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BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide is produced by different nitric oxide synthases isoforms. NO activates two signaling pathways, one dependent on soluble guanylate cyclase and protein kinase G, and other where NO post-translationally modifies proteins through S-nitrosylation, which is the modification induced by NO in free-thiol cysteines in proteins to form S-nitrosothiols. High levels of NO have been detected in blood of breast cancer patients and increased NOS activity has been detected in invasive breast tumors compared to benign or normal breast tissue, suggesting a positive correlation between NO biosynthesis, degree of malignancy and metastasis. During metastasis, the endothelium plays a key role allowing the adhesion of tumor cells, which is the first step in the extravasation process leading to metastasis. This step shares similarities with leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium, and it is plausible that it may also share some regulatory elements. The vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expressed on the endothelial cell surface promotes interactions between the endothelium and tumor cells, as well as leukocytes. Data show that breast tumor cells adhere to areas in the vasculature where NO production is increased, however, the mechanisms involved are unknown. RESULTS: We report that the stimulation of endothelial cells with interleukin-8, and conditioned medium from breast tumor cells activates the S-nitrosylation pathway in the endothelium to induce leukocyte adhesion and tumor cell extravasation by a mechanism that involves an increased VCAM-1 cell surface expression in endothelial cells. We identified VCAM-1 as an S-nitrosylation target during this process. The inhibition of NO signaling and S-nitrosylation blocked the transmigration of tumor cells through endothelial monolayers. Using an in vivo model, the number of lung metastases was inhibited in the presence of the S-nitrosylation inhibitor N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which was correlated with lower levels of S-nitrosylated VCAM-1 in the metastases. CONCLUSIONS: S-Nitrosylation in the endothelium activates pathways that enhance VCAM-1 surface localization to promote binding of leukocytes and extravasation of tumor cells leading to metastasis. NAC is positioned as an important tool that might be tested as a co-therapy against breast cancer metastasis.
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Neoplasias da Mama , Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Adesão Celular , Células Endoteliais , Molécula 1 de Adesão de Célula Vascular/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Melanoma Maligno CutâneoRESUMO
The increased demand for avocado, and therefore production and consumption, generate large quantities of by-products such as seeds, peel, and defatted pulp, which account for approximately 30% of fruit weight, and which are commonly discarded and wasted. The present review focuses on various compounds present in avocado fruit and its by-products, with particular interest to those that can be potentially used in different industrial forms, such as nutraceuticals, to add to or to formulate functional foods, among other uses. Main molecular families of bioactive compounds present in avocado include phenolic compounds (such as hydroxycinnamic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids, flavonoids and proanthocyanins), acetogenins, phytosterols, carotenoids and alkaloids. Types, contents, and possible functions of these bioactive compounds are described from a chemical, biological, and functional approach. The use of avocado and its by-products requires using processing methods that allow highest yield with the least amount of unusable residues, while also preserving the integrity of bioactive compounds of interest. Avocado cultivar, fruit development, ripening stage, and processing methods are some of the main factors that influence the type and amount of extractable molecules. The phytochemical diversity of avocado fruit and its by-products make them potential sources of nutraceutical compounds, from which functional foods can be obtained, as well as other applications in food, health, pigment, and material sectors, among others.
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Persea , Frutas/química , Fenóis/análise , Compostos Fitoquímicos , Sementes/químicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of broad-spectrum infections both in the community and within healthcare settings. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a global public health issue. The aim of this study was to examine the clinical and molecular characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus isolates and to define the population structure and distribution of major MRSA clones isolated in a tertiary-care hospital in Mexico. RESULTS: From April 2017 to April 2018, 191 Staphylococcus aureus isolates were collected. The frequency of MRSA was 26.7%; these strains exhibited resistance to clindamycin (84.3%), erythromycin (86.2%), levofloxacin (80.3%), and ciprofloxacin (86.3%). The majority of MRSA strains harbored the SCCmec type II (76.4%) and t895 (56.8%) and t9364 (11.7%) were the most common spa types in both hospital-associated MRSA and community-associated MRSA isolates. ST5-MRSA-II-t895 (New York /Japan clone) and ST1011-MRSA-II-t9364 (New York /Japan-Mexican Variant clone) were the most frequently identified clones. Furthermore, different lineages of Clonal Complexes 5 (85.4%) and 8 (8.3%) were predominantly identified in this study. CONCLUSION: Our study provides valuable information about the epidemiology of MRSA in a city of the central region of Mexico, and this is the first report on the association between t895 and t9364 spa types and ST5 and ST1011 lineages, respectively. These findings support the importance of permanent surveillance of MRSA aimed to detect the evolutionary changes of the endemic clones and the emergence of new strains.
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Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/microbiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/classificação , Tipagem Molecular/métodos , Infecções Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/genética , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/isolamento & purificação , México/epidemiologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Filogenia , Prevalência , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Adulto JovemRESUMO
We show-both theoretically and experimentally-that Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering can be distilled. We present a distillation protocol that outputs a perfectly correlated system-the singlet assemblage-in the asymptotic infinite-copy limit, even for inputs that are arbitrarily close to being unsteerable. As figures of merit for the protocol's performance, we introduce the assemblage fidelity and the singlet-assemblage fraction. These are potentially interesting quantities on their own beyond the current scope. Remarkably, the protocol works well also in the nonasymptotic regime of few copies, in the sense of increasing the singlet-assemblage fraction. We demonstrate the efficacy of the protocol using a hyperentangled photon pair encoding two copies of a two-qubit state. This represents to our knowledge the first observation of deterministic steering concentration. Our findings are not only fundamentally important but may also be useful for semi-device-independent protocols in noisy quantum networks.
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The present study explored the effect of quercetin on the expression of virulence genes actA, inlA, inlC, and their regulatory components, sigB and prfA, in L. monocytogenes. Furthermore, the physicochemical changes on the surface, membrane permeability, and biofilm formation of quercetin-treated bacteria were evaluated. An inhibitory dose-dependent effect of quercetin (0.1-0.8 mM) was observed on the cell attachment on stainless steel at 2 and 6 h at 37 °C. Quercetin at 0.8 mM prevented the biofilm formation on stainless steel surfaces after 6 h of incubation at 37 °C, while the untreated bacteria formed biofilms with a cell density of 5.1 Log CFU/cm2. The microscopic analysis evidenced that quercetin at 0.2 mM decreased the biovolume and covered area of the attached micro-colonies. Also, sigB, prfA, inlA, inlC, and actA genes were downregulated by 7-29 times lower compared to untreated bacteria. In addition, quercetin decreased the superficial cell charge, increased the membrane permeability, and its surface hydrophobicity. These results demonstrated that quercetin prevented biofilm formation, repressed the genes of stress and virulence of L. monocytogenes and also altered the physicochemical cell properties.
Assuntos
Aderência Bacteriana/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Listeria monocytogenes/efeitos dos fármacos , Quercetina/farmacologia , Fatores de Virulência/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Listeria monocytogenes/genética , Listeria monocytogenes/fisiologia , Aço Inoxidável/química , Fatores de Virulência/metabolismoRESUMO
AIMS: To study the individual and combined contribution of catechin, protocatechuic and vanillic acids to inhibit the adhesion of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) on the surface of silicone catheters. METHODS AND RESULTS: The adhesion of UPEC to silicone catheters during the exposure to nonlethal concentrations of phenolic compounds was measured, as well as changes in motility, presence of fimbriae, extra-cellular polymeric substances, surface charge, hydrophobicity and membrane fluidity. The phenolic combination reduced 26-51% of motility, 1 log CFU per cm2 of adhered bacteria and 20-40% the carbohydrate and protein content in the biofilm matrix. Curli fimbriae, surface charge and cell hydrophobicity were affected to a greater extent by the phenolic combination. In the mixture, vanillic acid was the most effective for reducing bacterial adhesion, extra-polymeric substance production, motility, curli fimbriae and biofilm structure. Notwithstanding, protocatechuic acid caused major changes in the bacterial cell surface properties, whereas catechin affected the cell membrane functionality. CONCLUSION: Catechin, protocatechuic and vanillic acids have different bacterial cell targets, explaining the synergistic effect of their combination against uropathogenic E. coli. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY: This study shows the contribution of catechin, protocatechuic and vanillic acids in producing a synergistic mixture against the adhesion of uropathogenic E. coli on silicone catheters. The action of catechin, vanillic and protocatechuic acids included specific contributions of each compound against the E. coli membrane's integrity, motility, surface properties and production of extracellular polymeric substances. Therefore, the studied mixture of phenolic compounds could be used as an antibiotic alternative to reduce urinary tract infections associated with silicone catheters.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Aderência Bacteriana/efeitos dos fármacos , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Catequina/farmacologia , Hidroxibenzoatos/farmacologia , Infecções Urinárias/microbiologia , Escherichia coli Uropatogênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Vanílico/farmacologia , Catéteres/microbiologia , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologia , Fímbrias Bacterianas/efeitos dos fármacos , Fímbrias Bacterianas/genética , Fímbrias Bacterianas/metabolismo , Humanos , Fenóis/farmacologia , Silicones/análise , Escherichia coli Uropatogênica/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Escherichia coli Uropatogênica/fisiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Carcinoma of the parathyroid gland (PC) described by De Quervain since 1909, it represents the least common neoplasm, with an incidence of 1,25/10,000,000 peoples. It has been reported approximately 1,000 cases of CP in world literature. There are two series in Mexico, one of eight patients and other with four cases. Because CP is functionally active, its early clinical behavior is similar to that of parathyroid benign neoplasms. CLINICAL CASE: A 66-year-old female with history of thighbone pain and spontaneous femoral fracture, osteolytic lesions, hypercalcemia, elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone detected; the scintigraphy showed a functioning tumor located in upper mediastinum. By hemithyroidectomy in block, the tumor was resected. Histopathological study reported parathyroid carcinoma. DISCUSSION: PC is the least common neoplasia, in patients with parathyroid hormone levels greater than 1,000 pg/ml and hypercalcemia upper of 14 mg/dl this disease should be suspected.
ANTECEDENTES: El carcinoma de las glándulas paratiroides (CP) descrito por De Quervain en 1909 representa la neoplasia menos frecuente, siendo su incidencia de 1.25/10,000,000 personas. Se han reportado aproximadamente 1,000 casos de carcinoma paratiroideo en la literatura mundial. En México existen dos series, una de ocho pacientes y otra de cuatro, además de tres reportes de casos aislados. Dado que el CP es funcionalmente activo el comportamiento clínico inicial es similar a las neoplasias paratiroideas benignas. CASO CLÍNICO: Femenino de 66 años de edad con dolor óseo en muslo y fractura espontánea de fémur, en la que se detectaron lesiones osteolíticas, hipercalcemia, niveles elevados de fosfatasa alcalina y de paratohormona; con gammagrama que mostró un tumor funcionante localizado en mediastino superior, fue sometida a extirpación en bloque con hemitiroidectomía derecha con tumor de la glándula paratiroides. El estudio histopatológico reportó CP. DISCUSIÓN: El CP representa la neoplasia menos común; en pacientes con niveles de paratohormona mayores de 1,000 pg/ml e hipercalcemia mayor de 14 mg/dl debe sospecharse dicha patología.
Assuntos
Fraturas do Fêmur , Hipercalcemia , Neoplasias das Paratireoides , Idoso , Feminino , Fraturas do Fêmur/etiologia , Fêmur , Humanos , Hipercalcemia/complicações , Hipercalcemia/etiologia , México , Neoplasias das Paratireoides/complicações , Neoplasias das Paratireoides/diagnósticoRESUMO
Resumen: Antecedentes: El carcinoma de las glándulas paratiroides (CP) descrito por De Quervain en 1909 representa la neoplasia menos frecuente, siendo su incidencia de 1.25/10,000,000 personas. Se han reportado aproximadamente 1,000 casos de carcinoma paratiroideo en la literatura mundial. En México existen dos series, una de ocho pacientes y otra de cuatro, además de tres reportes de casos aislados. Dado que el CP es funcionalmente activo el comportamiento clínico inicial es similar a las neoplasias paratiroideas benignas. Caso clínico: Femenino de 66 años de edad con dolor óseo en muslo y fractura espontánea de fémur, en la que se detectaron lesiones osteolíticas, hipercalcemia, niveles elevados de fosfatasa alcalina y de paratohormona; con gammagrama que mostró un tumor funcionante localizado en mediastino superior, fue sometida a extirpación en bloque con hemitiroidectomía derecha con tumor de la glándula paratiroides. El estudio histopatológico reportó CP. Discusión: El CP representa la neoplasia menos común; en pacientes con niveles de paratohormona mayores de 1,000 pg/ml e hipercalcemia mayor de 14 mg/dl debe sospecharse dicha patología.
Abstract: Background: Carcinoma of the parathyroid gland (PC) described by De Quervain since 1909, it represents the least common neoplasm, with an incidence of 1,25/10,000,000 peoples. It has been reported approximately 1,000 cases of CP in world literature. There are two series in Mexico, one of eight patients and other with four cases. Because CP is functionally active, its early clinical behavior is similar to that of parathyroid benign neoplasms. Clinical case: A 66-year-old female with history of thighbone pain and spontaneous femoral fracture, osteolytic lesions, hypercalcemia, elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone detected; the scintigraphy showed a functioning tumor located in upper mediastinum. By hemithyroidectomy in block, the tumor was resected. Histopathological study reported parathyroid carcinoma. Discussion: PC is the least common neoplasia, in patients with parathyroid hormone levels greater than 1,000 pg/ml and hypercalcemia upper of 14 mg/dl this disease should be suspected.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Neoplasias das Paratireoides/complicações , Neoplasias das Paratireoides/diagnóstico , Fraturas do Fêmur/etiologia , Hipercalcemia/complicações , Hipercalcemia/etiologia , Fêmur , MéxicoRESUMO
RESUMEN Introducción: El VIH no es solo un problema de salud pública, puesto que una vez generalizada, la epidemia tiene consecuencias de largo alcance para todos los sectores sociales y para el desarrollo mismo. Puede diezmar a la fuerza laboral, crear grandes cantidades de huérfanos, exacerbar la pobreza y la desigualdad, y ejercer una tremenda presión sobre los servicios sociales y de salud. Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento epidemiológico del VIH en Paraguay durante los meses de enero a diciembre del 2017. Material y Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal, sobre los pacientes con VIH captados por el PRONASIDAdurante los meses de enero a diciembre del 2017. El análisis se realizó con STATA v.14.0, los datos se expresan en medidas de tendencia central y dispersión, y tabla de proporciones. Resultados: Fueron ingresados durante el 2017, 1443 casos reportados, de los cuales el 71,03% (102) fueron del sexo masculino, el 61,95% (894) fue de Asunción. La vía de transmisión fue 98,82% (1426) fue la sexual. El 35,22% (392) fueron caso de SIDA y el 3,53% (51) fallecieron durante el 2017. Conclusión: La epidemia sigue siendo concentrada en grupos de riesgo, con predominancia del sexo masculino, las características dé la población estudiada muestra que la mayoría son procedentes del Asunción y Central, la vía sexual continúa siendo la más frecuente vía de transmisión, en vista a lo anterior es importante implementar políticas y estrategias para mejorar la captación de pacientes, asimismo aumentar la promoción de la educación sexual en grupos de riesgos. Palabras clave: VIH; Sida; Paraguay; Grupos de Riesgo.
Introduction: HIV is not only a public health problem, because once it is widespread, the epidemic has farreaching consequences for all social sectors and for development itself. It can decimate the workforce, create large numbers of orphans, exacerbate poverty and inequality, and exert tremendous pressure on social and health services. Objective: To describe the epidemiological behavior of HIV in Paraguay during the months of January to December 2017. Material and Methods: An observational, crosssectional, descriptive study on HIV patients recruited by PRONASIDAduring the months of January to December 2017. The analysis was performed with STATA v.14.0; the data are expressed in measures of central tendency and dispersion, and proportions table. Results: 1443 reported cases were admitted during 2017, of which 71.03% (102) were male, 61.95% (894) were from Asuncion. The transmission route was 98.82% (1426) was sexual. 35.22% (392) were cases of AIDS and 3.53% (51) died during 2017. Conclusion: The epidemic continues to be concentrated in risk groups, with predominance of males, the characteristics of the studied population shows that the majority are from Asuncion and Central, the sexual route continues to be the most frequent route of transmission, in view of The foregoing is important to implement policies and strategies to improve the uptake of patients, also increase the promotion of sex education in risk groups. Keywords: HIV; AIDS; Paraguay; Risk Groups
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Paraguai/epidemiologia , Grupos de Risco , Infecções por HIV/transmissão , Estudos Transversais , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/transmissão , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Allele distribution and forensic parameters were estimated for 15 STR loci (AmpFlSTR Identifiler kit) in 251 Mexican-Mestizos from the state of Guerrero (South, Mexico). Genotype distribution was in agreement with Hardy-Weinberg expectations for all 15 STRs. Similarly, linkage disequilibrium test demonstrated no association between pair of loci. The power of exclusion and power of discrimination values were 99.999634444% and >99.99999999%, respectively. Genetic relationship analysis regarding Mestizo populations from the main geographic regions of Mexico suggests that the Center and the present South regions conform one population cluster, separated from the Southeast and Northwest regions.
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Genética Populacional , Indígenas Norte-Americanos/genética , Repetições de Microssatélites , Impressões Digitais de DNA , Etnicidade/genética , Frequência do Gene , Técnicas de Genotipagem , Humanos , México , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
The Atacama Desert, the driest of its kind on Earth, hosts a number of unique geological and geochemical features that make it unlike any other environment on the planet. Considering its location on the western border of South America, between 17 and 28 °S, its climate has been characterized as arid to hyperarid for at least the past 10 million years. Notably dry climatic conditions of the Atacama Desert have been related to uplift of the Andes and are believed to have played an important role in the development of the most distinctive features of this desert, including: (i) nitrates and iodine deposits in the Central Depression, (ii) secondary enrichment in porphyry copper deposits in the Precordillera, (iii) Li enrichment in salt flats of the Altiplano, and (iv) life in extreme habitats. The geology and physiography of the Atacama Desert have been largely shaped by the convergent margin present since the Mesozoic era. The geochemistry of surface materials is related to rock geochemistry (Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, V, and Zn), salt flats, and evaporite compositions in endorheic basins (As, B, and Li), in addition to anthropogenic activities (Cu, Mo, and Pb). The composition of surface water is highly variable, nonetheless in general it presents a circumneutral pH with higher conductivity and total dissolved solids in brines. Major water constituents, with the exception of HCO3-, are generally related to the increase of salinity, and despite the fact that trace elements are not well-documented, surface waters of the Atacama Desert are enriched in As, B, and Li when compared to the average respective concentrations in rivers worldwide.
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Clima Desértico , Sedimentos Geológicos/química , Geologia , Solo/química , Salinidade , América do Sul , Oligoelementos/análise , Água/químicaRESUMO
Las competencias del personal asignado al sistema de información rutinario de salud son factores asociados al desempeño de utilizar la información para producir mejoras en la salud de la población. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido evaluar las competencias percibidas y las competencias observadas para realizar tareas claves del sistema de información de salud en el Instituto de Previsión Social. Como método se realizó un estudio en el año 2012, de tipo observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal, que abarcó a instituciones públicas del Sistema Nacional de Salud . El muestreo fue por conglomerados donde participaron 109 personas que participan en el sistema rutinario de salud del IPS. Se aplicó un cuestionario estándar según el modelo PRISM/OBAT. Los resultados señalaron que existen importantes diferencias entre lo que el personal cree que puede hacer y lo que realmente es capaz de hacer. Sobre todo, en cuanto a la capacidad de interpretar y utilizar la información. Bajo este modelo, la motivación fue de 82,1%, autoeficacia percibida 78,6% y las competencias observadas 57,5%. Las competencias para interpretar la información y para utilizarla tuvieron los más bajos resultados 28% y 51% respectivamente. Palabras claves: Sistema de información rutinario de salud, determinantes de comportamiento, PRISM, OBAT.
The competences of the personnel assigned to the routine health information system are factors associated with the performance of using the information to make improvements in the health of the population. The objective of this work was to evaluate the perceived competences and the observed skills to perform key tasks of the health information system in the Social Security Institute. As a method, a study was carried out in 2012, of an observational, descriptive cross-sectional type, which included public institutions of the national health system. Cluster sampling was made, where 109 people involved in IPS routine health system participated. A standard questionnaire was applied according to the PRISM / OBAT model. The results indicated that there are significant differences between what the staff believes they can do and what they are actually capable of doing. Especially regarding the ability to interpret and use information. Under this model, the motivation was 82.1%, perceived self-efficacy 78.6% and the observed competences 57.5%. The skills to interpret the information and to use it had the lowest results 28% and 51% respectively. Key words: Routine health information system, determinants of behavior, PRISM, OBAT
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Humanos , Comunicação em Saúde , Comportamento , Educação Baseada em CompetênciasRESUMO
Todo sistema de información en salud pretende que sus productos se utilicen con el propósito de mejorar la salud de la población. El desempeño del sistema para lograrlo depende de factores técnicos, organizacionales y de comportamiento. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido evaluar los factores organizacionales del sistema de información de salud desde la perspectiva de la cultura de la información. Para ello se realizó un estudio en el año 2102, de tipo observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal, de alcance nacional que abarcó a instituciones públicas del sistema nacional de salud. El método de muestreo fue el aseguramiento de la calidad de lote (LQAS) donde participaron 173 personas de 106 establecimientos. Se aplicó un cuestionario estándar según el modelo PRISM/OBAT. Los resultados señalaron 72,5% de desempeño de la promoción de la cultura de información. La toma de decisiones basadas en evidencia ha tenido el menor desempeño con 65.4%, mientras que el mayor desempeño fue para el uso de la información con 77,5%. Los que poseen estudios universitarios y permanecieron por menos de 6 años en el sistema, percibieron mejor el desempeño del sistema. Palabras claves: Sistema de información rutinario de salud, determinantes organizacionales, cultura de la información, PRISM, OBAT.
Every health information system wants its products to be used with the purpose of improving the health of the population. To achieve this, performance of the system depends on technical, organizational and behavioral factors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the organizational factors of the health information system from the perspective of the culture of information. In order to do this, a study was carried out in the year 2012. The study was observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, of national scope that included public institutions of the national health system. Cluster-sampling was made where 173 people in 106 establishments participated. A standard questionnaire was applied according to the PRISM / OBAT model. The results indicated 72.5% of performance in the promotion of the culture of information. The decision-making based on evidence has had the lowest performance with 65.4%, while the highest performance was for the use of information with 77.5%. Those who have university studies and stayed for less than 6 years in the system, perceived better the performance of the system. Key words: Routine information system of health, organizational determinants, information culture, PRISM, OBAT.
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We report the complete genome sequence of the first Mexican human coronavirus (HCoV) OC43, obtained by new-generation sequencing and a metagenomic approach, isolated from a child hospitalized with pneumonia. The genome is closely related to the other OC43 genome sequences available, ranging from 99.8% to 98.2% nucleotide sequence identity.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of osteoporosis (OP) in patients with Gaucher disease (GD) in Argentina. GD patients from 28 centers were consecutively included from April 2012 to 2014. Bone mineral density (BMD) was determined by dual X-ray absorptiometry in the lumbar spine and the femoral neck or the total proximal femur for patients ≥20 yr of age, and by whole-body scan in the lumbar spine in patients <20 yr of age. In children, mineral density was calculated using the chronological age and Z height. OP diagnosis was determined following adult and pediatric official position of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry. A total of 116 patients were included, of which 62 (53.5%) were women. The median age was 25.8 yr. All patients received enzyme replacement therapy, with a median time of 9.4 yr. Normal BMD was found in 89 patients (76.7%), whereas low bone mass (LBM) or osteopenia was found in 15 patients (13%) and OP in 12 patients (10.3%). The analysis of the pediatric population revealed that 4 patients (9.3%) had LBM and 3 (7%) had OP (Z-score ≤ -2 + fractures height-adjusted by Z), whereas in the adult population (n = 73), 11 patients (15%) had LBM or osteopenia and 9 (12.3%) had OP. Bone marrow infiltration and the presence of fractures were significantly correlated with the presence of OP (p = 0.04 and <0.001, respectively). This is the first study in Argentina and in the region describing the frequency of OP or LBM in GD patients treated with imiglucerase using the official position of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry.
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Absorciometria de Fóton , Doença de Gaucher/complicações , Osteoporose/complicações , Osteoporose/diagnóstico por imagem , Absorciometria de Fóton/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Argentina/epidemiologia , Densidade Óssea , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/complicações , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/epidemiologia , Criança , Feminino , Colo do Fêmur/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença de Gaucher/epidemiologia , Humanos , Vértebras Lombares/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osteoporose/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Las hormonas esteroidales tienen un papel esencial en la fisiología reproductiva, actúan en el ovario estableciendo comunicación entre este y la glándula hipofisiaria y también en forma paracrina como reguladores locales. Se ha descrito expresión de receptores de estrógeno a nivel de ovarios fetales, neonatales y adulto, siendo necesario determinar cuales son los tipos celulares que expresan estos receptores. El ovario ovino es estereogénico activo desde la etapa fetal y por lo tanto los esteroides desempeñan un importante papel en el desarrollo gonadal. La regulación del crecimiento folicular está relacionado a varios factores por un lado la secreción de gonadotropinas por la hipófisis interviene durante el desarrollo folicular tardío, existiendo evidencias de una acción intra-ovárica directa de los estrógenos, en la regulación del crecimiento folicular temprano. Nuestro objetivo fue, evaluar la expresión y distribución de receptores de estrógeno b en las distintas poblaciones celulares del ovario de la oveja prepúber.
Steroid hormones play an essential role in reproductive physiology, acting in the ovary establishing communication between it and the pituitary gland as well as local paracrine regulators. Described estrogen receptor expression level fetal, neonatal and adult ovaries, which are necessary to determine the cell types that express these receptors. Sheep ovarian stereogenic is active from the fetal stage and therefore steroids play an important role in gonadal development. The regulation of follicle growth is related to several factors on the one hand the secretion of gonadotropins by the pituitary follicular development occurring during late, there was evidence of a direct intra-ovarian estrogen action in the early follicular growth regulation. Our objective was to evaluate the expression and distribution of estrogen receptor b in different cell populations of the ovary of prepubertal sheep.
Assuntos
Animais , Ovário/metabolismo , Maturidade Sexual , Ovinos , Receptor beta de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Imuno-HistoquímicaRESUMO
El objetivo de este estudio piloto fue evaluar la correlación entre las evaluaciones clínicas, radiológica y ecográfica en pacientes con AR. Material y métodos: Estudio de corte transversal realizado en el marco de un taller de clinimetría y ecografía para médicos reumatólogos. Se incluyeron pacientes ≥ a 18 años de edad, con diagnóstico de AR. Los pacientes fueron evaluados a través de autocuestionarios validados: actividad de la enfermedad (RADAI), capacidad funcional (HAQ-A y HAQ-II) y RAPID-3; escala visual análoga (EVA) para dolor, evaluación global de la enfermedad y rigidez matinal (RM) y recuento articular (28) por dos médicos reumatólogos. Estos dos médicos también determinaron la evaluación global de la enfermedad de los pacientes (EVA). Se consignó valor de eritrosedimentación (ERS) dentro de la semana previa al examen. Se calculó el índice compuesto DAS28. Radiografías de manos y pies (en posición frente) efectuadas dentro de la semana previa al examen fueron leídas por otros dos médicos reumatólogos mediante método de Sharp modificado por van der Heijde (SvdH) y método SENS (Simplified Erosion and Narrowing Score). A todos los pacientes se les realizó ecografía articular Modo B y Doppler de poder (PD) de 12 por 5 médicos experimentados. Se determinó presencia de derrame de líquido sinovial (DS), hipertrofia sinovial (HS) y señal (PD). A la presencia de cada uno de estos hallazgos se les asignaba 1 punto y el índice ecográfico total resultaba de la suma de los puntos positivos (rango 0-36).
The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the correlation betweenclinical, radiological and ultrasound assessments in patients withRA.Material and methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in theframework of a clinimetric and ultrasound workshop for rheumatologists.We included patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ACR1987) ≥ 18 years of age. Patients were evaluated using validatedquestionnaires: disease activity (RADAI), functional capacity (HAQ-Aand HAQ-II) and RAPID-3; visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, globalassessment of disease and morning stiffness (MS) and joint count(28) by two rheumatologists who also determined the global assessmentof the patients disease (VAS). Sedimentation rate (ESR)in the week before the exam was recorded. DAS28 composite indexwas calculated. Radiographs of hands and feet (front position) performedwithin one week before the examination were read by tworheumatologists using the Sharp method modified by van der Heijde(SvdH) and SENS (Simplified Erosion and Narrowing Score) method.All patients underwent joint ultrasonography B Mode and PowerDoppler (PD) of 12 joints by 5 experienced physicians. Presence ofeffusion of synovial fluid (SF), synovial hypertrophy (SH) and signal(PD) were determined. To the presence of each of these findingswere assigned 1 point and the total ultrasound index was the sumof the positive points (range 0-36).
Assuntos
Humanos , Artrite Reumatoide , Radiografia , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
When an initially entangled pair of qubits undergoes local decoherence processes, there are a number of ways in which the original entanglement can spread throughout the multipartite system consisting of the two qubits and their environments. Here, we report theoretical and experimental results regarding the dynamics of the distribution of entanglement in this system. The experiment employs an all optical setup in which the qubits are encoded in the polarization degrees of freedom of two photons, and each local decoherence channel is implemented with an interferometer that couples the polarization to the path of each photon, which acts as an environment. We monitor the dynamics and distribution of entanglement and observe the transition from bipartite to multipartite entanglement and back, and show how these transitions are intimately related to the sudden death and sudden birth of entanglement. The multipartite entanglement is further analyzed in terms of three- and four-partite entanglement contributions, and genuine four-qubit entanglement is observed at some points of the evolution.
RESUMO
Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase (C3H) are key enzymes in the phenylpropanoid pathway. The relative expression of PAL and C3H was evaluated in mango fruit cultivar 'Ataulfo' in four ripening stages (RS1, RS2, RS3, and RS4) by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, enzyme activity of PAL and C3H was determined in mango fruits during ripening. The PAL levels were downregulated at the RS2 and RS3 stages, while C3H levels were upregulated in fruits only at RS3. The enzyme activity of PAL followed a pattern that was different from that of the PAL expression, thus suggesting regulation at several levels. For C3H, a regulation at the transcriptional level is suggested because a similar pattern was revealed by its activity and transcript level. In this study, the complexity of secondary metabolite biosynthesis regulation is emphasized because PAL and C3H enzymes are involved in the biosynthesis of several secondary metabolites that are active during all mango ripening stages.