-cortadeiras Acromyrmex spp. aos forídeos parasitoides no município de Londrina, PR. Entre outubro/2019 e abril/2020 foram realizadas inspeções visuais e coletas de formigas-cortadeiras e forídeos associados em formigueiros selecionados e suas trilhas, situados no Campus da Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL) e no Jardim Botânico de Londrina. Os insetos coletados foram preservados em álcool 70%, para posterior identificação das espécies. O registro comportamental das formigas aos parasitoides foi realizado a nível individual e coletivo, seguindo protocolos citados em literatura. As frequências entre os diferentes comportamentos de resposta exibidos pelas formigas atacadas foram comparadas por meio de análise de variância. As espécies de formigas cortadeiras Acromyrmex coronatus e Acromyrmex crassispinus foram encontradas nos dois locais avaliados. Myrmosicarius catharinensis foi a única espécie de forídeo parasitoide encontrada e atacou as duas espécies de formigas. Embora a ocorrência de M. catharinensis seja relatada para outros estados brasileiros e sua associação com A. crassispinus registrada em Buenos Aires - Argentina, este é o primeiro relato da ocorrência do forídeo no Paraná com nova associação para a espécie A. coronatus. Sob a ação de forrageamento do parasitoide, 63,5% das formigas apresentaram apenas uma resposta comportamental, enquanto 36,5% apresentaram duas respostas comportamentais [...].(AU)

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Leaf-cutting ants of the genus Acromyrmex cause serious damage to cultivated forest areas. Some flies of the family Phoridae are known to parasitize them, and the result of this interaction can provide a promising basis for the management of these ants. This study was developed to record the parasitism and behavioral responses of Acromyrmex spp. leaf-cutting ants to parasitoid phorids in the municipality of Londrina-PR, Brazil. Visual examinations and collections of leaf-cutting ants and associated phorids were carried out between October/2019 and April/2020 in selected anthills and their trails, located on the campus of the State University of Londrina (UEL) and at the Botanical Garden of Londrina. The collected insects were preserved in 70% alcohol, for later identification of the species. The behavioral response of the ants to the parasitoids was recorded individually and collectively, following protocols cited in the literature. The frequencies of the different response behaviors exhibited by the attacked ants were compared using analysis of variance. The leaf-cutting ant species Acromyrmex coronatus and Acromyrmex crassispinus were found at the two evaluated sites. Myrmosicarius catharinensis was the only species of parasitoid phorid found, which attacked both ant species. Although the occurrence of M. catharinensis has been reported in other Brazilian states and its association with A. crassispinus recorded in Buenos Aires, Argentina, this is the first report of the occurrence of the phorid in the state of Paraná with a new association for the species A. coronatus. Under foraging action by the parasitoid, 63.5% of the ants exhibited only one behavioral response, while 36.5% showed two. Accelerated walking, attempting to "bite" the parasitoid, and adopting a 'C' posture were the most frequent behavioral responses to avoid parasitism [...].

Formigas-cortadeiras do gênero Acromyrmex causam sérios prejuízos em áreas florestais cultivadas. Algumas moscas pertencentes à família Phoridae são conhecidas por parasitá-las e o resultado dessa interação pode fornecer bases promissoras para o manejo destas formigas. Este estudo objetivou registrar o parasitismo e as respostas comportamentais de formigas-cortadeiras Acromyrmex spp. aos forídeos parasitoides no município de Londrina, PR. Entre outubro/2019 e abril/2020 foram realizadas inspeções visuais e coletas de formigas-cortadeiras e forídeos associados em formigueiros selecionados e suas trilhas, situados no Campus da Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL) e no Jardim Botânico de Londrina. Os insetos coletados foram preservados em álcool 70%, para posterior identificação das espécies. O registro comportamental das formigas aos parasitoides foi realizado a nível individual e coletivo, seguindo protocolos citados em literatura. As frequências entre os diferentes comportamentos de resposta exibidos pelas formigas atacadas foram comparadas por meio de análise de variância. As espécies de formigas cortadeiras Acromyrmex coronatus e Acromyrmex crassispinus foram encontradas nos dois locais avaliados. Myrmosicarius catharinensis foi a única espécie de forídeo parasitoide encontrada e atacou as duas espécies de formigas. Embora a ocorrência de M. catharinensis seja relatada para outros estados brasileiros e sua associação com A. crassispinus registrada em Buenos Aires - Argentina, este é o primeiro relato da ocorrência do forídeo no Paraná com nova associação para a espécie A. coronatus. Sob a ação de forrageamento do parasitoide, 63,5% das formigas apresentaram apenas uma resposta comportamental, enquanto 36,5% apresentaram duas respostas comportamentais [...].

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Butanolides have shown a variety of biological effects including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiprotozoal effects against certain strains of Trypanosoma cruzi. Considering the lack of an effective drug to treat T. cruzi infections and the prominent results obtained in literature with this class of lactones, we investigated the anti-T. cruzi activity of five butanolides isolated from two species of Lauraceae, Aiouea trinervis and Mezilaurus crassiramea. Initially, the activity of these compounds was evaluated on epimastigote forms of the parasite, after a treatment period of 4 h, followed by testing on amastigotes, trypomastigotes, and mammalian cells. Next, the synergistic effect of active butanolides against amastigotes was evaluated. Further, metacyclogenesis inhibition and infectivity assays were performed for the most active compound, followed by ultrastructural analysis of the treated amastigotes and trypomastigotes. Among the five butanolides studied, majoranolide and isoobtusilactone A were active against all forms of the parasite, with good selectivity indexes in Vero cells. Both butanolides were more active than the control drug against trypomastigote and epimastigote forms and also had a synergic effect on amastigotes. The most active compound, isoobtusilactone A, which showed activity against all tested strains inhibited metacyclogenesis and infection of new host cells. In addition, ultrastructural analysis revealed that this butanolide caused extensive damage to the mitochondria of both amastigotes and trypomastigotes, resulting in severe morphological changes in the infective forms of the parasite. Altogether, our results highlight the potential of butanolides against the etiologic agent of Chagas disease and the relevance of isoobtusilactone A as a strong anti-T. cruzi drug, affecting different events of the life cycle and all evolutionary forms of parasite after a short period of exposure.

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BACKGROUND/AIMS: Traumatic dental injuries (TDI) are most prevalent during adolescence and infancy, and they have an important impact on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). The aim of this study was to assess the effect of dental treatment and the severity of TDI on the OHRQoL of schoolchildren in public schools in Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study evaluated schoolchildren aged 11 to 14 years in Brasilia, Brazil. The criteria used for the examinations were TDI-O'Brien criteria; Dental caries-DMFT criteria; and malocclusion-the Dental Aesthetic Index. The impact of oral health on the children's quality of life was assessed with the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ11-14 ) that was completed by the children while on the school premises. Socio-demographic information was also collected from the parents. Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric and association tests, as well as linear regression. RESULTS: A total of 20.2% of the students had some TDI in their permanent anterior teeth; 20% of traumatized teeth were treated, and 80% were not treated. Sorting by severity, 75.1% of the schoolchildren had a TDI involving only the enamel, and 24.9% had a TDI extending beyond the enamel. Significant differences were observed between the severity of a TDI and the total scores of CPQ11-14 (Kruskal-Wallis; p = 0.0026), emotional well-being (p = 0.0006), and social well-being (p = 0.0001) when the group with TDI extending beyond the enamel was compared with the other groups (control and with TDI involving only the enamel), even after adjustment for socio-demographic and clinical variables. For oral symptoms and functional limitation, no differences were observed among the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Dental trauma and fractures extending beyond the enamel, treated or not, have a negative impact on the OHRQoL of schoolchildren, suggesting effects on self-perception and in the social and emotional spheres.

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Strategies for the control of leaf-cutting ants have mainly involved granular baits based on fipronil and sulfluramid as active ingredients, which are commonly coated with attractive citrus-based substances. Their constant use and the lack of alternatives in the market may favor the perception of these substances by ants, causing rejection for foraging and consequent difficulty in their control. In this respect, this study examined the mortality of leaf-cutting ants of the genera Atta and Acromyrmex subjected to direct application with dry powders, in laboratory conditions. As a preliminary treatment, a commercial antiseptic talc powder (C. A. P. T.) was used, followed by isolated treatments that corresponded to its components with potential insecticidal action, namely, salicylic acid, sulfur, boric acid, zinc oxide, in addition to an inert talc powder (Quimidrol®) as the control. For each treatment, 40 (worker) ants, whose activity was reduced due to remaining in a refrigerator prior to the treatment, were placed in transparent crystal polystyrene ('Gerbox' type) and were sprinkled with a salt shaker. The ants were kept at 25 ± 2 °C, under a 12-h photophase, and cumulative mortality was recorded every 24 h, considering dead ants as those that were unable to maintain the natural position of their body, i.e., even dying ants were considered dead when they exhibited no reaction when touched by a paintbrush. When sprinkled on ants, C. A. P. T. causes 40% mortality in both species 24 h after application. Subsequent studies of the components of this commercial product have found that when sprinkled on both Atta sexdens rubropilosa and Acromyrmex crassispinus, salicylic acid causes 100% mortality of workers in the first 24 h. This result provides a new prospect of control through a low environmental-impact product, representing an alternative for control in nests in the field that can contribute to the integrated control of ants.(AU)

As estratégias de controle de formigas-cortadeiras têm sido realizadas principalmente com iscas granuladas, à base dos princípios ativos fipronil e sulfluramida, que são comumente revestidas por substâncias atrativas cítricas. O uso constante das mesmas e a falta de alternativas no mercado podem favorecer a percepção de tais substâncias pelas formigas, causando rejeição para forrageamento e consequente dificuldade do seu controle. Neste sentido, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a mortalidade de formigas-cortadeiras dos gêneros Atta e Acromyrmex, submetidas a aplicação direta com pós secos, em laboratório. Como tratamento preliminar, utilizou-se: um talco antisséptico comercial e, posteriormente seus componentes, com potencial ação inseticida, isoladamente, sendo: ácido salicílico, enxofre, ácido bórico, óxido de zinco, além de um talco inerte (Quimidrol®), como testemunha. Para cada tratamento foram utilizadas 40 formigas (operárias) acondicionadas em poliestireno cristal transparente (Tipo Gerbox), que foram polvilhadas com auxílio de um saleiro, estando com atividade reduzida, devido a permanência em geladeira, previamente ao tratamento. As formigas foram mantidas em 25 ± 2°C, fotofase de 12 horas e a mortalidade acumulada foi observada a cada 24 horas, considerando-se formigas mortas aquelas que não conseguiam manter a posição natural do corpo, ou seja, mesmo formigas moribundas foram consideradas mortas, quando não exibiam reação, ao serem tocadas por um pincel. O talco antisséptico comercial, quando polvilhado sobre as formigas, causa mortalidade de 40%, em ambas as espécies, 24 horas após as aplicações. Estudos subsequentes dos componentes do referido produto comercial detectaram que o ácido salicílico, quando polvilhado tanto para Atta sexdens rubropilosa quanto para Acromyrmex crassispinus, causa mortalidade de 100% das operárias nas primeiras 24 horas. Esse resultado abre uma nova perspectiva de controle, com produto de baixo impacto ambiental, sinalizando uma alternativa de controle em ninhos a campo, podendo contribuir para o controle integrado de formigas.(AU)

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The objective was to evaluate sowing density influence on hydroponic corn fodder bromatological composition, harvested in different ages raised on grass mix substrate. The experimental design used was completely randomized with six replications for each treatment, using 2.0 m² plots (1.0 x 2.0 m). The densities were distributed into factorial array (4x4), consisting in four sowing densities (1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 kg m-²) and four cutting ages (10, 15, 20 and 25 days). The dry matter content (DMC) and production (DMP) and crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), Fiber neutral detergent (FND) and ethereal extract (EE) were analyzed each cutting age. In terms of DMP (kg m-²), EE (%) and DMC (kg m-²), it is recommended to use the density 1.0 kg m-² with cutting age of 25 days. Regarding CP (%) the best result was at 15 days of cut and density 2.5 kg m-² and the values for FND (%) and ADF (%) were higher at 25 days at 2.0 kg density 2,0 kg m-². The choice of both best harvesting age and density will depend on what is desired of the nutritional forage (CP, EE, NDF, ADF, DMC and DMP) as well its destination, since very close values were found in all analyzes, regardless of density and age of harvest analyzed.

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The objective was to evaluate sowing density influence on hydroponic corn fodder bromatological composition, harvested in different ages raised on grass mix substrate. The experimental design used was completely randomized with six replications for each treatment, using 2.0 m² plots (1.0 x 2.0 m). The densities were distributed into factorial array (4x4), consisting in four sowing densities (1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 kg m-²) and four cutting ages (10, 15, 20 and 25 days). The dry matter content (DMC) and production (DMP) and crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), Fiber neutral detergent (FND) and ethereal extract (EE) were analyzed each cutting age. In terms of DMP (kg m-²), EE (%) and DMC (kg m-²), it is recommended to use the density 1.0 kg m-² with cutting age of 25 days. Regarding CP (%) the best result was at 15 days of cut and density 2.5 kg m-² and the values for FND (%) and ADF (%) were higher at 25 days at 2.0 kg density 2,0 kg m-². The choice of both best harvesting age and density will depend on what is desired of the nutritional forage (CP, EE, NDF, ADF, DMC and DMP) as well its destination, since very close values were found in all analyzes, regardless of density and age of harvest analyzed.(AU)

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ABSTRACT Exudative retinal detachment occurs when fluid accumulates between the neurosensory retina and the retinal pigment epithelium. Ocular diseases or multisystem conditions such as nephrotic syndrome may lead to exudative retinal detachment. This report describes a case of nephrotic syndrome secondary to minimal change disease, anasarca and bilateral serous macular detachment in an adult patient. A 75-year-old male patient presented to the emergency department with generalized edema, asthenia, and visual impairment. Medical history included a recent diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome secondary to minimal change disease, which had been controlled with corticosteroid therapy. At presentation, best corrected visual acuity was 20/100. Slit-lamp examination revealed xanthelasmas and mild bilateral eyelid edema and chemosis. Dilated fundus examination confirmed bilateral macular detachment. The patient did not respond to diuretic therapy. Ttherefore, hemodialysis was started. Two months later, visual acuity improved to 20/25 and near normal restoration of retinal anatomy was achieved, with concurrent remission of proteinuria. Exudative retinal detachment is a multifactorial condition. However, in diseases associated with severe hypoalbuminemia, such as nephrotic syndrome, low oncotic pressure in choroidal vessels and high interstitial pressure in the choroid may explain retinal detachment. Patients with chronic kidney disease carry a high risk of ophthalmic disease development. Several mechanisms that affect ocular vessels, the retina and the choroid are thought to be involved. A multidisciplinary approach is crucial to resolve the ophthalmic condition and improve overall health.

RESUMO O descolamento de retina exsudativo ocorre quando o fluido se acumula entre a retina neurossensorial e o epitélio pigmentado da retina. Patologias oculares isoladas ou doenças multissistêmicas, como a síndrome nefrótica, podem levar ao descolamento de retina exsudativo. Apresenta-se aqui o caso de um adulto com síndrome nefrótica por doença de lesões mínimas, anasarca e descolamento de retina exsudativo macular bilateral. Trata-se de um homem de 75 anos de idade, que recorreu ao serviço de urgência com edema generalizado, astenia e diminuição da acuidade visual. Os antecedentes pessoais incluíam diagnóstico recente de síndrome nefrótica secundária à doença de lesões mínimas, em uso de corticoterapia. Na apresentação, a melhor acuidade visual corrigida era 20/100. A biomicroscopia revelou xantelasmas, edema palpebral leve e quemose nos dois olhos. Fundoscopia mostrou descolamento macular bilateral. O doente iniciou diuréticos com pouca resposta clínica, tendo sido adicionada hemodiálise. Verificou-se melhora da acuidade visual para 20/25 e restauração quase total da anatomia da retina 2 meses após o início do tratamento, coincidindo com a remissão da proteinúria. A fisiopatologia dos descolamentos de retina exsudativos é multifatorial, mas, em doenças com hipoalbuminemia grave, como a síndrome nefrótica, a baixa pressão oncótica e a alta pressão intersticial na coroide podem explicar o descolamento macular exsudativo. Doentes com doença renal crônica constituem um grupo de risco para o desenvolvimento de doença ocular, envolvendo vários mecanismos que afetam vasos, retina e coroide. Uma abordagem multidisciplinar é crucial para a melhoria da doença oftalmológica e do estado geral do doente.

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BACKGROUND: Accurate allograft matching is deemed critical for meniscal transplantation; thus, precise measurements are essential to correctly calculate meniscal size. Several methods for meniscal sizing have been described, but there remains a discussion on which is the most accurate for the lateral meniscus. PURPOSE: To compare the accuracy of radiographic, anthropometric, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods of determining width and length of the lateral meniscus with actual dimensions after anatomic dissection. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: Ten fresh-frozen human cadaveric knees without any evidence of meniscal or ligamentous injury were primarily imaged using radiography and MRI and subsequently underwent dissection to assess the anatomic size of each meniscus. Four methods were used to predict the size of the lateral menisci: anthropometric, radiographic (Pollard and Yoon), and MRI. Absolute differences in length and width between actual and predicted sizes were determined. RESULTS: The anatomic lateral meniscal width and length were 33.01 ± 4.25 mm (mean ± SD; range, 24.84-40.18 mm) and 31.41 ± 5.06 mm (range, 25.2-40.05 mm), respectively. Regarding width, the anthropometric method demonstrated an absolute difference from anatomic measurement significantly greater when compared with the Pollard technique and MRI (P = .002). Regarding length, the Pollard method presented an absolute difference significantly greater than all other techniques (P = .003). In terms of the ability to measure width and length, MRI accurately predicted meniscal size within 10% of the anatomic size in 65% of measurements, the Yoon method in 54%, and the Pollard method in 20% (P = .01). Radiographs tended to overestimate the true size of the lateral meniscus, while the anthropometric technique overestimated width in all specimens. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that MRI and the Yoon radiographic method are comparable in terms of accuracy for graft sizing before lateral meniscal transplantation. While MRI is useful, a contralateral MRI is required, which makes the Yoon radiographic method recommended given the ease and cost advantage. The original Pollard technique and the anthropometric method are not recommended. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Over- and undersizing of meniscal transplants has been implicated in graft failure. Therefore, increasing the reliability of preoperative meniscal measurements is deemed important for the success of meniscal allograft transplantation.

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OBJECTIVE: To compare the survival of restorations placed in deep caries lesions after selective caries removal to soft dentin (SCRSD) over a 5-year period. A secondary aim was to investigate whether the material (amalgam or resin composite) affected the survival of restorations. METHODS: This study used data derived from a multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial (Clinical trials registration NCT00887952). Inclusion criteria were: patients with permanent molars presenting occlusal or proximal deep caries lesions (≥1/2 of the dentin thickness on radiographic examination), positive response to a cold test, absence of spontaneous pain, negative sensitivity to percussion, and absence of periapical lesions. The teeth were randomized into SCRSD and restoration in a single visit or stepwise excavation (SW). Each of these groups was divided according to the filling material: amalgam (AM) or resin composite (RC). Survival analyses were performed to estimate therapy success rates over 5 years (adjusted Weibull regression model). RESULTS: 172 restorations were evaluated, 95 from SCRSD group and 77 from SW group, being 61 AMG and 111 RC. The 5-year survival analysis showed similar success rates for SW (76 %) and SCRSD (79 %) as well as for AM and RC (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study showed that, after a 5-year follow-up period, the presence of decayed tissue beneath restorations in deep caries lesions did not seem to affect restoration survival. Amalgam and resin composite restorations had similar survival rates, irrespective of the caries removal technique used - SCRSD or SW. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Selective caries removal to soft dentin can be used in the management of deep caries to avoid pulp exposure and preserve tooth structure without affecting restoration longevity.

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In a search for new antitrypanosomal agents in the Brazilian flora, the ethanol extract of the xylopodium from Aiouea trinervis (Lauraceae) exhibited in vitro activity against the epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. Bioassay-guided chromatographic fractionation of the ethanol extract afforded three butanolides, isoobtusilactone A (1), epilitsenolide C2 (2), and epilitsenolide C1 (3). Butanolides 1 and 3 were more active against T. cruzi epimastigotes than the reference drug benznidazole (by 8.9-fold and 3.2-fold, respectively), while 2 proved inactive. Compounds 1 and 3 showed low cytotoxicity in mammalian Vero cells (CC50> 156 µmol L-1) and high selectivity index (SI) values for epimastigotes (SI = 56.8 and 28.6, respectively), and 1 was more selective than benznidazole (SI = 46.5). Butanolide 1 at 24 µmol L-1 also led to cell cycle alterations in epimastigote forms, and inhibited the growth of amastigote cells in more than 70 %. In silico ADMET properties of 1 were also analyzed and predicted favorable drug-like characteristics. This butanolide also complied with Lipinski's rule of five and was not predicted as interference compound (PAINS). This is the first report on the isolation of these bioactive butanolides under the guidance of in vitro trypanocidal activity against T. cruzi.

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BACKGROUND/AIMS: Following coronal tooth fracture, keeping the fragment hydrated is of the utmost importance in the tooth fragment bonding technique. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different immersion times in different storage media on multimode adhesive bonding between reattached fragments and teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 195 bovine incisors were fractured and randomized into the following storage groups (n = 15): G0-control group (sound tooth); GA-saline solution: for 1 hour (A1) or 24 hours (A2); GB-artificial saliva: for 1 hour (B1) or 24 hours (B2); GC-coconut water: for 1 hour (C1) or 24 hours (C2); GD-tap water: for 1 hour (D1) or 24 hours (D2); GE-milk: for 1 hour (E1) or 24 hours (E2); GF-dry (dehydration): for 1 hour (F1) or 24 hours (F2). Tooth fragments were then reattached using a multimode adhesive in a self-mode technique with a flowable resin composite. Fracture resistance was evaluated in a universal testing machine under a compressive load (1 mm/min). The data were submitted to two-way analysis of variance and the post hoc Tukey test (5%). RESULTS: The group submitted to the dehydration factor (GF) exhibited a mean value of 599.1 ± 144.2 N, while those submitted to all hydration protocols (GA, GB, GC, GD, GE) exhibited a mean value of 751.8 ± 285.4 N. Dehydration significantly affected the fracture strength values (P = .005). No significant interaction between the rewetting solutions was observed (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: Hydration of the tooth fragment increased fracture resistance, regardless of the storage solution and/or immersion time.

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